1
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Zhou J, Gao W, Xie L, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wei Z. Revealing mechanism of phenol-amine reaction to form humus in compost based on high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and spectroscopy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 403:130862. [PMID: 38768664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Humus is the stable form of carbon storage in straw compost. The phenol-amine reaction is a pathway for humus formation in straw compost. In this study, two reaction systems, GP group (pyrogallol and glycine) and GCP group (catechol, pyrogallol, and glycine), were constructed in a simulated composting environment and revealed the molecular binding mechanism of the phenol-amine reaction through spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The results showed that phenolic self-polymerization was faster than phenol-amine reaction. Therefore, the aromatization degree of GP was 27.14 % higher than that of GCP. The phenol-amine reaction first produced fulvic acid, and then formed humus units rich in active functional group structures (i.e., phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups). These units further captured small molecule compounds to form humic acid eventually. This study would provide theoretical support for exploring the humus formation process and the promotion of straw humification by adding phenol or amino acids to compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenfang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lina Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ruju Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunxian Zhang
- College of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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2
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Huang H, Chen Z, Su Y, Zeng H, Li H, Chen Y, Qi S, Chen W, Chen W, Zhang G. N-nitrosamines in electroplating and printing/dyeing industrial wastewater treatment plants: Removal efficiency, environmental emission, and the influence on drinking water. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121537. [PMID: 38555784 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of industrial wastewater containing high concentrations of N-nitrosamines to the aquatic environment can impair downstream source waters and pose potential risks to human health. However, the transport and fate of N-nitrosamines in typical industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWWTPs) and the influence of these effluents on source water and drinking water are still unclear. This study investigated nine N-nitrosamines in four full-scale electroplating (E-) and printing/dyeing (PD-) IWWTPs, two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in the lower reaches of these IWWTPs, and the corresponding tap water in South China. The total concentrations of N-nitrosamines (∑NAs) were 382-10,600, 480-1920, 494-789, and 27.9-427 ng/L in influents, effluents, source water, and tap water, respectively. The compositions of N-nitrosamine species in different influents varied a lot, while N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) dominated in most of the effluents, source water, and tap water. More than 70 % N-nitrosamines were removed by wastewater treatment processes used in E-IWWTPs such as ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis (Fe/C-ME), while only about 50 % of N-nitrosamines were removed in PD-IWWTPs due to the use of chlorine reagent or other inefficient conventional processes such as flocculation by cationic amine-based polymers or bio-contact oxidation. Therefore, the mass fluxes of N-nitrosamines discharged from these industrial wastewaters to the environment in the selected two industrial towns were up to 14,700 mg/day. The results based on correlation and principal component analysis significantly demonstrated correlations between E-and PD-effluents and source water and tap water, suggesting that these effluents can serve as sources of N-nitrosamines to local drinking water systems. This study suggests that N-nitrosamines are prevalent in typical IWWTPs, which may infect drinking water systems. The findings of this study provide a basis data for the scientific evaluation of environmental processes of N-nitrosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanfang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510535, PR China
| | - Zifeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yuru Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Honghu Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Haixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, PR China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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3
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Chen Y, Zeng H, Huang H, Qin L, Qi S, Li H, Shahab A, Zhang H, Chen W. Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines in full-scale domestic wastewater treatment plants and their impact on receiving waters along the Lijiang River, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133870. [PMID: 38430594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Domestic wastewaters contaminated with N-nitrosamines pose a significant threat to river ecosystems worldwide, particularly in urban areas with riparian cities. Despite widespread concern, the precise impact of these contaminants on receiving river waters remains uncertain. This study investigated eight N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their adjacent receiving river, the Lijiang River in Guilin City, Southwest China. By analyzing thirty wastewater samples from five full-scale WWTPs and twenty-three river water samples from Guilin, we quantified the mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged into the surrounding watershed via domestic effluents. The results revealed that N-nitrosodimethylamine (10-60 ng/L), N-nitrosodiethylamine (3.4-22 ng/L), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (not detected-4.5 ng/g) were predominant in influents, effluents, and sludge, respectively, with the overall removal efficiencies ranging from 17.7 to 65.6% during wastewater treatment. Cyclic activated sludge system and ultraviolet disinfection were effective in removing N-nitrosamines (rates of 59.6% and 24.3%), while chlorine dioxide disinfection promoted their formation. A total of 30.4 g/day of N-nitrosamine mass loads were observed in the Lijiang River water, with domestic effluents contributing about 31.3% (19.4 g/day), followed by livestock breeding wastewater (34.5%, 12.0 g/day), and unknown sources (24.7%, 7.5 g/day). These findings highlight the critical role of WWTPs in transporting N-nitrosamines to watersheds and emphasize the urgent need for further investigation into other potential sources of N-nitrosamine pollution within watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancashire LA1 4YW, the United Kingdom
