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Zhang ZH, Zheng JW, Liu SF, Hao TB, Yang WD, Li HY, Wang X. Impact of butylparaben on growth dynamics and microcystin-LR production in Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119291. [PMID: 38823607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The presence of butylparaben (BP), a prevalent pharmaceutical and personal care product, in surface waters has raised concerns regarding its impact on aquatic ecosystems. Despite its frequent detection, the toxicity of BP to the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa remains poorly understood. This study investigates the influence of BP on the growth and physiological responses of M. aeruginosa. Results indicate that low concentrations of BP (below 2.5 mg/L) have negligible effects on M. aeruginosa growth, whereas higher concentrations (5 mg/L and 10 mg/L) lead to significant growth inhibition. This inhibition is attributed to the severe disruption of photosynthesis, evidenced by decreased Fv/Fm values and chlorophyll a content. BP exposure also triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes. Excessive ROS generation stimulates the production of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Furthermore, lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage indicate that high BP concentrations cause cell membrane rupture, facilitating the release of MC-LR into the environment. Transcriptome analysis reveals that BP disrupts energy metabolic processes, particularly affecting genes associated with photosynthesis, carbon fixation, electron transport, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These findings underscore the profound physiological impact of BP on M. aeruginosa and highlight its role in stimulating the production and release of MC-LR, thereby amplifying environmental risks in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Si-Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ting-Bin Hao
- College of Synthetic Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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2
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Shen Z, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Sun X, Kong B, Fu W, Yang Z, Shan C, Pan B. Lanthanum-modified pyroaurite as a geoengineering tool to simultaneously sink Microcystis cyanobacteria and immobilize phosphorus in eutrophic water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172878. [PMID: 38697541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Excessive phosphorus (P) in eutrophic water induces cyanobacterial blooms that aggravate the burden of in-situ remediation measures. In order to ensure better ecological recovery, Flock & Lock technique has been developed to simultaneously sink cyanobacteria and immobilize P but requires a combination of flocculent and P inactivation agent. Here we synthesized a novel lanthanum-modified pyroaurite (LMP), as an alternative for Flock & Lock of cyanobacteria and phosphorus at the background of rich humic acid and suspended solids. LMP shows a P adsorption capacity of 36.0 mg/g and nearly 100 % removal of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), turbidity, UV254 and P at a dosage (0.3 g/L) much lower than the commercial analogue (0.5 g/L). The resultant sediment (98.2 % as immobile P) exhibits sound stability without observable release of P or re-growth of cyanobacteria over a 50-day incubation period. The use of LMP also constrains the release of toxic microcystins to 1.4 μg/L from the sunk cyanobacterial cells, outperforming the commonly used polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Similar Flock & Lock efficiency could also be achieved in real eutrophic water. The outstanding Flock & Lock performance of LMP is attributable to the designed La modification. During LMP treatment, La acts as not only a P binder by formation of LaPO4, but also a coagulant to create a synergistic effect with pyroaurite. The controlled hydrolysis of surface La(III) over pyroaurite aided the possible formation of La(III)-pyroaurite networking structure, which significantly enhanced the Flock & Lock process through adsorption, charge neutralization, sweep flocculation and entrapment. In the end, the preliminary economic analysis is performed. The results demonstrate that LMP is a versatile and cost-effective agent for in-situ remediation of eutrophic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xudong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wanyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhichao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Wang L, Al-Dhabi NA, Huang X, Luan Z, Tang W, Xu Z, Xu W. Suitability of inorganic coagulants for algae-laden water treatment: Trade-off between algae removal and cell viability, aggregate properties and coagulant residue. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134314. [PMID: 38640668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic coagulants could effectively precipitate algae cells but might increase the potential risks of cell damage and coagulant residue. This study was conducted to critically investigate the suitability of polyaluminum (PAC), FeCl3 and TiCl4 for algae-laden water treatment in terms of the trade-off between algal substance removal, cell viability, and coagulant residue. The results showed that an appropriate increase in coagulant dosage contributed to better coagulation performance but severe cell damage and a higher risk of intracellular organic matter (IOM) release. TiCl4 was the most destructive, resulting in 60.85% of the algal cells presenting membrane damage after coagulation. Intense hydrolysis reaction of Ti salts was favorable for the formation of larger and more elongated, dendritic structured flocs than Al and Fe coagulants. TiCl4 exhibited the lowest residue level and remained in the effluents mainly in colloidal form. The study also identified charge neutralization, chemisorption, enmeshment, and complexation as the dominant mechanisms for algae water coagulation by metal coagulants. Overall, this study provides the trade-off analyses between maximizing algae substance removal and minimizing potential damage to cell integrity and is practically valuable to develop the most suitable and feasible technique for algae-laden water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Luan
