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Freiler MK, Deckard ML, Proffitt MR, Troy Smith G. Differential expression of steroid-related genes across electrosensory brain regions in two sexually dimorphic species of electric knifefish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 355:114549. [PMID: 38797340 PMCID: PMC11265523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The production of communication signals can be modulated by hormones acting on the brain regions that regulate these signals. However, less is known about how signal perception is regulated by hormones. The electrocommunication signals of weakly electric fishes are sexually dimorphic, sensitive to hormones, and vary across species. The neural circuits that regulate the production and perception of these signals are also well-characterized, and electric fishes are thus an excellent model to examine the neuroendocrine regulation of sensorimotor mechanisms of communication. We investigated (1) whether steroid-related genes are expressed in sensory brain regions that process communication signals; and (2) whether this expression differs across sexes and species that have different patterns of sexual dimorphism in their signals. Apteronotus leptorhynchus and Apteronotus albifrons produce continuous electric organ discharges (EODs) that are used for communication. Two brain regions, the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) and the dorsal torus semicircularis (TSd), process inputs from electroreceptors to allow fish to detect and discriminate electrocommunication signals. We used qPCR to quantify the expression of genes for two androgen receptors (ar1, ar2), two estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2b), and aromatase (cyp19a1b). Four out of five steroid-related genes were expressed in both sensory brain regions, and their expression often varied between sexes and species. These results suggest that expression of steroid-related genes in the brain may differentially influence how EOD signals are encoded across species and sexes, and that gonadal steroids may coordinately regulate central circuits that control both the production and perception of EODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Freiler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3(rd) St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, 409 N. Park Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
| | - Mikayla L Deckard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3(rd) St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Melissa R Proffitt
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3(rd) St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, 409 N. Park Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - G Troy Smith
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E 3(rd) St., Bloomington, IN 47405, United States; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, 409 N. Park Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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Proffitt MR, Smith GT. Species variation in steroid hormone-related gene expression contributes to species diversity in sexually dimorphic communication in electric fishes. Horm Behav 2024; 164:105576. [PMID: 38852479 PMCID: PMC11330740 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Sexually dimorphic behaviors are often regulated by gonadal steroid hormones. Species diversity in behavioral sex differences may arise as expression of genes mediating steroid action in brain regions controlling these behaviors evolves. The electric communication signals of apteronotid knifefishes are an excellent model for comparatively studying neuroendocrine regulation of sexually dimorphic behavior. These fish produce and detect weak electric organ discharges (EODs) for electrolocation and communication. EOD frequency (EODf), controlled by the medullary pacemaker nucleus (Pn), is sexually dimorphic and regulated by androgens and estrogens in some species, but is sexually monomorphic and unaffected by hormones in other species. We quantified expression of genes for steroid receptors, metabolizing enzymes, and cofactors in the Pn of two species with sexually dimorphic EODf (Apteronotus albifrons and Apteronotus leptorhynchus) and two species with sexually monomorphic EODf ("Apteronotus" bonapartii and Parapteronotus hasemani). The "A." bonapartii Pn expressed lower levels of androgen receptor (AR) genes than the Pn of species with sexually dimorphic EODf. In contrast, the P. hasemani Pn robustly expressed AR genes, but expressed lower levels of genes for 5α-reductases, which convert androgens to more potent metabolites, and higher levels of genes for 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases that oxidize androgens and estrogens to less potent forms. These findings suggest that sexual monomorphism of EODf arose convergently via two different mechanisms. In "A." bonapartii, reduced Pn expression of ARs likely results in insensitivity of EODf to androgens, whereas in P. hasemani, gonadal steroids may be metabolically inactivated in the Pn, reducing their potential to influence EODf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Proffitt
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3(rd) St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, 409 N. Park Ave., Bloomington, IN 47505, USA
| | - G Troy Smith
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. 3(rd) St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, 409 N. Park Ave., Bloomington, IN 47505, USA.
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Jeng SR, Wu GC, Yueh WS, Liu PH, Kuo SF, Dufour S, Chang CF. The expression profiles of cyp19a1, sf-1, esrs and gths in the brain-pituitary during gonadal sex differentiation in juvenile Japanese eels. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 353:114512. [PMID: 38582176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Eels are gonochoristic species whose gonadal differentiation initiates at the yellow eel stage and is influenced by environmental factors. We revealed some sex-related genes were sex dimorphically expressed in gonads during gonadal sex differentiation of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica); however, the expression of sex-related genes in the brain-pituitary during gonadal sex differentiation in eels is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the sex-related gene expressions in the brain-pituitary and tried to clarify their roles in the brain and gonads during gonadal sex differentiation. Based on our previous histological study, the control eels developed as males, and estradiol-17β (E2) was used for feminization. Our results showed that during testicular differentiation, the brain cyp19a1 transcripts and aromatase proteins were increased significantly; moreover, the cyp19a1, sf-1, foxl2s, and esrs (except gperb) transcripts in the midbrain/pituitary also were increased significantly. Forebrain gnrh1 transcripts increased slightly during gonadal differentiation of both sexes, but the gnrhr1b and gnrhr2 transcripts in the midbrain/pituitary were stable during gonadal differentiation. The expression levels of gths and gh in the midbrain/pituitary were significantly increased during testicular differentiation and were much higher in males than in E2-feminized females. These results implied that endogenous estrogens might play essential roles in the brain/pituitary during testicular differentiation, sf-1, foxl2s, and esrs may have roles in cyp19a1 regulation in the midbrain/pituitary of Japanese eels. For the GnRH-GTH axis, gths, especially fshb, may be regulated by esrs and involved in regulating testicular differentiation and development in Japanese eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ru Jeng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shiun Yueh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hua Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, Paris, France; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Lopez MS, Alward BA. Androgen receptor alpha deficiency impacts aromatase expression in the female cichlid brain. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240608. [PMID: 39076364 PMCID: PMC11285847 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones bind to specific receptors that act as transcription factors to modify gene expression in the brain to regulate physiological and behavioural processes. The specific genes controlled by steroid hormones in the brain are not fully known. Identifying these genes is integral to establishing a comprehensive understanding of how hormones impact physiology and behaviour. A popular organism for answering this question is the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to engineer A. burtoni that lack functional androgen receptor (AR) genes encoding ARα. ARα mutant male A. burtoni produced fewer aggressive displays and possessed reduced expression of the gene encoding brain-specific aromatase, cyp19a1, in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), an aggression locus. As a follow-up, we investigated whether ARα deficiency affected cyp19a1 expression in female A. burtoni using the same genetic line. We find that female A. burtoni possessing one or two non-functional ARα alleles had much higher expression of cyp19a1 in the preoptic area (POA), while females with one non-functional ARα allele possessed lower expression of cyp19a1 in the putative fish homologue of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Thus, ARα may have a sex-specific role in modifying cyp19a1 expression in the teleost POA and BNST, regions that underlie sex differences across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Beau A. Alward
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Chokki Veettil P, Nikarthil Sidhick J, Kavungal Abdulkhader S, Ms SP, Kumari Chidambaran C. Triclosan, an antimicrobial drug, induced reproductive impairment in the freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:254-271. [PMID: 38518096 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241242510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial drug, is known to occupy different compartments in aquatic ecosystems. The present study focused to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of triclosan, at environmentally relevant (0.009 and 9 μg L-1) and sublethal (176.7 μg L-1) concentrations for 90 days in the pre-spawning phase of the fish, Anabas testudineus. The reproductive biomarkers, namely, gonadal steroidogenic enzymes, expression of aromatic genes, levels of serum gonadotropins, sex hormones, and histology of gonads were analyzed. The weight of the animal, brain weights along with gonadosomatic index decreased while mucus deposition increased significantly at all concentrations of triclosan as the primary defensive mechanism to prevent the entry of toxicants. Triclosan disrupted gonadal steroidogenesis as evidenced by a reduction in the activities of gonadal steroidogenic enzymes. The expressions of cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b genes were up-regulated in the brain of both sexes and testis, while down-regulated in the ovary indicating estrogenic effects of the compound. The endocrine-disrupting effects of triclosan were confirmed. The current results suggest that chronic exposure to triclosan altered reproductive endpoints thereby impairing normal reproductive functions in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Siva Prasad Ms
- Department of Forensic Science, University of Calicut, Kerala Police Academy, Thrissur, India
| | - Chitra Kumari Chidambaran
- Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, India
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6
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Stennette KA, Godwin JR. Estrogenic influences on agonistic behavior in teleost fishes. Horm Behav 2024; 161:105519. [PMID: 38452611 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Teleost fishes show an extraordinary diversity of sexual patterns, social structures, and sociosexual behaviors. Sex steroid hormones are key modulators of social behaviors in teleosts as in other vertebrates and act on sex steroid receptor-containing brain nuclei that form the evolutionarily conserved vertebrate social behavior network (SBN). Fishes also display important differences relative to tetrapod vertebrates that make them particularly well-suited to study the physiological mechanisms modulating social behavior. Specifically, fishes exhibit high levels of brain aromatization and have what has been proposed to be a lifelong, steroid hormone dependent plasticity in the neural substrates mediating sociosexual behavior. In this review, we examine how estrogenic signaling modulates sociosexual behaviors in teleosts with a particular focus on agonistic behavior. Estrogens have been shown to mediate agonistic behaviors in a broad range of fishes, from sexually monomorphic gonochoristic species to highly dimorphic sex changers with alternate reproductive phenotypes. These similarities across such diverse taxa contribute to a growing body of evidence that estrogens play a crucial role in the modulation of aggression in vertebrates. As analytical techniques and genomic tools rapidly advance, methods such as LC-MS/MS, snRNAseq, and CRISPR-based mutagenesis show great promise to further elucidate the mechanistic basis of estrogenic effects on social behavior in the diverse teleost lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Stennette
