1
|
Dos Santos NS, Gonçalves DR, Balbinot B, Visioli F. Is GRP78 (Glucose-regulated protein 78) a prognostic biomarker in differents types of cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154301. [PMID: 36610326 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GRP78 is a chaperone with anti-apoptotic function associated with aggressive tumors. This systematic review aimed to evaluate GRP78 expression in cancer and its relation to prognosis outcomes. This review was conducted in different databases searching for human cancer studies assessing GRP78 immunohistochemical levels on tissue samples. A total of 98 manuscripts were included. In 62% of the studies, GRP78 was associated with a worse prognosis. A meta-analysis included 29 studies that detected a significantly higher expression of GRP78 in cancer tissues (RR= 2.35, 95% CI 1.75-3.15) compared to control. A meta-analysis of 3 and 5-years Overall Survival revealed an increased risk of death for tumors with high expression of GRP78 (RR=1.36, 95%CI 1.16-1,59, I2 = 57%) and (RR=1.65, 95%CI 1.22-2.21, I2 =64%), respectively. GRP78 is an important prognostic biomarker for different types of cancer and a promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Souza Dos Santos
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Rodrigues Gonçalves
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Oral Medicine Unit, Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca Balbinot
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Experimental Center Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Althurwi SI, Yu JQ, Beale P, Huq F. Sequenced Combinations of Cisplatin and Selected Phytochemicals towards Overcoming Drug Resistance in Ovarian Tumour Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207500. [PMID: 33053689 PMCID: PMC7589098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, cisplatin, artemisinin, and oleanolic acid were evaluated alone, and in combination, on human ovarian A2780, A2780ZD0473R, and A2780cisR cancer cell lines, with the aim of overcoming cisplatin resistance and side effects. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT reduction assay. Combination index (CI) values were used as a measure of combined drug effect. MALDI TOF/TOF MS/MS and 2-DE gel electrophoresis were used to identify protein biomarkers in ovarian cancer and to evaluate combination effects. Synergism from combinations was dependent on concentration and sequence of administration. Generally, bolus was most synergistic. Moreover, 49 proteins differently expressed by 2 ≥ fold were: CYPA, EIF5A1, Op18, p18, LDHB, P4HB, HSP7C, GRP94, ERp57, mortalin, IMMT, CLIC1, NM23, PSA3,1433Z, and HSP90B were down-regulated, whereas hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2/B1, EF2, GOT1, EF1A1, VIME, BIP, ATP5H, APG2, VINC, KPYM, RAN, PSA7, TPI, PGK1, ACTG and VDAC1 were up-regulated, while TCPA, TCPH, TCPB, PRDX6, EF1G, ATPA, ENOA, PRDX1, MCM7, GBLP, PSAT, Hop, EFTU, PGAM1, SERA and CAH2 were not-expressed in A2780cisR cells. The proteins were found to play critical roles in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and biosynthetic processes and drug resistance and detoxification. Results indicate that appropriately sequenced combinations of cisplatin with artemisinin (ART) and oleanolic acid (OA) may provide a means to reduce side effects and circumvent platinum resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safiah Ibrahim Althurwi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia; (S.I.A.); (J.Q.Y.)
| | - Jun Q. Yu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia; (S.I.A.); (J.Q.Y.)
| | - Philip Beale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord NSW 2137, Australia;
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Eman Research Ltd., Canberra ACT 2609, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-411235462
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Bahar E, Kim JY, Yoon H. Chemotherapy Resistance Explained through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Dependent Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030338. [PMID: 30857233 PMCID: PMC6468910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers cells have the ability to develop chemotherapy resistance, which is a persistent problem during cancer treatment. Chemotherapy resistance develops through different molecular mechanisms, which lead to modification of the cancer cells signals needed for cellular proliferation or for stimulating an immune response. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle involved in protein quality control, by promoting the correct folding of protein and ER-mediated degradation of unfolded or misfolded protein, namely, ER-associated degradation. Disturbances of the normal ER functions causes an accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, resulting in a condition called “ER stress (ERS).” ERS triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR)—also called the ERS response (ERSR)—to restore homeostasis or activate cell death. Although the ERSR is one emerging potential target for chemotherapeutics to treat cancer, it is also critical for chemotherapeutics resistance, as well. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of the relationship between the ERSR and tumor survival or drug resistance remains to be fully understood. In this review, we aim to describe the most vital molecular mechanism of the relationship between the ERSR and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, the review also discusses the molecular mechanism of ER stress-mediated apoptosis on cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Entaz Bahar
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea.