- Jinan Environmental Research Institute, 25th Floor, Xinsheng Building, No. 1299 Xinluo Street, Jinan 250000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wangwang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, No. 8 Lushan South Road, Changsha 410082, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang Western Road, Jinan 250022, Shandong, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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4
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Yang X, Wang S, Pi K, Ge H, Zhang S, Gerson AR. Coagulation as an effective method for cyanobacterial bloom control: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11002. [PMID: 38403998 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Eutrophication, the over-enrichment with nutrients, for example, nitrogen and phosphorus, of ponds, reservoirs and lakes, is an urgent water quality issue. The most notorious symptom of eutrophication is a massive proliferation of cyanobacteria, which cause aquatic organism death, impair ecosystem and harm human health. The method considered to be most effective to counteract eutrophication is to reduce external nutrient inputs. However, merely controlling external nutrient load is insufficient to mitigate eutrophication. Consequently, a rapid diminishing of cyanobacterial blooms is relied on in-lake intervention, which may encompass a great variety of different approaches. Coagulation/flocculation is the most used and important water purification unit. Since cyanobacterial cells generally carry negative charges, coagulants are added to water to neutralize the negative charges on the surface of cyanobacteria, causing them to destabilize and precipitate. Most of cyanobacteria and their metabolites can be removed simultaneously. However, when cyanobacterial density is high, sticky secretions distribute outside cells because of the small size of cyanobacteria. The sticky secretions are easily to form complex colloids with coagulants, making it difficult for cyanobacteria to destabilize and resulting in unsatisfactory treatment effects of coagulation on cyanobacteria. Therefore, various coagulants and coagulation methods were developed. In this paper, the focus is on the coagulation of cyanobacteria as a promising tool to manage eutrophication. Basic principles, applications, pros and cons of chemical, physical and biological coagulation are reviewed. In addition, the application of coagulation in water treatment is discussed. It is the aim of this review article to provide a significant reference for large-scale governance of cyanobacterial blooms. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Flocculation was a promising tool for controlling cyanobacteria blooms. Basic principles of four kinds of flocculation methods were elucidated. Flocculant was important in the flocculation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kewu Pi
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Technology and Equipment for Water Environment Pollution Monitoring, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Ge
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrea R Gerson
- Blue Minerals Consultancy, Wattle Grove, Tasmania, Australia
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Wang X, Luo Y, Zhang S, Zhou L. Acetylacetone effectively controlled the secondary metabolites of Microcystis aeruginosa under simulated sunlight irradiation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:285-295. [PMID: 37778804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of cyanobacterial cells and simultaneous control of secondary metabolites is of significant necessity for the treatment of cyanobacteria-laden water. Acetylacetone (AcAc) has been reported a specific algicide to inactivate Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and an effective light activator to degrade pollutants. This study systematically investigated the photodegradation ability of AcAc under xenon (Xe) irradiation on the secondary metabolites of M. aeruginosa, mainly algal organic matter (AOM), especially toxic microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Results showed that AcAc outperformed H2O2 in destructing the protein-like substances, humic acid-like matters, aromatic proteins and fulvic-like substances of AOM. For MC-LR (250 µg/L), 0.05 mmol/L AcAc attained the same degradation efficiency (87.0%) as 0.1 mmol/L H2O2. The degradation mechanism of Xe/AcAc might involve photo-induced energy/electron transfer and formation of carbon center radicals. Alkaline conditions (pH > 9.0) were detrimental to the photoactivity of AcAc, corresponding to the observed degradation rate constant (k1 value) of MC-LR drastically decreasing to 0.0013 min-1 as solution pH exceeded 9.0. The PO43- and HCO3- ions had obvious inhibition effects, whereas NO3- slightly improved k1 value from 0.0277 min-1 to 0.0321 min-1. The presence of AOM did not significantly inhibit MC-LR degradation in Xe/AcAc system. In addition, the biological toxicity of MC-LR was greatly reduced after photoreaction. These results demonstrated that AcAc was an alternative algicidal agent to effectively inactivate algal cells and simultaneously control the secondary metabolites after cell lysis. Nevertheless, the concentration and irradiation conditions should be further optimized in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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6
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Wang Q, Liu W, Zeb A, Lian Y, Shi R, Li J, Zheng Z. Toxicity effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and arsenite on Microcystis aeruginosa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162496. [PMID: 36863597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing research on the fate of nanoplastics (NPs, <100 nm) in freshwater systems, little is known about the joint toxic effects of metal(loid)s and NPs modified with different functional groups on microalgae. Here, we explored the joint toxic effects of two types of polystyrene NPs [one modified with a sulfonic acid group (PSNPs-SO3H), and one without this functional group (PSNPs)] and arsenic (As) on the microalgae Microcystis aeruginosa. The results highlighted that PSNPs-SO3H showed a smaller hydrodynamic diameter and greater potential to adsorb positively charged ions than PSNPs, contributing to the more severe growth inhibition, while both of them produced oxidative stress. Metabolomics further revealed that the fatty acid metabolism of the microalgae was significantly up-regulated under both NPs exposure, while PSNPs-SO3H down-regulated the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) of the microalgae. As uptake by algae was significantly reduced by 82.58 % and 59.65 % in the presence of 100 mg/L PSNPs and PSNPs-SO3H, respectively. The independent action model showed that the joint toxicity of both NPs with As was assessed as antagonistic. In addition, PSNPs and PSNPs-SO3H had dissimilar effects on the composition of the microalgae extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), resulting in different uptake and adsorption of As, thereby affecting the physiology and biochemistry of algae. Overall, our findings propose that the specific properties of NPs should be considered in future environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Aurang Zeb
