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Samaraweera H, Zahir A, Alam SS, Perera SS, Masud MAA, Khan AH, Oguntuyi DO, Yunusu W, Shin WS, Mohamed MM, Mlsna T. Sustainable utilization of Fe 3O 4-modified activated lignite for aqueous phosphate removal and ANN modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119618. [PMID: 39009211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Lignites are widely available and cost-effective in many countries. Sustainable methods for their utilization drive innovation, potentially advancing environmental sustainability and resource efficiency. In the present study, Fe3O4 (∼25.1 nm) supported on KOH-activated lignite (A-L) displayed 8 times higher phosphate removal than pristine A-L (67.6 mg/g vs. 8.5 mg/g at pH 5, 50 mg of absorbent in 25 mL of 1500 ppm [phosphate]), owing to its abundant Fe3O4 (10 wt% of Fe) nanoparticle content. The removal occurred within ∼2 h, following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Across pH levels ranging from 5.0 to 9.0, Fe3O4-A-L's phosphate removal occurs via both chemisorption and precipitation, as evident by kinetic, pH, and XPS analyses. The phosphate adsorption fits better with the Freundlich isotherm. The combined benefits of facile recovery, rapid phosphate uptake, straightforward regeneration, and attractive post-adsorption benefits (e.g., possibly use as a Fe, P-rich fertilizer) make magnetic Fe3O4-A-L a promising candidate for real-world applications. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling indicates an excellent accuracy (R2 = 0.99) in predicting the amount of phosphate removed by Fe3O4-A-L. Sensitivity analysis revealed both temperature and initial concentration as the most influencing factors. Leveraging lignite in environmentally friendly applications not only addresses immediate challenges but also aligns with sustainability goals. The study clearly articulates the potential benefits of utilizing lignite for sustainable phosphate removal and recovery, offering avenues for mitigating environmental concerns while utilizing resources efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasara Samaraweera
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, ON, N6H0B6, Canada.
| | - Abdul Zahir
- National Textile Research Centre, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Shah Saud Alam
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - S Sameera Perera
- Lumigen Instrument Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Md Abdullah Al Masud
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Afzal Husain Khan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wana Yunusu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Won Sik Shin
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Mostafa Mohamed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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2
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Wang K, Holm PE, van Genuchten CM. Alkali Extraction of Arsenic from Groundwater Treatment Sludge: An Essential Initial Step for Arsenic Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11175-11184. [PMID: 38857431 PMCID: PMC11210475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As)-bearing Fe(III) precipitate groundwater treatment sludge has traditionally been viewed by the water sector as a disposal issue rather than a resource opportunity, partly due to assumptions of the low value of As. However, As has now been classified as a Critical Raw Material (CRM) in many regions, providing new incentives to recover As and other useful components of the sludge, such as phosphate (P) and the reactive hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) sorbent. Here, we investigate alkali extraction to separate As from a variety of field and synthetic As-bearing HFO sludges, which is a critical first step to enable sludge upcycling. We found that As extraction was most effective using NaOH, with the As extraction efficiency increasing up to >99% with increasing NaOH concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 M). Extraction with Na2CO3 and Ca(OH)2 was ineffective (<5%). Extraction time (hour, day, week) played a secondary role in As release but tended to be important at lower NaOH concentrations. Little difference in As extraction efficiency was observed for several key variables, including sludge aging time (50 days) and cosorbed oxyanions (e.g., Si, P). However, the presence of ∼10 mass% calcite decreased As release from field and synthetic sludges considerably (<70% As extracted). Concomitant with As release, alkali extraction promoted crystallization of poorly ordered HFO and decreased particle specific surface area, with structural modifications increasing with NaOH concentration and extraction time. Taken together, these results provide essential information to inform and optimize the design of resource recovery methods for As-bearing treatment sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Wang
- Department
of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen1350, Denmark
| | - Peter E. Holm
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg
C, Denmark
| | - Case M. van Genuchten
- Department
of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark
and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen1350, Denmark
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3
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Mullaimalar A, Thanigaiselvan R, Karuppaiyan J, Kiruthika S, Jeyalakshmi R, Albeshr MF. An efficient eco-friendly adsorbent material based on waste copper slag-biomass ash geopolymer: dye sorption capacity and sustainable properties. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:110. [PMID: 38460044 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The primary intent of the research is to comprehensively assess the environmental benefits and cost dynamics associated with the adsorption process of CS-RHA (Copper Slag and Rice Husk Ash) to produce a novel geopolymer adsorbent material for application in wastewater treatment. The geopolymer forms a polyiron sialate network under alkali activation by dissolving fayalite, and aluminium silicate to ferro-ferri silicate hydrate gel. The mechanical strength, leaching characteristics, and microstructure of the geopolymer were determined using XRD and FTIR, and magnetic properties by VSM as well surface properties were derived from BET surface area and zeta potential. Recognizing the critical role of sodium iron silicate hydrate (NFS) in the sorption of methylene blue (MB) dyestuff, batch experiments were carried out using different adsorbents. The results indicated that the dye removal efficiency increased from 60% in control samples (FS) to 98% for the blend (FS1) under different pH values. The data was found to fit with the nonlinear form of Freundlich isotherm and follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. The active adsorption sites were deduced as -O-Fe-O-Si-O-Na and Si-OH groups. The addition of RHA increases the adsorption capacity of the geopolymer in a short time through chemical adsorption. The significant negative surface charge promotes MB adsorption via improved electrostatic attraction. The spent adsorbents were recovered through magnetic separation with a retrieval rate of 80-85% and active sites were rejuvenated by calcination. Consequently, waste copper slag emerges as a promising adsorbent with minimum potential ecological risk and high effective recycling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mullaimalar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Rithikaa Thanigaiselvan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Janani Karuppaiyan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - S Kiruthika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - R Jeyalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Mohammed F Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Sodzidzi Z, Phiri Z, Nure JF, Msagati TAM, de Kock LA. Adsorption of Toxic Metals Using Hydrous Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Hybrid Ion-Exchange Resins. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1168. [PMID: 38473639 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a major environmental problem caused by the release of acidic, toxic, and sulfate-rich water from mining sites. This study aimed to develop novel adsorbents for the removal of chromium (Cr(VI)), cadmium (Cd(II)), and lead (Pb(II)) from simulated and actual AMD using hybrid ion-exchange resins embedded with hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). Two types of resins were synthesized: anionic exchange resin (HAIX-HFO) for Cr(VI) removal and cationic exchange resin (HCIX-HFO) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) removal. The resins were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of HFO particles. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under acidic and sulfate-enhanced conditions to evaluate the adsorption capacity and kinetics of the resins. It was found that both resins exhibited high adsorption efficiencies and fast adsorption rates for their respective metal ions. To explore the potential adsorption on actual AMD, HCIX-HFO demonstrated significant removal of some metal ions. The saturated HCIX-HFO resin was regenerated using NaCl, and a high amount of the adsorbed Cd(II) and Pb(II) was recovered. This study demonstrates that HFO-embedded hybrid ion-exchange resins are promising adsorbents for treating AMD contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizikazi Sodzidzi
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Zebron Phiri
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Jemal Fito Nure
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Lueta-Ann de Kock
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
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5
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Ge X, Fan Y, Zhai H, Chi J, Putnis CV, Wang L, Zhang W. Direct observations of nanoscale brushite dissolution by the concentration-dependent adsorption of phosphate or phytate. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120851. [PMID: 37976955 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development of agricultural intensification, phosphorus (P) accumulation in croplands and sediments has resulted in the increasingly widespread interaction between inorganic and organic P species, which has been, previously, underestimated or even ignored. We quantified the nanoscale dissolution kinetics of sparingly soluble brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O, DCPD) over a broad range of phosphate and/or phytate concentrations by using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). Compared to water, we found that low concentrations of phosphate (1-1000 µM) or phytate (1-100 µM) inhibited brushite dissolution by slowing single step retraction. However, with increasing phosphate or phytate concentrations to 10 mM, there was a reverse effect of dissolution promotion at brushite-water interfaces. In situ observations of the coupled dissolution-reprecipitation showed that phosphate precipitated more readily than phytate on brushite surfaces, with the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). For a fundamental understanding, zeta potential and in situ Raman spectroscopy (RS) revealed that the concentration-dependent dissolution is attributed to the reverse of outer-sphere to inner-sphere adsorption with increasing phosphate or phytate concentrations. In addition, the mineralization of phytate with outer-sphere adsorption by phytase was higher than that with inner-spere adsorption, and the presence of phytate delayed ACP phase transformation to hydroxylapatite (HAP). These in situ observations and analyses may fill the knowledge gaps of interaction between inorganic and organic P species in P-rich terrestrial and aquatic environments, thereby implicating their biogeochemical cycling and the associated availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuke Fan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hang Zhai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Jialin Chi
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany; School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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6
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Gao Y, Ren N, Wang S, Wu Y, Wang X, Li N. Low intensity magnetic separation of vivianite induced by iron reduction on the surface layer of Fe(III)[Fe(0)] iron scrap. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117472. [PMID: 37871790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery through vivianite, which can be found in activated sludge, surplus sludge and digested sludge in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), is a cutting-edge and efficient technology in recent years. However, how to generate and separate vivianite in an effective and economical way with natural iron oxide mineral was still the bottleneck to limit its application. Therefore, in this study, the P recovery efficiency (EP) and vivianite recovery efficiency (EV) of three kinds of iron oxides were investigated. We found that the EP of Akaganeite was 1.83 times and 4.88 times higher than that of Geothite and Hematite. Simultaneously, EV of Akaganeite was 1.64 times and 2.88 times higher than that of Geothite and Hematite. As Akaganeite is main component of rust on the surface of iron scrap, we used Fe(III)[Fe(0)] iron scrap with Fe(0) inside and Akaganeite outside as iron source and electron acceptor for vivianite production and magnetic separation. At the terminal stage (60 day), the P recovery efficiency with 20 g/L Fe(III)[Fe(0)] iron scrap was 36%. Applying a magnetical separator with magnetic field intensity of 0.3 T, vivianite was separated from the solution efficiently and immediately. Low intensity magnetic separation with iron scrap would recover P resources economically with the total cost to be $2.23/kg P, which was much lower than recovery via iron salts. Besides, it provided a significant insights into the P recovery and vivianite separation by reusing Fe waste during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No.92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No.92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No.92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No.92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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7
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Hoppenreijs LJG, Annibal A, Vreeke GJC, Boom RM, Keppler JK. Food proteins from yeast-based precision fermentation: Simple purification of recombinant β-lactoglobulin using polyphosphate. Food Res Int 2024; 176:113801. [PMID: 38163711 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteins produced through precision fermentation are often purified through chromatographic methods. Faster and more cost-effective purification methods are desired for food application. Here, we present a simple method for purification of protein produced from yeast, using β-lactoglobulin secreted from Pichia pastoris as an example. The food-grade salt hexametaphosphate (HMP) was used to precipitate the protein at acidic pH, while the impurities (extracellular polysaccharides; mainly mannan) remained soluble. After re-solubilization of the protein-HMP complex by neutralization, excess HMP was selectively precipitated using calcium chloride. The protein content of the crude sample increased from 26 to 72 wt% (comparable to purification with anion exchange chromatography), containing only residual extracellular polysaccharides (9 wt%) and HMP (1 wt%). The established method had no significant impact on the structural and functional properties (i.e., ability to form emulsions) of the protein. The presented method shows potential for cost-effective purification of recombinant proteins produced through yeast-based expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J G Hoppenreijs
