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Gulcelik NE, Akin S, Aydin K, Aydin Mericoz C, Guler Tezel YG, Usman A. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with lymphocytic thyroiditis. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:379-386. [PMID: 35775885 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic inflammatory conditions and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We hypothesized that, as VEGF expression is increased both in PTC and in lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT), it may stimulate the development of PTC in patients with LT. To evaluate this, we examined both tumor and adjacent non-tumoral tissues of PTC patients with and without LT. METHODS A total of 50 patients with PTC (52.50±7.41 years) and 17 patients with nodular goiter (NG) (50.47±10.38 years) were included in the study. According to the presence of LT, patients with PTC were further divided into two groups. Immunohistochemical analyses of VEGF were conducted in all patients and for PTC patients, both tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumoral tissue were evaluated. RESULTS The scores for intensity of staining and percentage of labeled thyrocytes for VEGF were found to be significantly higher in the PTC patients than in the NG patients (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). The tumor tissue revealed similar scores for PTC patients with LT and without LT. However, the scores in adjacent non-tumoral tissue were higher in PTC patients with LT than in patients without LT (P=0.004, P=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, our results are the first to demonstrate that the expression of VEGF in adjacent non-tumoral tissue were higher in PTC patients with LT than in those without, which shows a possible role of VEGF expression in the progression of PTC in the presence of LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese E Gulcelik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye -
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye -
| | - Safak Akin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kadriye Aydin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cisel Aydin Mericoz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Pathology, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yesim G Guler Tezel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aydan Usman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Private Clinic, Ankara, Türkiye
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Al-Maghrabi JA, Gomaa W. High COX-2 immunostaining in papillary thyroid carcinoma is associated with adverse survival outcomes. Ann Saudi Med 2022; 42:359-365. [PMID: 36444921 PMCID: PMC9706716 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2022.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. More than 70%-80% are papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Many factors influence the PTC pathway of development such as genetic mutations, growth factors, and radiation. More biological understanding of the genetic and molecular pathways is needed in PTC to determine tumor behavior, and initial clinical assessment. OBJECTIVES Investigate the relation of COX-2 immunostaining in thyroid carcinoma with clinicopathological parameters to assess whether immunostaining results have prognostic significance. DESIGN Retrospective study SETTING: Pathology department, tertiary care center METHODS: Records of PTC were retrieved and tissue microarrays were constructed. Tissue sections were stained using anti-human COX-2 monoclonal antibody. Immunostaining results were recorded and analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relationship of COX-2 immunostaining in thyroid carcinoma with clinicopathological parameters. SAMPLE SIZE 139 tissue samples from 139 patients RESULTS: High versus low COX-2 immunostaining showed no significant differences for most clinicopathological parameters. However, high COX-2 immunostaining showed borderline association with tumor multifocality (P=.05), lower overall (log-rank=8.739 and P=.003), and disease-free survival (log-rank=7.033, P=.008). CONCLUSION The study showed a positive association of high COX-2 immunostaining with lower survival outcomes in PTC. COX-2 immunostaining could be a potential prognostic factor for survival in PTC. Additional molecular and clinical investigations are needed for further understanding the molecular pathways of COX-2 in PTC and the feasibility of using inhibitors of COX-2 as adjuvant therapy along with current chemotherapy. LIMITATIONS Relatively low number of PTC variants, and no testing of other thyroid carcinomas. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wafaey Gomaa
- From the Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,From the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
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Alonso-Diez A, Affolter V, Sevane N, Dunner S, Valdivia G, Clemente M, De Andrés P, Illera J, Pérez-Alenza M, Peña L. Cell adhesion molecules E-cadherin and CADM1 are differently expressed in canine inflammatory mammary cancer. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:307-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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LI Y, WEN X, WU J, XIANG D, QUAN J. Expression and correlation of cycde-2 protein and nuclear factor kB in serum of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.125521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing LI
- Chongqing Jiangjin District Central Hospital, China
| | - Xing WEN
- Chongqing Jiangjin District Central Hospital, China
| | - Jie WU
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, China
| | - Debing XIANG
- Chongqing Jiangjin District Central Hospital, China
| | - Jin QUAN
- Chongqing Jiangjin District Central Hospital, China
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Jiang S, Yan J, Chen X, Xie Q, Lin W, Lin T, Li Q. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits thyroid cancer cell migration and proliferation via activation of miR-524-5p. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:164-170. [PMID: 35154537 PMCID: PMC8826983 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid cancer is an important disease that threatens the health of humans. Ginsenoside Rh2 is known as an anticancer molecule; however, its function in thyroid cancer cells has not been reported. In the present study, we identified that Rh2 treatment of the thyroid cancer cell line K1 inhibited cell migration and proliferation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We determined the Rh2 function in thyroid cancer cell lines. By RT-PCR, expression of miR-524-5p and related genes were determined. The cell phenotype including cell migration and proliferation were detected after serials treatment. The relevant protein level were checked by Western blot. RESULTS Interestingly, we observed that miR-524-5p, a type of miRNA, had lower expression in the thyroid cancer cell lines TPC-1, K1, and NPA than in the normal thyroid cell line Nthyri3-1. Additionally, Rh2 treatment induced miR-524-5p expression. Further examination using overexpression of miR-524-5p identified that the miR-524-5p mimic inhibited cell migration and proliferation of the K1 line. Similar to Rh2-treated cells, the miR-524-5p mimic-expressing cells had increased E-cadherin and reduced vimentin levels compared to the control cells. Next, we examined the relationship between Rh2 and miR-524-5p with respect to thyroid cell migration and proliferation. Treatment with Rh2 and miR-524-5p inhibitor suppressed Rh2 action on K1 thyroid cell migration and proliferation, and the rates were similar to those in control cells, suggesting that Rh2 might induce miR-524-5p expression to inhibit thyroid cancer cell migration and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses identified Rh2 and miR-524-5p action on thyroid cancer cell migration and proliferation as well as the linkage between Rh2 and miR-524-5p in thyroid cancer cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Vascular Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiqi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingsheng Chen
- Department of Vascular Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingji Xie
