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Liang B, Bai T, Zhao Y, Han J, He X, Pu Y, Wang C, Liu W, Ma Q, Tian K, Zheng W, Liu N, Liu J, Ma Y, Jiang L. Two mutations at KRT74 and EDAR synergistically drive the fine-wool production in Chinese sheep. J Adv Res 2024; 57:1-13. [PMID: 37137429 PMCID: PMC10918353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine-wool sheep are the most common breed used by the wool industry worldwide. Fine-wool sheep have over a three-fold higher follicle density and a 50% smaller fiber diameter than coarse-wool sheep. OBJECTIVES This study aims to clarify the underlying genetic basis for the denser and finer wool phenotype in fine-wool breeds. METHOD Whole-genome sequences of 140 samples, Ovine HD630K SNP array data of 385 samples, including fine, semi-fine, and coarse wool sheep, as well as skin transcriptomes of nine samples were integrated for genomic selection signature analysis. RESULTS Two loci at keratin 74 (KRT74) and ectodysplasin receptor (EDAR) were revealed. Fine-scale analysis in 250 fine/semi-fine and 198 coarse wool sheep narrowed this association to one C/A missense variant of KRT74 (OAR3:133,486,008, P = 1.02E-67) and one T/C SNP in the regulatory region upstream of EDAR (OAR3:61,927,840, P = 2.50E-43). Cellular over-expression and ovine skin section staining assays confirmed that C-KRT74 activated the KRT74 protein and specifically enlarged cell size at the Huxley's layer of the inner root sheath (P < 0.01). This structure enhancement shapes the growing hair shaft into the finer wool than the wild type. Luciferase assays validated that the C-to-T mutation upregulated EDAR mRNA expression via a newly created SOX2 binding site and potentially led to the formation of more hair placodes. CONCLUSIONS Two functional mutations driving finer and denser wool production were characterized and offered new targets for genetic breeding during wool sheep selection. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for future selection of fine wool sheep breeds but also contributes to improving the value of wool commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benmeng Liang
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Tianyou Bai
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yuhetian Zhao
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jiangang Han
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Xiaohong He
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yabin Pu
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Chunxin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Wujun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 75002, Ningxia, China
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, China
| | | | - Nan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuehui Ma
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Chen GD, Fatima I, Xu Q, Rozhkova E, Fessing MY, Mardaryev AN, Sharov AA, Xu GL, Botchkarev VA. DNA dioxygenases Tet2/3 regulate gene promoter accessibility and chromatin topology in lineage-specific loci to control epithelial differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabo7605. [PMID: 36630508 PMCID: PMC9833667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Execution of lineage-specific differentiation programs requires tight coordination between many regulators including Ten-eleven translocation (TET) family enzymes, catalyzing 5-methylcytosine oxidation in DNA. Here, by using Keratin 14-Cre-driven ablation of Tet genes in skin epithelial cells, we demonstrate that ablation of Tet2/Tet3 results in marked alterations of hair shape and length followed by hair loss. We show that, through DNA demethylation, Tet2/Tet3 control chromatin accessibility and Dlx3 binding and promoter activity of the Krt25 and Krt28 genes regulating hair shape, as well as regulate interactions between the Krt28 gene promoter and distal enhancer. Moreover, Tet2/Tet3 also control three-dimensional chromatin topology in Keratin type I/II gene loci via DNA methylation-independent mechanisms. These data demonstrate the essential roles for Tet2/3 in establishment of lineage-specific gene expression program and control of Dlx3/Krt25/Krt28 axis in hair follicle epithelial cells and implicate modulation of DNA methylation as a novel approach for hair growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iqra Fatima
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Elena Rozhkova
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Y. Fessing
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Andrei N. Mardaryev
- Centre for Skin Sciences, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Guo-Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Raza R, Chhabra G, Bilal M, Ndiaye MA, Liaqat K, Nawaz S, Sgro JY, Rayment I, Ahmad W, Ahmad N. A Homozygous Missense Variant in K25 Underlying Overlapping Phenotype with Woolly Hair and Dental Anomalies. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:173-176.e3. [PMID: 35926655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Raza
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mary A Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Khurram Liaqat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jean-Yves Sgro
