DYNC1H1 regulates NSCLC cell growth and metastasis by IFN-γ-JAK-STAT signaling and is associated with an aberrant immune response

Comparative proteomic analysis of saliva from chewing tobacco users and oral cancer patients reveals shared biomarkers: A case control observational study

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to compare the salivary proteomic profile of smokeless tobacco users with that of non-users and oral cancer patients using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/ Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

METHODS

Saliva samples from 65 participants were collected in three groups: control (25 participants), smokeless tobacco users (25 participants), and oral cancer (15 participants).

RESULTS

The analysis revealed 343 protein groups with significantly altered abundance in the saliva samples (P < 0.05). Among these, 43 out of 51 dysregulated proteins in the smokeless tobacco group were also dysregulated in the oral cancer group. Notably, Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and Pon1 were found to be significantly increased in both smokeless tobacco users and oral cancer patients (p < 0.05). Furthermore, six out of the 20 most significantly altered proteins were mitochondrial proteins, and all of these were decreased relative to controls in both smokeless tobacco users and cancer samples.

CONCLUSION

The proteomic profile of users of chewing (smokeless) tobacco (SLT) shows substantial overlap in the altered pathways and dysregulated proteins with those altered in oral cancer samples, suggesting that SLT use induces a shift toward an oncogenic state. Specifically indicated pathways included blood microparticles, platelet α-granules and protease inhibitors as well as indicators of oxidative stress and exogenous compound processing. What differentiates oral cancer samples from SLT users is enrichment of alterations related to cytoskeletal organisation and tissue remodelling.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

The findings emphasize the importance of salivary proteomic profiles because changes in certain proteins may be indicators for early oral cancer identification and risk assessment in smokeless tobacco users.

RNA sequencing and proteomic profiling reveal alterations by MPTP in chronic stomach mucosal injury in tree shrew Chinese (Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that can cause gastrointestinal ulcers by affecting dopamine levels. Therefore, MPTP has been considered a toxic substance that causes gastric ulcer disease in experimental animals. In this study, tree shrews were used as the animal model of gastric mucosa injury, and MPTP was intraperitoneally injected at a lower MPTP dosage 2 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks, while tree shrews were not injected as the control group. Under the light microscope, local congestion or diffuse bleeding points of gastric mucosa and multiple redness and swelling bleeding symptoms on the inner wall were observed in the treatment group, as well as immune cell infiltration was found in HE staining, but no such phenomenon was observed in the control group. In order to explore the molecular basis of changes in MPTP induced gastric mucosa injury, the transcriptome and proteome data of gastric mucosa were analyzed. We observed significant differences in mRNA and protein expression levels under the influence of MPTP. The changes in mRNA and proteins are related to increased immune infiltration, cellular processes and angiogenesis. More differentially expressed genes play a role in immune function, especially the candidate genes RPL4 and ANXA1 with significant signal and core role. There are also differentially expressed genes that play a role in mucosal injury and shedding, especially candidate genes GAST and DDC with certain signaling and corresponding functions. Understanding the factors and molecular basis that affect the expression of related genes is crucial for coping with Emotionality gastric mucosa injury disease and developing new treatment methods to establish the ability to resist disease.

Gene expression analysis of SOCS, STAT and PIAS genes in lung cancer patients

One of the most devastating diseases with the highest prevalence and mortality rate worldwide is lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the subtype of lung cancer in 85% of cases. In this work, the expression levels of the STAT, SOCS and PIAS family genes involved in angiogenesis, proliferation and differentiation were examined. Using QRT-PCR technique, the expression level of STAT3 gene was assessed and tumor tissue samples had higher expression than normal tissue. In addition, the histological grade of adenocarcinoma was associated with the increase in STAT3 gene expression. The expression of the SOCS1 and SOCS2 genes in tumors was measured to be 0.58-fold and 0.36-fold lower than in healthy samples adjacent to the tumor, but this reduction in expression was not significant. In addition, when examining the relationship between the expression of SOCS1 and 2 and the clinical features of tumor samples, there was a significant decrease in the expression of the SOCS1 and 2 genes in the adenocarcinoma subtype. Compared to neighboring tumor samples, the expression of PIAS1 in the tumors was not different with controls. Our research revealed that tissue samples from adenocarcinoma had higher levels of STAT3 expression. Taken together, the mentioned genes can be suggested as possible targets for further studies in NSCLC.