- Department of Vascular Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Vascular Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Vascular Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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BÖLÜKBAŞI H, YILMAZ S. Nötrofil lenfosit oranı: Papiller tiroit kanserini multinodüler guatrdan gerçekten ayırt eder mi? EGE TIP DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.888863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Parvathareddy SK, Siraj AK, Annaiyappanaidu P, Al-Sobhi SS, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS. Prognostic Significance of COX-2 Overexpression in BRAF-Mutated Middle Eastern Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249498. [PMID: 33327467 PMCID: PMC7764962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)–prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway has been implicated in carcinogenesis, with BRAF mutation shown to promote PGE2 synthesis. This study was conducted to evaluate COX-2 expression in a large cohort of Middle Eastern papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and further evaluate the prognostic significance of COX-2 expression in strata of BRAF mutation status. BRAF mutation analysis was performed using Sanger sequencing, and COX-2 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically using tissue microarray (TMA). COX-2 overexpression, noted in 43.2% (567/1314) of cases, was significantly associated with poor prognostic markers such as extra-thyroidal extension, lymph-node metastasis, and higher tumor stage. COX-2 was also an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival (DFS). Most notably, the association of COX-2 expression with DFS differed by BRAF mutation status. COX-2 overexpression was associated with poor DFS in BRAF-mutant but not BRAF wild-type PTCs, with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of 2.10 (95% CI = 1.52–2.92; p < 0.0001) for COX-2 overexpressed tumors in BRAF-mutant PTC. In conclusion, the current study shows that COX-2 plays a key role in prognosis of PTC patients, especially in BRAF-mutated tumors. Our data suggest the potential therapeutic role of COX-2 inhibition in patients with BRAF-mutated PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Parvathareddy
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Abdul K. Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Saif S. Al-Sobhi
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.P.); (A.K.S.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-205-5167
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Chou CK, Chi SY, Chou FF, Huang SC, Wang JH, Chen CC, Kang HY. Aberrant Expression of Androgen Receptor Associated with High Cancer Risk and Extrathyroidal Extension in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051109. [PMID: 32365531 PMCID: PMC7281729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male gender is a risk factor for mortality in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This study investigated the impact of androgen receptor (AR) gene expression on the clinical features and progression of PTC. The levels of AR mRNA and protein in frozen, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from PTC and adjacent normal thyroid tissue were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, and the relationships between AR expression and clinical features were analyzed. The thyroid cancer cell lines, BCPAP and TPC-1, were used to evaluate the effects of AR on the regulation of cell migration, and key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. AR mRNA expression was significantly higher in normal thyroid tissue from men than women. The sex difference in AR mRNA expression diminished during PTC tumorigenesis, as AR mRNA expression levels were lower in PTC than normal thyroid tissues from both men and women. AR mRNA expression was significantly decreased in PTC patients with higher risk and in those with extrathyroidal extension. Overexpression of AR in BCPAP cells decreased cell migration and repressed the EMT process by down-regulating mRNA expression of N-cadherin, Snail1, Snail2, Vimentin, and TWIST1 and up-regulating E-cadherin gene expression. These results suggest that suppression of the androgen-AR axis may lead to aggressive tumor behavior in patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Kai Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yu Chi
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Fu Chou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chen Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Chen Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8898)
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Aydın K, Ersöz Gülçelik N, Tuncel M, Balcı C, Akın Ş, Çınar N, Fırat F, Çağlar M, Usman A, Gürlek A. Thyroid volumes and serum VEGF levels in dyslipidemic patients: effects of statin treatment. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:738-745. [PMID: 31203592 PMCID: PMC7018346 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1708-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Defective vascularization may be important in thyroid nodular disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in dyslipidemic patients with thyroid nodules, as well as the effects of statin therapy. Materials and methods The study included 37 dyslipidemic patients with thyroid nodules and 32 dyslipidemic patients without thyroid nodules. Anthropometry, serum VEGF levels, biochemical parameters, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels, and thyroid sonography were determined before and after 6 months of statin therapy. Results Patients with and without thyroid nodules had similar metabolic parameters. Serum VEGF levels did not differ between the groups. In patients with nodules, VEGF levels remained unchanged (P = 0.931) after statin therapy. However, serum VEGF levels were lowered by statin treatment in patients without nodules (P = 0.030). Statin therapy resulted in a decrease in the dominant thyroid nodule volume. The changes in thyroid volume and dominant thyroid nodule volume were not correlated with changes in VEGF, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Conclusion Although statin treatment decreases serum VEGF levels in dyslipidemic patients without thyroid nodules, it has no lowering effect on serum VEGF levels in patients with thyroid nodules. The decrease in thyroid nodule volume with statin treatment was associated with neither metabolic parameters nor serum VEGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Aydın
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Neşe Ersöz Gülçelik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Gülhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Tuncel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cafer Balcı
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şafak Akın
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neşe Çınar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Firuzan Fırat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Çağlar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydan Usman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alper Gürlek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yamazaki H, Yokose T, Hayashi H, Iwasaki H, Osanai S, Suganuma N, Nakayama H, Masudo K, Rino Y, Masuda M. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and clinical response to lenvatinib in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:649-654. [PMID: 30051190 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development, growth, and metastasis of carcinomas, and studies have reported conflicting evidence regarding the VEGFR expression in anaplastic thyroid cancer. We investigated the expression of VEGFR2 in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and analyzed the clinical response to the VEGFR inhibitor lenvatinib. METHODS This cross-sectional study included primary tumor samples obtained from 12 patients with ATC, including 5 males and 7 females (age range 63-89 years) who underwent surgery or core needle biopsy for a thyroid tumor in the Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery at Kanagawa Cancer Center in Kanagawa, Japan. VEGFR2 protein expression in the ATC samples was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in all patients, and the therapeutic effect of lenvatinib was evaluated in seven patients who underwent tissue biopsy and lesion evaluation. RESULTS VEGFR expression was not detected in any of the samples from the 12 patients. Four of the 12 patients treated with lenvatinib had partial response, the three patients achieved stable disease, and the five patients were not examined. CONCLUSIONS There was no correlation between the expression of VEGFR2 in tumor tissue and the clinical response to lenvatinib among patients with ATC. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism underlying the response to lenvatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Yamazaki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwasaki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachie Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Suganuma