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ivan Rayment
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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4
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Miura I, Kikkawa Y, Yasuda SP, Shinogi A, Usuda D, Kumar V, Takahashi JS, Tamura M, Masuya H, Wakana S. Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms for a forward genetics approach using genetic crosses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c substrains of mice. Exp Anim 2021; 71:240-251. [PMID: 34980769 PMCID: PMC9130033 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Forward genetics is a powerful approach based on chromosomal mapping of phenotypes and has successfully led to the discovery of many mouse mutations in genes responsible for various
phenotypes. Although crossing between genetically remote strains can produce F2 and backcross mice for chromosomal mapping, the phenotypes are often affected by background effects
from the partner strains in genetic crosses. Genetic crosses between substrains might be useful in genetic mapping to avoid genetic background effects. In this study, we investigated single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available for genetic mapping using substrains of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In C57BL/6 mice, 114 SNP markers were developed and assigned to locations on all
chromosomes for full utilization for genetic mapping using genetic crosses between the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N substrains. Moreover, genetic differences were identified in the 114 SNP markers
among the seven C57BL/6 substrains from five production breeders. In addition, 106 SNPs were detected on all chromosomes of BALB/cAJcl and BALB/cByJJcl substrains. These SNPs could be used
for genotyping in BALB/cJ, BALB/cAJcl, BALB/cAnNCrlCrlj, and BALB/cCrSlc mice, and they are particularly useful for genetic mapping using crosses between BALB/cByJJcl and other BALB/c
substrains. The SNPs characterized in this study can be utilized for genetic mapping to identify the causative mutations of the phenotypes induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis and
the SNPs responsible for phenotypic differences between the substrains of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Miura
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Cooperative Graduate School, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Medicine), Niigata University.,Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center.,Deafness Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
| | - Yoshiaki Kikkawa
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Cooperative Graduate School, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences (Medicine), Niigata University.,Deafness Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
| | - Shumpei P Yasuda
- Deafness Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science
| | - Akiko Shinogi
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center
| | - Daiki Usuda
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center.,Integrated Bioresource Information Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center
| | | | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center
| | - Hiroshi Masuya
- Integrated Bioresource Information Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center.,Department of Animal Experimentation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Creative Lab for Innovation in Kobe
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5
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Tracing selection signatures in the pig genome gives evidence for selective pressures on a unique curly hair phenotype in Mangalitza. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22142. [PMID: 33335158 PMCID: PMC7747725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for desirable traits and breed-specific phenotypes has left distinctive footprints in the genome of pigs. As representative of a breed with strong selective traces aiming for robustness, health and performance, the Mangalitza pig, a native curly-haired pig breed from Hungary, was investigated in this study. Whole genome sequencing and SNP chip genotyping was performed to detect runs of homozygosity (ROH) in Mangalitza and Mangalitza-crossbreeds. We identified breed specific ROH regions harboring genes associated with the development of the curly hair type and further characteristics of this breed. Further analysis of two matings of Mangalitza with straight-coated pig breeds confirmed an autosomal dominant inheritance of curly hair. Subsequent scanning of the genome for variant effects on this trait revealed two variants potentially affecting hair follicle development and differentiation. Validation in a large sample set as well as in imputed SNP data confirmed these variants to be Mangalitza-specific. Herein, we demonstrated how strong artificial selection has shaped the genome in Mangalitza pigs and left traces in the form of selection signatures. This knowledge on genomic variation promoting unique phenotypes like curly hair provides an important resource for futures studies unraveling genetic effects for special characteristics in livestock.
