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Alibudbud R. Wikipedia page views for health research: a review. Front Big Data 2023; 6:1199060. [PMID: 37469441 PMCID: PMC10353851 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2023.1199060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wikipedia is an open-source online encyclopedia and one of the most-read sources of online health information. Likewise, Wikipedia page views have also been analyzed to inform public health services and policies. The present review analyzed 29 studies utilizing Wikipedia page views for health research. Most reviewed studies were published in recent years and emanated from high-income countries. Together with Wikipedia page views, most studies also used data from other internet sources, such as Google, Twitter, YouTube, and Reddit. The reviewed studies also explored various non-communicable diseases, infectious diseases, and health interventions to describe changes in the utilization of online health information from Wikipedia, to examine the effect of public events on public interest and information usage about health-related Wikipedia pages, to estimate and predict the incidence and prevalence of diseases, to predict data from other internet data sources, to evaluate the effectiveness of health education activities, and to explore the evolution of a health topic. Given some of the limitations in replicating some of the reviewed studies, future research can specify the specific Wikipedia page or pages analyzed, the language of the Wikipedia pages examined, dates of data collection, dates explored, type of data, and whether page views were limited to Internet users and whether web crawlers and redirects to the Wikipedia page were included. Future research can also explore public interest in other commonly read health topics available in Wikipedia, develop Wikipedia-based models that can be used to predict disease incidence and improve Wikipedia-based health education activities.
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Kuramochi I, Iwayama T, Oga K, Shiganami T, Umemura T, Kobayashi S, Yasuda T, Yoshimasu H. Internet survey on knowledge and perceptions of epilepsy among the general public in Japan. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12254. [PMID: 36578391 PMCID: PMC9791342 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To improve the life quality of people with epilepsy, it is necessary to provide comprehensive epilepsy care and disseminate accurate information related to epilepsy to the public. In Japan, reports of traffic accidents involving people with epilepsy started to draw attention in the media in 2011. Ever since that, the association between the image of epilepsy from the general public, "Epilepsy," and "Danger," was more robust in 2013. Since 2017, no previous surveys have examined the perceptions and knowledge of epilepsy among the public in Japan. As an essential source of information for epilepsy care, we conducted a nationwide Internet-based survey to elucidate the current state of knowledge and perceptions of epilepsy among the public without epilepsy in Japan. Methods We conducted an online survey from July 29 to August 2, 2021, with 213 respondents (115 male, 97 female, and one unidentified; mean age: 50.52 ± 12.34 years) registered with an online survey service in Japan. In this survey, we first questioned whether or not a respondent had epilepsy, and then those with epilepsy were excluded from participation. We collected basic demographic information, administered the Epilepsy Knowledge Scale (18 items), and asked the open-ended response question, "What kind of disease do you think epilepsy is? If you do not know, please describe epilepsy in your words." We adopted quantitative text analysis using KH Coder3 and co-occurrence network analysis to examine the connections between words. Results Among the respondents, 92% have heard of epilepsy, and 26.8% have observed an epileptic seizure before the survey. The knowledge scale yields an average score of 27.96 ± 21.3 (out of 100), with the question with the highest percentage of correct responses being "People with epilepsy are just as capable as other people" at 51.64%. The question with the lowest percentage of correct responses was "If the person with epilepsy only has seizures during sleep, the person can have a driver's license," at 9.85%. The average number of Japanese characters responding to open-ended text questions was 10.45 ± 8.87 characters (including Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana). We found that the word "froth" appeared more frequently with experience of observing a seizure, and the words "occur" and "brain" appeared more frequently with higher knowledge of epilepsy. Furthermore, comparing the sources of information from what they learned about epilepsy, the words "seizure," "faint," and "consciousness" appeared more frequently in school, with family and friends, and in newspapers and television, respectively. Conclusion We identified the level of knowledge and perceptions of epilepsy among the general public in Japan in 2021. By analyzing the qualitative aspects of open-ended text responses, we gathered information that might be useful for informing the public of future efforts to provide accurate information related to epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Kuramochi
- Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan,Mara Hospital, Bethel Epilepsy Center, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Takayuki Iwayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan,Department of Psychology, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koko Oga
- Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan,Department of Nursing, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shiganami
- Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Umemura
- Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruo Yoshimasu
- Department of Psychiatry, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Chakraborty P, Sanchez NA, Kaddumukasa M, Kajumba M, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Van Noord M, Kaddumukasa MN, Nakasujja N, Haglund MM, Koltai DC. Stigma reduction interventions for epilepsy: A systematized literature review. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107381. [PMID: 32883610 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a disease that is stigmatized globally. Several studies have introduced sensitization efforts to reduce stigma towards people with epilepsy (PWE) in various settings. Although sensitization efforts have shown some evidence of improved attitudes towards epilepsy, progress has been limited. This systematized literature review summarizes the existing literature concerning interventions that reduce stigma towards PWE. By conducting an overview of existing interventions, we aimed to consolidate knowledge and outcomes of existing efforts as well as highlight gaps and directions for future interventions. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase for English-language studies published between January 1, 1970 and November 15, 2017 that focused on stigma reduction strategies for PWE in any global setting. Studies were included if they described a stigma reduction intervention for epilepsy. Studies were excluded if they were reviews, editorials, conference proceedings, abstracts, or did not discuss a stigma reduction intervention. We thematically grouped studies based on type(s) of intervention(s) addressed and summarized interventions, outcome measures, and results for each study included in the review. RESULTS Of the 1975 initial citations, 32 studies met our inclusion criteria. Interventions clustered into four broad categories including public awareness interventions, policy-based interventions, school-based interventions, and interventions that targeted PWE themselves as well as their caregivers and peers. Efficacy of these interventions as reported by the authors was mixed. Many studies did not use validated outcome measures to assess stigma. CONCLUSIONS Although intervention efforts have been made towards epilepsy stigma reduction at many levels, stigma towards and discrimination against PWE prevail worldwide. About 75% of the studies included in this review were conducted in high-income countries (HICs) despite the disproportional need in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, robust outcome measures to assess efficacy in stigma reduction for interventions are lacking, calling into question the validity of reported outcomes for both positive and null findings. Therefore, more work is needed in both developing effective stigma reduction strategies, especially in LMICs, and validating tools to measure their efficacy. This article is part of the Special Issue "The Intersection of Culture, Resources, and Disease: Epilepsy Care in Uganda".
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chakraborty
- Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Box 3807 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadine A Sanchez
- Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Box 3807 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mayanja Kajumba
- Department of Mental Health and Community Psychology, Makerere University School of Psychology, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Mulago Hill Road, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Megan Van Noord
- Duke University Medical Center Library, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Martin N Kaddumukasa
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Neurology Unit, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Noeline Nakasujja
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael M Haglund
- Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Box 3807 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deborah C Koltai
- Duke Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Box 3807 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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