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruiying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Lee B, Kang H, Oh HC, Ahn J, Park S, Yun SL, Kim S. Long-Term Examination of Water Chemistry Changes Following Treatment of Cyanobacterial Bloom with Coagulants and Minerals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13577. [PMID: 36294157 PMCID: PMC9603139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The abundant growth in cyanobacterial blooms poses severe ecological threats with a high risk to aquatic organisms and global public health. Control of cyanobacterial blooms involves spraying cyanobacteria removal materials, including coagulants. However, little is known about the fate of the coagulated-cyanobacteria-laden water. Here, we examined long-term changes in water quality following treatment with various coagulants and minerals for cyanobacterial removal when the coagulated cyanobacterial cells were not removed from the water. An experiment in a controlled water system tested the effects of six different compounds, one conventional coagulant, two natural inorganic coagulants, and three minerals. All tested coagulants and minerals exhibited >75% of cyanobacterial removal efficiency. However, compared to the control, higher concentrations of nitrogen were observed from some samples treated during the experimental period. After 20 months, the final total phosphorus concentration of the raw water increased 20-fold compared to the initial concentration to 11.82 mg/L, indicating significant nutrient release over time. Moreover, we observed that the decomposition of sedimented cyanobacterial cells caused the release of intracellular contents into the supernatant, increasing phosphorous concentration over time. Therefore, cyanobacterial cells should be removed from water after treatment to prevent eutrophication and maintain water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokjin Lee
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Korea
| | - Heejun Kang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Korea
| | - Hye-cheol Oh
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Korea
| | - Jaehwan Ahn
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Korea
| | - Saerom Park
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Korea
| | - Sang-Leen Yun
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Korea
| | - Seogku Kim
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Korea
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8
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Guo K, Wang Z, Pan J, Liu B, Wang Y, Yue Q, Gao Y, Gao B. Highly efficient Al-Ti gel as a coagulant for surface water treatment: Insights into the hydrolysate transformation and coagulation mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118826. [PMID: 35834971 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In view of the insufficient coagulation efficiency of traditional inorganic coagulants, a series of Al-Ti gels with different Ti/triethanolamine (TEA), Ti/H2O, and Ti/Al molar ratios were prepared by sol-gel process in this study. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the Al-Ti gels preliminarily confirmed the interaction between Al and Ti by detecting the appearance of the Al-O-Ti bond. The peak shift of the chemical bonds in X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and the transformation of the hydrolysate species in the Al-Ti gels were analyzed to further explore the interaction mechanism between Al and Ti. It was found that moderate TEA could inhibit the hydrolysis of Ti precursors by taking up the coordination sites of H2O to form a CO-Ti bond. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results showed that Ti could be incorporated into the framework of aluminum hydrolysates to form an Al-O-Ti bond, and [Al2Ti2(OH)x(TEA)y(H2O)8-x-y]14-x was the most possible copolymerization hydrolysate. Based on the above research results, the most efficient Al-Ti gel was selected and applied to the actual lake water treatment. The highest UV254 removal efficiency with the addition of Al-Ti gel was > 60%, nearly 25% higher than that of Ti gel. The hydrolysates of Al-Ti gel, such as TiO(OH)2(am), Al(OH)3(am), and [Al2Ti2(OH)x(TEA)y(H2O)8-x-y]14-x, could remove organic matters through the incorporation of charge neutralization, adsorption, complexation, and sweeping effects. These results provide a new idea for studying the interaction mechanism between Al and Ti in composite coagulants, and have theoretical guiding significance to actual water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangying Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhining Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jingwen Pan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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9
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Ren B, Weitzel KA, Duan X, Nadagouda MN, Dionysiou DD. A comprehensive review on algae removal and control by coagulation-based processes: mechanism, material, and application. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Wu B, Li J, Gan Y, Zhihao H, Li H, Zhang S. Titanium xerogel as a potential alternative for polymeric ferric sulfate in coagulation removal of antimony from reverse osmosis concentrate. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Zhai Q, Song L, Ji X, Yu Y, Ye J, Xu W, Hou M. Research progress of advanced oxidation technology for the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40449-40461. [PMID: 35347626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cyanobacteria blooms have continued to erupt frequently, seriously jeopardizing the safety of drinking water and human health. The safe, quick, and economical removal of cyanobacteria from water bodies, especially the dominant species of cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, has captured a lot of scientists' attention. The application of advanced oxidation technology in water treatment is very promising, but it has not yet been used in production. To further promote the application of the advanced oxidation method in water treatment, this article combines the results of advanced research in China and abroad to review this emergent technology. Briefly, advanced oxidation process methods employ various mechanisms to remove the dominant species of cyanobacteria blooms Microcystis aeruginosa. This provides a theoretical reference and support for the efficient removal of harmful cyanobacteria from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Zhai