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - John R Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Li M, Yang L, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Liu Y. Specific biomarkers and neurons distribution of different brain regions in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1385575. [PMID: 38745953 PMCID: PMC11091468 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1385575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain regulates multiple physiological processes in fish. Despite this, knowledge about the basic structure and function of distinct brain regions in non-model fish species remains limited due to their diversity and the scarcity of common biomarkers. In the present study, four major brain parts, the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon, were isolated in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Within these parts, nine brain regions and 74 nuclei were further identified through morphological and cytoarchitectonic analysis. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 7153 region-highly expressed genes and 176 region-specifically expressed genes. Genes related to growth, reproduction, emotion, learning, and memory were significantly overexpressed in the olfactory bulb and telencephalon (OBT). Feeding and stress-related genes were in the hypothalamus (Hy). Visual system-related genes were predominantly enriched in the optic tectum (OT), while vision and hearing-related genes were widely expressed in the cerebellum (Ce) region. Sensory input and motor output-related genes were in the medulla oblongata (Mo). Osmoregulation, stress response, sleep/wake cycles, and reproduction-related genes were highly expressed in the remaining brain (RB). Three candidate marker genes were further identified for each brain regions, such as neuropeptide FF (npff) for OBT, pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (pmch) for Hy, vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (viaat) for OT, excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (eaat1) for Ce, peripherin (prph) for Mo, and isotocin neurophysin (itnp) for RB. Additionally, the distribution of seven neurotransmitter-type neurons and five types of non-neuronal cells across different brain regions were analyzed by examining the expression of their marker genes. Notably, marker genes for glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons showed the highest expression levels across all brain regions. Similarly, the marker gene for radial astrocytes exhibited high expression compared to other markers, while those for microglia were the least expressed. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional characteristics of distinct brain regions in the largemouth bass, which offers a valuable resource for understanding the role of central nervous system in regulating physiological processes in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science (BEFS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leshan Yang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science (BEFS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
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Bogevik AS, Krasnov A, Burgerhout E, Berge K, Martinsen I, Hoel E, Erik Dalva L, Kilane S, Eriksen Vold J, Aarhus B, Østbye TKK, Rosenlund G, Morken T. Effect of prolonged feeding of broodstock diet with increased inclusion of essential n-3 fatty acids on maturing and spawning performance in 3-year-old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 348:114434. [PMID: 38142842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) broodstock recruits are normally fed a specialized diet with a higher content of essential nutrients for a limited time period prior to fasting and transfer to freshwater. Typically, this period lasts for about six months, but may vary among producers. Reduced use of marine ingredients in commercial salmon diets during the last decades has affected the content of essential nutrients, such as n-3 long chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, to minimize the risk of losses and implement new breeding achievements faster, breeding companies have shortened the production cycle of broodstock from 4 to 3 years, which may affect the number of fish that are large enough to mature. In the present study, we have extended the broodstock feeding period from 6 to 15 months prior to the freshwater transfer giving a higher content of n-3 LC-PUFA (higher inclusion of marine oils) from February to December (Phase 1), and thereafter a diet with a higher energy content to ensure growth towards the spring and maturation (Phase 2). Four sea cages with approximately 80.000 salmon postsmolt, two sea cages with males and two with females, were given a control diet and an experimental diet. Samples were taken in Phase 1 at start (1.7 kg), mid (3.4 kg) and end Phase 1/start of Phase 2 (8.3 kg), and end of Phase 2 (13.4 kg). The fish were thereafter fasted, and selected fish transferred to landbased freshwater tanks where light and temperature were used to manipulate the spawning time of the fish in two groups (early or late). Due to disease in the facility, measures of egg quality and hatching were only obtained from the early group. During the trial and spawning period, biometrical measurements were recorded, and samples of liver, gonad, fillet and red blood cells (RBC) were collected for fatty acid composition and blood plasma for analysis of lipid and health-related parameters. Samples were also collected for gonadal transcriptomic analysis by microarray and qPCR (end Phase 2) and plasma steroids (end Phase 2, mid maturation and spawning). Males fed the test diet had a larger body size compared to the control group at the end of Phase 2, while no differences were observed between dietary groups for the females. Total mortality in the trial was lower in the test group compared to the control, losses were caused mainly by sea lice treatments, loser fish or cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS). The dietary LC-PUFA levels in the test diet were reflected in the tissues particularly during Phase 1, but only different in the fillet samples and eggs at the end of Phase 2 and at spawning. Plasma sex steroids content increased at mid maturation and showed lower levels of androgens and estrogens in females fed the test diet compared to the control. At the end of Phase 2, transcriptional analysis showed upregulation of steroidogenic enzymes, although not reflected in changes in plasma steroids in Phase 2, indicating changes to come during maturation. The differences in LC-PUFA content in tissues and plasma steroids did not appear to affect fecundity, sperm quality, egg survival or hatching rate, but the test group had larger eggs compared to the control in the early spawner-group. Prolonged feeding of n-3 LC-PUFA to pre-puberty Atlantic salmon broodstock appears to be important for higher survival in challenging sea cage environments and has an effect on sex steroid production that, together with high energy diet during early maturation, cause the test group to produce larger eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eirik Hoel
- Skretting, P.O. Box 319, 4002 Stavanger, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grethe Rosenlund
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, P.O. Box 48, 4001 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thea Morken
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, P.O. Box 48, 4001 Stavanger, Norway
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Lopez MS, Alward BA. Androgen receptor deficiency is associated with reduced aromatase expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus of male cichlids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1532:73-82. [PMID: 38240562 PMCID: PMC10922992 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Social behaviors are regulated by sex steroid hormones, such as androgens and estrogens. However, the specific molecular and neural processes modulated by steroid hormones to generate social behaviors remain to be elucidated. We investigated whether some actions of androgen signaling in the control of social behavior may occur through the regulation of estradiol synthesis in the highly social cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni. Specifically, we examined the expression of cyp19a1, a brain-specific aromatase, in the brains of male A. burtoni lacking a functional ARα gene (ar1), which was recently found to be necessary for aggression in this species. We found that cyp19a1 expression is higher in wild-type males compared to ar1 mutant males in the anterior tuberal nucleus (ATn), the putative fish homolog of the mammalian ventromedial hypothalamus, a brain region that is critical for aggression across taxa. Using in situ hybridization chain reaction, we determined that cyp19a1+ cells coexpress ar1 throughout the brain, including in the ATn. We speculate that ARα may modulate cyp19a1 expression in the ATn to govern aggression in A. burtoni. These studies provide novel insights into the hormonal mechanisms of social behavior in teleosts and lay a foundation for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Beau A. Alward
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry. University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Shaw K, Lu C, Liu X, Trudeau VL. Arginine vasopressin injection rescues delayed oviposition in cyp19a1b-/- mutant female zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1308675. [PMID: 38144569 PMCID: PMC10739748 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1308675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In zebrafish, estrogens produced in the ovaries via Cyp19a1a activity are required for both sexual differentiation of the ovary during early development as well as maintenance of the ovarian state during adulthood. The importance of Cyp19a1b that is highly expressed in the brain for female reproduction is still under study. We previously reported that female cyp19a1b -/- mutant zebrafish have significantly lower brain estradiol levels and impaired spawning behavior characterized by an increased latency to oviposition during dyadic sexual behavior encounters. In the current study, we provide evidence that the delayed oviposition in female cyp19a1b -/- mutants is linked to impaired arginine vasopressin (Avp) signaling. Droplet digital PCR experiments revealed that levels of the estrogen receptors, avp, and oxytocin (oxt) are lower in the hypothalamus of mutant females compared to wildtype fish. We then used acute intraperitoneal injections of Avp and Oxt, along with mixtures of their respective receptor antagonists, to determine that Avp can uniquely rescue the delayed oviposition in female cyp19a1b -/- mutants. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that Cyp19a1b-expressing radial glial cell (RGC) fibers surround and are in contact with Avp-immunopositive neurons in the preoptic areas of the brain. This could provide the neuroanatomical proximity for RGC-derived estrogens to diffuse to and activate estrogen receptors and regulate avp expression levels. Together these findings identify a positive link between Cyp19a1b and Avp for female zebrafish sexual behavior. They also suggest that the female cyp19a1b -/- mutant behavioral phenotype is likely a consequence of impaired processing of Avp-dependent social cues important for mate identification and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Shaw
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chunyu Lu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Lai X, Peng S, Liu L, Zou Z, Cao L, Wang Y. Tissue-specific promoters regulate the transcription of cyp19a1 in the brain-pituitary-gonad axis of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106334. [PMID: 37236374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogens. Previous study indicated that putative tissue-specific promoters of the one aromatase gene (cyp19a1) may drive the differential regulatory mechanisms of cyp19a1 expression in Anguilla japonica. In the present study, for elucidating the transcription characteristics and the function of putative tissue-specific promoters of cyp19a1 in the brain-pituitary-gonad (BPG) axis during vitellogenesis, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of cyp19a1 by 17β-estrogen (E2), testosterone (T), or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in A. japonica. The expression of estrogen receptor (esra), androgen receptor (ara), or luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr) was up-regulated as cyp19a1 in response to E2, T, or HCG, respectively in the telencephalon, diencephalon, and pituitary. The expression of cyp19a1 was also upregulated in the ovary by HCG or T in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike in the brain and pituitary, the expression of esra and lhr, rather than ara, was upregulated by T in the ovary. Subsequently, four primary subtypes of 5'-untranslated terminal regions of cyp19a1 transcripts and the corresponding two 5' flanking regions (promoter P.I and P.II) were identified. The P.II existed in all BPG axis tissues, whereas the P.I with strong transcriptional activity was brain- and pituitary-specific. Furthermore, the transcriptional activity of promoters, the core promoter region, and the three putative hormone receptor response elements were validated. The transcriptional activity did not change when the HEK291T cells co-transfected with P.II and ar vector were exposed to T. These results suggested that the expression of cyp19a1 was upregulated indirectly through esra and lhr rather than ara by T in the ovary, whereas the expression of cyp19a1 was upregulated directly through androgen receptor and the downstream androgen response element of tissue-specific P.I in the brain and pituitary. The results of the study reveal the regulatory mechanisms of estrogen biosynthesis and provide a reference for optimizing the technology of artificially induced maturation in eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Lai
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education P. R. China, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shuai Peng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Le Cao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education P. R. China, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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12
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Blanc-Legendre M, Sire S, Christophe A, Brion F, Bégout ML, Cousin X. Embryonic exposures to chemicals acting on brain aromatase lead to different locomotor effects in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104221. [PMID: 37451529 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathways underlying neurodevelopmental effects of endocrine disruptors (EDs) remain poorly known. Expression of brain aromatase (aroB), responsible for estrogen production in the brain of teleosts, is regulated by estrogenic EDs and could play a role in their behavioral effects. We exposed zebrafish eleutheroembryos (0-120 h post-fertilization) to various concentrations of 16 estrogenic chemicals (incl. bisphenols and contraceptives), and of 2 aroB inhibitors. Behavior was monitored using a photomotor response test procedure. Both aroB inhibitors (clotrimazole and prochloraz) and a total of 6 estrogenic EDs induced significant behavioral alterations, including DM-BPA, BPC and BPS-MPE, three bisphenol substitutes which behavioral effects were, to our knowledge, previously unknown. However, no consensus was reported on the effects among tested substances. It appears that behavioral changes could not be linked to groups of substances defined by their specificity or potency to modulate aroB expression, or by their structure. Altogether, behavioral effects of estrogenic EDs in 120 h post-fertilization larvae appear unrelated to aroB but are nonetheless not to be neglected in the context of environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sacha Sire