| | - Honghu Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Huanfang Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Litang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancashire LA1 4YW, the United Kingdom
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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4
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Yan X, Zhu B, Huang H, Chen W, Li H, Chen Y, Liang Y, Zeng H. Analysing N-nitrosamine occurrence and sources in karst reservoirs, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:112. [PMID: 38472659 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines in reservoir water have drawn significant attention because of their carcinogenic properties. Karst reservoirs containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) are important drinking water sources and are susceptible to contamination because of the fast flow of various contaminants. However, it remains unclear whether N-nitrosamines and their precursor, DOM, spread in karst reservoirs. Therefore, this study quantitatively investigated the occurrence and sources of N-nitrosamines based on DOM properties in three typical karst reservoirs and their corresponding tap water. The results showed that N-nitrosamines were widely spread, with detection frequencies > 85%. Similar dominant compounds, including N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylethylamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, and N-nitrosodibutylamine, were observed in reservoirs and tap water, with average concentrations of 4.7-8.9 and 2.8-6.7 ng/L, respectively. The average carcinogenic risks caused by these N-nitrosamines were higher than the risk level of 10-6. Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix modeling revealed that DOM was composed of humus-like component 1 (C1) and protein-like component 2 (C2). Fluorescence indicators showed that DOM in reservoir water was mainly affected by exogenous pollution and algal growth, whereas in tap water, DOM was mainly affected by microbial growth with strong autopoietic properties. In the reservoir water, N-nitrosodiethylamine and N-nitrosopiperidine were significantly correlated with C2 and biological indicators, indicating their endogenously generated sources. Based on the principal component analysis and multiple linear regression methods, five sources of N-nitrosamines were identified: agricultural pollution, microbial sources, humus sources, degradation processes, and other factors, accounting for 46.8%, 36.1%, 7.82%, 8.26%, and 0.96%, respectively. For tap water, two sources, biological reaction processes, and water distribution systems, were identified, accounting for 75.7% and 24.3%, respectively. Overall, this study presents quantitative information on N-nitrosamines' sources based on DOM properties in typical karst reservoirs and tap water, providing a basis for the safety of drinking water for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Bingquan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Huanfang Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanpeng Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Honghu Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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5
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Li J, Arnold WA, Hozalski RM. Animal Feedlots and Domestic Wastewater Discharges are Likely Sources of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Precursors in Midwestern Watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2973-2983. [PMID: 38290429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursor concentrations along four major rivers in Minnesota, USA were quantified and correlated with watershed land cover types, anthropogenic activity, and organic matter characteristics. River water samples (36 in total) were chloraminated under uniform formation conditions (UFC) before and after lime-softening treatment, and the resulting NDMA concentrations were quantified (NDMAUFC). Regarding land cover, NDMAUFC in raw river water exhibited weak positive correlations with urban land (ρ = 0.33, p = 0.05) and cropland coverage (ρ = 0.35, p = 0.04). For anthropogenic activity, NDMAUFC in raw river water positively correlated with the number of feedlots (ρ = 0.57), total weight of animals (ρ = 0.68), and total number of domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs; ρ = 0.63) with p < 0.01. NDMAUFC positively correlated with region IV fluorescence intensity from fluorescence excitation-emission spectra (ρ = 0.70, p < 0.01). Lime softening of river water typically increased NDMAUFC and preferentially removed organic matter that fluoresces in region V, suggesting that the organic matter in this region decreases NDMAUFC by competing for available chloramines. Overall, animal feedlots, along with domestic WWTPs, are predominant sources of NDMA precursors in the studied watersheds, while croplands and urban runoff are of lesser importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William A Arnold
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Raymond M Hozalski
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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6
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Wu T, Karimi-Maleh H, Dragoi EN, Puri P, Zhang D, Zhang Z. Traditional methods and biosensors for detecting disinfection by-products in water: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116935. [PMID: 37625534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pollution caused by disinfection by-products (DBPs) has become a global concern. Initially, there were fewer contaminants, and the mechanism of their generation was unclear; however, the number of contaminants has increased exponentially as a result of rapid industrialization and numerous economic activities (e.q., during the outbreak of COVID-19 a surge in the use of chlorinated disinfectants was observed). DBP toxicity results in various adverse health effects and organ failure in humans. In addition, it profoundly affects other forms of life, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. This review comprehensively discusses the pre-treatment methods of traditional and emerging DBPs and the technologies applied for their detection. Additionally, this paper provides a detailed discussion of the principles, applicability, and characteristics of traditional large-scale instrumentation methods (such as gas/liquid/ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) for detecting DBPs based on their respective detection techniques. At the same time, the design, functionality, classification, and characteristics of rapid detection technologies (such as biosensors) are also detailed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Elena Niculina Dragoi
- Cristofor Simionescu Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, Bld. D Mangeron no 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Paridhi Puri
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yesun Industry Zone, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518110, China.