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Annibal
- Formo Bio GmbH, Weismüllerstraße 50, 60314 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G J C Vreeke
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R M Boom
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J K Keppler
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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8
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Zhou S, Gan M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Gu G, Wang Y, Qiu G. ROS formation driven by pyrite-mediated arsenopyrite oxidation and its potential role on arsenic transformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130151. [PMID: 36270187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyrite-mediated arsenopyrite oxidation is an important process affecting arsenic (As) mobility. The iron sulfides-induced reactive oxidation species (ROS) can exert significant influence on As transformation. However, the impact of pyrite-arsenopyrite association on ROS production and its contribution to As transformation were rarely estimated. Here, ROS formation and the redox conversion of As during the interaction between pyrite and arsenopyrite as function of O2, pH and pyrite surface oxidation were investigated. Pyrite promoted arsenopyrite oxidation and As(III) oxidation due to heterogeneous electron transfer. The electron transfer from arsenopyrite facilitated O2 reduction on pyrite surface with increasing ROS formation. Hydroxyl radical (HO˙), superoxide (O2•)- and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were the main reactive species for As(III) oxidation. Iron (hydr)oxides produced from pyrite surface oxidation provided fast electron transfer channels for efficient O2 reduction as evidenced by electrochemical experiment, further verifying the promoted effect of surface-oxidized pyrite (SOP) on arsenopyrite dissolution. However, total As and As(V) obviously decreased during SOP-mediated arsenopyrite oxidation. Iron (hydr)oxides retained appreciable As through adsorption to limit its mobility, and decreased HO˙ production to inhibit As(III) oxidation via decomposing H2O2. This work furthers our understanding of arsenic transformation in the environment which has important implications for mitigating arsenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Min Gan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Heavy Pollution Industrial Wastewater, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yingchun Fang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Heavy Pollution Industrial Wastewater, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Guohua Gu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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9
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Adil S, Kim JO. The effectiveness and adsorption mechanism of iron-carbon nanotube composites for removing phosphate from aqueous environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137629. [PMID: 36565757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study successfully employed iron-carbon nanotubes (Fe-CNT) to recover phosphate (P) from water. We examined the effects of various iron concentrations denoted by Fe-CNT-1 and Fe-CNT-2 on P removal and compared them with pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The adsorption capacity of Fe-CNTs was much better than pristine CNTs. According to the high adsorption capacity, Fe-CNT-2 sample was very effective for P recovery and exhibits ∼7 times higher P removal efficiency than that of pristine CNTs. The characterization of the as-obtained adsorbent (Fe-CNT-2) and pristine CNTs were performed using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, Field emission scanning electron microscope coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy detector (FESEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. Results demonstrated that iron oxide nanoparticles were successfully deposited on the surface of CNT. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies for P removal showed pseudo-second-order rate constants (R2 > 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.99) respectively, thus revealing that the nature of adsorption was chemisorption. The estimated Langmuir adsorption capacity of Fe-CNT-2 was 36.5 mgP/g or 112 mg PO4/g at an equilibrium time of 3 h. The ionic strength provided by SO42-, NO3-, and Cl- demonstrated no considerable influence on phosphate adsorption. Moreover, the P adsorbed Fe-CNT-2 was efficiently recovered with different concentrations of desorbing reagents, such as NaOH and NaCO32-. Moreover, the findings of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrated that OH group played a major role in the P removal by Fe-CNT-2. The findings of this study demonstrate that Fe-CNT-2 had a great deal of application as an effective and stable adsorbent for the P recovery from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawaira Adil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Yan Y, Zhao Y, Gong C, Tao Y, Lu K, Hong X, Xia M, Wang F. In-situ growth of 2D magnesium hydroxide on zirconium-based metal organic frameworks for phosphate removal: An experimental and theoretical exploration of adsorption behavior. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Improvement of As(V) Adsorption by Reduction of Granular to Micro-Sized Ferric Hydroxide. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The remediation of groundwater containing arsenic is a problem that has been addressed using adsorption processes with granulated materials in columns, but the remediation itself could be improved by using micro-sized adsorbents in stirred systems. In this study, arsenate (As(V)) batch adsorption experiments were performed using granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) and two derived micro-sized materials. Reduced-size adsorbents were produced by energetic ball milling, giving final sizes of 0.1–2 µm (OF-M samples) and ultra-sonication, producing final sizes of 2–50 µm (OF-U samples). Equilibrium isotherm studies showed that the Langmuir model was a good fit for the three sorbents, with the highest maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for OF-U and the lowest for OF-M. The adsorption of the two groundwater samples occurred according to the obtained equilibrium isotherms and indicated the absence of interfering agents for the three adsorbents. Batch kinetics tests in stirred beakers followed a pseudo second-order model and indicated that the kinetics of the OF-U sorbent was faster than the kinetics of the GFH sorbent. The tests also showed an increase in the qe values for the reduced-size sorbent. The application of ultrasonication to the GFH produced an increase of 23% in the qmax and b term and an increase of 34-fold for the kinetic constant (k2) in the stirred batch systems tested. These results suggest that this new approach, based on ultra-sonication, has the potential for improving the adsorption of arsenic in groundwater.