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas, France
| | - Armelle Christophe
- Ecotoxicologie des substances et des milieux, Parc ALATA, INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - François Brion
- Ecotoxicologie des substances et des milieux, Parc ALATA, INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, Palavas, France
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13
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Boueid MJ, El-Hage O, Schumacher M, Degerny C, Tawk M. Zebrafish as an emerging model to study estrogen receptors in neural development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1240018. [PMID: 37664862 PMCID: PMC10469878 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1240018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens induce several regulatory signals in the nervous system that are mainly mediated through estrogen receptors (ERs). ERs are largely expressed in the nervous system, yet the importance of ERs to neural development has only been elucidated over the last decades. Accumulating evidence shows a fundamental role for estrogens in the development of the central and peripheral nervous systems, hence, the contribution of ERs to neural function is now a growing area of research. The conservation of the structure of the ERs and their response to estrogens make the zebrafish an interesting model to dissect the role of estrogens in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight major findings of ER signaling in embryonic zebrafish neural development and compare the similarities and differences to research in rodents. We also discuss how the recent generation of zebrafish ER mutants, coupled with the availability of several transgenic reporter lines, its amenability to pharmacological studies and in vivo live imaging, could help us explore ER function in embryonic neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcel Tawk
- *Correspondence: Cindy Degerny, ; Marcel Tawk,
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14
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Liu L, Miao J, Liu P, Zhao A, Yao L, Pan L. Comparison and quantification of estrogen receptor-mediated responsiveness to endocrine disruptors in bivalves by using complementary model and a novel yeast assay approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121208. [PMID: 36738881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in estuaries and coastal habitats have been widely detected over the world and caused global concern. Bivalves have been shown to be vulnerable to endocrine disruption. However, estrogen receptors (ERs) sensitivity to steroids and EDCs has long been considered to be restricted to vertebrates. In the present study, a computational simulation docking model was applied to qualitatively predict the binding behavior of two bivalve ERs to estradiol and compared the docking activity with zebra fish ERa. A novel reconstituted yeast system was constructed by using transcriptional activator GAL-4 consists of ER-expressing plasmid and ERE (estrogen responsive element)-containing plasmid. The assays showed that bivalve ER specifically activate transcription in response to tested steroids and EDCs, but the activation ability is weaker compared to zebra fish ERa. The results corroborate the presence of an active ER in bivalve molluscs and provide a promising tool for screening of marine environmental pollutants active in disturbing ERs of bivalves, as well as understanding the underlying mechanism across taxonomic groups and phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Peipei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Anran Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Linlin Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
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15
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Zhou L, Liu F, Chen J, Yang R, Li J, Wang Z, Cai M. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals sex bias in expression patterns of genes related to sex steroids and immunity in the skin of spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37054975 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fish skin is the first barrier against external invasion, and also an important interface for communication between males and females during reproduction. Nonetheless, sexual dimorphism in the physiology of fish skins is still poorly understood. Herein, transcriptomes of skin were comparatively analysed between males and females in spinyhead croaker, Collichthys lucidus. Totally, 170 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected, including 79 female-biased genes and 91 male-biased genes. Gene ontology (GO) annotation items of the DEGs were mainly enriched in biological process items (86.2%), including regulation of biological processes, responses to chemical and biological stimuli, transport and secretion, movement, immune response, tissue development, etc. In KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis, the male-biased genes were enriched in pathways including those related to immunity such as the TNF signalling pathway and IL-17 signalling pathway, whereas the female-biased genes were enriched in pathways including those related to female steroids such as ovarian steroidogenesis and oestrogen signalling pathway. In addition, odf3 was found to be a male-specific expression gene, being a candidate marker for phenotypic sex. Thus, the sexual difference in gene expression in fish skin in spawning season was uncovered by transcriptome analysis for the first time, providing new insights into sexual dimorphism in the physiology and functions of fish skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fujiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinshou Li
- College of life science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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16
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Soloperto S, Olivier S, Poret A, Minier C, Halm-Lemeille MP, Jozet-Alves C, Aroua S. Effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on the neuroendocrine gonadotropic system and behavior of European sea bass larvae ( Dicentrarchus labrax). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:198-215. [PMID: 36803253 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2177781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and other estrogenic endocrine disruptors, results in a continuous release of estrogenic compounds into aquatic environments. Xenoestrogens may interfere with the neuroendocrine system of aquatic organisms and may produce various adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to expose European sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) to EE2 (0.5 and 50 nM) for 8 d and determine the expression levels of brain aromatase (cyp19a1b), gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrh1, gnrh2, gnrh3), kisspeptins (kiss1, kiss2) and estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2a, esr2b, gpera, gperb). Growth and behavior of larvae as evidenced by locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors were measured 8 d after EE2 treatment and a depuration period of 20 d. Exposure to 0.5 nM EE2 induced a significant increase in cyp19a1b expression levels, while upregulation of gnrh2, kiss1, and cyp19a1b expression was noted after 8 d at 50 nM EE2. Standard length at the end of the exposure phase was significantly lower in larvae exposed to 50 nM EE2 than in control; however, this effect was no longer observed after the depuration phase. The upregulation of gnrh2, kiss1, and cyp19a1b expression levels was found in conjunction with elevation in locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors in larvae. Behavioral alterations were still detected at the end of the depuration phase. Evidence indicates that the long-lasting effects of EE2 on behavior might impact normal development and subsequent fitness of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soloperto
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - S Olivier
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - A Poret
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - C Minier
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - M P Halm-Lemeille
- Ifremer Port-en-Bessin, LaboratoireEnvironnement Ressources de Normandie, Port-en-Bessin, France
| | - C Jozet-Alves
- Normandie Univ, Unicaen, CNRS, Caen, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - S Aroua
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, Le Havre Cedex, France
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17
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Banerjee P, Chaube R, Joy KP. Catecholamines modulate differentially nonapeptide precursor mRNA expression in the preoptic area and ovary of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis: An in vitro study. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 333:114211. [PMID: 36642230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, three nonapeptide hormone genes were identified in the brain preoptic area (POA) and ovary: a pro-vasotocin (pro-vt) and two isotocin gene paralogs viz., a novel pro-ita and conventional pro-itb. In the present study, the regulatory role of catecholamines [CA: dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (AD)] on the expression of these genes were investigated in vitro. DA (1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) inhibited significantly the mRNA expression in both the POA and ovary. NA upregulated the POA mRNA expression in a biphasic manner, the lower concentrations (1 ng and 10 ng) scaled up and the higher concentration (100 ng) scaled down the expression of pro-vt and pro-itb, while only the 1 ng NA scaled up the pro-ita expression. In the ovary, NA upregulated the mRNA expressions at all concentrations; the pro-vt expression was stimulated only at 10 and 100 ng. AD stimulated pro-vt and pro-ita expression in the POA at all concentrations but the pro-itb expression was inhibited at 1 and 10 ng, and stimulated at 100 ng concentrations. In the ovary, AD elicited varied effects; no significant change in pro-vt, a stimulation of pro-ita, and an inhibition of pro-itb at 1 ng, and stimulation of pro-itb at the 10 and 100 ng. The incubation of the POA and ovary with α-methylparatyrosine (MPT, 250 µg/mL, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor) for 8 h downregulated the mRNA expression in the POA but unaltered the expression in the ovary. Pre-incubation with MPT for 4 h, followed by co-incubation with DA, NA or AD for 4 h elicited varied effects. In the POA, the co-incubations with the CAs rescued the inhibition due to MPT. The MPT + DA and MPT + AD treatments reduced the magnitude of the inhibition of pro-vt and pro-itb by MPT. But the pro-ita expression was modestly stimulated in the MPT + AD group. On the other hand, the MPT + NA treatment rescued the MPT effect and elicited 10-folds increase in the expression levels. In the ovary, the changes were: an inhibition in the MPT + DA group, no significant alteration in the MPT + NA group, and a mild stimulation in the MPT + AD group. The results suggest that CAs modulate brain and ovarian nonapeptide gene expression differentially, which is important in the neuroendocrine/endocrine integration of reproduction in the catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putul Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Radha Chaube
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Keerikkattil Paily Joy
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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18
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Alward BA, Hoadley AP, Jackson LR, Lopez MS. Genetic dissection of steroid-hormone modulated social behavior: Novel paralogous genes are a boon for discovery. Horm Behav 2023; 147:105295. [PMID: 36502603 PMCID: PMC9839648 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research across species has led to important discoveries on the functions of steroid hormones in the regulation of behavior. However, like in many fields, advancements in transgenic and mutagenic technology allowed mice to become the premier genetic model for conducting many experiments to understand how steroids control social behavior. Since there has been a general lack of parallel methodological developments in other species, many of the findings cannot be generalized. This is especially the case for teleost fish, in which a whole-genome duplication produced novel paralogs for key steroid hormone signaling genes. In this review, we summarize technical advancements over the history of the field of neuroendocrinology that have led to important insights in our understanding of the control of social behavior by steroids. We demonstrate that early mouse genetic models to understand these mechanisms suffered from several issues that were remedied by more precise transgenic technological advancements. We then highlight the importance of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools that will in time bridge the gap between mice and non-traditional model species for understanding principles of steroid hormone action in the modulation of social behavior. We specifically highlight the role of teleost fish in bridging this gap because they are 1) highly genetically tractable and 2) provide a novel advantage in achieving precise genetic control. The field of neuroendocrinology is entering a new "gene editing revolution" that will lead to novel discoveries about the roles of steroid hormones in the regulation and evolutionary trajectories of social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau A Alward
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, United States of America; University of Houston, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, United States of America.