| | - Zhouxiang Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China
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7
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Cao G, Wang W, Zhang J, Wu P, Qiao H, Li H, Huang G, Yang Z, Cai Z. Occurrence and Fate of Substituted p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones in Hong Kong Wastewater Treatment Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15635-15643. [PMID: 37798257 PMCID: PMC10586368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
para-Phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) are a newly discovered class of transformation products derived from para-phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants. These compounds are prevalent in runoff, roadside soil, and particulate matter. One compound among these, N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-n'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q), was found to induce acute mortality of coho salmon, rainbow trout, and brook trout, with the median lethal concentrations even lower than its appearance in the surface and receiving water system. However, there was limited knowledge about the occurrence and fate of these emerging environmental contaminants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which is crucial for effective pollutant removal via municipal wastewater networks. In the current study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of a suite of PPD-Qs along with their parent compounds across the influent, effluent, and biosolids during each processing unit in four typical WWTPs in Hong Kong. The total concentrations of PPDs and PPD-Qs in the influent were determined to be 2.7-90 and 14-830 ng/L. In the effluent, their concentrations decreased to 0.59-40 and 2.8-140 ng/L, respectively. The median removal efficiency for PPD-Qs varied between 53.0 and 91.0% across the WWTPs, indicating that a considerable proportion of these contaminants may not be fully eliminated through the current processing technology. Mass flow analyses revealed that relatively higher levels of PPD-Qs were retained in the sewage sludge (20.0%) rather than in the wastewater (16.9%). In comparison to PPDs, PPD-Qs with higher half-lives exhibited higher release levels via effluent wastewater, which raises particular concerns about their environmental consequences to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Han Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Huankai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Gefei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental
and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
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8
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Fernández-Pascual E, Droz B, O’Dwyer J, O’Driscoll C, Goslan EH, Harrison S, Weatherill J. Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Components as Surrogates for Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Drinking Water: A Critical Review. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:1997-2008. [PMID: 37588806 PMCID: PMC10425960 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, prediction, and minimization are critical challenges facing the drinking water treatment industry worldwide where chemical disinfection is required to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) is used to characterize and quantify fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) components in aquatic systems and may offer considerable promise as a low-cost optical surrogate for DBP formation in treated drinking waters. However, the global utility of this approach for quantification and prediction of specific DBP classes or species has not been widely explored to date. Hence, this critical review aims to elucidate recurring empirical relationships between common environmental fluorophores (identified by PARAFAC) and DBP concentrations produced during water disinfection. From 45 selected peer-reviewed articles, 218 statistically significant linear relationships (R2 ≥ 0.5) with one or more DBP classes or species were established. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), as key regulated classes, were extensively investigated and exhibited strong, recurrent relationships with ubiquitous humic/fulvic-like FDOM components, highlighting their potential as surrogates for carbonaceous DBP formation. Conversely, observed relationships between nitrogenous DBP classes, such as haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), and N-nitrosamines (NAs), and PARAFAC fluorophores were more ambiguous, but preferential relationships with protein-like components in the case of algal/microbial FDOM sources were noted. This review highlights the challenges of transposing site-specific or FDOM source-specific empirical relationships between PARAFAC component and DBP formation potential to a global model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández-Pascual
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Boris Droz
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - Jean O’Dwyer
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
- iCRAG
Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre in Applied Geosciences, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | | | - Emma H. Goslan
- Cranfield
Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Harrison
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
| | - John Weatherill
- School
of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland
- Environmental
Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland
- iCRAG
Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre in Applied Geosciences, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
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9
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Xia J, Chen Y, Huang H, Li H, Huang D, Liang Y, Zeng H, Chen W. Occurrence and mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged from different anthropogenic activities in Desheng River, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57975-57988. [PMID: 36973615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines are widespread in various bodies of water, which is of great concern due to their carcinogenic risks and harmful mutagenic effects. Livestock rearing, domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastewaters are the main sources of N-nitrosamines in environmental water. However, information on the amount of N-nitrosamines these different wastewaters contribute to environmental water is scarce. Here, we investigated eight N-nitrosamines and assessed their mass loadings in the Desheng River to quantify the contributions discharged from different anthropogenic activities. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (< 1.6-18 ng/L), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA) (< 2.2 ng/L), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) (< 1.7-2.4 ng/L), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) (< 1.8-18 ng/L), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) (< 2.0-3.5 ng/L), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) (< 2.2-2.5 ng/L), and N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) (< 3.3-16 ng/L) were detected. NDMA and NDBA were the dominant compounds contributing 89% and 92% to the total N-nitrosamine concentrations. The mean cumulative concentrations of N-nitrosamines in the livestock rearing area (26 ± 11 ng/L) and industrial area (24 ± 4.8 ng/L) were higher than those in the residential area (16 ± 6.3 ng/L) and farmland area (15 ± 5.1 ng/L). The mean concentration of N-nitrosamines in the tributaries (22 ng/L) was slightly higher than that in the mainstem (17 ng/L), probably due to the dilution effect of the mainstem. However, the mass loading assessment based on the river's flow and water concentrations suggested the negligible mass emission of N-nitrosamines into the mainstem from tributaries, which could be due to the small water flow of tributaries. The average mass loads of N-nitrosamines discharged into the mainstem were ranked as the livestock rearing area (742.7 g/d), industrial area (558.6 g/d), farmland area (93.9 g/d), and residential areas (83.2 g/d). In the livestock rearing, residential, and industrial area, NDMA (60.9%, 53.6%, and 46.7%) and NDBA (34.6%, 33.3%, and 44.9%) contributed the most mass loads; NDMA (23.4%), NDEA (15.8%), NPYR (10.1%), NPIP (12.8%), and NDBA (37.8%) contributed almost all the mass loads in the farmland area. Photodegradation amounts of NDMA (0.65 ~ 5.25 µg/(m3·day)), NDBA (0.37 ~ 0.91 µg/(m3·day)), and NDEA (0 ~ 0.66 µg/(m3·day)) were also calculated according to the mass loading. Quantifying the contribution of different anthropogenic activities to the river will provide important information for regional river water quality protection. Risk quotient (RQ) values showed the negligible ecological risks for fish, daphnid, and green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Xia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, No.319 Yanshan Street, Yanshan District, Guilin, 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huanfang Huang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, No.319 Yanshan Street, Yanshan District, Guilin, 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabao Huang
- Guangxi Shangshanruoshui Development Co., Ltd, Nanning, 530012, China
| | - Yanpeng Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, No.319 Yanshan Street, Yanshan District, Guilin, 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghu Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, No.319 Yanshan Street, Yanshan District, Guilin, 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, No.319 Yanshan Street, Yanshan District, Guilin, 541006, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Fu L, Bin L, Luo Z, Huang Z, Li P, Huang S, Nyobe D, Fu F, Tang B. Spectral change of dissolved organic matter after extracted by solid-phase extraction and its feasibility in predicting the acute toxicity of polar organic pollutants in textile wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130344. [PMID: 36444059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic parameters can be used as proxies to effectively trace the occurrence of organic trace contaminants, but their suitability for predicting the toxicity of discharged industrial wastewater with similar spectra is still unknown. In this study, the organic contaminants in treated textile wastewater were subdivided and extracted by four commonly-used solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, and the resulting spectral change and toxicity of textile effluent were analyzed and compared. After SPE, the spectra of the percolates from the four cartridges showed obvious differences with respect to the substances causing the spectral changes and being more readily adsorbed by the WAX cartridges. Non-target screening results showed source differences in organic micropollutants, which were one of the main contributors leading to their spectral properties and spectral variations after SPE in the effluents. Two fluorescence parameters (C1 and humic-like) identified by the excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) were closely correlated to the toxicity endpoints for Scenedesmus obliquus (inhibition ratios of cell growth and Chlorophyll-a synthesis), which can be applied to quantitatively predict the change of toxicity effect caused by polar organic pollutants. The results would provide novel insights into the spectral feature analysis and toxicity prediction of the residual DOM in industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; National Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Liying Bin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhaobo Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zehong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaosong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Dieudonne Nyobe
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fenglian Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.
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11
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Monteiro MA, de Lima PC, Novotny TS, Santana DS, Lima MED, Dantas ASCL, Ferreira LODS, de Souza MN, Maranho RLDN, Ochs SDM. Investigation of Carcinogenic Impurities of N-Nitrosamines in Sartan Pharmaceutical Products Marketed in Brazil: Development and Validation of Method Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1305-1314. [PMID: 36657719 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines (NA) impurities have unexpectedly been found in sartan products, angiotensin II receptor antagonists that are used to control hypertension, representing an urgent concern for industry, global regulators and for the patients. In this study, an HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of six NA (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-Nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid, N-Nitrosodiethylamine, N-ethyl-N-nitroso-2-propanamine, N-nitroso-diisopropylamine and N-nitroso-di-n-butylamine) in losartan, valsartan, olmesartan, irbesartan, candesartan and telmisartan products. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and stability. The limits of quantification were 100, 31.25, 250, 33, 312.5 and 125 µg kg-1 in losartan, valsartan, olmesartan, irbesartan, candesartan and telmisartan samples, respectively, which met the sensitivity requirements for the limits set by Food and Drug Administration of the United States. The standard curves showed good linearity. The recoveries ranged from 93.06 to 102.23% in losartan matrix, 83 to 85.9% in valsartan, 96.1 to 101.2% in olmesartan, 89.2 to 97.5% in irbesartan, 93.4 to 132.0% in candesartan and 62.3 to 106.2% in telmisartan matrix. The other parameters met the validation criteria, the good sensitivity and precision, high accuracy and simple and fast analysis provides a reliable method for quality control of NA in sartan pharmaceutical products. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of N-nitrosamines in 71 sartan products marketed in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mychelle Alves Monteiro
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Condé de Lima
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santana Novotny
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Santana
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Emanuelle Damazio Lima
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Nicolau de Souza
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Soraya de Mendonça Ochs