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12
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Gkika DA, Mitropoulos AC, Kyzas GZ. Why reuse spent adsorbents? The latest challenges and limitations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153612. [PMID: 35114231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of published reviews over the last few years, the inconsistent data representation in regards to the use of adsorbents in each work, renders the task of comparing them challenging. Disposing the adsorbent may have adverse environmental impact, which should be mitigated through regeneration and reuse processes, such as desorption. This review discusses how the importance of desorption and regeneration equates that of the adsorption stage, and presents various regeneration methods as well as the influencing parameters, advantages, and disadvantages thereof. For the purposes of this work, the adsorbents have been categorized into four groups: (i) graphene, (ii) carbon nanotubes, (iii) activated carbon compounds and (iv) clays and polymer adsorbents as representatives in order to further study their desorption and regeneration abilities, using a variety of desorption media/eluants. The process conditions, such as pH, dose required, concentration, adsorption ability and the cost of the adsorbents were examined for further analysis. The recovery efficiency and ability to get reused through the desorption process was also evaluated. The highest adsorption capacity was observed for graphene-based adsorbents reaching between 108 and >480 mg/g, and for activated carbon materials ranging from 34 to >384 mg/g, whereas carbon nanotubes and polymer-based adsorbents indicated rather low and greatly varying adsorption capacities, between 1 and >138 mg/g and between 7 and >57 mg/g, respectively. Most of the reviewed cases appear to fit the pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic model. These materials have demonstrated a removal effectiveness between 71% and 99%. Overall, all the aforementioned adsorbents share the advantage of being highly reusable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina A Gkika
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece.
| | | | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece.
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13
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Zhang Y, Shan C, Qian J, Pan B. Scenario oriented strategies for phosphorus management by using environmental nanotechnology. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Renewable molybdate complexes encapsulated in anion exchange resin for selective and durable removal of phosphate. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Nazarzadeh Zare E, Mudhoo A, Ali Khan M, Otero M, Bundhoo ZMA, Patel M, Srivastava A, Navarathna C, Mlsna T, Mohan D, Pittman CU, Makvandi P, Sillanpää M. Smart Adsorbents for Aquatic Environmental Remediation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007840. [PMID: 33899324 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A noticeable interest and steady rise in research studies reporting the design and assessment of smart adsorbents for sequestering aqueous metal ions and xenobiotics has occurred in the last decade. This motivates compiling and reviewing the characteristics, potentials, and performances of this new adsorbent generation's metal ion and xenobiotics sequestration. Herein, stimuli-responsive adsorbents that respond to its media (as internal triggers; e.g., pH and temperature) or external triggers (e.g., magnetic field and light) are highlighted. Readers are then introduced to selective adsorbents that selectively capture materials of interest. This is followed by a discussion of self-healing and self-cleaning adsorbents. Finally, the review ends with research gaps in material designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ackmez Mudhoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Moka, 80837, Mauritius
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marta Otero
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Manvendra Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anju Srivastava
- Chemistry Department, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Chanaka Navarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interface, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), NO. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., West High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, P.R. China
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
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16
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Improvement of Phosphate Adsorption Kinetics onto Ferric Hydroxide by Size Reduction. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ball milling and ultra-sonication size reduction procedures were applied to granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) to obtain two micro-sized adsorbents. These two adsorbents and GFH were investigated to improve the removal of phosphates from water. The size reduction procedures, using the milling method, allowed a reduction of size from 0.5–2 mm to 0.1–2 µm and total disaggregation of the GFH structure. Using an ultra-sonication method yielded a final size of 1.9–50.3 µm with partial disaggregation. The Langmuir model correlated well with the isotherms obtained in batch equilibrium tests for the three adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for the milled adsorbent was lower than GFH, but using ultra-sonication was not different from GFH. The equilibrium adsorption of two wastewater samples with phosphate and other anions onto the GFH corresponded well with the expected removal, showing that potential interferences in the isotherms were not important. Batch kinetics tests indicated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the data. Long-term adsorption capacity in kinetics (qe) showed the same trend described for qmax. The application of milling and ultra-sonication methods showed 3.5- and 5.6-fold increases of the kinetic constant (k2) versus the GFH value, respectively. These results showed that ultra-sonication is a very good procedure to increase the adsorption rate of phosphate, maintaining qe and increasing k2.