| | - Ji-Ye Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang 10381, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Hyonok Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis control and gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 449:263-271. [PMID: 30776479 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary organelle responsible for the synthesis, modification, folding and secretion of proteins, especially in specialized secretory cells. It also contributes to the maintenance of cellular functions, such as Ca2+ storage, lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and organelle biogenesis. Cellular stress conditions, such as glucose deprivation, hypoxia and disturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis, may increase the risk of protein misfolding and perturb proteostasis. This activates ER stress and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to either the restoration of homeostasis or cell death. ER stress and UPR have been shown to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment response of various cancers. In gastric cancer (GC), one of the most aggressive cancer types, critical functions of ER stress signaling have also started to emerge. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge linking ER stress and UPR to GC; we also discuss the possible nodes of therapeutic intervention and propose directions of future research.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ogawa H, Kaira K, Takahashi K, Shimizu A, Altan B, Yoshinari D, Asao T, Oyama T. Prognostic role of BiP/GRP78 expression as ER stress in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:273-281. [PMID: 28854502 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), also referred to as immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) (BiP/GRP78), is a major molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is extensively expressed in human neoplasms. Although the enhanced expression of BiP/GRP78 has been described to be associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC), details regarding its prognostic significance remain unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic role of BiP/GRP78 in patients with GC. METHODS Study subjects included 328 patients who underwent surgical resection. Tumor specimens of primary tumors underwent immunohistochemical staining for BiP/GRP78. RESULTS BiP/GRP78 was highly expressed in 57% (188/328) of patients. High expression of BiP/GRP78 was significantly associated with older age, male, disease staging, T factor, lymph node metastases, differentiation, lymphatic permeation, and vascular invasion. According to univariate analysis, age, disease staging, T factor, N factor, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, and BiP/GRP78 expression were significant prognostic factors for OS. In particular, high BiP/GRP78 expression was proven to be a significant predictor of prognosis in patients with older age, female sex, early disease stage, T1-2 factor, well or moderately differentiated tumors, and negative vascular invasion. CONCLUSION BiP/GRP78 is significantly associated with tumor aggressiveness and progression. The increased expression of BiP/GRP78 was identified as an independent factor for predicting poor OS in patients with early stage of disease, especially T1-2 factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroomi Ogawa
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshinari
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Choudhary I, Lee H, Pyo MJ, Heo Y, Chae J, Yum SS, Kang C, Kim E. Proteomic Investigation to Identify Anticancer Targets of Nemopilema nomurai Jellyfish Venom in Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E194. [PMID: 29748501 PMCID: PMC5983250 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemopilema nomurai is a giant jellyfish that blooms in East Asian seas. Recently, N. nomurai venom (NnV) was characterized from a toxicological and pharmacological point of view. A mild dose of NnV inhibits the growth of various kinds of cancer cells, mainly hepatic cancer cells. The present study aims to identify the potential therapeutic targets and mechanism of NnV in the growth inhibition of cancer cells. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with NnV, and its proteome was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/MS). The quantity of twenty four proteins in NnV-treated HepG2 cells varied compared to non-treated control cells. Among them, the amounts of fourteen proteins decreased and ten proteins showed elevated levels. We also found that the amounts of several cancer biomarkers and oncoproteins, which usually increase in various types of cancer cells, decreased after NnV treatment. The representative proteins included proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), elongation factor 1γ (EF1γ), nucleolar and spindle-associated protein (NuSAP), and activator of 90 kDa heat shock protein ATPase homolog 1 (AHSA1). Western blotting also confirmed altered levels of PCNA, GRP78, and G6PD in NnV-treated HepG2 cells. In summary, the proteomic approach explains the mode of action of NnV as an anticancer agent. Further characterization of NnV may help to unveil novel therapeutic agents in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Choudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Pyo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Yunwi Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Jinho Chae
- Marine Environmental Research and Information Laboratory, Gunpo 15850, Korea.
| | - Seung Shic Yum
- South Sea Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 53201, Korea.
- Faculty of Marine Environmental Science, University of Science and technology (UST), Geoje 53201, Korea.
