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Hedayati Marzbali M, Hakeem IG, Ngo T, Balu R, Jena MK, Vuppaladadiyam A, Sharma A, Choudhury NR, Batstone DJ, Shah K. A critical review on emerging industrial applications of chars from thermal treatment of biosolids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122341. [PMID: 39236613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Thermochemical treatment is rapidly emerging as an alternative method for the management of stabilised sewage sludges (biosolids) to effectively reduce waste volume, degrade contaminants, and generate valuable products, particularly biochar and hydrochar. Biosolids-derived char has a relatively high concentration of heavy metals compared with agricultural chars but is still applied to land due to its beneficial properties and ability to retain metals. However, non-agricultural applications can provide additional economic and environmental benefits, promote sustainability and support a circular economy. This review identifies extensive non-agricultural opportunity for biosolids biochar, including adsorption, catalysis, energy storage systems, biological process enhancement, and as additives for rubber compounding and construction. Biosolids chars have received limited attention vs agricultural char, and we draw on both areas of literature, as well as evaluating differences between agricultural and biosolids chars. A key opportunity for biosolids biochar in comparison with other materials and agricultural chars is its sustainable and low-cost nature, relatively high metals content, improving catalyst properties, and ability to modify in various stages to tune it to specific applications. The specific opportunities for hydrochar have only received limited attention. Research needs to include better understanding of the benefits and limitations for specific applications, as well as adjacent drivers, including society, regulation, and market and economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Hedayati Marzbali
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Ibrahim Gbolahan Hakeem
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Tien Ngo
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Rajkamal Balu
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Transformation of Reclaimed Waste into Engineered Materials and Solutions for a Circular Economy (TREMS), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Arun Vuppaladadiyam
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Transformation of Reclaimed Waste into Engineered Materials and Solutions for a Circular Economy (TREMS), RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, College of STEM, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
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Mushtaq S, Jamil F, Hussain M, Inayat A, Majeed K, Akhter P, Khurram MS, Shanableh A, Kim YM, Park YK. Utilizing sludge-based activated carbon for targeted leachate mitigation in wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118326. [PMID: 38325784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) based adsorbents derived from waste sludge were utilized to remediate mixed contaminants in wastewater as an integrated waste-to-resource approach promoting a paradigm shift in management of refuse sludge and wastewater. This review specifically focuses on the remediation of constituents of landfill leachate by sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC). The adsorption effectiveness of SBAC for the exclusion of leachate characters including heavy metals, phenols, dyes, phosphates, and phosphorus were explored with regard to modifiers such as pH, temperature, properties of the adsorbent including functional groups, initial doses of absorbent and adsorbate, and duration of exposure to note the impact of each parameter on the efficiency of adsorption of the sludge adsorbent. Through the works of various researchers, it was noted that the properties of the adsorbent, pH and temperature impact the working of SBACs. The pH of the adsorbent by influencing the functional groups. Temperature was expected to have a paramount effect on the adsorption efficiency of the SBACs. The importance of the regeneration and recycling of the adsorbents as well as their leachability is highlighted. Sludge based activated carbon is recommended as a timely, resource-efficient, and sustainable approach for the remediation of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mushtaq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power System Research Centre, Research Institute for Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Murid Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abrar Inayat
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power System Research Centre, Research Institute for Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaliq Majeed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Parveen Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Khurram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Yang Y, Yang X, Chen Y, Li X, Yang Q, Li Y, Ma P, Zhang H, Xu S. Response surface optimization of sludge dewatering process: synergistic enhancement by ultrasonic, chitosan and sludge-based biochar. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1630-1646. [PMID: 38619894 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to the colloidal stability, the high compressibility and the high hydration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), it is difficult to efficiently dehydrate sludge. In order to enhance sludge dewatering, the process of ultrasonic (US) cracking, chitosan (CTS) re-flocculation and sludge-based biochar (SBB) skeleton adsorption of water-holding substances to regulate sludge dewaterability was proposed. Based on the response surface method, the prediction model of the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and sludge cake moisture content (MC) was established. The US cracking time and the dosage of CTS and SBB were optimized. The results showed that the optimal parameters of the three were 5.08 s, 10.1 mg/g dry solids (DS) and 0.477 g/g DS, respectively. Meantime, the SRF and MC were 5.4125 × 1011 m/kg and 76.8123%, which significantly improved the sludge dewaterability. According to the variance analysis, it is found that the fitting degree of SRF and MC model is good, which also confirms that there is significant interaction and synergy between US, CTS and SBB, and the contribution of CTS and SBB is greater. Moreover, the process significantly improves the sludge's calorific value and makes its combustion more durable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, China E-mail:
| | - Xingfeng Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yirong Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiyong Yang
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332005, China
| | - Yangying Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, China
| | - Pengjing Ma
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China; Wenzhou Engineering Institute of Pump & Value, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325105, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Shenghui Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
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Yang Y, Yang X, Wang X, Yang Q, Xu W, Li Y. Explore the closed-loop disposal route of surplus sludge: Sludge self-circulation preparation of sludge-based biochar (SBB) to enhance sludge dewaterability. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Oladoye PO. Natural, low-cost adsorbents for toxic Pb(II) ion sequestration from (waste)water: A state-of-the-art review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132130. [PMID: 34517237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pb(II) ions is an inorganic pollutant that is present in the environment. Its presence affects both human health and ecosystem. Economically, amongst many wastewater treatment approaches, adsorption is both cheap and environmentally friendly for removing Pb(II) ion from contaminated water. In this state of the art review, about 227 research and review based publications on adsorption-based studies between 1989 and 2021, which have used various materials as adsorbents of Pb (II) ions, were selected and reviewed for more evaluation. A number of adsorbents which have been reported in these literatures for the adsorption of Pb(II) ion are agrobased, modified agrobased, clay minerals, modified/nanocomposite clay minerals, silica-based, zeolite-based and chitosan-based adsorbents, respectively. The adsorption potential of the adsorbents is exhibited under optimum experimental conditions. The unmodified and modified agro based adsorbents were shown to exhibit the greatest Pb(II) adsorption capacity, with great potential for further exploration, compared to the others afore-listed. The effects of operating parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and reaction time are discussed. Furthermore, in order to comprehend the nature of adsorption process between the adsorbent and contaminant (Pb(II)), thermodynamic analyses of adsorption systems are intensively described. All these discussions revealed the applicability of adsorption process for toxic Pb(II) ions removal with respect to wastewater treatment techniques. The review concludes by commenting on the various adsorbents' adsorption capacity and proposes some studies that should also be considered in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
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Li Y, Yu H, Liu L, Yu H. Application of co-pyrolysis biochar for the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126655. [PMID: 34329082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has been considered as a serious threat to the environment and human in the past decades due to its toxic and unbiodegradable properties. Recently, extensive studies have been carried out on the removal of heavy metals, and various adsorption materials have been successfully developed. Among, biochar is a promising option because of its advantages of various biomass sources, abundant microporous channels and surface functional groups, as well as its attractive economic feasibility. However, the application of pristine biochar is limited by its low adsorption capacity and nonregenerative property. Co-pyrolysis biochar, produced from the pyrolysis of biomass with the addition of another biomass or non-biomass precursor, is potential in overcoming the limitation of pristine biochar and achieving superior performance for heavy metal adsorption and immobilization. Therefore, this article summarizes the recent advances in development and applications of co-pyrolysis biochar for adsorption and immobilization of various heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates. In details, the production, characteristics and advantages of co-pyrolysis biochar are initially presented. Subsequently, the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of different heavy metals (including Hg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, As, etc.) in flue gas and wastewater by co-pyrolysis biochar are reviewed, as well as factors influencing their adsorption capacities. Meanwhile, the immobilization of heavy metals in both biochar itself