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6
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Salmela E, Niskanen J, Arumilli M, Donner J, Lohi H, Hytönen MK. A novel KRT71 variant in curly-coated dogs. Anim Genet 2018; 50:101-104. [PMID: 30456859 DOI: 10.1111/age.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Curly fur is a common phenotype in many dog breeds, known to result from a missense variant (c.451C>T) in exon 2 of the keratin 71 (KRT71) gene. During screening for this variant across various breeds, we found that Curly Coated Retrievers (CCRs) fixed with the trait did not carry the known variant. By analysis of whole-genome sequencing data of one CCR we identified a novel genetic cause for curly fur. We found a novel structural variant in exon 7 of the KRT71 gene (c.1266_1273delinsACA) that was predicted to result in a frameshift and stop loss, therefore significantly affecting the structure of the protein, if translated. The variant was also found at lower frequencies in five other breeds, including Lagotto Romagnolo, Bichon Frise, Spanish Water Dog, Chesapeake Bay Retriever and Irish Terrier. One curly-coated Lagotto carried neither of the two KRT71 variants. These results identify a second variant for curly coat in KRT71 and suggest the existence of additional alleles. This study enables the development of an additional KRT71 gene test for breeders to understand and manage coat types.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salmela
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Niskanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Arumilli
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Donner
- Genoscoper Laboratories Oy, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M K Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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An epistatic effect of KRT25 on SP6 is involved in curly coat in horses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6374. [PMID: 29686323 PMCID: PMC5913262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Curly coat represents an extraordinary type of coat in horses, particularly seen in American Bashkir Curly Horses and Missouri Foxtrotters. In some horses with curly coat, a hypotrichosis of variable extent was observed, making the phenotype appear more complex. In our study, we aimed at investigating the genetic background of curly coat with and without hypotrichosis using high density bead chip genotype and next generation sequencing data. Genome-wide association analysis detected significant signals (p = 1.412 × 10−05–1.102 × 10−08) on horse chromosome 11 at 22–35 Mb. In this significantly associated region, six missense variants were filtered out from whole-genome sequencing data of three curly coated horses of which two variants within KRT25 and SP6 could explain all hair phenotypes. Horses heterozygous or homozygous only for KRT25 variant showed curly coat and hypotrichosis, whereas horses with SP6 variant only, exhibited curly coat without hypotrichosis. Horses with mutant alleles in both variants developed curly hair and hypotrichosis. Thus, mutant KRT25 allele is masking SP6 allele effect, indicative for epistasis of KRT25 variant over SP6 variant. In summary, genetic variants in two different genes, KRT25 and SP6, are responsible for curly hair. All horses with KRT25 variant are additionally hypotrichotic due to the KRT25 epistatic effect on SP6.
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8
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Morgenthaler C, Diribarne M, Capitan A, Legendre R, Saintilan R, Gilles M, Esquerré D, Juras R, Khanshour A, Schibler L, Cothran G. A missense variant in the coil1A domain of the keratin 25 gene is associated with the dominant curly hair coat trait (Crd) in horse. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:85. [PMID: 29141579 PMCID: PMC5686958 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curly horses present a variety of curl phenotypes that are associated with various degrees of curliness of coat, mane, tail and ear hairs. Their origin is still a matter of debate and several genetic hypotheses have been formulated to explain the diversity in phenotype, including the combination of autosomal dominant and recessive alleles. Our purpose was to map the autosomal dominant curly hair locus and identify the causal variant using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole-genome sequencing approaches. Results A GWAS was performed using a Bayesian sparse linear mixed model, based on 51 curly and 19 straight-haired French and North American horses from 13 paternal families genotyped on the Illumina EquineSNP50 BeadChip. A single strong signal was observed on equine chromosome 11, in a region that encompasses the type I keratin gene cluster. This region was refined by haplotype analysis to a segment including 36 genes, among which are 10 keratin genes (KRT-10, -12, -20, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -222). To comprehensively identify candidate causal variants within all these genes, whole-genome sequences were obtained for one heterozygous curly stallion and its straight-haired son. Among the four non-synonymous candidate variants identified and validated in the curly region, only variant g.21891160G>A in the KRT25 gene (KRT25:p.R89H) was in perfect agreement with haplotype status in the whole pedigree. Genetic association was then confirmed by genotyping a larger population consisting of 353 horses. However, five discordant curly horses were observed, which carried neither the variant nor the main haplotype associated with curliness. Sequencing of KRT25 for two discordant horses did not identify any other deleterious variant, which suggests locus rather than allelic heterogeneity for the curly phenotype. Conclusions We identified the KRT25:p.R89H variant as responsible for the dominant curly trait, but a second dominant locus may also be involved in the shape of hairs within North American Curly horses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-017-0359-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morgenthaler
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mathieu Diribarne
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Département R&D, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Aurélien Capitan
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Département R&D, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Romain Saintilan
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Département R&D, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Maïlys Gilles
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Diane Esquerré
- UMR444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Rytis Juras
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anas Khanshour
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laurent Schibler
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Département R&D, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris Cedex 12, France.