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Masudo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minamiku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawaku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wang R, Ma Q, Ji L, Yao Y, Ma M, Wen Q. miR-622 suppresses tumor formation by directly targeting VEGFA in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1501-1509. [PMID: 29593418 PMCID: PMC5865575 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reportedly to play crucial roles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, the discovery of miRNAs may provide a new and powerful tool for diagnosis and treatment of PTC. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the biological function and underlying mechanism of miR-622 in PTC. Materials and methods The expression levels of miR-622 in PTC patient tissues and cell lines were determined by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The biological function including cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, as well as underling mechanism of miR-622 in PTC, were also evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results miR-622 expression level was significantly downregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. Decreased miR-622 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). The overexpression of miR-622 in TPC-1 cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, as well as suppress tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we also demonstrated that miR-622 specifically targeted the 3'-UTR regions of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and inhibited its expression both mRNA level and protein levels. Overexpression of VEGFA reversed miR-622-mediated inhibition effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in thyroid cancer cells. More importantly, VEGFA expression was significantly increased and inversely correlated with the levels of miR-622 in PTC tissues. Conclusion These results show that miR-622 acts as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer, at least in part, via targeting VEGFA, and suggest that miR-622 may serves as a potential target for treatment of thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengshi Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Dong W, Li J, Li J, Zhang P, Wang Z, Sun W, Zhang H. Reduced expression of oestrogen receptor-β is associated with tumour invasion and metastasis in oestrogen receptor-α-negative human papillary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:15-21. [PMID: 29655286 PMCID: PMC5917391 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestrogens play an important role in the development and progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through oestrogen receptor (ER)-α and -β, which may exert different or even opposing actions in PTC. The roles of ERβ in ERα-negative PTC are still not clear. This study investigated the expression dynamics of ERβ1 (wild-type ERβ) and its clinical significance in female ERα-negative PTC patients. ERβ1 expression was detected in thyroid tissues of 136 female patients diagnosed with PTC. The relationships between ERβ1 expression and clinicopathological/biological factors were also analysed in female ERα-negative PTC patients. The total score for ERβ1 was significantly lower in female ERα-negative PTC patients with LNM or ETE when compared to those without LNM or ETE (Z = -2.923, P = 0.003 and Z = -3.441, P = 0.001). Accordingly, the total score for ERβ1 was significantly higher in ERα-negative PTC patients expressing E-cadherin compared to patients negative for E-cadherin expression (Z = -2.636, P = 0.008). The total score was lower in ERα-negative PTC patients positive for VEGF expression compared to those negative for VEGF expression (Z = -1.914, P = 0.056). This preliminary study indicates that reduced expression of ERβ1 in female ERα-negative PTC patients is associated with greater progression of the disease. This may provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of ERβ1 and could help design targeted approaches for treating or even preventing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Wu Dong
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jian Li
- Department of SurgeryJinqiu Hospital of LiaoningShenyangChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismInstitute of EndocrinologyLiaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine DiseasesThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Zhi‐Hong Wang
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo activity of a multityrosine kinase inhibitor, AL3810, against human thyroid cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1533-1542. [PMID: 28795691 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine neoplasia. Despite recent breakthroughs in treatment of the disease, the treatment of advanced, progressive thyroid cancers remains challenging with limited therapeutic options available. In this study, we evaluated a novel and orally bioavailable small-molecule multiple tyrosine kinases inhibitor, AL3810, in preclinical models of thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. AL3810 (2-5 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of human thyroid cancer cell lines TT, SW579 and TPC-1 in vitro with IC50 values ranging from 0.59 to 7.03 μmol/L. Specifically, this agent dose-dependently arrested the thyroid cancer cells in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, AL3810 dose-dependently inhibited the migration and invasion of SW579 and TPC-1 cells in vitro. In SW579 and TT xenograft models, oral administration of AL3810 (5-20 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 21 d potently inhibited the tumor growth; immunohistochemical staining revealed that the antitumor activity of AL3810 was closely correlated with its anti-angiogenesis effect, as evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction of microvessels in tumor tissues. To assess the therapeutic potential of AL3810 in treating thyroid cancer involving RET gene fusion, we showed that AL3810 (1-10 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of RET-driven Baf3 cell line Baf3-CCDC6-RET, and the auto-phosphorylation of RET in these cells. Our data suggest that AL3810 is a promising agent for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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14
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Huang XQ, He WS, Zhang HQ, Yang R, Huang T. Relationship between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: A meta-analysis. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:661-666. [PMID: 29058277 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). VEGF-related articles that had been published until August 2016 were searched from the PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE to identify the risk factors of LNM in PTC. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis. Finally, 9 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. LNM was found to be present in 176 of 318 patients (57.8%) with high VEGF expression and in 71 of 159 patients (47.0%) with low VEGF expression. The overall OR was 2.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.49-5.29). LNM occurred more frequently in patients with high VEGF expression than in those with low VEGF expression (P=0.001). Heterogeneity was markedly decreased in the subgroup analyses of LNM in terms of the patients' country of origin and the detection methods. Our meta- analysis concluded that the VEGF protein expression is associated with LNM in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wen-Shan He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui-Qiong Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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15
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Ivanova K, Ananiev J, Aleksandrova E, Ignatova MM, Gulubova M. Expression of E-Cadherin/Beta-Catenin in Epithelial Carcinomas of the Thyroid Gland. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:155-159. [PMID: 28507620 PMCID: PMC5420766 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aberrant activation of Wnt signalling pathway may be a common denominator for the development of thyroid tumorigenesis. It was announced that the loss of E-cadherin rather than β-catenin mutation represents a crucial event in determining the degree of differentiation of thyroid carcinomas. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the thyroid cancer tissue and to correlate these data with some histological and clinical parameters of the tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated 112 patients, having thyroid tumours - papillary, follicular, anaplastic and oncocytic carcinomas immunohistochemically with antibodies against E-cadherin and β-catenin. Survival analyses were done. RESULTS E-cadherin expression was focally retained in the tumour cell membranes and the tumour cell cytoplasm of the papillary, follicular and oncocytic thyroid cancers, weather in anaplastic cancers it was almost lost (p = 0.0042, and p = 0.019, respectively, Fisher's Exact Test). The expression of β-catenin in tumour cytoplasm and membrane in papillary cancers was higher as compared to that in the other tumours (p = 0.111, and p = 0.0104, respectively). CONCLUSION Not surprisingly, the presence of aberrant expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in thyroid cancer has been associated with better patients' prognosis and better differentiated tumour histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koni Ivanova