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Song
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Ji
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueshu Yu
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- School of Railway Transportation, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifang Hou
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, People's Republic of China
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12
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Coagulation performance of Al/Fe based covalently bonded composite coagulants for algae removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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TiCl3 coagulation for algae-laden water treatment: Performance, control of algal organic matters release and mechanism. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Liu B, Gao B, Guo K, Pan J, Yue Q. The interactions between Al (III) and Ti (IV) in the composite coagulant polyaluminum-titanium chloride. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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16
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Xu M, Luo Y, Wang X, Zhou L. Coagulation-ultrafiltration efficiency of polymeric Al-, Fe-, and Ti- coagulant with or without polyacrylamide composition. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Hajipour MJ, Saei AA, Walker ED, Conley B, Omidi Y, Lee K, Mahmoudi M. Nanotechnology for Targeted Detection and Removal of Bacteria: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100556. [PMID: 34558234 PMCID: PMC8564466 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of nanotechnology has created unprecedented hopes for addressing several unmet industrial and clinical issues, including the growing threat so-termed "antibiotic resistance" in medicine. Over the last decade, nanotechnologies have demonstrated promising applications in the identification, discrimination, and removal of a wide range of pathogens. Here, recent insights into the field of bacterial nanotechnology are examined that can substantially improve the fundamental understanding of nanoparticle and bacteria interactions. A wide range of developed nanotechnology-based approaches for bacterial detection and removal together with biofilm eradication are summarized. The challenging effects of nanotechnologies on beneficial bacteria in the human body and environment and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to nanotherapeutics are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J. Hajipour
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Division of Physiological Chemistry IDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Edward D. Walker
- Department of EntomologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Brian Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyNova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL33328USA
| | - Ki‐Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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18
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Gan Y, Zhang L, Zhang S. The suitability of titanium salts in coagulation removal of micropollutants and in alleviation of membrane fouling. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117692. [PMID: 34600229 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation is a conventional method in water treatment. In recent decades, with the rapid development of membrane filtration, the use of coagulation is facing some new challenges. How to minimize the membrane fouling became a leading-edge topic in the study of coagulation. Here, the performances of three types of titanium coagulants were evaluated in terms of both the coagulation removal of toxic micropollutants and the alleviation of membrane fouling. Three oxysalts and two antibiotics were taken as representatives of inorganic and organic micropollutants. As compared with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and polytitanium chloride (PTC), titanium xerogel (TXC) with a higher polymerization degree showed much better performances in direct coagulation removal of oxysalts and antibiotics and in pre-coagulation for mitigating membrane fouling in both coagulation-sedimentation-ultrafiltration (CSUF) and in-line coagulation-ultrafiltration (CUF) processes. In the CSUF system, the membrane permeate flux with TXC pre-coagulation (89.5%) was much higher than those of TiCl4 (56.1%) and PTC (57.4%). After a 5 day continuous operation, the transmembrane pressure in the CUF system with TXC coagulation was increased only to 4.9 kPa, while those of PTC and TiCl4 were 12.2 and 18.5 kPa, respectively. The results here demonstrate that TXC is a promising coagulant for pollutant removal and membrane fouling alleviation, due to the following merits: better floc properties, weaker pH-dependence, and higher resistance to coordination with organic pollutants. The observation shed new lights on the fabrication and application of coagulants in a wide variety of scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
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19
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Mališová E, Fašková L, Pavúková D, Híveš J, Benköová M. Removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by ferrate from polluted lake water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27084-27094. [PMID: 33501582 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms are becoming increasingly problematic microbiological pollutants, especially for the water resource and surface natural lakes. Cyanobacterial blooms, which produce toxins and microcystins, negatively affect the quality of water, animal, and human health, and they have also negative impact on recreational activities. The effect of electrochemically prepared potassium ferrate (green oxidation agent) on the water polluted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins was studied. The two most frequently occurring cyanobacterial genus Microcystis and Anabaena and the most toxic and abundant microcystin MC-LR were successfully inactivated and treated by ferrate. Potassium ferrates were applied at different conditions, such as varied hydrodynamics flow of samples, pH, and Fe(VI) concentrations. High detected elimination efficiency was consequently tested on the real water matrix from microbiological polluted natural lake Šaštín-Gazárka in Slovakia. The ferrate application leads to the better chemical, biological, microbiological, and ecotoxicological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Mališová