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Wang JH, Zhang XL, Wang XL, Yang L. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 in gastric cancer: An emerging biomarker. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6087-6093. [PMID: 29616092 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the principal organelle responsible for the synthesis, initial post-translational modification, folding, export and secretion of proteins. It is also responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In response to cellular stress conditions including glucose deprivation, hypoxia and changes in calcium homeostasis, ER stress machinery is activated and triggers the unfolded protein response, resulting in the restoration of homeostasis or activation of cell death. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a molecular chaperone, may be induced by ER stress at the transcriptional and translational level. A number of studies have demonstrated that GRP78 serves an important role in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug-resistance. The present review systematically describes the association between GRP78 expression and gastric cancer pathogenesis, and emphasizes that GRP78 is a novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obacz J, Avril T, Rubio-Patiño C, Bossowski JP, Igbaria A, Ricci JE, Chevet E. Regulation of tumor-stroma interactions by the unfolded protein response. FEBS J 2017; 286:279-296. [PMID: 29239107 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved adaptive pathway that helps cells cope with the protein misfolding burden within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Imbalance between protein folding demand and capacity in the ER leads to a situation called ER stress that is often observed in highly proliferative and secretory tumor cells. As such, activation of the UPR signaling has emerged as a key adaptive mechanism promoting cancer progression. It is becoming widely acknowledged that, in addition to its intrinsic effect on tumor biology, the UPR can also regulate tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss how the UPR coordinates the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells, such as endothelial cells, normal parenchymal cells, and immune cells. In addition, we further describe the involvement of ER stress signaling in the response to current treatments as well as its impact on antitumor immunity mainly driven by immunogenic cell death. Finally, in this context, we discuss the relevance of targeting ER stress/UPR signaling as a potential anticancer approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Obacz
- Inserm U1242 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling', Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- Inserm U1242 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling', Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Aeid Igbaria
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242 'Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling', Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng HC, Gong BC, Zhao S. The meta and bioinformatics analysis of GRP78 expression in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73017-73028. [PMID: 29069845 PMCID: PMC5641188 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
GRP78 is a molecular chaperone located in endoplasmic reticulum, and induces folding and assembly of newly-synthesized proteins, proteasome degradation of aberrant proteins, and translocation of secretory proteins, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We performed a systematic meta- and bioinformatics analysis through multiple online databases up to March 14, 2017. It was found that up-regulated GRP78 expression in gastric cancer, compared with normal mucosa at both protein and mRNA levels (p < 0.05). GRP78 expression was positively correlated with depth of invasion, TNM staging and dedifferentiation of gastric cancer (p < 0.05), while its mRNA expression was negatively correlated with depth of invasion, histological grading and dedifferentiation (p < 0.05). A positive association between GRP78 expression and unfavorable overall survival was found in patients with gastric cancer (p < 0.005). A higher GRP78 mRNA expression was positively correlated with overall and progression-free survival rates of all cancer patients, even stratified by aggressive parameters, or as an independent factor (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that GRP78 expression might be employed as a potential marker to indicate gastric carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, even prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Gong
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Animal Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang P, Fu S, Cao Z, Liao H, Huo Z, Pan Y, Zhang G, Gao A, Zhou Q. Oroxin B selectively induces tumor-suppressive ER stress and concurrently inhibits tumor-adaptive ER stress in B-lymphoma cells for effective anti-lymphoma therapy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:269-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
12
|
Yerushalmi R, Raiter A, Nalbandyan K, Hardy B. Cell surface GRP78: A potential marker of good prognosis and response to chemotherapy in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2149-2155. [PMID: 26622810 PMCID: PMC4579811 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a stress induced heat shock protein which, under limiting conditions, functions as a cell surface signaling receptor. Tumor cells are considered to be subjected to a physiologically stressful microenvironment due to their excessive growth. The role of GRP78 in tumor survival has been of notable interest. The present study aimed to assess the potential prognostic and predictive value of cell surface GRP78 expression in breast cancer tumor cells. Cell surface and cytoplasmic expression of GRP78 was examined by immunohistochemical staining of GRP78 in breast cancer archival paraffin-embedded tumor specimens. The cohort studied included breast cancer patients with operable T1,2, estrogen receptor-positive, node-negative cancer who were assessed using the Oncotype DX gene profile, as well as patients with locally advanced disease prior to and following neoadjuvant systemic treatment. GRP78 values were compared between the 2 groups, and prior to and following systemic treatment. Association analyses between GRP78 expression and prognostic markers were also performed. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the impact of these variables on disease-free survival (DFS). No differences in cytoplasmic GRP78 expression were observed. By contrast, the rates of cell surface GRP78 expression were 74.1% in the early stage operable patients, 36% in neoadjuvant systemic treatment patients prior to treatment and 62.5% in patients following systemic treatment (P<0.039). Positive cell surface GRP78 expression was associated with increased expression of the progesterone receptor (P=0.024), p53 expression (P=0.022) and improved DFS (P=0.047). In the case of GRP78 positivity, a trend for a superior response to chemotherapy was observed (P=0.19). The results of the present study indicated that cell surface GRP78 may be used as a marker for good prognosis in breast cancer and a potential marker for response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Yerushalmi
