1
|
EMDR Treatment for Persistent Post-Concussion Symptoms Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Study. JOURNAL OF EMDR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1891/emdr-d-21-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The majority of people who experience mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have a healthy recovery, where initial somatic, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral mTBI-related symptoms resolve naturally within hours or days. Unfortunately, a significant minority of people develop persistent post-concussion symptoms, sometimes referred to as persistent post-concussion syndrome (pPCS), often causing severe long-term reduction in well-being and daily function. Psychological and neuropsychological treatments are typically limited to antidepressants, psychoeducation on mTBI and pPCS, basic neurorehabilitative cognitive compensatory strategies, traditional cognitive behavioral therapy, or no treatment at all. This paper discusses a single case study which demonstrates how eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy might provide psychological improvement in clients who sustain mTBI and develop pPCS. The case example describes a 57-year-old man who sustained a mTBI from a serious road traffic collision as a pedestrian and who developed pPCS. Treatment included nine 1.5-hour EMDR sessions across a 5-month period (the first being an assessment). Measures of psychological symptom change and client feedback were taken at pretreatment, midtreatment, posttreatment, and aftertreatment had ceased to gauge long-term status. Measures were taken at 18-month follow-up and 4-year review (which followed litigation settlement). The novel viability for the application of EMDR for this client group isdiscussed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee MS, Kim HS, Park EJ, Bhang SY. Efficacy of the 'Children in Disaster: Evaluation and Recovery (CIDER)' Protocol for Traumatized Adolescents in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e240. [PMID: 32715670 PMCID: PMC7384899 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of trauma-focused group therapy in adolescents exposed to traumatic events in Korea. METHODS We recruited 22 adolescents (mean age, 16 years; standard deviation, 1.43; range, 13-18 years). Children in Disaster: Evaluation and Recovery (CIDER) V1.0 is a trauma-focused group therapy comprising eight 50-minute-long sessions. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated using the Korean version of the Children's Response to Traumatic Events Scale-Revised (K-CRTES-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State Anxiety Inventory for Children (SAIC), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS A significant improvement was revealed in trauma-related symptom scores (Z = -2.85, P < 0.01), depressive symptom scores (Z = -2.35, P < 0.05) and quality of life scores (Z = -3.08, P < 0.01). Additionally, a marginally significant improvement was found in anxiety symptom scores (Z = -1.90, P = 0.058). CONCLUSION CIDER is a potentially effective intervention for adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Larger controlled trials are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0004681.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Sun Lee
- Department of Meditation Psychology, Nungin University, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Anyang, Korea
| | - Soo Young Bhang
- Hallym University Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Anyang, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rahimi F, Rejeh N, Bahrami T, Heravi-Karimooi M, Tadrisi SD, Griffiths P, Vaismoradi M. The effect of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention on anxiety and depression among patients undergoing hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55:652-660. [PMID: 31037733 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention on depression and anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis. DESIGN AND METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, 90 patients were enrolled. The intervention group received six sessions of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention. Data were collected before and 2 weeks after the intervention using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. FINDINGS Measured levels of anxiety and depression were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with preintervention levels and to the control group. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurses can use the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention in clinical practice in combination with psychotropic drugs for the reduction of depression and anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahimi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Elderly Care Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Rejeh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Elderly Care Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Bahrami
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Elderly Care Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majideh Heravi-Karimooi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Elderly Care Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davood Tadrisi
- Deparment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pauline Griffiths
- College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borji M, Tarjoman A, Abdi A, Otaghi M. Efficacy of Implementing Home Care Using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in Reducing Stress of Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1967-1971. [PMID: 31350952 PMCID: PMC6745210 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.7.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal cancer is the third most common types of cancer in the world which leads to a
lot of stress among sufferers. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are used to treat stress induced
by serious diseases. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) technique is considered as one of
non-pharmacological method for decreasing patient’s stress. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the
effect of home care using EMDR technique on the stress of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Materials and
Methods: The current semi-experimental study was performed on patients with gastrointestinal cancer residing in
Ilam, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=30) and control (n=30). Home
care was provided for intervention group in patients’ homes which included 2 sessions (a total of 60 sessions for all
patients). Each session lasted for 45 to 60 minutes according to EMDR protocol. The data were analyzed using SPSS
(version 16). Results: The findings of this study showed that most of patients were male (36, 60%), had diploma
degrees (44, 73.3%), had a monthly income less than 500 thousand (38, 63.3%), were married (39, 65 %). The mean
age of the patients was 69.18 ± 11.58 years. No statistically significant difference was observed between two groups
before the intervention in terms of patients’ perceived stress (P>0.05). However, efficacy and perceived distress of the
intervention group significantly was decreased following the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusions: According to the
findings regarding the impact of home care using EMDR technique on reducing stress in patients with gastrointestinal