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Gao X, Qian J, Pan B. Structural Evolution of Lanthanum Hydroxides during Long-Term Phosphate Mitigation: Effect of Nanoconfinement. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:665-676. [PMID: 33347310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La)-based materials are effective in removing phosphate (P) from water to prevent eutrophication. Compared to their bulky analogues, La(OH)3 nanoparticles exhibit a higher P removal efficiency and a more stable P removal ability when spatially confined inside the host. Consequently, the understanding of the nanoconfinement effects on the long-term evolution of La-P structures is crucial for their practical use in P sequestration and recycle, which, however, is still missing. Here, we describe an attempt to explore the evolution of La-P structures, the P environment, and the status of La(OH)3 nanoparticles confined in the nanopores of the D201 resin, compared to a nonconfined analogue, over a P adsorption period of 25 days in both simulated wastewater and the real bioeffluent. A combinative use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), cross-polarization nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques confirms the transition from La-P inner-sphere complexation to the formation of LaPO4·xH2O and finally to LaPO4 in both samples. Interestingly, the rate of structural transformation in the real bioeffluent is substantially reduced. Nevertheless, in both conditions, nanoconfinement results in a much faster rate and larger extent of the structural transition. Moreover, nanoconfinement also facilitates the reverse transformation of stable LaPO4 back to La(OH)3. Our work provides the scientific basis of nanoconfinement for the preferable use of La-based nanocomposites in P mitigation, immobilization, and recycle application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minglu Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jieshu Qian
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Pan S, Zhang X, Zhang W, Pan B. Utilization of gel-type polystyrene host for immobilization of nano-sized hydrated zirconium oxides: A new strategy for enhanced phosphate removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127938. [PMID: 32829222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The urgent need for eutrophication control motivated the development of many novel adsorbents for enhanced phosphate polishing removal. Among these, zirconium-based nanomaterial was regarded as an effective kind because of its ability to bind phosphate specifically via inner-sphere complexation. In this study, we proposed a new strategy to improve the efficiency of zirconium oxides (HZO) nanoparticles by immobilizing them onto a gel-type anion exchange resin covalently attached with ammonium groups, denoted as HZO@N201. A previously developed macro-porous polymeric nanocomposite HZO@D201 was used for comparison. The immobilized nanoparticles in HZO@N201 were well dispersed in the gel matrix, manifesting smaller particle size and richer surface hydroxyl groups in comparison to HZO@D201. As a result of the structural merits in collective, HZO@N201 not only exhibited superior phosphate adsorptive capacity and affinity towards phosphate to HZO@D201, but also facilitate phosphate diffusion, based on isotherm, pH and kinetic tests. Mechanistic study by XPS and 31P SS-NMR substantiated the selective phosphate adsorption pathway as the formation of inner-sphere complexes by HZO@N201, which exhibited enhanced reactivity than HZO@D201. Lastly, fixed-bed runs of HZO@N201 was conducted, achieving an effective treatable volume of 2000 BV, which was 600 BV more than HZO@D201. Additional adsorption-regeneration cycle confirmed its reusability and potential for practical application. We believe the gel-type polymeric host could facilitate the formation and dispersion of smaller sized nanoparticles, exposing more surface hydroxyl groups highly accessible to phosphate. The results of this paper offer insights to a new strategy for immobilization of functional nanoparticles aiming at enhanced adsorptive removal of phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Siyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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He J, Yang Y, Xu Y, Wang Z, Xu B, Huang Y, Yang L. La(OH) 3 nano-rods/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers: fabrication, characterization and application for phosphate removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2098-2113. [PMID: 33263587 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an excellent phosphate adsorbent was prepared for removing phosphate to an extremely low concentration. The La(OH)3 nano-rods stabilizing in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (PLNFs) were prepared by electrospinning and a subsequent in situ precipitation. PAN nanofibers were employed as the matrix of the composite nanofibers, where the well-dispersed La(OH)3 nano-rods were encapsulated as the active species for highly efficient phosphate capture owing to the strong binding between phosphate and lanthanum. On account of the nano-structure, the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity was 151.98 mg P/g (La), much higher than the result of La(OH)3 nano-crystal, produced by precipitation without PAN or any organic surfactants. Moreover, the PLNFs could remove phosphate (2 mg P/L) to an extremely low concentration within 20 min, which could lead to a nutrient deficient condition to protect water quality and ecosystem. The optimization of PLNFs design was implemented through parameter adjustment of electrospinning. Lanthanum salt content, humidity, concentration of solution and applied voltage were chosen to analyze the influences on the composition, diameter and morphology of the nanofibers, giving the result that the most effective adsorbent was the PLNFs with spider-web-like nano-structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojie He
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China E-mail:
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China E-mail:
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China E-mail:
| | - Zichuan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China E-mail:
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China E-mail:
| | - Yuheng Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China E-mail:
| | - Liwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710061, China E-mail:
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20