| | - Andrew P Hoadley
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Lillian R Jackson
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Mariana S Lopez
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, United States of America
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19
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Paixão RV, Silva GF, Caetano AR, Cintra LC, Varela ES, O'Sullivan FLA. Phylogenomic and expression analysis of Colossoma macropomum cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b and their non-classical role in tambaqui sex differentiation. Gene 2022; 843:146795. [PMID: 35961435 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genes coding for Cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b) and estrogen (E2) receptors (esr1, esr2a and esr2b) play a conserved role in ovarian differentiation and development among teleosts. Classically, the "gonad form" of aromatase, coded by the cyp19a1a, is responsible for the ovarian differentiation in genetic females via ligation and activation of the Esr, which mediates the endocrine and exocrine signaling to allow or block the establishment of the feminine phenotype. However, in neotropical species, studies on the molecular and endocrine processes involved in gonad differentiation as well as on the effects of sex modulators are recent and scarce. In this study, we combined in silico analysis, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay and quantification of E2 plasma levels of differentiating tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) to unveil the roles of the paralogs cypa19a1a and cyp19a1b during sex differentiation. Although the synteny of each gene is very conserved among characids, the genomic environment displays striking differences in comparison to model teleost species, with many rearrangements in cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b adjacencies and transposable element traces in both regulatory regions. The high dissimilarity (DI) of SF-1 binding motifs in cyp19a1a (DI = 10.06 to 14.90 %) and cyp19a1b (DI = 8.41 to 13.50 %) regulatory region, respectively, may reflect in an alternative pathway in tambaqui. Indeed, while low transcription of cyp19a1a was detected prior to sex differentiation, the expression of cyp19a1b and esr2a presented a large variation at this phase, which could be associated with sex-specific differential expression. Histological analysis revealed that anti-estradiol treatments did not affect gonadal sex ratios, although Fadrozole (50 mg kg-1 of food) reduced E2 plasma levels (p < 0,005) as well cyp19a1a transcription; and tamoxifen (200 mg kg-1 of food) down regulated both cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b but did not influence E2 levels. Altogether, our results bring into light new insights about the evolutionary fate of cyp19a1 paralogs in neotropical fish, which may have generated uncommon roles for the gonadal and brain forms of cyp19a1 genes and the unexpected lack of effect of endocrine disruptors on tambaqui sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Paixão
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros, Avenida Rodrigo Otávio, CEP: 69080-900, 6200 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - G F Silva
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rodovia AM-010, Km 29, Caixa Postal 319, CEP: 69010-790, Brazil
| | - A R Caetano
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Final Av. W/5 Norte, C.P. 02372, CEP 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - L C Cintra
- Embrapa Agricultura Digital, Avenida André Tosselo, 209, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 13083-886, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - E S Varela
- Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura, Av. NS 10, cruzamento com a Av. LO 18 Sentido Norte Loteamento - Água Fria, Palmas, TO 77008-900, Brazil
| | - F L A O'Sullivan
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rodovia AM-010, Km 29, Caixa Postal 319, CEP: 69010-790, Brazil.
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20
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Goikoetxea A, Servili A, Houdelet C, Mouchel O, Hermet S, Clota F, Aerts J, Fernandino JI, Allal F, Vandeputte M, Blondeau-Bidet E, Geffroy B. Natural cortisol production is not linked to the sexual fate of European sea bass. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1117-1135. [PMID: 35917042 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cortisol and the determination of sexual fate in the commercially important European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). To test our hypothesis, we designed two temperature-based experiments (19 ℃, 21 ℃ and 23 ℃, experiment 1; 16 ℃ and 21 ℃, experiment 2) to assess the effects of these thermal treatments on European sea bass sex determination and differentiation. In the fish from the first experiment, we evaluated whether blood cortisol levels and expression of stress key regulatory genes were different between differentiating (149 to 183 dph) males and females. In the second experiment, we assessed whether cortisol accumulated in scales over time during the labile period for sex determination as well as the neuroanatomical localisation of brain cells expressing brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) differed between males and females undergoing molecular sex differentiation (117 to 124 dph). None of the gathered results allowed to detect differences between males and females regarding cortisol production and regulatory mechanisms. Altogether, our data provide strong physiological, molecular and histochemical evidence, indicating that in vivo cortisol regulation has no major effects on the sex of European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Servili
- Ifremer, IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Camille Houdelet
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Olivier Mouchel
- Ifremer, IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Sophie Hermet
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Fréderic Clota
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johan Aerts
- Stress Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ostend, Belgium
| | | | - François Allal
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
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21
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Soloperto S, Nihoul F, Olivier S, Poret A, Couteau J, Halm-Lemeille MP, Danger JM, Aroua S. Effects of 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) exposure during early life development on the gonadotropic axis ontogenesis of the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 271:111260. [PMID: 35724955 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of young organisms to oestrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can elicit adverse effects, particularly on the reproductive function. In fish, as in other vertebrates, reproduction is controlled by the neuroendocrine gonadotropic axis, whose components are mainly regulated by sex steroids and may then be targets for EDCs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a xenoestrogen exposure on the ontogenesis of the gonadotropic axis in European sea bass. After exposure of hatching larvae for 8 days to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) (0.5 nM and 50 nM), gene expression for kisspeptins (kiss1, kiss2), gonadotropin-releasing hormones (gnrh1, gnrh2, gnrh3), gonadotropin beta subunits (lhβ and fshβ) and brain type aromatase (cyp19a1b) were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results demonstrate that EE2 strongly stimulated the expression of brain type aromatase (cyp19a1b) in sea bass larvae. In addition, EE2 exposure also affected the mRNA levels of kiss1, gnrh1 and gnrh3 by inducing a downregulation of these genes during the early developmental stages, while no effect was seen in gnrh2, lhβ and fshβ. These results reinforce the idea that the larval development is a sensitive critical period in regard to endocrine disruption and that the gonadotropic axis in the developing sea bass is sensitive to xenoestrogen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Soloperto
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Le Havre, France
| | - Florent Nihoul
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Le Havre, France
| | - Stéphanie Olivier
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Le Havre, France
| | - Agnès Poret
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Le Havre, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Danger
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Le Havre, France
| | - Salima Aroua
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, FR CNRS 3730 Scale, Le Havre, France.