| | - Gus Cothran
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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9
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A Missense Mutation within the Helix Termination Motif of KRT25 Causes Autosomal Dominant Woolly Hair/Hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:230-233. [PMID: 28899683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Ehrmann C, Schneider MR. Genetically modified laboratory mice with sebaceous glands abnormalities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4623-4642. [PMID: 27457558 PMCID: PMC11108334 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SG) are exocrine glands that release their product by holocrine secretion, meaning that the whole cell becomes a secretion following disruption of the membrane. SG may be found in association with a hair follicle, forming the pilosebaceous unit, or as modified SG at different body sites such as the eyelids (Meibomian glands) or the preputial glands. Depending on their location, SG fulfill a number of functions, including protection of the skin and fur, thermoregulation, formation of the tear lipid film, and pheromone-based communication. Accordingly, SG abnormalities are associated with several diseases such as acne, cicatricial alopecia, and dry eye disease. An increasing number of genetically modified laboratory mouse lines develop SG abnormalities, and their study may provide important clues regarding the molecular pathways regulating SG development, physiology, and pathology. Here, we summarize in tabulated form the available mouse lines with SG abnormalities and, focusing on selected examples, discuss the insights they provide into SG biology and pathology. We hope this survey will become a helpful information source for researchers with a primary interest in SG but also as for researchers from unrelated fields that are unexpectedly confronted with a SG phenotype in newly generated mouse lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ehrmann
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Zhao J, Liu N, Liu K, He J, Yu J, Bu R, Cheng M, De W, Liu J, Li H. Identification of genes and proteins associated with anagen wool growth. Anim Genet 2016; 48:67-79. [PMID: 27611105 DOI: 10.1111/age.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genes of major effect for wool growth would offer strategies for improving the quality and increasing the yield of fine wool. In this study, we employed the Agilent Sheep Gene Expression Microarray and proteomic technology to investigate the gene expression patterns of body side skin (more wool growing) in Aohan fine wool sheep (a Chinese indigenous breed) in comparison with groin skin (no wool growing) at the anagen stage of the wool follicle. A microarray study revealed that 4772 probes were differentially expressed, including 2071 upregulated and 2701 downregulated probes, in the comparisons of body side skin vs. groin skin (S/G). The microarray results were verified by means of quantitative PCR. A total of 1099 probes were assigned to unique genes/transcripts. The number of distinct genes/transcripts (annotated) was 926, of which 352 were upregulated and 574 were downregulated. In S/G, 13 genes were upregulated by more than 10 fold, whereas 60 genes were downregulated by more than 10 fold. Further analysis revealed that the majority of the genes possibly related to the wool growth could be assigned to categories including regulation of cell division, intermediate filament, cytoskeletal part and growth factor activity. Several potential gene families may participate in hair growth regulation, including fibroblast growth factors, transforming growth factor-β, WNTs, insulin-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factors and so on. Proteomic analysis also revealed 196 differentially expressed protein points, of which 121 were identified as single protein points.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China.,China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - N Liu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - K Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - J He
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - J Yu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - R Bu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - M Cheng
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - W De
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - J Liu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - H Li