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Sonoda A, Makita Y, Sugiura Y, Ogata A, Suh C, Lee JH, Ooi K. Influence of coexisting calcium ions during on-column phosphate adsorption and desorption with granular ferric oxide. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Qian J, Gao X, Pan B. Nanoconfinement-Mediated Water Treatment: From Fundamental to Application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8509-8526. [PMID: 32511915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Safe and clean water is of pivotal importance to all living species and the ecosystem on earth. However, the accelerating economy and industrialization of mankind generate water pollutants with much larger quantity and higher complexity than ever before, challenging the efficacy of traditional water treatment technologies. The flourishing researches on nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in the past decade have generated new understandings on many fundamental processes and brought revolutionary upgrades to various traditional technologies in almost all areas, including water treatment. An indispensable step toward the real application of nanomaterials in water treatment is to confine them in large processable substrate to address various inherent issues, such as spontaneous aggregation, difficult operation and potential environmental risks. Strikingly, when the size of the spatial restriction provided by the substrate is on the order of only one or several nanometers, referred to as nanoconfinement, the phase behavior of matter and the energy diagram of a chemical reaction could be utterly changed. Nevertheless, the relationship between such changes under nanoconfinement and their implications for water treatment is rarely elucidated systematically. In this Critical Review, we will briefly summarize the current state-of-the-art of the nanomaterials, as well as the nanoconfined analogues (i.e., nanocomposites) developed for water treatment. Afterward, we will put emphasis on the effects of nanoconfinement from three aspects, that is, on the structure and behavior of water molecules, on the formation (e.g., crystallization) of confined nanomaterials, and on the nanoenabled chemical reactions. For each aspect, we will build the correlation between the nanoconfinement effects and the current studies for water treatment. More importantly, we will make proposals for future studies based on the missing links between some of the nanoconfinement effects and the water treatment technologies. Through this Critical Review, we aim to raise the research attention on using nanoconfinement as a fundamental guide or even tool to advance water treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshu Qian
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 China
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Development of a Regeneration Technique for Aluminum-Rich and Iron-Rich Phosphorus Sorption Materials. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of dissolved phosphorus (P) transport to water systems is of critical importance for water quality. Phosphorus sorption materials (PSMs) are media with high affinity for dissolved P, and therefore serve as the core components of P removal structures. These structures can intercept dissolved P in surface and subsurface flows, before discharge into water bodies. While the P removal ability of PSMs has been extensively studied, lesser is known about the capacity to regenerate and recover P from P-saturated PSMs. This article evaluates a methodology to recover the P removal ability of aluminum- and iron-rich P-saturated PSMs. A series of flow-through experiments were conducted, alternating between P sorption (0.5 and 50 mg L − 1 P) and desorption with potassium hydroxide (KOH; 5 or 20 pore volumes [PV]), varying residence times (0.5 min and 10 min), and number of recirculations (0, 6 and 24). Across two cycles of sorption-desorption, Alcan, Biomax and PhosRedeem showed an average P recovery of 81%, 79%, and 7%, with standard deviation of 10%, 21% and 6%, respectively. The most effective regeneration treatment was characterized by the largest KOH volume (20 PV) and no recirculation, with up to 100% reported P recovery. Although KOH at 5 PV was less effective, the use of recirculation did increase P recovery. The lifetime of Al/Fe-dominated PSMs in P removal structures can be extended through feasible regeneration techniques demonstrated in this study, for both high and low P concentration scenarios.
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Wu B, Wan J, Zhang Y, Pan B, Lo IMC. Selective Phosphate Removal from Water and Wastewater using Sorption: Process Fundamentals and Removal Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:50-66. [PMID: 31804806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of water bodies is a serious and widespread environmental problem. Achieving low levels of phosphate concentration to prevent eutrophication is one of the important goals of the wastewater engineering and surface water management. Meeting the increasingly stringent standards is feasible in using a phosphate-selective sorption system. This critical review discusses the most fundamental aspects of selective phosphate removal processes and highlights gains from the latest developments of phosphate-selective sorbents. Selective sorption of phosphate over other competing anions can be achieved based on their differences in acid-base properties, geometric shapes, and metal complexing abilities. Correspondingly, interaction mechanisms between the phosphate and sorbent are categorized as hydrogen bonding, shape complementarity, and inner-sphere complexation, and their representative sorbents are organic-functionalized materials, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal-based materials, respectively. Dominating factors affecting the phosphate sorption performance of these sorbents are critically examined, along with a discussion of some overlooked facts regarding the development of high-performance sorbents for selective phosphate removal from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baile Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Ajmal Z, Muhmood A, Dong R, Wu S. Probing the efficiency of magnetically modified biomass-derived biochar for effective phosphate removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 253:109730. [PMID: 31665689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the driving forces for effective and economical phosphate (PO43-) removal from wastewater by using magnetically modified biochar was performed in this study. The biochar produced from slow pyrolysis of local agricultural biomass (wood and rice husks) were magnetically modified by co-precipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in their presence. The surface characteristics before and after modification and their efficacy for PO43- sorption, and desorption were compared. Results show that, even though magnetic biochar surface modification slightly decreased their surface area, PO43- adsorption to the modified biochars was almost double (25-28 mg g-1) than that to the raw biochar (12-15 mg g-1). The adsorption isotherm of raw biochars was better simulated via the Langmuir model, while that of modified biochars was better fitted to the Freundlich model. Moreover, the integrated analysis by XRD, EDX, and FTIR show that PO43- sorption to modified biochars could be attributed to the simultaneously-occurring electrostatic attraction, surface precipitation, and ligand exchange. While the electrostatic attraction was dominant in the presence of unmodified biochars. The regenerated modified biochars retained substantial PO43- adsorption capacity up to several regeneration cycles. Their high reusability potential leads to the effective and economical phosphate recovery and thus modified biochars could offer a viable strategy for PO43- removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Atif Muhmood