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, General and Clinical Pathology, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Julian Ananiev
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, General and Clinical Pathology, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Aleksandrova
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, General and Clinical Pathology, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | | | - Maya Gulubova
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, General and Clinical Pathology, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Perisa MM, Sarcevic B, Troselj KG, Grsic K, Sitic S, Seiwerth S. Expression of nm23-H1 and COX-2 in thyroid papillary carcinoma and microcarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3547-3555. [PMID: 28521457 PMCID: PMC5431143 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of non-metastatic expressed/non-metastatic 23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (nm23-H1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) proteins in thyroid carcinoma have been analysed in a number of previous studies, but this requires further study. The current study focused on the expression levels of nm23-H1 and COX-2 in 130 human thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) tissues. Of the 130 PTC tissues, 55 were classified as microcarcinoma and may provide information on the development of the specific characteristics of this tumour type. Routine histopathological examination and immunohistochemical detection of nm23-H1 and COX-2 expression was performed on 130 PTC tissues from patients treated in the Clinical Hospital for Tumours (Zagreb, Croatia) between January 2000 and December 2007. The stain intensity of nm23-H1 and COX-2 proteins was compared with the characteristics of the patients and the tumour. The highest overall expression rate of nm23-H1 and COX-2 was 90 and 67.6%, respectively, and the joint expression of these proteins was statistically significant. The median expression level of nm23-H1 was significantly increased in the classical and follicular histological group of the PTC tissues compared with tissues from other histological groups. The median expression level of COX-2 was significantly increased in the follicular histological group, and reduced in the diffuse-sclerosing group of PTC tissues. All the metastatic microcarcinoma tissues had increased expression levels of the two proteins in comparison with microcarcinoma tissues without lymph node metastases; however, this variation was only statistically significant for COX-2 expression levels. Therefore the results of the current study indicate that COX-2 protein levels may be able to differentiate which thyroid papillary microcarcinoma tumours possess metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Milkovic Perisa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University Hospital for Tumours, Sisters of Charity Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Bozena Sarcevic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University Hospital for Tumours, Sisters of Charity Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Gall Troselj
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Kresimir Grsic
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumours, Sisters of Charity Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sanda Sitic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University Hospital for Tumours, Sisters of Charity Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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17
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Tahara M, Schlumberger M, Elisei R, Habra MA, Kiyota N, Paschke R, Dutcus CE, Hihara T, McGrath S, Matijevic M, Kadowaki T, Funahashi Y, Sherman SI. Exploratory analysis of biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes from the study of lenvatinib in differentiated cancer of the thyroid. Eur J Cancer 2017; 75:213-221. [PMID: 28237867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo in the phase III Study of (E7080) LEnvatinib in differentiated Cancer of the Thyroid (SELECT) of patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. This exploratory analysis investigated potential predictive biomarkers of lenvatinib efficacy and target engagement. PATIENTS AND METHODS Circulating cytokine/angiogenic factors (CAFs) in blood samples collected at baseline and throughout treatment were analysed from patients randomised to receive lenvatinib or placebo from August 5, 2011 to October 4, 2012. For CAF biomarker analyses, patients were dichotomised by baseline levels. Tumour tissues were analysed for BRAF and NRAS/KRAS/HRAS mutations. RESULTS Tumours and CAFs were analysed from 183/392 (47%) and 387/392 (99%) patients, respectively. Lenvatinib PFS benefit was maintained in all assessments. For lenvatinib-treated patients, interaction-term analyses revealed that low baseline Ang2 level was predictive of tumour shrinkage (Pinteraction = 0.016) and PFS (Pinteraction = 0.018). Vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were significantly upregulated with lenvatinib, and FGF23 upregulation on cycle 1/day 15 was associated with longer PFS. In mutation analyses, no significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed. BRAFWT may be a negative prognostic factor for PFS in placebo-treated patients with papillary thyroid cancer (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION The lenvatinib PFS benefit was maintained regardless of baseline CAF or BRAF/RAS status. Baseline Ang2 was predictive of PFS in a subgroup of lenvatinib-treated patients, indicating that Ang2 may be predictive of lenvatinib sensitivity. BRAFWT may be a poor prognostic factor in patients with radioiodine-refractory papillary thyroid cancer. Improved PFS associated with upregulated FGF23 suggests that lenvatinib-induced FGF receptor inhibition contributes to lenvatinib efficacy. Trial registration ID of the main study, SELECT: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01321554.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Martin Schlumberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy and University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mouhammed Amir Habra
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ralf Paschke
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven I Sherman
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Rakocevic J, Orlic D, Mitrovic-Ajtic O, Tomasevic M, Dobric M, Zlatic N, Milasinovic D, Stankovic G, Ostojić M, Labudovic-Borovic M. Endothelial cell markers from clinician's perspective. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:303-313. [PMID: 28192087 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell markers are membrane-bound or cytoplasmic molecules expressed by endothelial cells, which help their easier identification and discrimination from other cell types. During vasculogenesis, endothelial cells differentiate from hemangioblasts to form new blood vessels. With the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and their ability to form new blood vessels, the term vasculogenesis is not only reserved for the embryonic development. Possibility of de novo blood vessel formation from EPC is now widely explored in different ischemic conditions, especially in cardiovascular medicine. Numerous clinical trials have tested enhancing tissue vascularization by delivering hematopoietic cells that expressed endothelial markers. This therapeutic approach proved to be challenging and promising, particularly for patients who have exhausted all conventional therapeutic modalities. Angiogenesis, which refers to the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, is indispensable process during tumor progression and metastasis. Blockage of tumor angiogenesis by targeting and inhibiting endothelial cell has emerged as novel safe and efficacious method to control many advanced malignant diseases. Numerous clinical studies are currently testing new antiangiogenic drugs which target and inhibit endothelial cell markers, receptors or molecules which transmit receptor-mediated signals, therefore inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, migration and vascular tube formation. Many of these drugs are now widely used in clinical settings as first- or second-line chemotherapy in advanced malignant conditions. So far, these therapeutic approaches gave modest, yet encouraging clinical improvements, prolonging survival and improving functional capacity and quality of life for many terminally ill patients. Here we present the most commonly used endothelial cell markers along with their applicability in contemporary clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Rakocevic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 26 Visegradska Street, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Orlic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 8 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrovic-Ajtic