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.,Qingdao Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Zhao J, Li H, Liu K, Zhang B, Li P, He J, Cheng M, De W, Liu J, Zhao Y, Yang L, Liu N. Identification of differentially expressed genes affecting hair and cashmere growth in the Laiwu black goat by microarray. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3823-31. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zernov NV, Skoblov MY, Marakhonov AV, Shimomura Y, Vasilyeva TA, Konovalov FA, Abrukova AV, Zinchenko RA. Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis with Woolly Hair Caused by a Mutation in the Keratin 25 Gene Expressed in Hair Follicles. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1097-1105. [PMID: 26902920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypotrichosis is an abnormal condition characterized by decreased hair density and various defects in hair structure and growth patterns. In particular, in woolly hair, hypotrichosis is characterized by a tightly curled structure and abnormal growth. In this study, we present a detailed comparative examination of individuals affected by autosomal-recessive hypotrichosis (ARH), which distinguishes two types of ARH. Earlier, we demonstrated that exon 4 deletion in the lipase H gene caused an ARH (hypotrichosis 7; MIM: 604379) in populations of the Volga-Ural region of Russia. Screening for this mutation in all affected individuals revealed its presence only in the group with the hypotrichosis 7 phenotype. Other patients formed a separate group of woolly hair-associated ARH, with a homozygous missense mutation c.712G>T (p.Val238Leu) in a highly conserved position of type I keratin KRT25 (K25). Haplotype analysis indicated a founder effect. An expression study in the HaCaT cell line demonstrated a deleterious effect of the p.Val238Leu mutation on the formation of keratin intermediate filaments. Hence, we have identified a previously unreported missense mutation in the KRT25 gene causing ARH with woolly hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Zernov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Y Skoblov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey V Marakhonov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Regenerative and Genetic Medical Center of the Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatyana A Vasilyeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor A Konovalov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Regenerative and Genetic Medical Center of the Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Abrukova
- Ministry of Health and Social Development of Chuvash Republic, Presidential Perinatal Center, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - Rena A Zinchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
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Ansar M, Raza SI, Lee K, Irfanullah, Shahi S, Acharya A, Dai H, Smith JD, Shendure J, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Santos-Cortez RLP, Ahmad W, Leal SM. A homozygous missense variant in type I keratin KRT25 causes autosomal recessive woolly hair. J Med Genet 2015; 52:676-80. [PMID: 26160856 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Woolly hair (WH) is a hair abnormality that is primarily characterised by tightly curled hair with abnormal growth. METHODS In two unrelated consanguineous Pakistani families with non-syndromic autosomal recessive (AR) WH, homozygosity mapping and linkage analysis identified a locus within 17q21.1-q22, which contains the type I keratin gene cluster. A DNA sample from an affected individual from each family underwent exome sequencing. RESULTS A homozygous missense variant c.950T>C (p.(Leu317Pro)) within KRT25 segregated with ARWH in both families, and has a combined maximum two-point LOD score of 7.9 at ϴ=0. The KRT25 variant is predicted to result in disruption of the second α-helical rod domain and the entire protein structure, thus possibly interfering with heterodimerisation of K25 with type II keratins within the inner root sheath (IRS) of the hair follicle and the medulla of the hair shaft. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate a novel gene involved in human hair abnormality, and are consistent with the curled, fragile hair found in mice with Krt25 mutations, and further support the role of IRS-specific type I keratins in hair follicle development and maintenance of hair texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Shahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hang Dai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Yoshida H, Taguchi H, Hachiya A, Kitahara T, Boissy RE, Visscher MO. The natural trait of the curvature of human hair is correlated with bending of the hair follicle and hair bulb by a structural disparity in the root sheath. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Daetwyler HD, Capitan A, Pausch H, Stothard P, van Binsbergen R, Brøndum RF, Liao X, Djari A, Rodriguez SC, Grohs C, Esquerré D, Bouchez O, Rossignol MN, Klopp C, Rocha D, Fritz S, Eggen A, Bowman PJ, Coote D, Chamberlain AJ, Anderson C, VanTassell CP, Hulsegge I, Goddard ME, Guldbrandtsen B, Lund MS, Veerkamp RF, Boichard DA, Fries R, Hayes BJ. Whole-genome sequencing of 234 bulls facilitates mapping of monogenic and complex traits in cattle. Nat Genet 2014; 46:858-65. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Deng H, Li F, Li H, Deng Y, Liu J, Wang D, Han G, Wang XJ, Zhang Q. CtBP1 overexpression in keratinocytes perturbs skin homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:1323-1331. [PMID: 24280726 PMCID: PMC4537778 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carboxyl-terminal binding protein-1 (CtBP1) is a transcriptional co-repressor with multiple in vitro targets, but its in vivo functions are largely unknown. We generated keratinocyte-specific CtBP1 transgenic mice with a keratin 5 promoter (K5.CtBP1) to probe the pathological roles of CtBP1. At transgene expression levels comparable with endogenous CtBP1 in acute skin wounds, K5.CtBP1 epidermis displayed hyperproliferation, loss of E-cadherin, and failed terminal differentiation. Known CtBP1 target genes associated with these processes, e.g., p21, Brca1, and E-cadherin were down-regulated in K5.CtBP1 skin. Surprisingly, K5.CtBP1 pups also exhibited a hair loss phenotype. We found that expression of the Distal-less 3 (Dlx3), a critical regulator of hair follicle differentiation and cycling, was decreased in K5.CtBP1 mice. Molecular studies revealed that CtBP1 directly suppressed Dlx3 transcription. Consistently, K5.CtBP1 mice displayed abnormal hair follicles with decreased expression of Dlx3 downstream targets Gata3, Hoxc13, and hair keratins. In sum, this first CtBP1 transgenic model provides in vivo evidence for certain CtBP1 functions predicted from in vitro studies, reveals to our knowledge previously unreported functions and transcriptional activities of CtBP1 in the context of epithelial-mesenchymal interplay, and suggest CtBP1 has a pathogenesis role in hair follicle morphogenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fulun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Donna Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Gangwen Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Functional conservation of Gsdma cluster genes specifically duplicated in the mouse genome. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:1843-50. [PMID: 23979942 PMCID: PMC3789809 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.007393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mouse Gasdermin A3 (Gsdma3) is the causative gene for dominant skin mutations exhibiting alopecia. Mouse has two other Gsdma3-related genes, Gsdma and Gsdma2, whereas human and rat have only one related gene. To date, no skin mutation has been reported for human GSDMA and rat Gsdma as well as mouse Gsdma and Gsdma2. Therefore, it is possible that only Gsdma3 has gain-of-function type mutations to cause dominant skin phenotype. To elucidate functional divergence among the Gsdma-related genes in mice, and to infer the function of the human and rat orthologs, we examined in vivo function of mouse Gsdma by generating Gsdma knockout mice and transgenic mice that overexpress wild-type Gsdma or Gsdma harboring a point mutation (Alanine339Threonine). The Gsdma knockout mice shows no visible phenotype, indicating that Gsdma is not essential for differentiation of epidermal cells and maintenance of the hair cycle, and that Gsdma is expressed specifically both in the inner root sheath of hair follicles and in suprabasal cell layers, whereas Gsdma3 is expressed only in suprabasal layers. By contrast, both types of the transgenic mice exhibited epidermal hyperplasia resembling the Gsdma3 mutations, although the phenotype depended on the genetic background. These results indicate that the mouse Gsdma and Gsdma3 genes share common function to regulate epithelial maintenance and/or homeostasis, and suggest that the function of human GSDMA and rat Gsdma, which are orthologs of mouse Gsdma, is conserved as well.