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Shemer H, Armush A, Semiat R. Reusability of iron oxyhydroxide agglomerates adsorbent for repetitive phosphate removal. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kumar PS, Korving L, van Loosdrecht MC, Witkamp GJ. Adsorption as a technology to achieve ultra-low concentrations of phosphate: Research gaps and economic analysis. WATER RESEARCH X 2019; 4:100029. [PMID: 31334493 PMCID: PMC6614603 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication and the resulting formation of harmful algal blooms (HAB) causes huge economic and environmental damages. Phosphorus (P) from sewage effluent and agricultural run-off has been identified as a major cause for eutrophication. Phosphorous concentrations greater than 100 μg P/L are usually considered high enough to cause eutrophication. The strictest regulations however aim to restrict the concentration below 10 μg P/L. Orthophosphate (or phosphate) is the bioavailable form of phosphorus. Adsorption is often suggested as technology to reduce phosphate to concentrations less than 100 and even 10 μg P/L with the advantages of a low-footprint, minimal waste generation and the option to recover the phosphate. Although many studies report on phosphate adsorption, there is insufficient information regarding parameters that are necessary to evaluate its application on a large scale. This review discusses the main parameters that affect the economics of phosphate adsorption and highlights the research gaps. A scenario and sensitivity analysis shows the importance of adsorbent regeneration and reuse. The cost of phosphate adsorption using reusable porous metal oxide is in the range of $ 100 to 200/Kg P for reducing the phosphate to ultra-low concentrations. Future research needs to focus on adsorption capacity at low phosphate concentrations, regeneration and reuse of both the adsorbent and the regeneration liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Suresh Kumar
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Department of Biotechnology, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Leon Korving
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Witkamp
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Zhang Y, She X, Gao X, Shan C, Pan B. Unexpected Favorable Role of Ca 2+ in Phosphate Removal by Using Nanosized Ferric Oxides Confined in Porous Polystyrene Beads. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:365-372. [PMID: 30481471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene-based nanoferric oxide composite is a representative nanomaterial successfully applied in scale-up water decontamination for arsenic and phosphorus. However, little is available on the effect of solution chemistry (for instance, the coexisting Ca2+) on the long-term performance of the nanocomposite. In this study, we carried out 20 cyclic runs of phosphate adsorption-desorption on a polymer-supported ferric nanocomposite HFO@201. Unexpectedly, an enhanced phosphate removal was observed in the presence of Ca2+, which is quite different from its adverse effect on phosphate capture by granular ferric oxide. Further mechanistic studies revealed that enhanced phosphate removal was mainly realized via the Ca-P coprecipitation inside the networking pores of HFO@201 as well as the possible formation of the multiple Fe-P-Ca-P complex. The complex formation led to a distinct increase in P adsorption, and the coprecipitation, driven by the accumulated OH- in confined pores during phosphate adsorption and alkaline regeneration, favored P removal via the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and hydroxyapatite inside. TEM-EDS spectra indicated that coprecipitation did not occur on the surface of loaded nano-HFO, greatly mitigating its adverse effect on P adsorption on the surface of nano-HFO. Fixed-bed column study showed that the presence of Ca2+ increased the effective treatable volume of HFO@201 toward P-containing influents by ∼70%. This study is believed to shed new insights into the effect of solution chemistry on similar nanocomposites for advanced water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT) , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xinwei She
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT) , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT) , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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28
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Lin J, He S, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhan Y. Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by a novel Mg(OH)2/ZrO2 composite: Adsorption behavior and mechanism. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Suresh Kumar P, Ejerssa WW, Wegener CC, Korving L, Dugulan AI, Temmink H, van Loosdrecht MCM, Witkamp GJ. Understanding and improving the reusability of phosphate adsorbents for wastewater effluent polishing. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:365-374. [PMID: 30172219 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate is a vital nutrient for life but its discharge from wastewater effluents can lead to eutrophication. Adsorption can be used as effluent polishing step to reduce phosphate to very low concentrations. Adsorbent reusability is an important parameter to make the adsorption process economically feasible. This implies that the adsorbent can be regenerated and used over several cycles without appreciable performance decline. In the current study, we have studied the phosphate adsorption and reusability of commercial iron oxide based adsorbents for wastewater effluent. Effects of adsorbent properties like particle size, surface area, type of iron oxide, and effects of some competing ions were determined. Moreover the effects of regeneration methods, which include an alkaline desorption step and an acid wash step, were studied. It was found that reducing the adsorbent particle size increased the phosphate adsorption of porous adsorbents significantly. Amongst all the other parameters, calcium had the greatest influence on phosphate adsorption and adsorbent reusability. Phosphate adsorption was enhanced by co-adsorption of calcium, but calcium formed surface precipitates such as calcium carbonate. These surface precipitates affected the adsorbent reusability and needed to be removed by implementing an acid wash step. The insights from this study are useful in designing optimal regeneration procedures and improving the lifetime of phosphate adsorbents used for wastewater effluent polishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Suresh Kumar
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Wondesen Workneh Ejerssa
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Carita Clarissa Wegener
- Chair for Mechanical Process Engineering / Water Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Leon Korving
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
| | - Achim Iulian Dugulan
- Fundamental Aspects of Materials and Energy Group, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Witkamp
- Department of Biotechnology, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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30