- Department for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, 4 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloje Tomasevic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 8 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Dobric
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 8 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Zlatic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Milasinovic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 8 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Stankovic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, 8 Dr Koste Todorovica Street, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Ostojić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 8 Dr Subotica Street, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic-Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 26 Visegradska Street, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Bingül İ, Vural P, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Çil E, Uysal M. Vascular endothelial growth factor G+405C polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 31. [PMID: 27925342 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a mediator implicated with cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis. In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between VEGF gene polymorphisms (G+405C, T-460C, and A-2578C) and PTC susceptibility. METHODS DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of 127 patients with PTC and 203 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Association of genotypes with susceptibility of PTC was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, gender and smoking status. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In G+405C polymorphism, the frequencies of C allele (related with increased VEGF production) and combined CG+CC genotype were found to be higher (3.5 and 5-fold, respectively) among patients with PTC than controls (P<.001). However, VEGF T-460C and A-2578C polymorphisms are not associated with PTC risk. There was no relationship between VEGF polymorphisms and clinical/laboratory parameters of PTC. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that there was a strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between -460/-2578 (D'=.89, r2 =.79), weak LD between +405/-460 (D'=.422, r2 =.035), and +405/-2578 (D'=.43, r2 =.038) locuses. Additionally, the +405/-460/-2578 GTA haplotype was found to be protective, whereas CTA haplotype to be related with increased PTC risk. As a conclusion, we suggest that VEGF G+405C polymorphism is associated with increased risk of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Bingül
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pervin Vural
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Çil
- II. Internal Medicine Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Şişli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Huang M, Wang L, Chen J, Bai M, Zhou C, Liu S, Lin Q. Regulation of COX-2 expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients post TACE surgery. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2144-54. [PMID: 26984380 PMCID: PMC4809660 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, it is not entirely clear whether hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is involved in the regulation of COX-2 expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and whether these events affect the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). In this report the relationship between HIF-1α and COX-2 protein expression, EMT in tumor specimens from HCC patients after TACE surgery and the clinical significance of HIF-1α and COX-2 expression were analyzed using statistical approaches. HepG2 cells treated with CoCl2 was employed as a hypoxia cell model in vitro to study hypoxia-induced HIF-1α, COX-2 expression, and EMT alteration. The results showed that HIF-1α and COX-2 protein expression increased in HCC tissues after TACE surgery. Moreover, there was positive correlation between upregulation of HIF-1α and COX-2. Elevated expression of HIF-1α increased both Snail and Vimentin protein expression, while it reduced E-cadherin protein expression. It was further verified that hypoxia enhanced protein expression of HIF-1α and COX-2 in HepG2 cells treated with CoCl2. Upregulation of HIF-1α and COX-2, together with EMT alteration resulted in increased migration and invasion of HepG2 cells under hypoxia. In conclusion, TACE surgery results in aggravated hypoxia status, leading to increased HIF-1α protein expression in HCC tissue. To adapt to hypoxic environment, HIF-1α stimulates COX-2 protein expression and promotes EMT process in hepatocellular cancer cells, which enhances HCC invasion and metastasis, and might contribute to poor prognosis in HCC patients post TACE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Churen Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Qu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
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21
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Tang W, Huang C, Tang C, Xu J, Wang H. Galectin-3 may serve as a potential marker for diagnosis and prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:455-60. [PMID: 26858526 PMCID: PMC4730995 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s94514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 is a member of the beta-galactoside-binding protein family and functions as a modulator of cell growth through galactoside-binding protein correlated with the occurrence and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods A systematic review of published articles on Web of Science and PubMed was performed. After establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine articles were selected. Three studies referred to galectin-3 expression in PTC and non-PTC patients. Three studies referred to galectin-3 expression in PTC patients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and without LNM. Three studies referred to galectin-3 expression in both PTC (with and without LNM) and non-PTC patients. Data analysis was performed by using RevMan5.2 software. Results A total of 424 patients from six eligible studies that provided data about galectin-3 expression in PTC and non-PTC patients were included. A total of 378 patients from six eligible studies that provided data about galectin-3 expression in PTC with LNM and without LNM were included. Immunohistochemistry technique was used in all the studies. Galectin-3 was found to be a highly sensitive (275/424, 64.86%) marker in the diagnosis of PTC, but was found to be expressed only in a few cases involving other types of thyroid lesions (58/424, 13.68%). The odds ratio, expressed as PTC group versus other thyroid lesions group, was 13.97 (95% CI: 7.51–26.01, P<0.00001). The results also showed that the positive expression rates of galectin-3 in PTC patients with LNM were higher than those in PTC patients without LNM. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that galectin-3 may become a potentially useful immunomarker to distinguish between PTC and non-PTC patients. In addition, PTC patients with positive expression of galectin-3 were more prone to LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Congwei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyin Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanjin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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22
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Sun L, Wei X, Liu X, Zhou D, Hu F, Zeng Y, Sun Y, Luo S, Zhang Y, Yi XP. Expression of prostaglandin E2 and EP receptors in human papillary thyroid carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4689-97. [PMID: 26511970 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to determine the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and downstream EP receptors in the development of human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). A total of 90 thyroid specimens excised from patients undergoing total or subtotal thyroidectomy in the Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China, from August 2013 to September 2014, were analyzed. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses were employed to examine the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, respectively. The expressions and significances of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), PGE2, and EP receptors in PTC and nodular goiter were investigated. The COX-2 mRNA and protein expression level significantly increased in the PTC tissues than in the paired noncarcinoma tissues adjacent to the PTC or nodular goiter tissues. The mPGES-1 protein expression was also significantly upregulated in the PTC tissues. All the four subtypes of EP receptors (EP1-4) could express in the thyroid tissues, while only the EP4 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased in the PTC tissues. The local production of PGE2 had a higher-level expression in the PTC tissues than in the noncarcinoma thyroid tissues adjacent to the PTC lesion and the benign nodular goiter tissues. The induction of PGE2 biosynthesis as well as the overexpression of EP4 in PTC suggested that this pathway might play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of PTC. These observations raise the possibility that pharmacological inhibition of mPGES-1 and/or EP4 may hold therapeutic promise in this common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Sun