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22
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Yamaguchi A, Tsunematsu T, Motojima Y, Toriyama K, Horinouchi A, Ishii Y, Murata H, Yoshikawa S, Nyuji M, Shimizu A. Pituitary luteinizing hormone synthesis starts in aromatase (cyp19a1b)-positive cells expressing esr1 and esr2b at the onset of puberty in Takifugu rubripes (fugu). Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:259-287. [PMID: 35552517 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Unlike mammals, teleost fish have high aromatase activity (AA) in the pituitary. However, the cells responsible for oestradiol synthesis and the local physiological roles of this hormone remain unclear. Hence, we investigated the effects of age and development on steroidogenic activity, mRNA expression, and cyp19a1b localization in the pituitary gland of the Japanese pufferfish Takifugu rubripes. Under aquaculture conditions, AA was highest after puberty, and the mRNA expression levels of cyp19a1b and the oestrogen receptors esr1 and 2b and the level of serum testosterone (T) were significantly increased after puberty compared with the other developmental stages in male and female pufferfish. Immunohistochemistry using multiple antibodies and in situ hybridization analysis revealed that Cyp19a1b colocalizes with luteinizing hormone (LH) in pituitary cells. Furthermore, Esr1 was localized in the nuclei of all hormone-producing cells, whereas Esr2b was localized only in the nuclei of Cyp19- and LH-positive cells. The administration of an aromatizable androgen (T) or oestrogen (E2) to reproductively inactive females induced LH synthesis in vivo. We prepared spheroids from pituitary cells to investigate the role of local E2 in LH synthesis in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of spheroids showed that T-induced LH synthesis could be blocked by an aromatase inhibitor and/or an ER antagonist but not an AR antagonist. Taken together, these findings suggest that LH synthesis is initiated in cyp19a1b-, esr1-, and esr2b-expressing cells at the onset of puberty under the control of steroidal feedback, and both feedback and local oestrogen may be involved in controlling LH synthesis in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Tsunematsu
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Motojima
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kanako Toriyama
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Asami Horinouchi
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yukari Ishii
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hanezu Murata
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sota Yoshikawa
- Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Fisheries, 1551-4, Taira, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nyuji
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Present address: Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
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23
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Transcriptomes of testis and pituitary from male Nile tilapia (O. niloticus L.) in the context of social status. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268140. [PMID: 35544481 PMCID: PMC9094562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
African cichlids are well established models for studying social hierarchies in teleosts and elucidating the effects social dominance has on gene expression. Ascension in the social hierarchy has been found to increase plasma levels of steroid hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) as well as gonadosomatic index (GSI). Furthermore, the expression of genes related to gonadotropins and steroidogenesis and signaling along the brain-pituitary-gonad axis (BPG-axis) is affected by changes of an animal’s social status. In this study, we use RNA-sequencing to obtain an in-depth look at the transcriptomes of testes and pituitaries from dominant and subordinate male Nile tilapia living in long-term stable social hierarchies. This allows us to draw conclusions about factors along the brain-pituitary-gonad axis that are involved in maintaining dominance over weeks or even months. We identify a number of genes that are differentially regulated between dominant and subordinate males and show that in high-ranking fish this subset of genes is generally upregulated. Genes differentially expressed between the two social groups comprise growth factors, related binding proteins and receptors, components of Wnt-, Tgfβ- and retinoic acid-signaling pathway, gonadotropin signaling and steroidogenesis pathways. The latter is backed up by elevated levels of 11-ketotestosterone, testosterone and estradiol in dominant males. Luteinizing hormone (Lh) is found in higher concentration in the plasma of long-term dominant males than in subordinate animals. Our results both strengthen the existing models and propose new candidates for functional studies to expand our understanding of social phenomena in teleost fish.
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Merii MH, Fardoun MM, El-Asmar K, Khalil MI, Eid A, Dhaini HR. Effect of BPA on CYP450s expression, and nicotine modulation, in fetal rat brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 92:107095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Spool JA, Bergan JF, Remage-Healey L. A neural circuit perspective on brain aromatase. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100973. [PMID: 34942232 PMCID: PMC9667830 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the role of aromatase in the brain as illuminated by a set of conserved network-level connections identified in several vertebrate taxa. Aromatase-expressing neurons are neurochemically heterogeneous but the brain regions in which they are found are highly-conserved across the vertebrate lineage. During development, aromatase neurons have a prominent role in sexual differentiation of the brain and resultant sex differences in behavior and human brain diseases. Drawing on literature primarily from birds and rodents, we delineate brain regions that express aromatase and that are strongly interconnected, and suggest that, in many species, aromatase expression essentially defines the Social Behavior Network. Moreover, in several cases the inputs to and outputs from this core Social Behavior Network also express aromatase. Recent advances in molecular and genetic tools for neuroscience now enable in-depth and taxonomically diverse studies of the function of aromatase at the neural circuit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Spool
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Joseph F Bergan
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Luke Remage-Healey
- Center for Neuroendocrine Studies, Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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26
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Roy B, Basak R, Rai U. Impact of xenoestrogens on sex differentiation and reproduction in teleosts. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Sharma P, Purohit S, Kothiyal S, Negi S, Bhattacharya I. Sex Specific Transcriptional Regulation of Gonadal Steroidogenesis in Teleost Fishes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:820241. [PMID: 35250877 PMCID: PMC8894591 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.820241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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28
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Ji X, Bu S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wen X, Song F, Luo J. Identification of SF-1 and FOXL2 and Their Effect on Activating P450 Aromatase Transcription via Specific Binding to the Promoter Motifs in Sex Reversing Cheilinus undulatus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863360. [PMID: 35620392 PMCID: PMC9127060 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The giant wrasse Cheilinus undulatus is a protogynous socially hermaphroditic fish. However, the physiological basis of its sex reversal remains largely unknown. cyp19 is a key gender-related gene encoding P450 aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens. cyp19 transcription regulation is currently unknown in socially sexually reversible fish. We identified NR5A1 by encoding SF-1, and FOXL2 from giant wrasse cDNA and cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b promoter regions were cloned from genomic DNA to determine the function of both genes in cyp19a1 regulation. Structural analysis showed that SF-1 contained a conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD). FOXL2 was comprised of an evolutionarily conserved Forkhead domain. In vitro transfection assays showed that SF-1 could upregulate cyp19a1 promoter activities, but FOXL2 could only enhance cyp19a1b promoter transcriptional activity in the HEK293T cell line. Furthermore, HEK293T and COS-7 cell lines showed that co-transfecting the two transcription factors significantly increased cyp19a1 promoter activity. The -120 to -112 bp (5'-CAAGGGCAC-3') and -890 to -872 bp (5'-AGAGGAGAACAAGGGGAG-3') regions of the cyp19a1a promoter were the core regulatory elements for SF-1 and FOXL2, respectively, to regulate cyp19a1b promoter transcriptional activity. Collectively, these results suggest that both FOXL2 and SF-1 are involved in giant wrasse sex reversal.
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29
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Zhou L, Li M, Wang D. Role of sex steroids in fish sex determination and differentiation as revealed by gene editing. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 313:113893. [PMID: 34454946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of sex steroids in sex determination and differentiation is relatively conserved among non-mammalian vertebrates, especially in fish. Thanks to the advances in genome sequencing and genome editing, significant progresses have been made in the understanding of steroidogenic pathway and hormonal regulation of sex determination and differentiation in fish. It seems that loss of function study of single gene challenges the traditional views that estrogen is required for ovarian differentiation and androgen is needed for testicular development, but it is not so in essence. Steroidogenic enzymes can be classified into two categories based on expression and enzyme activities in fish. One type, encoded by star2, cyp17a1 and cyp19a1a, is involved in estrogen production and exclusively expressed in the gonads. Mutation of these genes results in the up-regulation of male pathway genes and sex reversal from genetic female to male. The other type, encoded by the duplicated paralogs of the above genes, including star1, cyp11a1, cyp17a2 and cyp19a1b, as well as cyp11c1 gene, is dominantly expressed both in gonads and extra-gonadal tissues. Mutation of these genes alters the steroids (androgen, DHP and cortisol) production and spermatogenesis, fertility, secondary sexual characteristics and sexual behavior, but usually does not affect the sex differentiation. For the estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2a and esr2b), single mutation failed to, but double and triple mutation leads to sex reversal from female to male, indicating that at least Esr2a and Esr2b are required to mediate the role of estrogen in sex determination proved by gene editing experiments. Taken together, results from gene editing enrich our understanding of steroid synthesis pathways and further confirm the critical role of estrogen in female sex determination by antagonizing the male pathway in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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30
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Zhang G, Lübke L, Chen F, Beil T, Takamiya M, Diotel N, Strähle U, Rastegar S. Neuron-Radial Glial Cell Communication via BMP/Id1 Signaling Is Key to Long-Term Maintenance of the Regenerative Capacity of the Adult Zebrafish Telencephalon. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102794. [PMID: 34685774 PMCID: PMC8534405 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system of adult zebrafish displays an extraordinary neurogenic and regenerative capacity. In the zebrafish adult brain, this regenerative capacity relies on neural stem cells (NSCs) and the careful management of the NSC pool. However, the mechanisms controlling NSC pool maintenance are not yet fully understood. Recently, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) and their downstream effector Id1 (Inhibitor of differentiation 1) were suggested to act as key players in NSC maintenance under constitutive and regenerative conditions. Here, we further investigated the role of BMP/Id1 signaling in these processes, using different genetic and pharmacological approaches. Our data show that BMPs are mainly expressed by neurons in the adult telencephalon, while id1 is expressed in NSCs, suggesting a neuron-NSC communication via the BMP/Id1 signaling axis. Furthermore, manipulation of BMP signaling by conditionally inducing or repressing BMP signaling via heat-shock, lead to an increase or a decrease of id1 expression in the NSCs, respectively. Induction of id1 was followed by an increase in the number of quiescent NSCs, while knocking down id1 expression caused an increase in NSC proliferation. In agreement, genetic ablation of id1 function lead to increased proliferation of NSCs, followed by depletion of the stem cell pool with concomitant failure to heal injuries in repeatedly injured mutant telencephala. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of BMP and Notch signaling suggests that the two signaling systems cooperate and converge onto the transcriptional regulator her4.1. Interestingly, brain injury lead to a depletion of NSCs in animals lacking BMP/Id1 signaling despite an intact Notch pathway. Taken together, our data demonstrate how neurons feedback on NSC proliferation and that BMP1/Id1 signaling acts as a safeguard of the NSC pool under regenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqun Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Luisa Lübke
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Fushun Chen
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Tanja Beil
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, INSERM, UMR 1188, Université de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France;
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
- Centre of Organismal Studies, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.Z.); (L.L.); (F.C.); (T.B.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (U.S.); (S.R.)