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lucia Fašková
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniela Pavúková
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Híveš
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Benköová
- Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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20
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Yang Z, Zhao L, Hu M, Cai D, Tian Z, Baeyens J, Dewil R, Qin P, Yang W, Graham NJ. Hydrophobic-modified metal-hydroxide nanoflocculants enable one-step removal of multi-contaminants for drinking water production. iScience 2021; 24:102491. [PMID: 34113827 PMCID: PMC8169996 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flocculation is a mainstream technology for the provision of safe drinking water but is limited due to the ineffectiveness of conventional flocculants in removing trace low-molecular-weight emerging contaminants. We described a synthesis strategy for the development of high-performance nanoflocculants (hydrophobic-organic-chain-modified metal hydroxides [HOC-M]), imitating surfactant-assembling nano-micelles, by integration of long hydrophobic chains with traditional inorganic metal (Fe/Al/Ti)-based flocculants. The core-shell nanostructure was highly stable in acidic stock solution and transformed to meso-scale coagulation nuclei in real surface water. In both jar and continuous-flow tests, HOC-M was superior over conventional flocculants in removing many contaminants (turbidity, UV254, and DOC: >95%; TP and NO3-N: >90%; trace pharmaceuticals [initial concentration: 100 ng/L]: >80%), producing flocs with better structural and dewatering properties, and lowering the environmental risk of metal leaching. The rationally designed nanoflocculants have large application potential, as a solution to increasing public concern about micro-pollutants and increasing water quality requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Di Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Jan Baeyens
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, KU Leuven, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Raf Dewil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, KU Leuven, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Peiyong Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Nigel J.D. Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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21
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Xu M, Wang X, Zhou B, Zhou L. Pre-coagulation with cationic flocculant-composited titanium xerogel coagulant for alleviating subsequent ultrafiltration membrane fouling by algae-related pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124838. [PMID: 33352421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In-line coagulation-ultrafiltration is reliable to achieve the safe disposal of algae-laden water with alleviated membrane fouling. Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)-composited titanium xerogel (TXC) coagulant (abbreviated as P-T) was reported to possess better resistance to organic matter loads, and its mitigation effect on subsequent ultrafiltration efficiency towards algae-related pollutants was investigated in this study. Results showed that P-T coagulation effectively mitigated membrane fouling over pH 5.0-9.0, whereas TXC only worked better under acidic condition. Acidic environment facilitated algae and organic matter removal by pre-coagulation, thus greatly improving ultrafiltration efficiency. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, PDADMAC portion in P-T enhanced the coagulation removal towards algae and protein constituents, and simultaneously promoted the formation of flocs with unique porous structure, which jointly contributed to its high-efficient alleviation ability. Nevertheless, PDADMAC increased adhesion force between P-T coagulated flocs and membrane surface, thus slightly reducing the recovery rate of membrane flux at pH 5.0. Pearson correlation analyses implied that removing algae cells would prevent reversible fouling-induced flux decline, whereas eliminating organic matter could greatly promote ultrafiltration efficiency via mitigating irreversible fouling. Therefore, elevating removal efficiency of organic matters is still the major objective for ultrafiltration pretreatment technologies and the optimization direction towards TXC-based coagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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22
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Wang X, Xu J, Xu M, Zhou B, Liang J, Zhou L. High-efficient removal of arsenite by coagulation with titanium xerogel coagulant. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Zhu Y, Cheng S, Wang P, Chen H, Zhang X, Liu L, Li X, Ding Y. A possible environmental-friendly removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by using pyroligneous acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111159. [PMID: 32829212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms are crucial environmental issues by threatening both aquatic ecosystem and human health. A biomass by-product with antimicrobial activity, pyroligneous acid (PA) was tested for its suitability for removal of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) in this work. Results show that the removal efficiency could reach up to 90% in the presence of 0.45% of PA and the inhibition to M. aeruginosa growth could extend to at least 40 days. The removal mechanism was studied. Both organic acids and phenols are functional content in M. aeruginosa removal and acetic acid is the most important one. Zeta potential analysis and morphology study show that the damage of cells dominates the flocculation and sedimentation of M. aeruginosa under low PA concentration (<0.7%), and increasing PA (≥0.7%) resulted in a trend of zeta potential to zero, thus removing any "shield" and triggering flocculation. Finally, study on the phenols residual after M. aeruginosa treatment shows that it could be close to 0 in 70 h. Therefore, this work proposes a possible method for world-wide treatment of cyanobacteria bloom and a new way for further utilization of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Hanyang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xueru Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Lanhua Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xueliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Yunsheng Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