and contaminated soils by co-pyrolysis biochar is discussed. Finally, the limitations of current studies and future prospects are proposed. It aims at providing a guideline for the exploitation and application of cost-effective and environmental-friendly co-pyrolysis biochar in the decontamination of environmental substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Han Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lina Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongbing Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Chen Y, Ma X, Peng J. Highly selective removal and recovery of Ni(II) from aqueous solution using magnetic ion-imprinted chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 271:118435. [PMID: 34364575 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is one of the most common heavy metals. In this study, nano-sized magnetic ion-imprinted polymers (MIIPs) were synthesized using chitosan as the functional monomer, and used for selective adsorption and recovery of Ni(II) from solutions. The results showed MIIPs possessed high sorption selectivity for Ni(II), and the change in pH (5.0-9.0) exerted insignificant influence on the ion adsorption, allowing almost complete elution and recovery of adsorbed Ni(II) ions by using 0.5% EDTA-Na solution. Moreover, the sorption capacity of the recycled MIIPs decreased by only about 10% after 15 adsorption-desorption cycles. The time required for establishing the adsorption equilibrium was less than 1 h. The sorption process was predominant and endothermic, and could be well described by both Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Therefore, the synthesized MIIPs was a suitable adsorbent for highly selective, fast and efficient removal and recovery of low-concentration Ni(II) ions from wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Junbiao Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Leng L, Yang L, Chen J, Leng S, Li H, Li H, Yuan X, Zhou W, Huang H. A review on pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass: Nitrogen transformation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123801. [PMID: 32673983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass, such as microalgae, macroalgae, sewage sludge, energy crops, and some lignocellulosic biomass, produces bio-oil with high nitrogen (N) content, sometimes as high as 10 wt% or even higher. Major nitrogenous compounds in bio-oil include amines/amides, N-containing heterocycles, and nitriles. Such bio-oil cannot be used as fuel directly since the high N content will induce massive emission of nitrogen oxides during combustion. The present review comprehensively summarized the effects of biomass compositions (i.e., elemental, biochemical, and mineral compositions) and pyrolysis parameters (i.e., temperature, heating rate, atmosphere, bio-oil collection/fractionation methods, and catalysts) on the contents of N and the N-containing chemical components in bio-oil. The migration and transformation mechanisms of N during the pyrolysis of biomass were then discussed in detail. Finally, the research gaps were identified, followed by the proposals for future investigations to achieve the denitrogenation of bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Songqi Leng
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenguang Zhou
- School of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Yang X, Xu G, Yu H. Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by ferric activated sludge-based adsorbent derived from biological sludge. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Tang S, Shao N, Zheng C, Yan F, Zhang Z. Amino-functionalized sewage sludge-derived biochar as sustainable efficient adsorbent for Cu(II) removal. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 90:17-28. [PMID: 31088670 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sludge biochar as promising low-cost adsorbent has increasingly gained interests, but its poor surface functionality severely undermines its adsorption capacity and selectivity. Here a facile amino functionalization strategy was first proposed to enhance the surface functionality of sewage sludge derived biochar (SSDB) via the combination of sol-gel process for mesoporous silica coating and silylation for highly selective removal of Cu(II). The prepared amino-functionalized SSDB showed excellent adsorption capacity of 74.51 mg/g at room temperature, increasing by nearly 118% with regard to the unfunctionalized SSDB, and prominent selectivity (minute separation factor SFCo, Ni, Zn/Cu) toward Cu(II) uptake. Characterizations demonstrated amine groups on the SSDB, the surface density of which reached 1.34 mg/m2. The adsorption kinetics of Cu(II) on amino-functionalized SSDB was well described by a pseudo-second order kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm data was well fitted by Sips model. The pH range in which the adsorption preferentially occurred was 3-5. The occurrence of amine group protonation undermined adsorption performance at a pH < 3. These effects of amino-functionalized SSDB toward Cu(II) uptake were a result of the grafted amine groups specifically complexing with Cu(II) in the tetrahedron. Hence, prominent adsorption performance and low-cost feedstock make amino-functionalized SSDB a sustainable adsorbent for Cu(II) removal in water resulting in a cleaner utilization of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China; Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Shao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China; Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Streit AFM, Côrtes LN, Druzian SP, Godinho M, Collazzo GC, Perondi