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31
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Guo CY, Tseng PW, Hwang JS, Wu GC, Chang CF. Potential role of DNA methylation of cyp19a1a promoter during sex change in protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 311:113840. [PMID: 34216589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has a pivotal role in early female differentiation and further ovarian development. Aromatase (Cyp19a) is responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens in vertebrates. In teleosts, cyp19a1a and it paralog cyp19a1b are mainly expressed in the ovary and hypothalamus, respectively. Decreased plasma estrogen levels and lower cyp19a1a expression are associated with the initiation of female-to-male sex change in protogynous grouper. However, an 17α-methyltestosterone (MT)-induced the sex change from a female to a precocious male is a transient phase, and a reversible sex change (induced male-to-female) occurs after chemical withdrawal. Thus, we used this characteristic to study the epigenetic modification of cyp19a1a promoter in orange-spotted grouper. CpG-rich region with a CpG island is located on the putative regulatory region of distal cyp19a1a promoter. Our results showed that cyp19a1a promoter exhibited tissue-specific methylation status. Low methylation levels of distal cyp19a1a promoter and hypomethylated (0-40%) clones of cyp19a1a promoter region were widely observed in the ovary but not shown in testis and other tissues. In femaleness, higher numbers of hypomethylated clones of cyp19a1a promoter region were observed in the vitellogenic oocyte stage compared to the primary oocyte stage. Furthermore, decreased numbers of hypomethylated clones of cyp19a1a promoter region were associated with the maleness during the female-to-male sex change. DNA methylation inhibitor (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) delayed the spermatogenesis process (according to germ cell stage and numbers: by decrease of sperm and increase of spermatocytes) but did not influence the reversed sex change in MT-induced bi-directional sex change. These results suggest that epigenetic modification of cyp19a1a promoter may play an important role during the sex change in orange-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Guo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Wei Tseng
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Sánchez JAA, Barros DM, de Los Angeles Bistoni M, Ballesteros ML, Roggio MA, Martins CDGM. Glyphosate-based herbicides affect behavioural patterns of the livebearer Jenynsia multidentata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29958-29970. [PMID: 33576960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Roundup® is one of the most widely marketed glyphosate-based herbicides in the world. There are many different formulations of this brand that differ from each other in glyphosate concentration, salts and adjuvants, including surfactants, which are labelled as "inert" compounds. Several studies have shown that these formulations are highly toxic to fish, even compared with pure glyphosate. However, mechanisms underlying this toxicity are not fully understood. In this context, this study evaluated the effects of exposure to Roundup Original® (RO), Roundup Transorb® (RT), and Roundup WG® (RWG) on the behavioural patterns of the livebearer Jenynsia multidentata. This fish naturally inhabits agricultural areas in southern Brazil and Argentina where glyphosate is used extensively. In the experiment, animals were exposed to the herbicides for 96 h, at the environmentally relevant concentration of 0.5 mg/L of glyphosate. Swimming performance, anxiety, aggressiveness, long-term memory and male sexual activity were recorded. The formulation RWG negatively affected swimming performance, thigmotaxia and long-term memory consolidation. Conversely, RT reduced the sexual performance of males. These results confirm that Roundup® formulations are extremely harmful and also that they have different targets of toxicity, affecting behaviours that are essential for fish survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrea Albañil Sánchez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Marti Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Bistoni
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Laura Ballesteros
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Angelina Roggio
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - UNC, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Camila De Gaspar Martinez Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Beltrán I, Herculano-Houzel S, Sinervo B, Whiting MJ. Are ectotherm brains vulnerable to global warming? Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:691-699. [PMID: 34016477 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated temperatures during development affect a wide range of traits in ectotherms. Less well understood is the impact of global warming on brain development, which has only rarely been studied experimentally. Here, we evaluate current progress in the field and search for common response patterns among ectotherm groups. Evidence suggests that temperature may have a positive effect on neuronal activity and growth in developing brains, but only up to a threshold, above which temperature is detrimental to neuron development. These responses appear to be taxon dependent but this assumption may be due to a paucity of data for some taxonomic groups. We provide a framework with which to advance this highly promising field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Beltrán
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Suzana Herculano-Houzel
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Martin J Whiting
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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34
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Strüssmann CA, Yamamoto Y, Hattori RS, Fernandino JI, Somoza GM. Where the Ends Meet: An Overview of Sex Determination in Atheriniform Fishes. Sex Dev 2021; 15:80-92. [PMID: 33951664 DOI: 10.1159/000515191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atheriniform fishes have recently emerged as attractive models for evolutionary, ecological, and molecular/physiological studies on sex determination. Many species in this group have marked temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and yet many species also have a sex determinant gene that provides a strong drive for male differentiation. Thus, in these species the 2 forms of sex determination that were once considered to be mutually exclusive, environmental (ESD) and genotypic (GSD) sex determination, can coexist at environmentally relevant conditions. Here, we review the current knowledge on sex determination in atheriniform fishes with emphasis on the molecular and physiological mechanisms of ESD and GSD, the coexistence and cross-talk between these 2 mechanisms, the possibility of extragonadal transduction of environmental information and/or extragonadal onset of sex determination, and the results of field studies applying novel tools such as otolith increment analysis and molecular markers of genetic sex developed for selected New World and Old World atheriniform species. We also discuss the existence of molecular and histological mechanisms to prevent the discrepant differentiation in parts of the gonads because of ambiguous or conflicting environmental and genetic signals and particularly the possibility that the female is the default state in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Strüssmann
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricardo S Hattori
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan I Fernandino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Gustavo M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
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Tenugu S, Pranoty A, Mamta SK, Senthilkumaran B. Development and organisation of gonadal steroidogenesis in bony fishes - A review. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bosse GD, Cadeddu R, Floris G, Farero RD, Vigato E, Lee SJ, Zhang T, Gaikwad NW, Keefe KA, Phillips PE, Bortolato M, Peterson RT. The 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride reduces opioid self-administration in animal models of opioid use disorder. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143990. [PMID: 33848264 DOI: 10.1172/jci143990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a leading cause of death in the United States, yet current therapeutic strategies remain highly inadequate. To identify potential treatments for OUD, we screened a targeted selection of over 100 drugs using a recently developed opioid self-administration assay in zebrafish. This paradigm showed that finasteride, a steroidogenesis inhibitor approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenetic alopecia, reduced self-administration of multiple opioids without affecting locomotion or feeding behavior. These findings were confirmed in rats; furthermore, finasteride reduced the physical signs associated with opioid withdrawal. In rat models of neuropathic pain, finasteride did not alter the antinociceptive effect of opioids and reduced withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia. Steroidomic analyses of the brains of fish treated with finasteride revealed a significant increase in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Treatment with precursors of DHEAS reduced opioid self-administration in zebrafish in a fashion akin to the effects of finasteride. These results highlight the importance of steroidogenic pathways as a rich source of therapeutic targets for OUD and point to the potential of finasteride as a new treatment option for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Bosse
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Roberto Cadeddu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan D Farero
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eva Vigato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Suhjung J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Kristen A Keefe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paul Em Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Sulliman NC, Ghaddar B, Gence L, Patche J, Rastegar S, Meilhac O, Diotel N. HDL biodistribution and brain receptors in zebrafish, using HDLs as vectors for targeting endothelial cells and neural progenitors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6439. [PMID: 33742021 PMCID: PMC7979862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDLs) display pleiotropic functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-protease, and anti-apoptotic properties. These effects are mediated by four main receptors: SCARB1 (SR-BI), ABCA1, ABCG1, and CD36. Recently, HDLs have emerged for their potential involvement in brain functions, considering their epidemiological links with cognition, depression, and brain plasticity. However, their role in the brain is not well understood. Given that the zebrafish is a well-recognized model for studying brain plasticity, metabolic disorders, and apolipoproteins, it could represent a good model for investigating the role of HDLs in brain homeostasis. By analyzing RNA sequencing data sets and performing in situ hybridization, we demonstrated the wide expression of scarb1, abca1a, abca1b, abcg1, and cd36 in the brain of adult zebrafish. Scarb1 gene expression was detected in neural stem cells (NSCs), suggesting a possible role of HDLs in NSC activity. Accordingly, intracerebroventricular injection of HDLs leads to their uptake by NSCs without modulating their proliferation. Next, we studied the biodistribution of HDLs in the zebrafish body. In homeostatic conditions, intraperitoneal injection of HDLs led to their accumulation in the liver, kidneys, and cerebral endothelial cells in zebrafish, similar to that observed in mice. After telencephalic injury, HDLs were diffused within the damaged parenchyma and were taken up by ventricular cells, including NSCs. However, they failed to modulate the recruitment of microglia cells at the injury site and the injury-induced proliferation of NSCs. In conclusion, our results clearly show a functional HDL uptake process involving several receptors that may impact brain homeostasis and suggest the use of HDLs as delivery vectors to target NSCs for drug delivery to boost their neurogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Cassam Sulliman
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Batoul Ghaddar
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Laura Gence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Jessica Patche
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.
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Cellular Mechanisms Participating in Brain Repair of Adult Zebrafish and Mammals after Injury. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020391. [PMID: 33672842 PMCID: PMC7917790 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is an evolutionary conserved process occurring in all vertebrates. However, striking differences are observed between the taxa, considering the number of neurogenic niches, the neural stem cell (NSC) identity, and brain plasticity under constitutive and injury-induced conditions. Zebrafish has become a popular model for the investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in adult neurogenesis. Compared to mammals, the adult zebrafish displays a high number of neurogenic niches distributed throughout the brain. Furthermore, it exhibits a strong regenerative capacity without scar formation or any obvious disabilities. In this review, we will first discuss the similarities and differences regarding (i) the distribution of neurogenic niches in the brain of adult zebrafish and mammals (mainly mouse) and (ii) the nature of the neural stem cells within the main telencephalic niches. In the second part, we will describe the cascade of cellular events occurring after telencephalic injury in zebrafish and mouse. Our study clearly shows that most early events happening right after the brain injury are shared between zebrafish and mouse including cell death, microglia, and oligodendrocyte recruitment, as well as injury-induced neurogenesis. In mammals, one of the consequences following an injury is the formation of a glial scar that is persistent. This is not the case in zebrafish, which may be one of the main reasons that zebrafish display a higher regenerative capacity.