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Danli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjuan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian Ping Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
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Liu J, Du J, Fan J, Liu K, Zhang B, Wang S, Wang W, Wang Z, Cai Y, Li C, Yu T, Zhu G, Chen J, Li C. The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Correlates with Age in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2015; 77:109-16. [PMID: 25896501 DOI: 10.1159/000375534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and clinicopathological features in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS We performed an analysis of 843 patients, including 321 patients with PTC, 83 patients with thyroid adenoma and 439 patients with nodular goiter (NG). Thyroglobulin and thyrotropin were measured in each patient. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets were counted. Statistical analysis was used to correlate the NLR with demographic and histopathologic characteristics of the patients. RESULT Age correlated with NLR and lymphocyte number in patients with PTC and NG. In patients aged >45 years, those with PTC had a higher NLR and a lower lymphocyte count than those with NG. Patients with PTC aged <45 years had a higher leukocyte count and a lower NLR than those aged ≥45 years. Patients with clinical stage I/II PTC had a lower NLR and a higher lymphocyte count than patients with stage III/IV. CONCLUSIONS Younger patients with PTC had a higher lymphocyte count but a lower NLR than older patients with PTC. The NLR and lymphocyte counts were associated with the clinical stage. Thus, a higher NLR and a lower lymphocyte count may be prognostic for stratifying patients with thyroidal goiters and are risk factors of PTC for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Antitumor activity of lenvatinib (e7080): an angiogenesis inhibitor that targets multiple receptor tyrosine kinases in preclinical human thyroid cancer models. J Thyroid Res 2014; 2014:638747. [PMID: 25295214 PMCID: PMC4177084 DOI: 10.1155/2014/638747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by blockading the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for thyroid cancer. Lenvatinib mesilate (lenvatinib) is a potent inhibitor of VEGF receptors (VEGFR1–3) and other prooncogenic and prooncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, including fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1–4), platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), KIT, and RET. We examined the antitumor activity of lenvatinib against human thyroid cancer xenograft models in nude mice. Orally administered lenvatinib showed significant antitumor activity in 5 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 5 anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), and 1 medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) xenograft models. Lenvatinib also showed antiangiogenesis activity against 5 DTC and 5 ATC xenografts, while lenvatinib showed in vitro antiproliferative activity against only 2 of 11 thyroid cancer cell lines: that is, RO82-W-1 and TT cells. Western blot analysis showed that cultured RO82-W-1 cells overexpressed FGFR1 and that lenvatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its downstream effector FRS2. Lenvatinib also inhibited the phosphorylation of RET with the activated mutation C634W in TT cells. These data demonstrate that lenvatinib provides antitumor activity mainly via angiogenesis inhibition but also inhibits FGFR and RET signaling pathway in preclinical human thyroid cancer models.
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Park HS, Jung CK, Lee SH, Chae BJ, Lim DJ, Park WC, Song BJ, Kim JS, Jung SS, Bae JS. Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Elderly Patients with Thyroid Cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 44:1045-51. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Gong L, Chen P, Liu X, Han Y, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Li H, Li C, Xie J. Expressions of D2-40, CK19, galectin-3, VEGF and EGFR in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Gland Surg 2014; 1:25-32. [PMID: 25083424 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684x.2012.03.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expressions of D2-40, CK19, galectin-3, VEGF, and EGFR in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their clinical significances. METHODS The expressions of D2-40, CK19, galectin-3, VEGF, and EGFR in 38 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 12 cases of thyroid papillary hyperplasia were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The positive expression rates of D2-40, CK19, Galectin-3, VEGF and EGFR in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were all significantly higher than those in patients with thyroid papillary hyperplasia (all P<0.05). The expressions of D2-40, VEGF, and EGFR in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expressions of GK19 and galectin-3 showed no significant differences between the papillary thyroid carcinomas with and without lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The detection of D2-40, CK19, galectin-3, VEGF, and EGFR is helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma and thyroid papillary hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Chuanjia Li
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Department of Pathology, the Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin 132011, China
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Huang Y, Dong W, Li J, Zhang H, Shan Z, Teng W. Differential expression patterns and clinical significance of estrogen receptor-α and β in papillary thyroid carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:383. [PMID: 24884830 PMCID: PMC4049482 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is markedly higher in women than men during the reproductive years. In vitro studies have suggested that estrogen may play an important role in the development and progression of PTC through estrogen receptors (ERs). This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of the two main ER subtypes, α and β1 (wild-type ERβ), in PTC tissue and their clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemical staining of thyroid tissue sections was performed to detect ER expression in female patients with PTC (n = 89) and nodular thyroid goiter (NTG; n = 30) using the Elivision™ plus two-step system. The relationships between ER subtype expression and clinicopathological/biological factors were further analyzed. Results The positive percentage and expression levels of ERα were significantly higher in female PTC patients of reproductive age (18–45 years old; n = 50) than age-matched female NTG patients (n = 30), while ERβ1 exhibited the opposite pattern. There was no difference in ERα or ERβ1 expression between female PTC patients of reproductive age and those of advanced reproductive age (>45 years old; n = 39). In the female PTC patients of reproductive age, ERα expression level was positively correlated with that of Ki-67, while ERβ1 was negatively correlated with mutant P53. Furthermore, more patients with exclusively nuclear ERα expression had extrathyroidal extension (ETE) as compared with those with extranuclear ERα localization. VEGF expression was significantly decreased in female PTC patients of reproductive age with only nuclear ERβ1 expression when compared with those with extranuclear ERβ1 localization. In PTC patients of advanced reproductive age, neither ERα nor ERβ1 expression showed any correlation with that of Ki-67, mutant P53, VEGF, tumor size, TNM stage, ETE, or lymph node metastases. Conclusions The differential expression patterns of the two ER subtypes between PTC and NTG indicate that ERα may be a useful immunohistochemical marker for differential diagnosis of PTC. The associations of ER subtype expression with Ki-67, mutant P53, VEGF expression and ETE in female PTC patients of reproductive age suggest that estrogen-activated ERα may mediate stimulatory effects on PTC growth and progression whereas ERβ1 has some inhibitory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P, R, China.