D, Dotto GL. Development of high quality activated carbon from biological sludge and its application for dyes removal from aqueous solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:277-287. [PMID: 30640096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A high quality activated carbon was developed from biological sludge of a beverage wastewater treatment plant (BWTP). The material was characterized and its adsorption potential to remove Allura Red AC and Crystal Violet dyes from aqueous media was verified. The ACBS (activated carbon from beverage sludge) revealed mesoporous features, presenting average pore diameter of 6.32 nm, pore volume of 0.5098 cm3 g-1 and surface area of 631.8 m2 g-1. Adsorption was adequate using 0.25 g L -1 of ACBS, and, the process was favored at pH 2.0 for Allura Red AC and pH 8.0 for Crystal Violet. From the kinetic viewpoint, the data were satisfactorily represented by the pseudo-second order model. Freundlich and Sips models were suitable to represent the adsorption equilibrium of the Allura Red and Crystal Violet, respectively. The maximum values for adsorption capacities were 287.1 mg g-1 for Allura Red and 640.7 mg g-1 for Crystal Violet. The adsorption of both dyes was thermodynamically spontaneous, favorable and endothermic. In brief, the residual sludge of a wastewater treatment plant may be used as an eco-friendly precursor for ACBS production. ACBS was an efficient adsorbent material able to uptake dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica F M Streit
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia N Côrtes
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Susanne P Druzian
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Godinho
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering Processes and Technology, University of Caxias do Sul - UCS, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela C Collazzo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Perondi
- Postgraduate Program in Engineering Processes and Technology, University of Caxias do Sul - UCS, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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12
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The Pertinence of Microwave Irradiated Coconut Shell Bio-Sorbent for Wastewater Decolourization: Structural Morphology and Adsorption Optimization Using the Response Surface Method (RSM). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102200. [PMID: 30304814 PMCID: PMC6209996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent contains carcinogenic coloured compounds that are difficult to separate due to their aromatic structure. Though colour treatment using adsorption processes at lower pH (<4) have been reported effectual, due to its acidity the remediated effluent poses an environmental hazard as a result. Thus, the current study focused on achieving decolourization at neutral pH by enhancing the morphology of the coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) using N2 as activating-agent with microwave irradiation heating. The microwave pretreated and non-pretreated CSAC were characterized using scanned electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. A significant modification in the porous structure with a 66.62% increase in the specific surface area was achieved after the pretreatment. The adsorption experimental matrix was developed using the central composite design to investigate the colour adsorption performance under varied pH (6–7), dosage (2–6 g) and contact time (10–100 min). At optimum conditions of neutral pH (7), 3.208 g dosage and contact time of 35 min, the percentage of colour removal was 96.29% with negligible differences compared with the predicted value, 95.855%. The adsorption equilibrium capacity of 1430.1 ADMI × mL/g was attained at the initial colour concentration of 2025 ADMI at 27 °C. The experimental data fitted better with the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 0.9851.
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Monitoring the Chloride Concentration in International Scheldt River Basin District Water Using a Low-Cost Multifunction Data Acquisition Board. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10081025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In analytical chemistry laboratories, to gather in the shortest time as many data as possible with the utmost accuracy and precision, high throughput automated setups are indispensable. In the present study, to determine the chloride concentration in the international Scheldt river basin district, experiments are carried out utilizing a thermostatically controlled semi-automated setup. A novel ICT-based method is developed using a low-cost multifunction Data Acquisition Board (DAQ) controlled by a homebuilt LabVIEW™ program. Specifically, this approach enables a correlation between different parameters i.e., droplet volume, temperature, A/D voltage conversions. Here, processing experimental data of a potentiometric precipitation titration utilizing a silver nitrate standard solution as titrant in a manual burette equipped with a controllable electronic valve allows for a preliminary indication of the titration end point via the Virtual Instrument (VI) numerical first derivative tool in the LabVIEW software. The LabVIEW tool is compared with the well-known Gran method implemented in the LabVIEW program, emphasizing an accurate performance of the setup to determine the chloride concentration in fresh river water. We are confident that our findings are evidence of the versatile and powerful features of the LabVIEW controlled DAQ in the analytical chemistry laboratory.