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Di Nardo G, Zhang C, Marcelli AG, Gilardi G. Molecular and Structural Evolution of Cytochrome P450 Aromatase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E631. [PMID: 33435208 PMCID: PMC7827799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase is the cytochrome P450 enzyme converting androgens into estrogen in the last phase of steroidogenesis. As estrogens are crucial in reproductive biology, aromatase is found in vertebrates and the invertebrates of the genus Branchiostoma, where it carries out the aromatization reaction of the A-ring of androgens that produces estrogens. Here, we investigate the molecular evolution of this unique and highly substrate-selective enzyme by means of structural, sequence alignment, and homology modeling, shedding light on its key role in species conservation. The alignments led to the identification of a core structure that, together with key and unique amino acids located in the active site and the substrate recognition sites, has been well conserved during evolution. Structural analysis shows what their roles are and the reason why they have been preserved. Moreover, the residues involved in the interaction with the redox partner and some phosphorylation sites appeared late during evolution. These data reveal how highly substrate-selective cytochrome P450 has evolved, indicating that the driving forces for evolution have been the optimization of the interaction with the redox partner and the introduction of phosphorylation sites that give the possibility of modulating its activity in a rapid way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Di Nardo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 1023 Torino, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
| | | | | | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 1023 Torino, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.G.M.)
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Fontaine R, Royan MR, von Krogh K, Weltzien FA, Baker DM. Direct and Indirect Effects of Sex Steroids on Gonadotrope Cell Plasticity in the Teleost Fish Pituitary. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:605068. [PMID: 33365013 PMCID: PMC7750530 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.605068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pituitary gland controls many important physiological processes in vertebrates, including growth, homeostasis, and reproduction. As in mammals, the teleost pituitary exhibits a high degree of plasticity. This plasticity permits changes in hormone production and secretion necessary to meet the fluctuating demands over the life of an animal. Pituitary plasticity is achieved at both cellular and population levels. At the cellular level, hormone synthesis and release can be regulated via changes in cell composition to modulate both sensitivity and response to different signals. At the cell population level, the number of cells producing a given hormone can change due to proliferation, differentiation of progenitor cells, or transdifferentiation of specific cell types. Gonadotropes, which play an important role in the control of reproduction, have been intensively investigated during the last decades and found to display plasticity. To ensure appropriate endocrine function, gonadotropes rely on external and internal signals integrated at the brain level or by the gonadotropes themselves. One important group of internal signals is the sex steroids, produced mainly by the gonadal steroidogenic cells. Sex steroids have been shown to exert complex effects on the teleost pituitary, with differential effects depending on the species investigated, physiological status or sex of the animal, and dose or method of administration. This review summarizes current knowledge of the effects of sex steroids (androgens and estrogens) on gonadotrope cell plasticity in teleost anterior pituitary, discriminating direct from indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fontaine
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad Rahmad Royan
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine von Krogh
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn-Arne Weltzien
- Physiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dianne M. Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA, United States
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41
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Chaube R, Rawat A, Inbaraj RM, Joy KP. Cloning and characterization of estrogen hydroxylase (cyp1a1 and cyp1b1) genes in the stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis and induction of mRNA expression during final oocyte maturation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 253:110863. [PMID: 33301890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen hydroxylases (EHs) are cytochrome P450 Family 1 (Cyp1, Clan 2) proteins involved in estrogen hydroxylations at 2-, 4- or 16- carbon positions to form catecholestrogens. EHs are encoded by CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 in mammals. In the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, cyp1a1 and cyp1b1 cDNAs were cloned and characterized from liver and ovary. The cyp1a1 cDNA is 2071 bp long and codes for a 518 amino acids (aa) long protein. The cloned cyp1b1 cDNA is 1927 bp long and codes for a 509 residue protein. The deduced proteins clustered distinctly into teleost Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 clades, distinct from the tetrapod clusters and featured common function domains and homology with other teleost proteins. In the qPCR assay, the transcripts were the most abundant in the liver, followed by brain and ovary, and moderate in gill, kidney and muscle. Evidence was presented to show the involvement of the genes in reproduction. Expression of brain and ovarian transcripts showed significant seasonal variations with the highest abundance in the spawning phase. In situ hybridization showed the transcripts in the follicular layer (theca and granulosa) of the ovarian follicles. Periovulatory changes in the expression cyp1a1 and cyp1b1 were obtained during final oocyte maturation (FOM) and ovulation induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), both in vivo and in vitro, and by 2-hydroxyestradiol-17β (catecholestrogen) in vitro. In the brain, the transcript levels increased with time but in the ovary, the increase was maximal at 16 h and decreased at 24 h. The periovulatory activation of the cyp1 genes was reported in this study and discussed on the basis of complex regulation of FOM and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaube
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - A Rawat
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - R M Inbaraj
- Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai 600059, India
| | - K P Joy
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India.
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Naderi M, Kwong RWM. A comprehensive review of the neurobehavioral effects of bisphenol S and the mechanisms of action: New insights from in vitro and in vivo models. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106078. [PMID: 32911243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The normal brain development and function are delicately driven by an ever-changing milieu of steroid hormones arising from fetal, placental, and maternal origins. This reliance on the neuroendocrine system sets the stage for the exquisite sensitivity of the central nervous system to the adverse effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common EDCs which has been a particular focus of environmental concern for decades due to its widespread nature and formidable threat to human and animal health. The heightened regulatory actions and the scientific and public concern over the adverse health effects of BPA have led to its replacement with a suite of structurally similar but less known alternative chemicals. Bisphenol S (BPS) is the main substitute for BPA that is increasingly being used in a wide array of consumer and industrial products. Although it was considered to be a safe BPA alternative, mounting evidence points to the deleterious effects of BPS on a wide range of neuroendocrine functions in animals. In addition to its reproductive toxicity, recent experimental efforts indicate that BPS has a considerable potential to induce neurotoxicity and behavioral dysfunction. This review analyzes the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of BPS and discusses its potential mode of actions on several aspects of the neuroendocrine system. We summarize the role of certain hormones and their signaling pathways in the regulation of brain and behavior and discuss how BPS induces neurotoxicity through interactions with these pathways. Finally, we review potential links between BPS exposure and aberrant neurobehavioral functions in animals and identify key knowledge gaps and hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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DeCourten BM, Forbes JP, Roark HK, Burns NP, Major KM, White JW, Li J, Mehinto AC, Connon RE, Brander SM. Multigenerational and Transgenerational Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Endocrine Disruptors in an Estuarine Fish Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13849-13860. [PMID: 32989987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many pollutants cause endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms. While studies of the direct effects of toxicants on exposed organisms are commonplace, little is known about the potential for toxicant exposures in a parental (F0) generation to affect unexposed F1 or F2 generations (multigenerational and transgenerational effects, respectively), particularly in estuarine fishes. To investigate this possibility, we exposed inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) to environmentally relevant (low ng/L) concentrations of ethinylestradiol, bifenthrin, trenbolone, and levonorgestrel from 8 hpf to 21 dph. We then measured development, immune response, reproduction, gene expression, and DNA methylation for two subsequent generations following the exposure. Larval exposure (F0) to each compound resulted in negative effects in the F0 and F1 generations, and for ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel, the F2 also. The specific endpoints that were responsive to exposure in each generation varied, but included increased incidence of larval deformities, reduced larval growth and survival, impaired immune function, skewed sex ratios, ovarian atresia, reduced egg production, and altered gene expression. Additionally, exposed fish exhibited differences in DNA methylation in selected genes, across all three generations, indicating epigenetic transfer of effects. These findings suggest that assessments across multiple generations are key to determining the full magnitude of adverse effects from contaminant exposure in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M DeCourten
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Joshua P Forbes
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
| | - Hunter K Roark
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
| | - Nathan P Burns
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, United States
| | - Kaley M Major
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - J Wilson White
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon 97365, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon 97365, United States
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Chang J, Pan Y, Yang L, Xie Y, Xu P, Wang H. Environmental relevant concentration of λ-cyhalothrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid caused endocrine-disrupting effects on male lizards (Eremias argus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115077. [PMID: 32806430 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the endocrine toxicity of LCT and PBA was investigated through exposure to Eremias argus for two weeks under environmental relevant concentration. RNA-sequencing identified 4442 and 4653 differentially expressed genes in lizard liver after LCT and PBA exposure. Four differentially expressed genes (hsd17β, ar, sult, ugt) related with hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis were quantified by qPCR. The expression of genes associated with HPG axis in different tissues differed significantly. In LCT treatment group, ar, cyp17 and hsd3β genes involved in testosterone synthesis and transportation were significantly decreased in lizard testes, and the spermatogensis was inhibited in the testes, which indicated the anti-androgenic activity of LCT. After PBA exposure, the genes related with estradiol synthesis, transportation and metabolism, such as hsd17β, erα, ugt in lizard liver were important biomarkers and the significant decrease of estradiol level was highly correlated with hsd17β, erα, ugt gene expressions. The relative high binding affinity of PBA with ERα further demonstrated the anti-estrogenic activity of PBA. Our results elucidate the different toxic mechanism of LCT and PBA on lizard endocrine system at environmental relevant concentration. Pyrethroids metabolism may cause more seriously toxicity rather than detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
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45