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Meng XY, Zhang Q, Li Q, Lin S, Li J. Immunohistochemical levels of cyclo-oxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their clinicopathological correlations. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:619-27. [PMID: 24670538 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513505485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the levels of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunostaining in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and benign thyroid tumours, and to investigate potential correlations between their levels and clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS The levels of immunohistochemical staining of COX-2, MMP-9 and VEGF proteins were measured in tumours from patients with PTC and compared with specimens from patients with benign thyroid tumours. The association between the levels of COX-2, MMP-9 and VEGF proteins and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with PTC was also analysed. RESULTS A total of 66 patients with PTC and 40 patients with benign thyroid tumours participated in the study. The rates of positive immunostaining for COX-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in PTC tumours were significantly higher than those in benign thyroid tumours. There were significant positive associations between positive immunostaining for COX-2, MMP-9 and VEGF proteins and age (≥45 years), clinical stage (III-IV) and tumour diameter (≥ 2 cm). CONCLUSION Combined immunohistochemical evaluation of the levels of COX-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in PTC might be a useful marker for the diagnosis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ying Meng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Geratology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Chang DF, Xu ZQ, Sun B. Relationship between VEGF protein expression and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma among Asians: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5511-8. [PMID: 24557543 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We carried out the current meta-analysis of relevant cohort studies in an attempt to investigate the relationships between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression and lymph node (LN) metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among Asians. A range of electronic databases were searched, including Web of Science (1945∼2013), the Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), MEDLINE (1966∼2013), EMBASE (1980∼2013), CINAHL (1982∼2013), and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982~2013) with cross-referencing without language restrictions. Meta-analysis was conducted using the STATA 12.0 software. Crude odds ratio (OR) with their 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI) was calculated. Twelve clinical cohort studies with a total of 1,045 PTC patients were included in our meta-analysis, The results of our meta-analysis revealed that patients with VEGF-positive tumors had a 3.02-fold higher risk of LN metastasis than that of patients with VEGF-negative tumors (OR=3.02, 95 %CI=2.05~4.43, P<0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis by country suggested that VEGF-positive expression was associated with an increased risk of LN metastasis in PTC patients among Chinese populations (OR=3.33, 95 %CI=2.30~4.83, P<0.001), but not among Korean, Turkish, and Japanese populations (all P>0.05). Our findings support the view that VEGF protein expression may be correlated with LN metastasis in PTC patients, especially among Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Heilongjiang Hospital, Zhongshan Road No. 82, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150000, People's Republic of China,
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He H, Wu G, Liu H, Cheng Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Liu Y. Low RIN1 expression in HCC is associated with tumor invasion and unfavorable prognosis. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140:73-81. [PMID: 23765536 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpegwydd86wwjk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association between the expression of Ras and Rab interactor 1 (RIN1) and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS RIN1 expression was detected in paired HCC tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Transfection was applied to analyze the RIN1 function. RESULTS We found that expression of the RIN1 protein was downregulated in the HCC samples compared with the corresponding normal tissues. Downregulation of RIN1 expression was also associated with invasion and poor overall survival (OS). The results of our multivariate analysis indicated that the RIN1 status is a significant prognostic factor for OS. RIN1 overexpression also inhibited cell invasion in HepG2 cells. The expression between RIN1 and ABL2 may present a positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that RIN1 suppresses tumor invasion in HCC patients and that a poor prognosis for HCC is expected when RIN1 expression is downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen Z, Liu M, Liu X, Huang S, Li L, Song B, Li H, Ren Q, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Qiao L. COX-2 regulates E-cadherin expression through the NF-κB/Snail signaling pathway in gastric cancer. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:93-100. [PMID: 23670240 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) participates in cancer invasion and metastasis by decreasing the expression of E-cadherin. However, the molecular mechanisms through which COX-2 regulates E-cadherin expression and function have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms through which COX-2 regulates E-cadherin expression in gastric cancer. The mRNA and protein expression of COX-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Snail and E-cadherin was detected in gastric cancer cells by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. The expression of these genes was also detected in healthy gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. We detected various levels of COX-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Snail and E-cadherin expression in the normal gastric mucosa and cancer tissues; however, the expression patterns differed: the increased expression of COX-2, NF-κB and Snail was observed in the gastric cancer tissues, whereas there was a considerable reduction in E-cadherin expression in the cancer tissues compared to the normal gastric mucosa. The expression patterns of COX-2, NF-κB and Snail were similar. The increased expression of COX-2 in the gastric cancer tissues closely correlated with the increased expression of NF-κB and Snail, but inversely correlated with the expression of E-cadherin. Treatment of the SGC7901 cells (which express high levels of COX-2) with celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, not only led to a marked dose- and time-dependent decrease in the expression of COX-2, NF-κB and Snail, but also led to a significant increase in the expression of E-cadherin, and this was associated with a reduction in cell invasion. By contrast, the same treatment did not alter the expression of these genes in another gastric cancer cell line, MGC803 (which barely expresses COX-2). These data suggest that COX-2 regulates the expression of E-cadherin through the NF-κB and Snail signaling pathway in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
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Involvement of ZEB1 and E-cadherin in the invasion of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:949-56. [PMID: 23065281 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to investigate the expression of the ZEB1 and E-cadherin proteins in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues and to examine the clinicopathological correlation between protein levels and LSCC. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of ZEB1 and E-cadherin mRNAs and proteins in LSCC tissues as well as in adjacent normal tissues, and then analyze the relationship between the clinicopathological characteristics and the expression changes of ZEB1 and E-cadherin mRNAs in LSCC. In addition, RNAi was used to knockdown the expression of the ZEB1 gene in Human HCC827 cells; subsequently, changes in the invasive ability of the resultant cells were studied. The positive rates of ZEB1 and E-cadherin mRNAs in LSCC tissues were 69.2 and 38.5 %, respectively. They differed significantly from the corresponding positive rates in the adjacent normal lung tissues (15.4 and 80.8 %, p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the protein levels of ZEB1 and E-cadherin in LSCC tissues (r = -0.714, p < 0.001); in addition, it was found that ZEB1 protein expression in LSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in the neighboring normal lung tissues (p < 0.05), and its expression was also significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastases and distant metastases compared to those patients without metastatic disease (p < 0.05). On the contrary, E-cadherin expression was significantly lower in LSCC tissues than that in the neighboring normal tissue (p < 0.05). It was lower in patients with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis compared to patients without metastatic disease (p < 0.05). However, the expression of ZEB1 and E-cadherin was independent of gender, age, tumor size, or tumor differentiation level (p > 0.05). Transfection of ZEB1 siRNA into HCC827 cells significantly reduced the ZEB1 protein level (p < 0.01) and significantly elevated E-cadherin levels (p < 0.01). Moreover, significantly less ZEB1 siRNA-transfected cells migrated through Transwell chambers in the LSCC tissue than that in the control groups (untransfected or transfected with control siRNA, p < 0.01). The expression of the ZEB1 gene in LSCC tissues is downregulated with the expression of E-cadherin. On the other hand, the expression of siRNA against ZEB1 promotes E-cadherin expression and suppresses the invasive ability conferred by E-cadherin. In conclusion, our data suggested that overexpression of the ZEB1 gene is possibly associated with the occurrence, development, invasion of LSCC.