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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12
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Ji B, Bilal Asif M, Zhang Z. Photothermally-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) pretreatment for fouling alleviation of membrane distillation of surface water: Performance and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Li C, Sun W, Lu Z, Ao X, Li S, Wang Z, Qi F, Ismailova O. Contribution of filtration and photocatalysis to DOM removal and fouling mechanism during in-situ UV-LED photocatalytic ceramic membrane process. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119298. [PMID: 36327584 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of ceramic membranes and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) has advanced the application of photocatalytic membrane for water treatment. We systematically evaluated the contribution of filtration and photocatalysis to dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal and fouling mechanism during in-situ UV-LED photocatalytic ceramic membrane filtration. The results showed that physical rejection primarily led to removal of 4-15 kDa molecules and photocatalysis further increased the removal of 1-4 kDa molecules, causing small sized microbial humic-like or protein-like materials in the permeate. In-situ UV-LED photocatalysis had an excellent effect on membrane fouling mitigation regardless of DOM sources. The dominant fouling mechanism changed from partial blockage to gel layer formation with increasing Ca2+ concentration but did not change with UV treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that the removal of 1-4 kDa molecules contributed to the mitigation of both reversible and irreversible fouling resistance, and the small molecules were the major cause of irreversible fouling resistance. Removal of 1-4 kDa terrestrial humic acid-like contributed to the pore blockage mechanism for synthetic water. Removal of 4-15 kDa protein-like materials was closely correlated to the pore blockage mechanism for real water. Trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation potential (FP) were both significantly reduced after photocatalytic ceramic membrane process, but precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with high toxicity were not removed by filtration or by photocatalysis, which deserves attention. Membrane rejection made higher contribution to better DBPFP control than photocatalysis. This study provides novel insights into the impact of UV-LED on DOM removal, DBPFP control and fouling mitigation, promoting the development of photocatalytic ceramic membrane filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, China.
| | - Zedong Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiuwei Ao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simiao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing China
| | - Zhenbei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Oksana Ismailova
- Uzbekistan-Japan Innovation Center of Youth, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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14
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Du Z, Ding S, Xiao R, Fang C, Song W, Jia R, Chu W. Does Snowfall Introduce Disinfection By-product Precursors to Surface Water? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14487-14497. [PMID: 36196960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Snow with large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity can effectively adsorb atmospheric pollutants, which could/might lead to the increase of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors in surface water. In this study, the contents and characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in meltwater were investigated, and DBP formation and the DBP-associated cytotoxicity index during chlorination of meltwater was first explored. Overall, meltwater exhibited high nitrogen contents. Meltwater-derived DOM was mainly composed of organics with low molecular weights, low aromaticity, and high unsaturated degrees. DBP formation potentials and cytotoxicity indexes in chlorinated meltwater were positively correlated with air quality index and were significantly impacted by snowfall stages. The trihalomethane and haloacetic acid yields from meltwater were relatively low, while yields of highly cytotoxic DBPs, especially halonitromethanes (6.3-10.8 μg-HNMs/mg-DOC), were significantly higher than those of surface water (1.7 μg-HNMs/mg-DOC). Notably, unsaturated nonaromatic organic nitrates in meltwater were important precursors of halonitromethanes. The actual monitoring results showed that snowfall significant increased the haloacetaldehydes and nitrogenous DBP formation levels of surface water. Considering increased DBP formation and DBP-associated toxicity, it was demonstrated that DOM derived from snowfall in atmosphere-polluted areas could deteriorate surface water quality and pose potential risks to drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan250101, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Shunke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Wuchang Song
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan250101, China
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan250101, China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan250101, China
- Shandong Province Water Supply and Drainage Monitoring Centre, Jinan250101, China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai200092, China
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15
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Hou C, Chen L, Dong Y, Yang Y, Zhang X. Unraveling dissolved organic matter in drinking water through integrated ozonation/ceramic membrane and biological activated carbon process using FT-ICR MS. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118881. [PMID: 35907301 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an integrated process comprising coagulation, ozonation, and catalytic ceramic membrane filtration (CMF) followed by treatment with biological active carbon (BAC) was evaluated in a pilot-scale (96 m3/d) experiment to understand the biostability and quality of the finished water. The fate of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the molecular level was explored using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Biostable finished water with an assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration of 30.2-45.4 µg/L was obtained by the integrated process, and the high hydraulic retention time (HRT) (≥ 45 min) of the BAC filter was necessary to provide biostable finished water. The coagulation/O3/CMF unit efficiently transformed nitrogen-containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with aromaticity and large molecular weight (Mw) (500-1000 Da) into CHO-type highly unsaturated phenolic compounds (HuPh) with less aromaticity and medium Mw (300-500 Da), which were effectively removed by subsequent BAC filtering. The main reaction was oxygen addition, followed by deamination and dealkylation of the coagulation/O3/CMF unit and decarboxylation of the BAC filter. Principal component analysis revealed that N-containing and large-Mw PAH are potential AOC precursors, and the chemical characteristics of CHO-type and medium-Mw HuPh make them AOC candidates (correlation coefficients > 0.96). This study provides insights into the management of drinking water biostability and its suitability for the practical application of the integrated coagulation/O3/CMF-BAC process in drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyu Hou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yawen Dong