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Lievens C, Mourant D, Hu X, Wang Y, Wu L, Rossiter A, Gunawan R, He M, Li CZ. A case study: what is leached from mallee biochars as a function of pH? ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:294. [PMID: 29671073 PMCID: PMC5906503 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is widely considered as a soil amendment. This study aims to investigate the leaching of macronutrients (K, Mg and Ca) and organics from biochars produced from mallee biomass (wood, leaf, bark) in a fluidised-bed pyrolyser at 500 °C. Biochars were soaked in solutions of varying pH values and shaken for a pre-set period of time ranging from 1 h to 4 weeks. The initial pH values of the leaching solutions used (3.4, 5.5, 7 and 8.5) covered the pH range of the soils in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia (WA). For these bark, leaf and wood biochars, we can conclude that the biochars have a liming capacity for the acid soils of the WA Wheatbelt, depending on the feedstock. The maximum leachabilities and leaching kinetics of the macronutrients K, Mg and Ca depend on the pH of the solution in which biochar was soaked. Apparently, Ca, K and Mg in biomass are converted into different species upon pyrolysis, and the biomass species are critical for the extent of the leachability of macronutrients. Further, the chemical form of each nutrient retained in the biochars will dictate the kinetics as a function of soil pH. This study's GC/MS analysis of solvent extraction of the biochars showed potential toxicity due to the leaching of light organic compounds when biochars are added to soils. Furthermore, this study also showed the influence of pH on the leaching of large aromatic organics from the biochars. Apart from the pH of leaching solution, the influence of the biomass feedstock on the leaching kinetics of large aromatic organics from biochars was demonstrated. These leached aromatic organics were characterised by UV-fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lievens
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - Daniel Mourant
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Xun Hu
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Yi Wang
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Liping Wu
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Angelina Rossiter
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Richard Gunawan
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Min He
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Chun-Zhu Li
- Fuel and Energy Technology Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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Feng Y, Liu Y, Xue L, Sun H, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Yang L. Carboxylic acid functionalized sesame straw: A sustainable cost-effective bioadsorbent with superior dye adsorption capacity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:675-683. [PMID: 28494410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study prepared a carboxylic functionalized bioadsorbent that met the "4-E" criteria: Efficient, Economical, Environmentally friendly, and Easily-produced. Sesame straw (Sesamum indicum L.) was functionalized through treatment with citric acid (SSCA) and tartaric acid (SSTA). The products were examined for adsorption capacity and mechanisms. Langmuir model gave the best fit for the isotherm data, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of SSCA was 650mgg-1 for methylene blue (MB). The excellent dye adsorption capacity of SSCA can be attributed to the introduction of ester groups during citric-acid modification and the tube-like structures (i.e., sesame straw cell wall remnants). At last, the cost of carboxylic acid functionalized bioadsorbents was evaluated, which showed that SSCA would be the most cost-effective bioadsorbent. Additionally, this study presents a thermo-decomposition methodology for contaminant-loaded bioadsorbent. Results showed that SSCA is probably one of the few bioadsorbents that can be produced and applied in industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Feng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lihong Xue
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haijun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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17
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Fabrication of carboxymethyl chitosan–hemicellulose resin for adsorptive removal of heavy metals from wastewater. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Devi P, Saroha AK. Utilization of sludge based adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:16-33. [PMID: 27838056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sludge based adsorbents are widely used for the removal of various pollutants from water and wastewater systems and the available data is much diversified. The purpose of this review is to organize and critically review the scattered available information on the potential of use of sludge based adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants. It was observed that performance of the sludge based adsorbents varies depending on the type of pollutants, type of precursor sludge, carbonization time-temperature profile and the type of activation conditions used. The variation in pyrolysis and activation conditions found to directly affect the adsorbent properties, adsorption capacity and the mechanism of pollutant removal by sludge based adsorbents. The interaction mechanisms of pollutants with adsorbent surface found to have a detrimental effect on desorption and regeneration of the adsorbents and its recycling potential. Therefore, desorption and regeneration technique used for recycle of the adsorbents is also discussed in detail. Moreover, life cycle and cost analysis of sludge based adsorbents is assessed to ensure the cost effectiveness of their application in water treatment operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmila Devi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Anil K Saroha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Orlandi G, Cavasotto J, Machado FRS, Colpani GL, Magro JD, Dalcanton F, Mello JMM, Fiori MA. An adsorbent with a high adsorption capacity obtained from the cellulose sludge of industrial residues. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:171-180. [PMID: 27875718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the major problems in effluent treatment plants of the cellulose and paper industry is the large amount of residual sludge generated. Therefore, this industry is trying to develop new methods to treat such residues and to use them as new products, such as adsorbents. In this regard, the objective of this work was to develop an adsorbent using the raw activated sludge generated by the cellulose and paper industry. The activated cellulose sludge, after being dried, was chemically activated with 42.5% (v/v) phosphoric acid at 85 °C for 1 h and was charred at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C for 2 h. The efficiency of the obtained adsorbent materials was evaluated using kinetic tests with methylene blue solutions. Using the adsorption kinetics, it was verified that the three adsorbents showed the capacity to adsorb dye, and the adsorbent obtained at a temperature of 600 °C showed the highest adsorption capacity of 107.1 mg g-1. The kinetic model that best fit the experimental data was pseudo-second order. The Langmuir-Freudlich isotherm adequately described the experimental data. As a result, the cellulose sludge generated by the cellulose and paper industries could be used as an adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Orlandi
- Area of Environment and Exact Sciences, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Cavasotto
- Area of Environment and Exact Sciences, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Francisco R S Machado
- School of Chemical and Food Sciences, Federal University of the Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo L Colpani
- Area of Environment and Exact Sciences, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Post-Graduation Program in Environment Science, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Francieli Dalcanton
- Post-Graduation Program in Technology and Innovation Management, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane M M Mello
- Post-Graduation Program in Environment Science, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Technology and Innovation Management, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcio A Fiori
- Post-Graduation Program in Environment Science, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Technology and Innovation Management, Community University of the Chapecó Region, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Tao HC, Zhang HR, Li JB, Ding WY. Biomass based activated carbon obtained from sludge and sugarcane bagasse for removing lead ion from wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:611-7. [PMID: 26093255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge and bagasse were used as raw materials to produce cheap and efficient adsorbent with great adsorption capacity of Pb(2+). By pyrolysis at 800 °C for 0.5 h, the largest surface area (806.57 m(2)/g) of the adsorbent was obtained, enriched with organic functional groups. The optimal conditions for production of the adsorbent and adsorption of Pb(2+) were investigated. The results of adsorb-ability fitted the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model well. The highest Pb(2+) (at pH = 4.0) adsorption capacity was achieved by treating with 60% (v/v) HNO3. This is a promising approach for metal removal from wastewater, as well as recycling sewage sludge and bagasse to ease their disposal pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Chun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA.
| | - He-Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Xu G, Yang X, Spinosa L. Development of sludge-based adsorbents: preparation, characterization, utilization and its feasibility assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 151:221-32. [PMID: 25577702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing generation of sludge and its subsequent treatment are very sensitive environmental problems. For a more stable and sustainable treatment of sludge, there have been many studies, including the conversion of sludge into sludge-based adsorbents (SBAs) for pollutants removal. In this review, current SBAs preparation conditions and use as adsorbent for contaminant removal in water treatment are summarized and discussed. Carbonization, physical activation and chemical activation are three common preparation methods. The controlling key parameters include pyrolysis temperature, dwell time, heating rate, activator and feedstock type. The efficacy of SBAs in contaminant adsorption depends on their surface area, pore size distribution, surface functional groups and ion-exchange capacity. It has been demonstrated that SBAs can attain high uptakes of dyes and metal ions due to their high cation exchange capacity; whereas the strong antibiotics adsorption performance of SBAs derives from high degree of mesoporosity. In addition, thermal treatment significantly stabilizes heavy metals contained in sludge. The paper also discusses the economic feasibility and environmental safety of preparation and application of SBAs. Further research will include investigations on the migration and transformation of element in sludge by thermal treatment, more economical and efficient chemical activation reagents, obtaining SBAs for designated application, combination of coagulation and SBAs adsorption, regeneration of SBAs and full-scale tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Vanreppelen K, Vanderheyden S, Kuppens T, Schreurs S, Yperman J, Carleer R. Activated carbon from pyrolysis of brewer's spent grain: Production and adsorption properties. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2014; 32:634-645. [PMID: 25012859 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14538306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain is a low cost residue generated by the brewing industry. Its chemical composition (high nitrogen content 4.35 wt.%, fibres, etc.) makes it very useful for the production of added value in situ nitrogenised activated carbon. The composition of brewer's spent grain revealed high amounts of cellulose (20.8 wt.%), hemicellulose (48.78 wt.%) and lignin (11.3 wt.