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Gérard AC, Humblet K, Wilvers C, Poncin S, Derradji H, de Ville de Goyet C, Abou-el-Ardat K, Baatout S, Sonveaux P, Denef JF, Colin IM. Iodine-deficiency-induced long lasting angiogenic reaction in thyroid cancers occurs via a vascular endothelial growth factor-hypoxia inducible factor-1-dependent, but not a reactive oxygen species-dependent, pathway. Thyroid 2012; 22:699-708. [PMID: 22663304 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the thyroid, iodine deficiency (ID) induces angiogenesis via a tightly controlled reactive oxygen species (ROS)-hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dependent pathway (ROS-HIF-VEGF). Deficient iodine intake may be associated with increased thyroid cancer incidence. The hypothesis of this work is to test whether ID affects the angiogenic processes in thyroid malignant cells by altering the ROS-HIF-VEGF pathway. METHODS Goiters were obtained in RET/PTC3 transgenic and wild-type (wt) mice and ID was induced in three thyroid carcinoma cell lines (TPC-1, 8305c, and R082-w1). Thyroid blood flow, VEGF mRNA and protein, and HIF-1α protein expression were measured. The role of HIF-1 and of ROS was assessed using echinomycin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), respectively. RESULTS The goitrogen treatment increased the thyroid blood flow in wt and RET/PTC3 mice. Compared with wt mice, basal VEGF expression was higher in RET/PTC3 mice and increased with goitrogen treatment. In the three cell lines, ID induced marked increases in VEGF mRNA, and moderate increases in HIF-1α protein expression that were not transient as in normal cells. ID-induced VEGF mRNA expression was fully (8305c), partially (TPC-1), or not (R082-w1) blocked by echinomycin. NAC had no effect on ID-induced VEGF mRNA and HIF-1α protein expression in the three cell lines. CONCLUSIONS ID induces a long lasting angiogenic phenotype in thyroid cancer cells that occurs through VEGF induction via a pathway partially mediated by HIF-1, but not by ROS. These results suggest that, in contrast with normal cells, ID-induced angiogenesis in cancer cells occurs via alternative and likely less controlled routes, thereby leading to uncontrolled growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Gérard
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Jia B, Liu H, Kong Q, Li B. Overexpression of ZEB1 associated with metastasis and invasion in patients with gastric carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:223-9. [PMID: 22466758 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ZEB1 in gastric carcinoma, its correlation with the clinicopathology of gastric carcinoma, and the role of ZEB1 in invasion and metastasis in gastric carcinoma. ZEB1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in 45 gastric carcinoma tissue samples that contained the adjacent gastric mucosa. The correlation between ZEB1 expression, the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, and clinical pathology was investigated. ZEB1 expression in the human gastric carcinoma cell line AGS was downregulated by RNA interference, and changes in ZEB1 expression corresponded with changes in the invasive and metastatic ability of AGS cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ZEB1 protein expression in gastric carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than in normal gastric mucosa tissues (p < 0.001). A lower degree of differentiation of gastric cancer (p = 0.009), a higher TNM (tumor, node, and metastasis) stage (p = 0.010), and a larger scope of invasion were correlated with higher expression of ZEB1 (p = 0.041, 0.002). However, the expression of ZEB1 in gastric carcinoma tissue was independent of gender, age, and tumor size (p > 0.05). Western blot results also showed that ZEB1 protein expression was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma tissue than in the adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissue (p = 0.008). A lower degree of differentiation of the gastric carcinoma correlated with a higher TNM stage, and a larger scope of invasion correlated with increased ZEB1 expression (p = 0.023). Transfection of ZEB1 siRNA in AGS cells significantly decreased the expression level of ZEB1 protein (p = 0.035). Furthermore, the number of cells that could pass through the Transwell chamber was significantly lower in the transfected group than in the non-transfected control group (p = 0.039), indicating that the suppression of ZEB1 expression could significantly reduce the invasive and metastatic ability of AGS cells (p = 0.005). Concluding, in gastric carcinoma tissue, overexpression of ZEB1 may be related to the occurrence and development as well as invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 28, Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Shen A, Zhang Y, Yang H, Xu R, Huang G. Overexpression of ZEB1 relates to metastasis and invasion in osteosarcoma. J Surg Oncol 2011; 105:830-4. [PMID: 22213004 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the expression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma tissues and to discuss the relationship between ZEB1 expression and osteosarcoma metastasis. METHODS Using RT-PCR and Western blotting, the mRNA and protein expressions of ZEB1 in the osteosarcoma and normal bone tissues were detected. Using the RNA interference technique, the expression of ZEB1 in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line was downregulated, and the changes in the invasion of MG-63 cells were examined. RESULTS The positive mRNA expression rate of ZEB1 in the osteosarcoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal bone tissue (P < 0.05). The protein expression level of ZEB1 in the sarcoma tissues from patients with positive lung metastasis was significantly higher than that from patients without lung metastasis (P < 0.05). After the transfection of ZEB1 siRNA into the MG-63 cells, the protein expression of ZEB1 was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the number of cells that passed through the Transwell chamber was significantly lower than that in the non-transfected control group as well as the transfected control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of ZEB1 in osteosarcoma may be related to the carcinogenesis and development as well as metastasis and invasion of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Medical School of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China
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Gonzalez-Gonzalez R, Bologna-Molina R, Carreon-Burciaga RG, Gómezpalacio-Gastelum M, Molina-Frechero N, Salazar-Rodríguez S. Papillary thyroid carcinoma: differential diagnosis and prognostic values of its different variants: review of the literature. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2011; 2011:915925. [PMID: 22432054 PMCID: PMC3302055 DOI: 10.5402/2011/915925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid malignancy, and has an excellent prognosis, even with cervical lymph node metastasis; however, histological variants are considered relevant, which may be associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and tumor aggressiveness. Histological features, such as vascular and/or lymphatic invasion, angiogenesis, multifocality, high cellular proliferation rate, neoplastic cell dissemination, and the histological varieties, are indicative of poor prognosis, together with associated clinical factors: age, sex, and tumor size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City, Mexico
- School of Dentistry, Research Department, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Durango, Mexico
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- School of Dentistry, Research Department, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Durango, Mexico
| | - Ramón Gil Carreon-Burciaga
- School of Dentistry, Research Department, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
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