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yulong Yang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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Zhang R, Deng Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Cao H. Effect of leaching time on phytotoxicity of dissolved organic matter derived from black carbon based on spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119595. [PMID: 35688387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) exports huge amounts of its derived DOM from terrestrial ecosystems annually through a variety of ways (i.e., erosion or runoff migration). The pyrolytic feedstock type and temperature resulted in DOM derived from highly condensed aromatic and non-aromatic BC. However, the behaviors of low aromatic BC-derived DOM at diverse leaching time are poorly understood. In this work, low aromatic BCs were prepared by pyrolysis corn straws at 250 °C, 350 °C and 450 °C. Extraction experiments for four leaching time (6 h, 10 h, 15 h and 21 h) were set up to simulate BC-derived DOM generative process in nature. The phytotoxicity of BC-derived DOM was evaluated via germination index (GI). Spectral characteristics were discussed to analyze the phytotoxicity variations of fluorescence components composition at different time, including the excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor, two-dimensional correlation spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results suggested that low aromatic BC-derived DOM might contain aromatic phenolic compounds. A longer time contributed to accumulate the complex, hard-to-use organic matters, leading to lower GI. These results would supplement the dynamic spectral characteristics of low aromatic BC-derived DOM and its environmental risks during the leaching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruju Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ze Deng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiulong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yunxian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Huan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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17
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Zhang X, Huang J, Cheng X, Chen H, Liu Q, Yao P, Ngo HH, Nghiem LD. Mitigation of reverse osmosis membrane fouling by electrochemical-microfiltration- activated carbon pretreatment. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Jutaporn P, Muenphukhiaw N, Phungsai P, Leungprasert S, Musikavong C. Characterization of DBP precursor removal by magnetic ion exchange resin using spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118435. [PMID: 35430468 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) play an important role in the formation and speciation of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts. This study investigated changes in the characteristics and reactivity of DOM caused by the magnetic ion exchange resins, MIEX® DOC and MIEX® GOLD, using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis and Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS) with unknown screening analysis. A five-component PARAFAC model was developed and validated from 208 EEMs of raw and MIEX®-treated water samples. The two resins exhibited preferential removal of the humic-like components (67-87% removal) and successfully removed protein-like components to a lesser extent (5-61% removal). Unknown screening analysis indicated removal of most condensed aromatic structures and lignin-like features that had high O/C values and refractory characteristics of lipid-like features by MIEX® treatments. MIEX® preferentially removed DOM molecules with more oxidized and shorter CH2 chains. The two resins had similar performance in trihalomethanes formation potential removal, but MIEX® GOLD achieved greater haloacetonitriles formation potential removal owing to its larger pore opening. Over 100 CHOCl DBP features were commonly found in all the samples while tens of CHOCl DBPs were uniquely formed in the samples with and without pre-treatments by MIEX®. Treatments by MIEX® before chlorination resulted in more intermediate CHOCl DBPs formed after chlorination compared to chlorinated raw waters. By optical spectroscopic analysis together with Orbitrap MS molecular characterization, we were able to confirm both quantitative and qualitative changes in DOM properties by MIEX® treatment related to DBP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panitan Jutaporn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Natthawikran Muenphukhiaw
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Phanwatt Phungsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suchat Leungprasert
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand
| | - Charongpun Musikavong
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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19
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Xiong X, Siddique MS, Graham NJD, Yu W. Towards microplastics contribution for membrane biofouling and disinfection by-products precursors: The effect on microbes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127797. [PMID: 34815124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Public awareness of plastic pollution and its impact on the ecosystem has increased rapidly. The microplastics in raw waters and their removal during drinking water treatment is receiving growing attention, but the impact on the efficiency of ultrafiltration has not been examined previously, especially in regard to the formation potential of disinfection by-products (DBPs-FP) in effluent water. In this study, two bench-scale continuous-flow ultrafiltration systems, with and without microplastics, were operated to examine the effect of microplastics on ultrafiltration. Results showed that the microplastics not only increased microbial growth, but also affected the microbial community (e.g. families Xanthobacteraceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Leptolyngbyaceae), which can promote the production of extracellular polymeric substances and nitrogen fixation, causing rapid membrane fouling. The formation potential of THM (TCM and BDCM) and N-DBP (TCNM) species in UF permeate increased with the presence of microplastics, due to changes in water quality. Statistical analysis indicated that tyrosine-like components (C3), ammonium (NH4+-N) and tryptophan-like component (C1) can be used as indicators of the DBPs-FP. This study provides new insights into the relationship between microplastics, membrane biofouling and DBPs-FP, and the potential adverse impact of microplastics on drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Xiong
- Key laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- Key laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Key laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China.