%). The fat, ethanol extractives and ash accounted for 8.17 wt.%, 4.7 wt.% and 3.2 wt.%, respectively. Different activated carbons were produced in a lab-scale pyrolysis/activation reactor by applying several heat and steam activation profiles on brewer's spent grain. Activated carbon yields from 16.1 to 23.6 wt.% with high N-contents (> 2 wt.%) were obtained. The efficiency of the prepared activated carbons for phenol adsorption was studied as a function of different parameters: pH, contact time and carbon dosage relative to two commercial activated carbons. The equilibrium isotherms were described by the non-linear Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the kinetic results were fitted using the pseudo-first-order model and the pseudo-second-order model. The feasibility of an activated carbon production facility (onsite and offsite) that processes brewer's spent grain for different input feeds is evaluated based on a techno-economic model for estimating the net present value. Even though the model assumptions start from a rather pessimistic scenario, encouraging results for a profitable production of activated carbon using brewer's spent grain are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Vanreppelen
- Research Group of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium Research Group of Nuclear Technology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sara Vanderheyden
- Research Group of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tom Kuppens
- Research Group of Environmental Economics, Agoralaan Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sonja Schreurs
- Research Group of Nuclear Technology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan Yperman
- Research Group of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Research Group of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Doğan V, Aydın S. Vanadium(V) Removal by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Derived from Starch Industry Waste Sludge. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.879312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kong L, Xiong Y, Tian S, Luo R, He C, Huang H. Preparation and characterization of a hierarchical porous char from sewage sludge with superior adsorption capacity for toluene by a new two-step pore-fabricating process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:457-462. [PMID: 23954718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A kind of hierarchical porous char (SCCA/Zn) was prepared from sewage sludge by a new two-step pore-fabricating process coupling citric acid (CA) with ZnCl2 in a pyrolysis process. The char was characterized by element analysis, N2-adsorption and mercury intrusion measurement etc. It is found that coupling CA and ZnCl2 can synergistically fabricate pores in the pyrolysis process, resulting in a hierarchical porous char, SCCA/Zn, with the largest SBET of 867.6 m(2) g(-1) due to the fact that the former contributes to the fabrication of macro-pores, which provides more space for fabricating meso- and micro-pores by ZnCl2 activation. Although the SBET of SCCA/Zn was 15% less than that of activated carbon fiber (ACF, SBET=999.5 m(2) g(-1)), SCCA/Zn had a higher toluene adsorption capacity (0.83 g g(-1)) than ACF. The inconsistence between their SBET and adsorption capacity can be ascribed to the strong hydrophobic property of SCCA/Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Ya Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Shuanghong Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Rongshu Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Haibao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Zou J, Dai Y, Wang X, Ren Z, Tian C, Pan K, Li S, Abuobeidah M, Fu H. Structure and adsorption properties of sewage sludge-derived carbon with removal of inorganic impurities and high porosity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:209-217. [PMID: 23743424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Purified sludge carbon (PSC) with removal of inorganic 'impurities' (Si, Al, etc.) is prepared from sewage sludge. Morphological structure, textural properties, surface elements and functional groups of sludge carbon (SC) and PSC are compared. SBET and pore volume of PSC are about three times higher than those of SC. PSC with large fluffy cavities remains some memory of SC parent structure. Removed fractions can be considered as a natural template for producing a hierarchical porous structure in PSC. Abundant oxygen-containing groups including hydroxyl and epoxide are generated in PSC, which are favorable for organic contaminant removal from wastewater. Diffraction peaks at 2θ = 45°, bending modes of Si-O-Si and Na1s peaks (1070.5 eV) jointly confirm that only a trace of adsorbed impurities (Na2O·(SiO2)x (x ≥ 1)) is retained on PSC surface. PSC is superior to SC and comparable to commercial activated carbon for rhodamine B and phenol adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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Li M, Liu Q, Guo L, Zhang Y, Lou Z, Wang Y, Qian G. Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution by Spartina alterniflora derived biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:83-88. [PMID: 23317555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective biochar (SABC) was prepared from Spartina alterniflora by pyrolysis at low temperatures (≤ 500 °C) under anoxic conditions. The obtained biochar was examined for its ability to adsorb copper ions from aqueous solution and the Cu(II) removal mechanisms were explored. Cu(II) adsorption on SABC was found to fit well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity of SABC reached 48.49 mg g(-1), which is about 5 times higher than the raw biomass. Ion exchange had negligible effect on Cu(II) removal. Based on FTIR spectra and potentiometric titration, a complexation model including two acidic and one basic functional groups was proposed. However, metal ions complexation with the surface sites could not account for the uptake amounts of Cu(II) by SABC, alternative binding mechanisms might involve simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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27