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24
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Clemente A, Wilson A, Oliveira S, Menezes I, Gois A, Capelo-Neto J. The role of hydraulic conditions of coagulation and flocculation on the damage of cyanobacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:139737. [PMID: 32927561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited information exists on the damage of harmful cyanobacteria cells, such as Raphidiopsis raciborskii and Dolichospermum circinale, caused by the hydraulic conditions at water treatment plants especially when it comes to the mechanical stresses imposed by coagulation and flocculation. To close this gap, this study evaluated the impacts of rapid and slow-mixing on R. raciborskii and D. circinale cells and trichomes. The hydraulic conditions used during the experiment were selected based on AWWA, which are widely applied in the absence of specific treatability tests. Cellular integrity was evaluated by the Erythrosine B staining method and logistic regression was used to study the association between organism integrity and hydraulic conditions (i.e., velocity gradient and mixing time). Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to verify if there was a significant reduction of the trichome length and cell integrity. Rapid-mixing (velocity gradient of 750 s-1 for 60 s) reduced the odds of finding intact D. circinale to <50%, whereas the odds of finding intact R. raciborskii cells did not significantly decrease. The odds of finding intact cells of R. raciborskii were 124 times greater than D. circinale. Rapid-mixing also reduced the length of D. circinale trichomes by approximately 50% but did not significantly decrease R. raciborskii trichomes. Slow-mixing did not significantly affect organisms or trichomes of either species. The results indicate that AWWA recommendations for coagulation may cause damage to D. circinale but not to R. raciborskii, suggesting that the operation of water treatment plants could be adjusted according to the dominant cyanobacterium present in the reservoir to avoid cell rupture and metabolite release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Clemente
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Alan Wilson
- Auburn University, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Samylla Oliveira
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Indira Menezes
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Amanda Gois
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jose Capelo-Neto
- Federal University of Ceara, Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Block 713, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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25
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Song Q, Niu X, Zhang D, Song X, Li Y, Ma J, Lai S, Yang Z, Zhou S. The behaviors of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystins during the Fe 2+/persulfate (PS) preoxidation-coagulation and flocs storage period. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109549. [PMID: 32325291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria blooms driven by anthropogenic eutrophication has become a major threat to aquaculture ecosystems worldwide. In this study, the behavior of M. aeruginosa cells during flocs storage period of 6 days was first investigated after pre-oxidation and coagulation of Fe2+/PS. Fe2+/PS achieved a superior removal efficiency of 90.7% for OD680 and 90.4% for chl-a. The contents of extracellular MCs in the pre-oxidation and coagulation system were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in the control. A significant (P < 0.05) difference in intracellular protein between the control and the coagulated systems was observed. Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM) was employed to investigate the variations in extracellular organic matter (EOM) during flocs storage. The results indicated the presence of four peaks, representing protein-like substances, intermediate dissolved microbial metabolites, fulvic and humic-like compounds in the Fe2+/PS process. And the intensities of four peaks were all decreased in the Fe2+/PS system compared to those in the control. A low level of accumulated residual Fe of 0.28 mg/L was observed without posing potential environmental risk. The results showed that the M. aeruginosa cells were under stressful conditions after 3-d storage due to the decomposition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the insufficient supply of nutrients. However, SEM results indicated that no significant alteration in cell morphology was observed. Therefore, with high removal of M. aeruginosa, low MCs concentrations, and trivial cell damage, the Fe2+/PS preoxidation-coagulation was proved to be an environmental-friendly method for cyanobacteria removal without yielding serious secondary pollution. This work will contribute to better understanding and managing the cyanobacteria-laden aquaculture water after pre-oxidation and coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing, 210093, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Xiaofei Song
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yankun Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinling Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Senchao Lai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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26