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20
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Zhou J, Lu Q, Zhang Y, Yu X, Wang S, Liu R, Pu Y, Yin L. Metabolomics-based molecular signatures reveal the toxic effect of co-exposure to nitrosamines in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111997. [PMID: 34506781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosamines, a group of emerging nitrogenous pollutants, are ubiquitously found in the drinking water system. However, less is known about how systemic biological responses resist or tolerate nitrosamines, especially long-term co-exposure at low concentrations. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was used to investigate the metabolic perturbations in human esophageal epithelial Het-1A cells induced by a mixture of nine common nitrosamines in drinking water at environmentally relevant, human-internal-exposure, and genotoxic concentrations. Generally, the disrupted metabolic spectrum became complicated with nitrosamines dose increasing. Notably, two inflammation-associated pathways, namely, cysteine (Cys) and methionine (MET) metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, changed significantly under the action of nitrosamines, even at the environmentally relevant level. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics and molecular biology indicators in cells were identified in mice synchronously. For one thing, the up-regulated Cys and MET metabolism provided methyl donors for histone methylation in the context of pro-inflammatory response. For another, the down-regulated NAD+/NADH ratio inhibited the deacetylation of NF-кB p65 and eventually activated the NF-кB signaling pathway. Taken collectively, the metabolomics molecular signatures were important indicative markers for nitrosamines-induced inflammation. The potential crosstalk between the inflammatory cascade and metabolic regulation also requires further studies. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to long-term co-exposure at low concentrations in the control of nitrosamines pollution in drinking water. Additionally, this study also highlights a good prospect of the combined metabolomic-molecular biology approach in environmental toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Wang J, Li H, Yue D. Enhanced adsorption of humic/fulvic acids onto urea-derived graphitic carbon nitride. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127643. [PMID: 34740511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since humic substances (HSs) can cause environmental problems, their elimination has been attracting more and more concerns. In this study, we investigated HSs adsorption onto urea-derived graphitic carbon nitride (CNU) and elucidated adsorption mechanisms (i.e. heterogeneity, interface rearrangement, and multiple interactions). The adsorption capacity of CNUs was enhanced as increasing calcination temperature and time. Among CNUs, CNU-575-3 showed the highest adsorption capacity; the maximum adsorption capacities for humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) were 164.06 mg C/g, 14.61 L/cm·g, 91.12 mg C/g, and 5.34 L/cm·g, respectively. The adsorption affinity of CNUs mainly correlated with the amount of amino groups, and that of HSs components was dependent on aromaticity due to π-π interactions. More specifically, terrestrial humic-like and fulvic-like components within HA and FA showed the greatest adsorption affinity, respectively. HSs adsorption was remarkably affected by pH, alkali metals, and alkali earth metals via electrostatic interactions, H-bonding, cation bridge, and configurational effect. In addition, the adsorption of Elliott soil HA (ESHA) and the landfill leachate concentrate by CNUs was also highly efficient. This study shows the great promise of CNUs for HSs adsorption in waters and wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dongbei Yue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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22
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Benthic Biofilm Bacterial Communities and Their Linkage with Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Effluent Receivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19041994. [PMID: 35206183 PMCID: PMC8872271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Benthic biofilms are pioneering microbial aggregates responding to effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, knowledge of the characteristics and linkage of bacterial communities and water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) of benthic biofilms in effluent-receiving rivers remains unknown. Here, we investigated the quality of WSOM and the evolution of bacterial communities in benthic biofilm to evaluate the ecological impacts of effluent discharge on a representative receiving water. Tryptophan-like proteins showed an increased proportion in biofilms collected from the discharge area and downstream from the WWTP, especially in summer. Biofilm WSOM showed weak humic character and strong autochthonous components, and species turnover was proven to be the main factor governing biofilm bacteria community diversity patterns. The bacterial community alpha diversity, interspecies interaction, biological index, and humification index were signally altered in the biofilms from the discharge area, while the values were more similar in biofilms collected upstream and downstream from the WWTP, indicating that both biofilm bacterial communities and WSOM characters have resilience capacities. Although effluent discharge simplified the network pattern of the biofilm bacterial community, its metabolic functional abundance was basically stable. The functional abundance of carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism in the discharge area increased, and the key modules in the non-random co-occurrence network also verified the important ecological role of carbon metabolism in the effluent-receiving river. The study sheds light on how benthic biofilms respond to effluent discharge from both ecological and material points of view, providing new insights on the feasibility of utilizing benthic biofilms as robust indicators reflecting river ecological health.