cancer, the implementation of this intervention and provision of education for patients are recommended to expand the
nursing duty to community health wards as well as to improve the health status of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Borji
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asma Tarjoman
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoume Otaghi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dautovic E, de Roos C, van Rood Y, Dommerholt A, Rodenburg R. Pediatric seizure-related posttraumatic stress and anxiety symptoms treated with EMDR: a case series. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2016; 7:30123. [PMID: 27387846 PMCID: PMC4933792 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v7.30123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the potential effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in children with epilepsy-related posttraumatic stress and/or anxiety symptoms, using a case series design. METHODS Five children (aged 8-18) with epilepsy identified for seizure-related posttraumatic stress and/or anxiety symptoms were treated with EMDR. To examine potential treatment effects, posttraumatic stress and anxiety symptoms were assessed (CRTI and SCARED) pre- and post-EMDR and at 3-month follow-up. Normative deviation scores were calculated to examine the severity of seizure-related posttraumatic stress and anxiety symptoms over time. The reliable change index was calculated for pre- to posttreatment change of seizure-related posttraumatic stress and/or anxiety symptoms. RESULTS Before EMDR, overall or subscale scores indicated that all children had (sub)clinical seizure-related posttraumatic stress symptoms and/or anxiety symptoms. Directly after EMDR, most children showed significant and/or clinical individual improvement, and these beneficial effects were maintained or reached at follow-up. The mean number of sessions was 2 (range 1-3, 45 min per session). CONCLUSIONS In case of seizure-related posttraumatic stress and/or anxiety, this study indicates that EMDR is a potentially successful quick and safe psychological treatment for children with epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elmedina Dautovic
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Kristal, Centre for Psychiatry and Intellectual Disability, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn de Roos
- Psycho-trauma Center for Children and Youth, Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yanda van Rood
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Dommerholt
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Roos Rodenburg
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Galtrey CM, Mula M, Cock HR. Stress and epilepsy: fact or fiction, and what can we do about it? Pract Neurol 2016; 16:270-8. [PMID: 26933239 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2015-001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
People with epilepsy report that stress is their most common trigger for seizures and some believe it caused their epilepsy in the first place. The extensive preclinical, epidemiological and clinical studies examining the link between stress and epilepsy have given confusing results; the clinical studies in particular are fraught with confounders. However stress is clearly bad for health, and we now have substantial preclinical evidence suggesting that chronic stress worsens epilepsy; in selected cases it may even be a causal factor for epilepsy. Healthcare professionals working with people with epilepsy should pay more attention to stress in clinical practice. This review includes some practical advice and guidance for stress screening and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Galtrey
- Epilepsy Group, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marco Mula
- Epilepsy Group, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Institute of Biomedical & Medical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Hannah R Cock
- Epilepsy Group, Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Institute of Biomedical & Medical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Behnammoghadam M, Alamdari AK, Behnammoghadam A, Darban F. Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on Depression in Patients With Myocardial Infarction (MI). Glob J Health Sci 2015; 7:258-62. [PMID: 26153191 PMCID: PMC4803841 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n6p258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is the most important cause of death and inability in all communities. Depressive symptoms are frequent among post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients and may cause negative effects on cardiac prognosis. This study was conducted to identify efficacy of EMDR on depression of patients with MI. METHODS This study is a clinical trial. Sixty patients with MI were selected by simple sampling, and were separated randomly into experimental and control groups. To collect data, demographic questionnaire and Beck Depression Questionnaire were used. In experimental group, EMDR therapy were performed in three sessions alternate days for 45-90 minutes, during four months after their MI. Depression level of patients was measured before, and a week after EMDR therapy. Data were analyzed using paired -t- test, t-test, and Chi-square. RESULTS The mean depression level in experimental group 27.26±6.41 before intervention, and it was 11.76±3.71 after intervention. Hence, it showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The mean depression level in control group was 24.53±5.81 before intervention, and it was 31.66±6.09 after intervention, so it showed statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The comparison of mean depression level at post treatment, in both groups showed statistically significant difference (P<0.001). CONCLUSION EMDR is an effective, useful, efficient, and non-invasive method for treatment and reducing depression in patients with MI.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodenburg R, Benjamin A, Meijer AM, Jongeneel R. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in an adolescent with epilepsy and mild intellectual disability. Epilepsy Behav 2009; 16:175-80. [PMID: 19664963 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability is a comorbid condition in epilepsy. People with epilepsy and intellectual disability are at high risk of developing behavioral problems. Among the many contributors to behavioral problems in people with epilepsy and intellectual disability are those of traumatic experiences. As such, behavioral problems can be seen as a reflection of these traumatic experiences. Among established trauma therapies, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an emerging treatment that is effective in adults and also seems to be effective in children. This article is a case report of EMDR in an adolescent with epilepsy and mild intellectual disability, in whom the EMDR children's protocol was used. The aim was to assess whether clinical trauma status significantly diminished to nonclinical status posttreatment. Change in trauma symptoms was evaluated with the Reliable Change Index (RCI). Results showed a significant decrease in trauma symptoms toward nonclinical status from pretreatment to posttreatment. EMDR consequences for epilepsy and intellectual disability are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roos Rodenburg
- Epilepsy Institute in The Netherlands Foundation, Heemstede, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|