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Li S, Cooke RA, Huang X, Christianson L, Bhattarai R. Evaluation of fly ash pellets for phosphorus removal in a laboratory scale denitrifying bioreactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 207:269-275. [PMID: 29179116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and orthophosphate from agricultural activities contribute significantly to nutrient loading in surface water bodies around the world. This study evaluated the efficacy of woodchips and fly ash pellets in tandem to remove nitrate and orthophosphate from simulated agricultural runoff in flow-through tests. The fly ash pellets had previously been developed specifically for orthophosphate removal for this type of application, and the sorption bench testing showed a good promise for flow-through testing. The lab-scale horizontal-flow bioreactor used in this study consisted of an upstream column filled with woodchips followed by a downstream column filled with fly ash pellets (3 and 1 m lengths, respectively; both 0.15 m diameter). Using influent concentrations of 12 mg/L nitrate and 5 mg/L orthophosphate, the woodchip bioreactor section was able to remove 49-85% of the nitrate concentration at three hydraulic retention times ranging from 0.67 to 4.0 h. The nitrate removal rate for woodchips ranged from 40 to 49 g N/m3/d. Higher hydraulic retention times (i.e., smaller flow rates) corresponded with greater nitrate load reduction. The fly ash pellets showed relatively stable removal efficiency of 68-75% across all retention times. Total orthophosphate adsorption by the pellets was 0.059-0.114 mg P/g which was far less than the saturated capacity (1.69 mg/g; based on previous work). The fly ash pellets also removed some nitrate and the woodchips also removed some orthophosphate, but these reductions were not significant. Overall, woodchip denitrification followed by fly ash pellet P-sorption can be an effective treatment technology for nitrate and phosphate removal in subsurface drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave #338, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Richard A Cooke
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave #338, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Laura Christianson
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, AW-101 Turner Hall, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rabin Bhattarai
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave #338, Urbana IL 61801, USA.
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31
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Li S, Cooke RA, Wang L, Ma F, Bhattarai R. Characterization of fly ash ceramic pellet for phosphorus removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 189:67-74. [PMID: 28011428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus has been recognized as a leading pollutant for surface water quality deterioration. In the Midwestern USA, subsurface drainage not only provides a pathway for excess water to leave the field but it also drains out nutrients like nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Fly ash has been identified as one of the viable materials for phosphorus removal from contaminated waters. In this study, a ceramic pellet was manufactured using fly ash for P absorption. Three types of pellet with varying lime and clay proportions by weight (type 1: 10% lime + 30% clay, type 2: 20% lime + 20% clay, and type 3: 30% lime + 10% clay) were characterized and evaluated for absorption efficiency. The result showed that type 3 pellet (60% fly ash with 30% lime and 10% clay) had the highest porosity (14%) and absorption efficiency and saturated absorption capacity (1.98 mg P/g pellet) compared to type 1 and 2 pellets. The heavy metal leaching was the least (30 μg/L of chromium after 5 h) for type 3 pellet compared to other two. The microcosmic structure of pellet from scanning electron microscope showed the type 3 pellet had the better distribution of aluminum and iron oxide on the surface compared other two pellets. This result indicates that addition of lime and clay can improve P absorption capacity of fly ash while reducing the potential to reduce chromium leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Li
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana IL, 61801, USA; State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 HuangHe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Richard A Cooke
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana IL, 61801, USA
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 HuangHe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Lab Urban Water Resource & Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73 HuangHe Road, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Rabin Bhattarai
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 1304 W Pennsylvania Ave, Urbana IL, 61801, USA.
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32
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Li Y, Li Z, Xu F, Zhang W. Superconducting magnetic separation of phosphate using freshly formed hydrous ferric oxide sols. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:377-384. [PMID: 27241800 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1195449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic materials, such as ferric hydroxides, which are cost-effective and highly-efficient, have been little studied in relation to the magnetic separation process. In this study, freshly formed hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) sols were used to remove aqueous phosphate, followed by superconducting magnetic separation. The magnetization of HFO was determined to be 5.7 emu/g in 5.0 T. The particle size distributions ranged from 1 to 80 μm. Ferrihydrite was the primary mineral phase according to XRD analysis. Dissolved P (DP) was first adsorbed on HFO, and second, the P-containing HFO were separated by high gradient superconducting magnetic separation (HGSMS) to remove the Total P (TP). To obtain a P concentration of <0.05 mg/l in the effluent, 0.3, 1.0 and 1.3 g/l HFO were added to 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/l P solutions. The capacity of the HGSMS canister for capturing P-adsorbed HFO depends on the magnetic intensity and flow rate. In the 5.0 T HGSMS at a 1.0 cm/s flow rate, there were 75 column volumes in a single HGSMS cycle. The P concentration increased by 37.5 times after regeneration. Approximately 170 mg/l TP was measured in the backwash water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment , East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
- b Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering , East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- b Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering , East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Xu
- c School of Electrical Engineering and Automation , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Nuclear Resources and Environment , East China Institute of Technology , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
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33
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Iiu Y, Lv J, Jin W, Zhao Y. Defluoridation by rice spike-like akaganeite anchored graphene oxide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluoride remediation rate was greatly enhanced by β-FeOOH dispersing on Grephene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Iiu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jiaxin Lv
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
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