Lung cancer treatment potential and limits associated with the STAT family of transcription factors

Lung cancer is one of the mortal cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a cancer survival rate of fewer than 5% in developing nations. This low survival rate can be linked to things like late-stage detection, quick postoperative recurrences in patients receiving therapy, and chemoresistance developing against various lung cancer treatments. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors are involved in lung cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, immunological control, and treatment resistance. By interacting with specific DNA sequences, STAT proteins trigger the production of particular genes, which in turn result in adaptive and incredibly specific biological responses. In the human genome, seven STAT proteins have been discovered (STAT1 to STAT6, including STAT5a and STAT5b). Many external signaling proteins can activate unphosphorylated STATs (uSTATs), which are found inactively in the cytoplasm. When STAT proteins are activated, they can increase the transcription of several target genes, which leads to unchecked cellular proliferation, anti-apoptotic reactions, and angiogenesis. The effects of STAT transcription factors on lung cancer are variable; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic, while others maintain dual, context-dependent activities. Here, we give a succinct summary of the various functions that each member of the STAT family plays in lung cancer and go into more detail about the advantages and disadvantages of pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of lung cancer treatment.

Mitochondrial Metabolism and EV Cargo of Endothelial Cells Is Affected in Presence of EVs Derived from MSCs on Which HIF Is Activated

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted growing interest as a possible novel therapeutic agent for the management of different cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hypoxia significantly enhances the secretion of angiogenic mediators from MSCs as well as sEVs. The iron-chelating deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) is a stabilizer of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and consequently used as a substitute for environmental hypoxia. The improved regenerative potential of DFO-treated MSCs has been attributed to the increased release of angiogenic factors, but whether this effect is also mediated by the secreted sEVs has not yet been investigated. In this study, we treated adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with a nontoxic dose of DFO to harvest sEVs (DFO-sEVs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with DFO-sEVs underwent mRNA sequencing and miRNA profiling of sEV cargo (HUVEC-sEVs). The transcriptomes revealed the upregulation of mitochondrial genes linked to oxidative phosphorylation. Functional enrichment analysis on miRNAs of HUVEC-sEVs showed a connection with the signaling pathways of cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In conclusion, mesenchymal cells treated with DFO release sEVs that induce in the recipient endothelial cells molecular pathways and biological processes strongly linked to proliferation and angiogenesis.

A Prognosis Marker Dynein Cytoplasmic 1 Heavy Chain 1 Correlates with EMT and Immune Signature in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Bioinformatics and Experimental Analysis

Background

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) has had a continuous increase in incidence and mortality rates over the last 40 years. Dynein Cytoplasmic 1 Heavy Chain 1 (DYNC1H1) is a protein coding gene which encodes the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain family. This is the first investigation into the expression of DYNC1H1 and its mechanisms of action in LIHC patients.

Methods

Based on the DYNC1H1 expression data from the TCGA database, we performed the DYNC1H1 expression, clinicopathological data, gene enrichment, and immune infiltration analysis. TIMER and CIBERSORT were used to assess immune responses of DYNC1H1 in LIHC. GEPIA, K-M survival analysis, and immunohistochemical staining pictures from the THPA were used to validate the results. In order to evaluate the diagnostic value of DYNC1H1, GEO datasets were analyzed by using ROC analysis. And quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was also carried out to evaluate the expression of DYNC1H1.

Results

DYNC1H1 expression levels were associated with T classification, pathologic stage, histologic grade, and serum AFP levels. DYNC1H1 is an independent factor for a poor prognosis in patients with LIHC. Further study showed that high expression of DYNC1H1 was enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the TGF β signaling pathway by GSEA analysis enrichment, indicating that DYNC1H1 might play a key role in the progression of CRC through EMT and immune response, which also had been validated by the experimental assays.

Conclusions

DYNC1H1 will provide a novel and important perspective for the mechanisms of LIHC by regulating EMT. This gene will be able to act as an efficacious tool for the early diagnosis and effective intervention of LIHC.