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Zhao Y, Chi Y, Tian C, Liu Y, Li H, Wang A. Recycling of titanium-coagulated algae-rich sludge for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of phenolic contaminants through oxygen vacancy. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 177:115789. [PMID: 32304907 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, sludge disposal and resource recycling are global issues. Titanium coagulation has received increasing attention due its strong coagulation capability and sludge recycling. Titanium coagulation is highly efficient for the treatment of algae-laden micro-polluted surface water; however, the safe disposal of titanium-coagulated algae-rich sludge remains a challenge. Here, we report on the recycling of titanium-coagulated algae-rich sludge for the production of functional TiO2 nanoflowers (TNFs) through a simple hydrothermal and calcination process. Anatase TNFs (particle size of 10-15 nm) with petal-like structures (mesoporous), relatively high specific surface areas, i.e. 299.4 m2g-1, and low band gaps, i.e. 2.67 eV (compared to P-25), were obtained. Additionally, oxygen vacancy (OV) was generated on the surface of the recycled TNFs based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results, which were verified by the first-principles calculations within density-functional theory. These TNFs display high photocatalytic performance for the degradation of diverse phenolic organic contaminants, such as bisphenol A, diphenyl phenol, p-tert-butyl phenol, and resorcinol, i.e. > 95%, under mild ultraviolet light irradiation and without any sacrificial reagents. Formation of OV on TNFs not only efficiently inhibited the recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes but also facilitated contaminant adsorption and photo-generated electron transfer on the surface of the recycled TNFs, thereby promoting the generation of holes and hydroxyl and superoxide radicals which were regarded as the reactive oxygen species for attacking contaminants in the reactions. This study proposes a new perspective on recycling chemical-coagulated sludge for producing functional nanomaterials as photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuantong Chi
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Tian
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, 250353, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Environmental Engineering Department, Research Development Center, China Vanke Co., Ltd., 518083, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aizhu Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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27
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Wang Y, Hou T, Yang Z, Zhao L, Wu W, Yang W, Graham NJD. Nitrogen-Free Cationic Starch Flocculants: Flocculation Performance, Antibacterial Ability, and UF Membrane Fouling Control. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2910-2919. [PMID: 35025338 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In light of growing concerns about the formation of nitrogen-based disinfection byproducts (N-DBP) and the possible contribution from the use of quaternary-ammonium-containing flocculants, there is growing interest in the alternative use of quaternary phosphonium salts, which have been reported to have a lower DBP formation potential, stronger cationic properties, lower cytotoxicity, and greater stability. In this study, the performance of N-free quaternary-phosphonium-modified starch flocculants (S-BTP), synthesized through a facile one-step method using commercially available raw materials, in the treatment of bacteria-laden waters (E. coli as the model bacteria) was assessed in both jar tests and a bench-scale continuous-flow flocculation-sedimentation-ultrafiltration process. In jar tests, the effects of the cationic degree of substitution (DS) and dosage of the flocculant, solution pH, and presence of model contaminants on treatment performance were studied. One particular flocculant (S-BTP3), with a DS of 19.3%, displayed high removal efficiencies of E. coli, turbidity, and UV254 from water, comparable with those of ammonium-based analogues and conventional alum, via a combination of charge attraction, polymer bridging, and antibacterial effects. S-BTP3 also possessed better bactericidal properties (99.4% of E. coli killed) than alum (41.4% killed) and did not cause the release of intracellular substances into the treated water. In the continuous-flow flocculation-sedimentation-UF tests, S-BTP3 was superior to alum in the flocculation and antibacterial performance, and in mitigating UF membrane fouling. The results have clearly demonstrated the multiple benefits of the use of N-free cationic starch flocculants in water treatment as an alternative to conventional chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Hou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, U.K
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210036, P.R. China
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW72AZ, U.K
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28
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Feng LJ, Sun XD, Zhu FP, Feng Y, Duan JL, Xiao F, Li XY, Shi Y, Wang Q, Sun JW, Liu XY, Liu JQ, Zhou LL, Wang SG, Ding Z, Tian H, Galloway TS, Yuan XZ. Nanoplastics Promote Microcystin Synthesis and Release from Cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3386-3394. [PMID: 31961660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the fate of nanoplastics (<100 nm) in freshwater systems is increasingly well studied, much less is known about its potential threats to cyanobacterial blooms, the ultimate phenomenon of eutrophication occurrence worldwide. Previous studies have evaluated the consequences of nanoplastics increasing the membrane permeability of microbes, however, there is no direct evidence for interactions between nanoplastics and microcystin; intracellular hepatotoxins are produced by some genera of cyanobacteria. Here, we show that the amino-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH2) promote microcystin synthesis and release from Microcystis aeruginosa, a dominant species causing cyanobacterial blooms, even without the change of coloration. We demonstrate that PS-NH2 inhibits photosystem II efficiency, reduces organic substance synthesis, and induces oxidative stress, enhancing the synthesis of microcystin. Furthermore, PS-NH2 promotes the extracellular release of microcystin from M. aeruginosa via transporter protein upregulation and impaired cell membrane integrity. Our findings propose that the presence of nanoplastics in freshwater ecosystems might enhance the threat of eutrophication to aquatic ecology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Ping Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yue Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lu Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fu Xiao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Tamara Susan Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, U.K
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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29