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Pitakteeratham N, Hafuka A, Satoh H, Watanabe Y. High efficiency removal of phosphate from water by zirconium sulfate-surfactant micelle mesostructure immobilized on polymer matrix. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:3583-3590. [PMID: 23726694 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A zirconium sulfate-surfactant micelle mesostructure (ZS) was synthesized to investigate its capacity for phosphate removal from water. Its phosphate adsorption kinetics, the effect of pH and interfering anions, adsorption isotherm, desorption capacity, and reusability were investigated. The adsorption isotherms could be described by the Langmuir model. The ZS was an effective adsorbent for phosphate with a very high adsorption capacity (114 mg P/g ZS). The phosphate adsorption capacity increased with decrease in pH. Although the adsorption of nitrate, chloride and acetate ions was negligible, bicarbonate ions were found to be possible interfering anions. The adsorbed phosphate was desorbed effectively using NaOH solution. Since breakage of ZS particles resulted when using NaOH, ZS was immobilized on a polymer matrix and a 50-cycle adsorption-desorption test was carried out to determine the ZS-immobilized polymer (P-ZS) reusability. The P-ZS retained its functionality and adsorption and desorption capacity over 50 cycles without loss of original capacity. A phosphate solution containing about 10 mg P/L was treated in a column packed with P-ZS. The phosphate could be adsorbed completely onto P-ZS up to 1020 bed volumes. These results indicate clearly that ZS is a highly effective adsorbent for phosphate and enables the removal of phosphate from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niti Pitakteeratham
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Feng Y, Dionysiou DD, Wu Y, Zhou H, Xue L, He S, Yang L. Adsorption of dyestuff from aqueous solutions through oxalic acid-modified swede rape straw: adsorption process and disposal methodology of depleted bioadsorbents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 138:191-197. [PMID: 23612179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Swede rape straw (Brassica napus L.) was modified by oxalic acid under mild conditions producing an efficient dye adsorbent (SRSOA). This low-cost and environmental friendly bioadsorbent was characterized by various techniques and then applied to purify dye-contaminated aqueous solutions. Equilibrium study showed that the Langmuir model demonstrated the best fit to the equilibrium data and the methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity calculated by this model was 432mgg(-1). The adsorption process and mechanism is also discussed. To properly deal with the dye-loaded bioadsorbents, the disposal methodology is discussed and a biochar based on depleted bioadsorbents was for the first time produced and examined. This method both solved the disposal problem of contaminant-loaded bioadsorbents and produced an useful adsorbent thereafter. The study indicates that SRSOA is a promising substitute for ACs in purifying dye-contaminated wastewater and that producing biochars from contaminant-loaded bioadsorbents maybe a feasible disposal method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Feng
- Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
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Gu L, Zhu N, Zhang D, Lou Z, Yuan H, Zhou P. A comparative study of aerobically digested and undigested sludge in preparation of magnetic chars and their application in 1-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid adsorption. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:719-724. [PMID: 23566472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two types of sewage-sludges, aerobically digested and undigested sewage sludge, were used as precursors in the preparation of chars with magnetic property. The two solids were characterized to establish their textural and chemical properties. Due to different elemental composition, chars from the digested sludge were found to contain zeolite-like minerals such as NaP1 zeolite, which enables its abilities of anion exchange, while chars from undigested sewage sludge exhibited a well-degreed graphite structure. 1-Diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (1,2,4-Acid) was used as a model pollutant to investigate its adsorption on prepared chars. The adsorption kinetics of 1,2,4-Acid onto both chars followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The simulated Langmuir-Freundlich model illustrated that the equilibrium adsorption amount of 1,2,4-Acid was 102.8 and 105.3mg/g, respectively, at 303 K. The adsorption amount declined on digested chars, whereas kept stable on the other in the presence of sodium chloride, suggesting the diversity in adsorption behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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Velghe I, Carleer R, Yperman J, Schreurs S. Study of the pyrolysis of sludge and sludge/disposal filter cake mix for the production of value added products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:1-9. [PMID: 23500552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Slow and fast pyrolysis of sludge and sludge/disposal filter cake (FC) mix are performed to investigate the liquid and solid products for their use as value added products. The obtained slow pyrolysis liquid products separate in an oil, a water rich fraction and a valuable crystalline solid 5,5-dimethyl hydantoin. During fast pyrolysis, mainly an oil fraction is formed. Aliphatic acids and amides present in the water rich fractions can be considered as value added products and could be purified. The oil fractions have properties which make them promising as fuel (25-35 MJ/kg, 14-20 wt% water content, 0.2-0.6 O/C value), but upgrading is necessary. Sludge/FC oils have a lower calorific value, due to evaporation of alcohols present in FC. ICP-AES analyses reveal that almost none of the metals present in sludge or sludge/FC are transferred towards the liquid fractions. The metals are enriched in the solid fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Velghe
- NuTeC, Department TIW, XIOS, Agoralaan Gebouw H, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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