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23
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Maqbool T, Zhang J, Li Q, Qin Y, Chen L, Zhang Z. Occurrence and fate of N-nitrosamines in three full-scale drinking water treatment systems with different treatment trains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146982. [PMID: 33866170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of mutagenic and carcinogenic N-nitrosamines in drinking water is of great concern. In this study, dynamics and removal of nine N-nitrosamines in three drinking water treatment systems of a southern city of China are monitored during one year of sampling. The impacts of physicochemical treatment units on the removal and generation of N-nitrosamines were evaluated. The O3 and KMnO4 based pre-oxidation units have caused an increase in N-nitrosamines concentration, with O3 showing the substantial generation of N-nitrosamines. The carbon filter and ultrafiltration membrane units were found effective in removing N-nitrosamine precursors. These drinking water treatment systems have been useful in removing N-nitrosamine precursors; meanwhile, a slight decrease was found in already formed N-nitrosamines concentration. However, N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) were found resistant toward all kinds of physicochemical treatments, and negligible changes in concentration were noted in all drinking water treatment systems. The distribution networks in the city provided an effective contact period to residual chlorine and precursors, which caused an increase in N-nitrosamines concentration. Overall, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitroso-diethylamine (NDEA) have been found near the cancer risk threshold (10-6) in all of the drinking water treatment systems, while the remaining seven N-nitrosamines were found below the risk level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianye Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanling Qin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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24
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Maqbool T, Li C, Qin Y, Zhang J, Asif MB, Zhang Z. A year-long cyclic pattern of dissolved organic matter in the tap water of a metropolitan city revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144850. [PMID: 33548702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering drinking water with stable quality in metropolitan cities is a big challenge. This study investigated the year-long dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the tap water and source water of a metropolitan city in southern China using fluorescence spectroscopy. The DOM detected in the tap water, and source water of Shenzhen city was season and location-dependent. A year-long cyclic trend of DOM was found with predominate protein-like fluorescence in the dry season compared to the humic-like enriched DOM in the wet season. A general DOM pattern was estimated by measuring the shift in dominant fluorescence regions on the excitation-emission matrix (EEM). The difference in fluorescent DOM (FDOM) composition (in terms of the ratio of protein-like to humic-like fluorescence) was above 200% between wet and dry seasons. The taps associated with reservoirs receiving water from the eastern tributary of Dongjiang River showed significant changes in protein-like contents than the taps with source water originating from the western part of the river. This study highlights the importance of optimizing drinking water treatment plants' operational conditions after considering seasonal changes and source water characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengyue Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanling Qin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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25
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Li X, Ma W, Huang T, Wang A, Guo Q, Zou L, Ding C. Spectroscopic fingerprinting of dissolved organic matter in a constructed wetland-reservoir ecosystem for source water improvement-a case study in Yanlong project, eastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144791. [PMID: 33736401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between constructed wetlands and reservoir (CWs-R) afforded a novel ecosystem to improve the water quality and increase the emergency storage capacity of micro-polluted river drinking water source. In this study, spectroscopic characteristics of DOM in YL CWs-R ecosystem were first systematic studied based on a three-year field monitoring to investigate the chemical composition, sources and track the involved biogeochemical processes in the ecosystem. Three humic-like components (C1, C2, and C4, em >380 nm) and one protein-like component (C3, em < 380 nm) were identified by PARAFAC model. Significant spatiotemporal variations in concentration and composition of FDOM were observed in YL CWs-R ecosystem. The improved water transparency (SD) and, the increased hydraulic retention time (HRT) along YL CWs-R ecosystem enhance photochemical processes, leading to significant decreases in the intensities of humic-like components in effluent (P < 0.05) with lower degrees of aromaticity, molecular weights, and humification (decrease in HIX and increases in SR and BIX). In contrast, no significant spatial difference was observed for protein-like component (P > 0.05), which implies that the biodegradation and production of protein-like component may balance each other in the CWs-R ecosystem. The ecological pond unit plays a major role in the removal and transformation of DOM, especially in summer, while wetland purification unit contributes little to DOM reduction. In addition, the decay of aquatic macrophytes in wetland purification unit and the risk of algal bloom in the ecological pond unit might become important autochthonous sources of DOM, especially in summer and autumn. These findings are critical for further understanding the transformation processes of DOM in large-scale CWs-R ecosystems, and could provide important implications to improve sustainable safety of drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224051, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Weixing Ma
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224051, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224051, China
| | - Lihang Zou
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224051, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224051, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Environmental Protection Equipment, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224051, China.
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