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Wang C, Cai Q, Feng B, Feng S, Tian C, Jiang X, Wu X, Xiao B. Improving the performance of shipboard rotary drum filters in the removal of cyanobacterial blooms by cationic polyacrylamide flocculation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Jin J, Chen Z, Song X, Wu B, Zhang G, Zhang S. Effects of acetylacetone on the thermal and photochemical conversion of benzoquinone in aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:628-635. [PMID: 30798058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quinones are components of electron transport chains in photosynthesis and respiration. Acetylacetone (AA), structurally similar to benzoquinone (BQ) for the presence of two identical carbonyl groups, has been reported as a quinone-like electron shuttle. Both BQ and AA are important chemicals in the aquatic environment. However, little information is known about their interactions if co-existed. We found here that AA significantly enhanced the conversion of BQ. By analyzing the evolution of chemical concentration, solution pH, dissolved oxygen, and the final products, the interactions between AA and BQ were elucidated. The reactions between BQ and AA generated oxygen but ultimately led to the reduction of solution pH and dissolved oxygen. The reactions proceeded faster under indoor lighting condition than in the dark. The formation of semiquinone radicals is believed as the primary step. The secondary AA-derived radicals might be strongly oxidative or reductive, depending on the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Insoluble humus was generated in the mixture of BQ and AA. These results suggest that the presence of AA might interfere with photosynthesis and respiration through the interactions with quinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaojie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bingdang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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31
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Wang X, Gan Y, Zhang S. Improved resistance to organic matter load by compositing a cationic flocculant into the titanium xerogel coagulant. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Sun J, Xu H, Pei H, Jin Y, Li H, Ma C. Worse than cell lysis: The resilience of Oscillatoria sp. during sludge storage in drinking water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:405-414. [PMID: 29909220 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benthic Oscillatoria sp. may form dense surface blooms especially under eutrophic and calm conditions, which poses a threat to drinking water safety because it can produce toxic and odorous metabolites. This is the first study to investigate the effect of the conventional coagulant polyaluminium ferric chloride (PAFC) on removal of Oscillatoria sp., and the behavior of Oscillatoria sp. cells in sludges formed from different dosages of PAFC (control, optimum, and overdose system) during storage was also studied. Oscillatoria sp. cells can be removed efficiently by coagulation of PAFC. The adverse environmental stresses of sludge, such as lack of light and anoxic environment, decrease cell viability and induce the increase of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) in Oscillatoria sp. cells during the first 4 days. Because Oscillatoria sp. can adapt to the low-light and hypoxic circumstances in sludge gradually, the cells regrow with prolonged storage time. Compared to planktonic Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, regrowth of Oscillatoria sp. during storage may present a bigger threat, even though Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii cells will be damaged and release toxic compounds. Growth rates of algae in coagulated systems were lower than that in control system because of the restriction of flocs. It is worth noting that the chlorophyll a level was increased by a factor of 3.5 in the optimal-dose system, and worse, the overdose system increased by a factor of 6 in chlorophyll a after 8 d storage due to the benefit of higher Fe levels. Concentrations of extracellular geosmin and cylindrospermopsin also increased during storage, especially after 4 d, and varied in the following sequence for a given storage duration: control system > overdose system > optimum system. Overall, due to decrease of SOD and MDA in Oscillatoria sp. cells after 4 d storage, algae cells regrew rapidly, especially in overdose system. Hence, sludge should be treated within 4 d and excess PAFC dosing should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongming Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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33
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Wang X, Gan Y, Guo S, Ma X, Xu M, Zhang S. Advantages of titanium xerogel over titanium tetrachloride and polytitanium tetrachloride in coagulation: A mechanism analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:350-360. [PMID: 29348068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC) worked better than titanium tetrachloride (TC) and polytitanium chloride (PTC) in a wider pH/dose range for the removal of turbidity. However, the underlying mechanisms were not comprehensively understood. In this work, the better coagulation performance of TXC than TC and PTC was systematically elucidated from the following aspects: the physicochemical properties of the three coagulants, the removal of turbidity and organic matter, and the complexation reactions in coagulation. The results demonstrate that the merits of TXC were attributable to the following characteristics: (1) the higher surface charge density/total surface site concentration/isoelectric point of TXC hydrolysates, (2) the formation of TXC hydrolysates with a net-work structure, and (3) the strong binding affinity of TXC hydrolysates to organic matter caused by the bonded acetylacetone in the TXC framework. In short, the hydrolysis behavior of TXC significantly differed from both its precursor, TC, and the prehydrolyzed PTC. The difference in the hydrolysis of TXC was derived from the gelation process, which led to the polymerization of Ti in a way different from prehydrolyzation. The elucidation of the hydrolysis mechanisms is useful for the better application of Ti-based coagulants and may shed light on the preparation of other metal salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Yonghai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Mengshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China.
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