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Ooi GTH, Tang K, Chhetri RK, Kaarsholm KMS, Sundmark K, Kragelund C, Litty K, Christensen A, Lindholst S, Sund C, Christensson M, Bester K, Andersen HR. Biological removal of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater in a pilot-scale staged moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) utilising nitrifying and denitrifying processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:677-687. [PMID: 30071459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater contains high concentrations of pharmaceuticals, which pose risks to receiving waters. In this study, a pilot plant consisting of six moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) in series (with the intention to integrate Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) removal, nitrification and denitrification as well as prepolishing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) for ozonation) was built to integrate pharmaceutical removal and intermittent feeding of the latter reactors aimed for micropollutant removal. Based on the experimental resultss, nitrifying MBBRs achieved higher removal as compared to denitrifying MBBRs except for azithromycin, clarithromycin, diatrizoic acid, propranolol and trimethoprim. In the batch experiments, nitrifying MBBRs showed the ability to remove most of the analysed pharmaceuticals, with degradation rate constants ranging from 5.0 × 10-3 h-1 to 2.6 h-1. In general, the highest degradation rate constants were observed in the nitrifying MBBRs while the latter MBBRs showed lower degradation rate constant. However, when the degradation rate constants were normalised to the respective biomass, the intermittently fed reactors presented the highest specific activity. Out of the 22 compounds studied, 17 compounds were removed with more than 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T H Ooi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Institute of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ravi K Chhetri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kamilla M S Kaarsholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim Sundmark
- Krüger Veolia, Gladsaxevej 262, 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kragelund
- Department of Water and Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Litty
- Department of Water and Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alice Christensen
- Department of Water and Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sabine Lindholst
- Department of Water and Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Kongsvang Alle 29, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Magnus Christensson
- Veolia Water Technologies AnoxKaldnes, Klosterängsvägen 11A, SE-226 47 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kai Bester
- Institute of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgsvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik R Andersen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Bottoni P, Caroli S. Presence of residues and metabolites of pharmaceuticals in environmental compartments, food commodities and workplaces: A review spanning the three-year period 2014–2016. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Meyer W, Reich M, Beier S, Behrendt J, Gulyas H, Otterpohl R. Measured and predicted environmental concentrations of carbamazepine, diclofenac, and metoprolol in small and medium rivers in northern Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:487. [PMID: 27465046 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of secondary municipal effluent discharge on carbamazepine, diclofenac, and metoprolol concentrations in small and medium rivers in northern Germany and compared the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) to the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) calculated with four well-established models. During a 1-year sampling period, secondary effluent grab samples were collected at four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) together with grab samples from the receiving waters upstream and downstream from the wastewater discharge points. The carbamazepine, diclofenac, and metoprolol concentrations were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS) after solid phase extraction. In the secondary effluents, 84-790 ng/L carbamazepine, 395-2100 ng/L diclofenac, and 745-5000 ng/L metoprolol were detected. The carbamazepine, diclofenac, and metoprolol concentrations analyzed in the rivers downstream from the secondary effluent discharge sites ranged from <5 to 68, 370, and 520 ng/L, respectively. Most of the downstream pharmaceutical concentrations were markedly higher than the corresponding upstream concentrations. The impact of wastewater discharge on the MECs in rivers downstream from the WWTPs was clearly demonstrated, but the correlations of the MECs with dilution factors were poor. The smallest rivers exhibited the largest maximum MECs and the widest ranges of MECs downstream from the wastewater discharge point. Three of the four tested models were conservative, as they showed higher PECs than the MECs in the rivers downstream from the WWTPs. However, the most detailed model underestimated the diclofenac concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibke Meyer
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Margrit Reich
- Central Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 38, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Silvio Beier
- PFI Planungsgemeinschaft GbR, Am Werder 1, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Behrendt
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Gulyas
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Otterpohl
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Str. 42, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
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