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Nyuji M, Hongo Y, Yoneda M, Nakamura M. Transcriptome characterization of BPG axis and expression profiles of ovarian steroidogenesis-related genes in the Japanese sardine. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:668. [PMID: 32993516 PMCID: PMC7526130 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clupeoid fishes are ecologically and commercially important fish species worldwide that exhibit a high level of population fluctuation, accompanied by alteration of reproductive traits. However, knowledge about their reproductive physiology in order to understand mechanisms underlying such population dynamics is limited. The endocrine system along with the brain–pituitary–gonadal (BPG) axis is critical for regulating reproduction. The aims of this study were to provide transcript data and genes related to the BPG axis, and to characterize the expression profiles of ovarian steroidogenesis-related genes in the Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus, Clupeidae). Results RNA sequencing was performed using the sardine brain, pituitary, and gonad in both sexes. A total of 290,119 contigs were obtained and 115,173 non-redundant ORFs were annotated. The genes differentially expressed between ovary and testis were strongly associated with GO terms related to gamete production. The tissue-specific profile of the abundance of transcripts was characterized for the major regulators in the BPG axis, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin, and steroidogenic enzyme. By comparing between ovary and testis, out of eight different 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Hsd17b) genes identified, higher hsd17b7 expression was found in testis, whereas higher expression of hsd17b8, hsd17b10, hsd17b12a, and hsd17b12b was found in ovary. The cDNAs encoding key endocrine factors in the ovarian steroidogenic pathway were cloned, sequenced, and quantitatively assayed. In the pituitary, follicle-stimulating hormone beta peaked during vitellogenesis, while luteinizing hormone beta peaked at the completion of vitellogenesis. In the ovary, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor were upregulated from mid- to late phase of vitellogenesis. Furthermore, three steroidogenic enzyme genes (cyp11a1, cyp17a1, and cyp19a1a) gradually increased their expression during ovarian development, accompanying a rise in serum estradiol-17β, while 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein did not change significantly. Conclusions This is the first report of deep RNA sequencing analysis of Japanese sardine, in which many key genes involved in the BPG axis were identified. Expression profiles of ovarian steroidogenesis-related genes provide a molecular basis of the physiological processes underlying ovarian development in the sardine. Our study will be a valuable resource for clarifying the molecular biology of clupeoid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Nyuji
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hongo
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Michio Yoneda
- Hakatajima Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kinoura, Imabari, Ehime, 794-2305, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Hakatajima Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kinoura, Imabari, Ehime, 794-2305, Japan
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46
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Diotel N, Lübke L, Strähle U, Rastegar S. Common and Distinct Features of Adult Neurogenesis and Regeneration in the Telencephalon of Zebrafish and Mammals. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:568930. [PMID: 33071740 PMCID: PMC7538694 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.568930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to mammals, the adult zebrafish brain shows neurogenic activity in a multitude of niches present in almost all brain subdivisions. Irrespectively, constitutive neurogenesis in the adult zebrafish and mouse telencephalon share many similarities at the cellular and molecular level. However, upon injury during tissue repair, the situation is entirely different. In zebrafish, inflammation caused by traumatic brain injury or by induced neurodegeneration initiates specific and distinct neurogenic programs that, in combination with signaling pathways implicated in constitutive neurogenesis, quickly, and efficiently overcome the loss of neurons. In the mouse brain, injury-induced inflammation promotes gliosis leading to glial scar formation and inhibition of regeneration. A better understanding of the regenerative mechanisms occurring in the zebrafish brain could help to develop new therapies to combat the debilitating consequences of brain injury, stroke, and neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to compare the properties of neural progenitors and the signaling pathways, which control adult neurogenesis and regeneration in the zebrafish and mammalian telencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Diotel
- INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Luisa Lübke
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Driscoll RMH, Faber-Hammond JJ, O'Rourke CF, Hurd PL, Renn SCP. Epigenetic regulation of gonadal and brain aromatase expression in a cichlid fish with environmental sex determination. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113538. [PMID: 32585214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fit animal must develop testes or ovaries, with brain and physiology to match. In species with alternative male morphs this coordination of development across tissues operates within sexes as well as between. For Pelvicachromis pulcher, an African cichlid in which early pH exposure influences both sex and alternative male morph, we sequence both copies of aromatase (cyp19a1), a key gene for sex determination. We analyze gene expression and epigenetic state, comparing gonad and brain tissue from females, alternative male morphs, and fry. Relative to brain, we find elevated expression of the A-copy in the ovaries but not testes. Methylation analysis suggests strong epigenetic regulation, with one region specifying sex and another specifying tissue. We find elevated brain expression of the B-copy with no sex or male morph differences. B-copy methylation follows that of the A-copy rather than corresponding to B-copy expression. In 30-day old fry, we see elevated B-copy expression in the head, but we do not see the expected elevated A-copy expression in the trunk that would reflect ovarian development. Interestingly, the A-copy epialleles that distinguish ovaries from testes are among the most explanatory patterns for variation among fry, suggesting epigenetic marking of sex prior to differentiation and thus laying the groundwork for mechanistic studies of epigenetic regulation of sex and morph differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M H Driscoll
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Peter L Hurd
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Suzy C P Renn
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA.
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Mahardini A, Rizky D, Byun JH, Yamauchi C, Takeuchi Y, Takemura A. Food availability alters expression profiles of genes in relation to reproduction and nutrition in the females of tropical damselfish (Chrysiptera cyanea). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:619-628. [PMID: 32851786 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of food availability on the transcript levels of genes related to reproduction and growth in the sapphire devil (Chrysiptera cyanea), a tropical damselfish. Nonbreeding fish were reared at high-food (HF) and low-food (LF) levels for 4 weeks under long-days. Vitellogenic oocytes could be observed in the ovaries of the HF group. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that lhβ and cyp19b in the brains, vtg and igf1 in the livers and cyp19a in the ovaries of HF fish were significantly higher than that of LF fish, suggesting that estradiol-17β (E2) synthesis in the ovary and brain is activated when suitable permissive factors are available to fish. Food limitation lowered hepatic igf1 and dio2, suggesting that the TH-IGF1 signaling system functions in the liver, and that food availability altered hepatic deiodination activities related to intercellular levels of thyroid hormones. Hepatic dio2 significantly decreased when fish were immersed for 3 days in E2-containing seawater; this suggests that E2 impedes the conversion of T4 to T3 in the liver. Our study shows that igf1 was upregulated in accordance with HF-induced vitellogenesis but downregulated by E2 treatment, suggesting that igf1 is bidirectional and altered by maturational status. Once vitellogenesis begins under a suitable range of proximal factors, fish need to maintain their nutritional status because food availability is a permissive factor for their reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angka Mahardini
- Marine and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Dinda Rizky
- Marine and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Jun-Hwan Byun
- Marine and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Takemura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
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Liang M, Yan S, Chen R, Hong X, Zha J. 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene) camphor induced reproduction toxicity and antiandrogenicity in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126224. [PMID: 32088463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess the toxic effects of 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) at environmentally relevant concentrations on the reproduction and development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), adult paired medaka (F0) were exposed to 5, 50, and 500 μg/L 4-MBC for 28 d in the current study. The fecundity and fertility were significantly decreased at 500 μg/L 4-MBC (p < 0.05). Histological observations showed that spermatogenesis in F0 males was significantly inhibited at 50 and 500 μg/L 4-MBC, similar to the effects obtained with all treatments of plasma 11-ketotestosterone (p < 0.05). Moreover, the plasma vitellogenin and estradiol levels in F0 females were significantly increased at 5 μg/L 4-MBC (p < 0.05). All the transcripts of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis-related genes tested in the brains and gonads of males were significantly increased at all treatments, similar to the effects obtained for erα, erβ and vtg in the livers and in contrast to those found for arα in the livers (p < 0.05). Equal numbers of embryos were exposed to tap water and 4-MBC solutions. Significantly increased times to hatching, decreased hatching rates and decreased body lengths at 14-day post-hatching (dph) were obtained at 500 μg/L 4-MBC treatment (p < 0.05). The cumulative death rates at 14 dph were significantly increased with all the treatments (p < 0.05). Therefore, our results showed that long-term exposure to 50 and 500 μg/L 4-MBC causes reproductive and developmental toxicity and thus provide new insight into antiandrogenicity and the mechanism of 4-MBC in Japanese medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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50
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Yan S, Liang M, Chen R, Hong X, Zha J. Reproductive toxicity and estrogen activity in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of octocrylene. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114104. [PMID: 32045793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of octocrylene (OC) in sunscreens has posed a great threat to aquatic organisms. In the present study, to assess its reproductive toxicity and mechanism, paired Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) (F0) were exposed to OC at nominal concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 μg/L for 28 d. Significant increases were observed in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) of F0 medaka at 500 μg/L OC (p < 0.05) without significant differences in fecundity. The fertility was significantly decreased at all treatments (p < 0.05). Significant increases in the percent of mature oocytes were observed at 5 and 500 μg/L OC, in which contrary to the percent of spermatozoa (p < 0.05). The plasma sex hormones and vitellogenin levels significantly increased in males at all treatments and in females at 50 and 500 μg/L OC (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of fshβ and lhβ in the brains and the levels of fshr, lhr and cyp17α in the gonads were significantly upregulated in males at all treatments (p < 0.05), in line with those of ar, erα, erβ and cyp19β in the brains of male and female. The upregulation of vtg in male and female livers was observed only at 500 μg/L OC and upregulation of star and hsd3β was observed in testis at all treatments (p < 0.05). Continued exposure to OC significantly induced increases in the time to hatching, morphological abnormality rates, and cumulative death rates of F1 embryos, inconsistent with body length of F1 larvae (p < 0.05). Therefore, the responses of the exposed fish at the biochemical and molecular levels indicated reproductive toxicity and estrogenic activity of OC, providing insights into the mechanism of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mengmeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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