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel ; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Annat Raiter
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel ; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Karen Nalbandyan
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Britta Hardy
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel ; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ohashi W, Hattori K, Hattori Y. Control of Macrophage Dynamics as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Clinical Disorders Involving Chronic Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:240-250. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.225540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
|
14
|
Yan MM, Ni JD, Song D, Ding M, Huang J. Interplay between unfolded protein response and autophagy promotes tumor drug resistance. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1959-1969. [PMID: 26622781 PMCID: PMC4579870 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the quality control of secreted protein via promoting the correct folding of nascent protein and mediating the degradation of unfolded or misfolded protein, namely ER-associated degradation. When the unfolded or misfolded proteins are abundant, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is elicited, an adaptive signaling cascade from the ER to the nucleus, which restores the homeostatic functions of the ER. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process where cellular long-lived proteins and damaged organelles are engulfed and degraded for recycling to maintain homeostasis. The UPR and autophagy occur simultaneously and are involved in pathological processes, including tumorigenesis, chemoresistance of malignancies and neurodegeneration. Accumulative data has indicated that the UPR may induce autophagy and that autophagy is able to alleviate the UPR. However, the detailed mechanism of interplay between autophagy and UPR remains to be fully understood. The present review aimed to depict the core pathways of the two processes and to elucidate how autophagy and UPR are regulated. Moreover, the review also discusses the molecular mechanism of crosstalk between the UPR and autophagy and their roles in malignant survival and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Dong Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Deye Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Muliang Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qi P, Xu MD, Shen XH, Ni SJ, Huang D, Tan C, Weng WW, Sheng WQ, Zhou XY, Du X. Reciprocal repression between TUSC7 and miR-23b in gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1269-78. [PMID: 25765901 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were demonstrated to play important regulatory roles in biological processes and cancer biology. However, the overall pathophysiological contribution of lncRNAs to gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. In this study, differentially expressed lncRNAs in GC and paired adjacent normal tissue samples were identified by microarray and were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). One particular lncRNA, tumour suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC7), was analyzed in sequential large cohorts, and the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test for comparisons was used to analyse the survival data. The results indicated that TUSC7 was downregulated in GC samples and was an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in GC patients. Applying loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we determined that TUSC7 suppressed tumour cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that TUSC7 was a direct transcriptional target of p53 via interaction of p53 with the putative p53-response element in the upstream region of TUSC7. Finally, we demonstrated reciprocal repression between TUSC7 and miR-23b; in contrast to TUSC7, miR-23b promoted cell growth. The results indicated that TUSC7 is a p53-regulated tumour suppressor that acts in part by repressing miR-23b and that TUSC7 may be a key regulatory hub in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi-die Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Han Shen
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Juan Ni
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Weng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qi Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Du
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Glucose-regulated protein 78 mediates the therapeutic efficacy of 17-DMAG in colon cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4367-76. [PMID: 25618598 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is expressed as part of the molecular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mediates protein folding within the cell. GRP78 is also an important biomarker of cancer progression and the therapeutic response of patients with different cancer types. However, the role of GRP78 in the cytotoxic effect of 17-DMAG in colon cancer cells remains unclear. GRP78 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The anticancer effects of 17-DMAG were assessed by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, a flow cytometric cell-cycle analysis, and an Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) apoptotic assay. We found that HT-29 cells expressed a lower level of GRP78 compared with DLD-1 cells. The MTT assay revealed that HT-29 cells were more sensitive to 17-DMAG treatment than DLD-1 cells. GRP78 knock down (GRP78KD) cells demonstrated an increased sensitivity to 17-DMAG treatment compared with the scrambled control cells. Based on the cell-cycle analysis and Annexin V-PI apoptotic assay, apoptosis dramatically increased in GRP78KD cells compared with scrambled control DLD-1 cells after these cells were treated with 17-DMAG. Finally, we observed a decrease in the level of Bcl-2 and an increase in the levels of Bad and Bax in GRP78KD cells treated with 17-DMAG. These results are consistent with an increased sensitivity to 17-DMAG after knock down of GRP78. The level of GRP78 expression may determine the therapeutic efficacy of 17-DMAG against colon cancer cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao L, Li H, Shi Y, Wang G, Liu L, Su C, Su R. Nanoparticles inhibit cancer cell invasion and enhance antitumor efficiency by targeted drug delivery via cell surface-related GRP78. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 10:245-56. [PMID: 25565817 PMCID: PMC4283987 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s74868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) which target specific agents could effectively recognize the target cells and increase the stability of chemical agents by encapsulation. As such, NPs have been widely used in cancer treatment research. Recently, over 90% of treatment failure cases in patients with metastatic cancer were attributed to resistance to chemotherapy. Surface-exposed glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) is expressed highly on many tumor cell surfaces in many human cancers and is related to the regulation of invasion and metastasis. Herein, we report that NPs conjugated with antibody against GRP78 (mAb GRP78-NPs) inhibit the adhesion, invasion, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and promote drug delivery of 5-fluorouracil into GRP78 high-expressed human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Our new findings suggest that mAb GRP78-NPs could enhance drug accumulation by effectively transporting NPs into cell surface GRP78-overexpressed human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and then inhibit cell proliferation and viability and induce cell apoptosis by regulating caspase-3. In brief, mAb GRP78-NPs effectively inhibit cancer cell invasion and enhance antitumor efficiency by targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdan Li
- Central Laboratory of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wang
- Central Laboratory of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjian Su
- Central Laboratory of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jagtap JC, Parveen D, Shah RD, Desai A, Bhosale D, Chugh A, Ranade D, Karnik S, Khedkar B, Mathur A, Natesh K, Chandrika G, Shastry P. Secretory prostate apoptosis response (Par)-4 sensitizes multicellular spheroids (MCS) of glioblastoma multiforme cells to tamoxifen-induced cell death. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 5:8-19. [PMID: 25685660 PMCID: PMC4309838 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of brain tumor and is associated with resistance to conventional therapy and poor patient survival. Prostate apoptosis response (Par)-4, a tumor suppressor, is expressed as both an intracellular and secretory/extracellular protein. Though secretory Par-4 induces apoptosis in cancer cells, its potential in drug-resistant tumors remains to be fully explored. Multicellular spheroids (MCS) of cancer cells often acquire multi-drug resistance and serve as ideal experimental models. We investigated the role of Par-4 in Tamoxifen (TAM)-induced cell death in MCS of human cell lines and primary cultures of GBM tumors. TCGA and REMBRANT data analysis revealed that low levels of Par-4 correlated with low survival period (21.85 ± 19.30 days) in GBM but not in astrocytomas (59.13 ± 47.26 days) and oligodendrogliomas (58.04 ± 59.80 days) suggesting low PAWR expression as a predictive risk factor in GBM. Consistently, MCS of human cell lines and primary cultures displayed low Par-4 expression, high level of chemo-resistance genes and were resistant to TAM-induced cytotoxicity. In monolayer cells, TAM-induced cytotoxicity was associated with enhanced expression of Par-4 and was alleviated by silencing of Par-4 using specific siRNA. TAM effectively induced secretory Par-4 in conditioned medium (CM) of cells cultured as monolayer but not in MCS. Moreover, MCS were rendered sensitive to TAM-induced cell death by exposure to conditioned medium (CM)-containing Par-4 (derived from TAM-treated monolayer cells). Also TAM reduced the expression of Akt and PKCζ in GBM cells cultured as monolayer but not in MCS. Importantly, combination of TAM with inhibitors to PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or PKCζ resulted in secretion of Par-4 and cell death in MCS. Since membrane GRP78 is overexpressed in most cancer cells but not normal cells, and secretory Par-4 induces apoptosis by binding to membrane GRP78, secretory Par-4 is an attractive candidate for potentially overcoming therapy-resistance not only in malignant glioma but in broad spectrum of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Parveen
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | | | | | | | - Ashish Chugh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cimet’s Inamdar Multispeciality Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Deepak Ranade
- Department of Neurosurgery, D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Swapnil Karnik
- Department of Histopathology, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Kumar Natesh
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | | | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
GRP78 regulates sensitivity of human colorectal cancer cells to DNA targeting agents. Cytotechnology 2014; 68:459-67. [PMID: 25399254 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the activation status of unfolded protein response (UPR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its contribution to CRC resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis was assessed by the propidium iodide method. Activation of UPR was evaluated in CRC cell lines using immunoblotting technique and in CRC tissues using immunohistochemistry. Findings of the present study revealed that the UPR is constitutively activated in CRC cell lines and CRC tissues isolated from patients, as evidenced by relatively high levels of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and spliced X-box-binding protein 1 mRNA in tissue samples. In addition, CRC cell lines differentially responded to clinically relevant DNA-targeting agents including cisplatin, and 5-flourouracil. Moreover, the levels of GRP78 were inversely associated with sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of GRP78 by siRNA resulted in increased sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Collectively, current results appear to provide novel insights into the role of UPR in determining sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents and might have important implications for personalized CRC treatment.
Collapse
|