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Wang J, Wang G, Zhang J. Mutations with Hair Shape Phenotypes Abnormalities—The Morphogenetic Waves and Related Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jcdsa.2013.33a1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gandolfi B, Alhaddad H, Joslin SEK, Khan R, Filler S, Brem G, Lyons LA. A splice variant in KRT71 is associated with curly coat phenotype of Selkirk Rex cats. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2000. [PMID: 23770706 PMCID: PMC3683669 DOI: 10.1038/srep02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the salient features of the domestic cat is the aesthetics of its fur. The Selkirk Rex breed is defined by an autosomal dominant woolly rexoid hair (ADWH) abnormality that is characterized by tightly curled hair shafts. A genome-wide case - control association study was conducted using 9 curly coated Selkirk Rex and 29 controls, including straight-coated Selkirk Rex, British Shorthair and Persian, to localize the Selkirk autosomal dominant rexoid locus (SADRE). Although the control cats were from different breed lineages, they share recent breeding histories and were validated as controls by Bayesian clustering, multi-dimensional scaling and genomic inflation. A significant association was found on cat chromosome B4 (Praw = 2.87 × 10(-11)), and a unique haplotype spanning ~600 Kb was found in all the curly coated cats. Direct sequencing of four candidate genes revealed a splice site variant within the KRT71 gene associated with the hair abnormality in Selkirk Rex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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A Missense Mutation within the Helix Initiation Motif of the Keratin K71 Gene Underlies Autosomal Dominant Woolly Hair/Hypotrichosis. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2342-2349. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kim BK, Lee HY, Choi JH, Kim JK, Yoon JB, Yoon SK. Hairless plays a role in formation of inner root sheath via regulation of Dlx3 gene. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16681-8. [PMID: 22442153 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.320770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hairless (Hr), a transcription factor, is expressed in the suprabasal cell layer of the interfollicular epidermis and the lower portion of the hair follicle epithelium, where its expression is dependent on the hair cycle. Recently, we reported a new Hr mutant mouse, Hr(Hp), in which the hairless protein (HR) was overexpressed. In this study, we documented abnormal formation of inner root sheath (IRS), suppressed expression of Dlx3, and IRS keratins in the Hr(Hp)/Hr(Hp) skin. We also found that HR down-regulated Dlx3 mRNA expression through suppression of Dlx3 promoter activity. In addition, we showed that Dlx3 regulated the expression of IRS keratins. Our results demonstrate that regulation of Dlx3 by HR affects the IRS keratin expression, thus modulating the formation of IRS of hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
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Kim JK, Kim BK, Park JK, Choi JH, KimYoon SJ. The Hairless Gene: A Putative Navigator of Hair Follicle Development. Genomics Inform 2011. [DOI: 10.5808/gi.2011.9.3.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Inoue A, Arima N, Ishiguro J, Prestwich GD, Arai H, Aoki J. LPA-producing enzyme PA-PLA₁α regulates hair follicle development by modulating EGFR signalling. EMBO J 2011; 30:4248-60. [PMID: 21857648 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genetic studies of human hair disorders have suggested a critical role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signalling in hair follicle development, mediated by an LPA-producing enzyme, phosphatidic acid-selective phospholipase A(1)α (PA-PLA(1)α, also known as LIPH), and a recently identified LPA receptor, P2Y5 (also known as LPA(6)). However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling underlies LPA-induced hair follicle development. PA-PLA(1)α-deficient mice generated in this study exhibited wavy hairs due to the aberrant formation of the inner root sheath (IRS) in hair follicles, which resembled mutant mice defective in tumour necrosis factor α converting enzyme (TACE), transforming growth factor α (TGFα) and EGFR. PA-PLA(1)α was co-localized with TACE, TGFα and tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR in the IRS. In PA-PLA(1)α-deficient hair follicles, cleaved TGFα and tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR, as well as LPA, were significantly reduced. LPA, P2Y5 agonists and recombinant PA-PLA(1)α enzyme induced P2Y5- and TACE-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGFα through G12/13 pathway and consequent EGFR transactivation in vitro. These data demonstrate that a PA-PLA(1)α-LPA-P2Y5 axis regulates differentiation and maturation of hair follicles via a TACE-TGFα-EGFR pathway, thus underscoring the physiological importance of LPA-induced EGFR transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. or
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Kuramoto T, Hirano R, Kuwamura M, Serikawa T. Identification of the rat Rex mutation as a 7-bp deletion at splicing acceptor site of the Krt71 gene. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:909-12. [PMID: 20179389 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat autosomal dominant Rex (Re) mutation on chromosome 7 causes curly hair in Re/+ and hair loss in Re/Re rats. Histopathologically, the Re/+ rat showed dilatation of the hair follicle and hairs with irregularly-coated cuticles, and the Re/Re rat showed more severe effects. We identified Re as a 7-bp deletion at the splicing acceptor site of intron 1 of the keratin 71 (Krt71) gene, which is located within the Re critical chromosomal region and plays an important role in hair formation. The deletion provoked a 6-amino acid in-frame deletion (p.Val149_Gln154del) in the alpha-helical rod domain of KRT71 protein. Identification of the Re mutation (Krt71(Re)) enables us to further understand the biological function of KRT71.
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