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Hegner P, Ofner F, Schaner B, Gugg M, Trum M, Lauerer AM, Maier LS, Arzt M, Lebek S, Wagner S. CaMKIIδ-dependent dysregulation of atrial Na + homeostasis promotes pro-arrhythmic activity in an obstructive sleep apnea mouse model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1411822. [PMID: 38966545 PMCID: PMC11222670 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1411822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to various pathologies, including arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. Specific treatment options for OSA are mainly limited to symptomatic approaches. We previously showed that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulates late sodium current through the voltage-dependent Na+ channels via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ), thereby increasing the propensity for arrhythmias. However, the impact on atrial intracellular Na+ homeostasis has never been demonstrated. Moreover, the patients often exhibit a broad range of comorbidities, making it difficult to ascertain the effects of OSA alone. Objective We analyzed the effects of OSA on ROS production, cytosolic Na+ level, and rate of spontaneous arrhythmia in atrial cardiomyocytes isolated from an OSA mouse model free from comorbidities. Methods OSA was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type and CaMKIIδ-knockout mice by polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) injection into the tongue. After 8 weeks, their atrial cardiomyocytes were analyzed for cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production via laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Quantifications of the cytosolic Na+ concentration and arrhythmia were performed by epifluorescence microscopy. Results PTFE treatment resulted in increased cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS production. Importantly, the cytosolic Na+ concentration was dramatically increased at various stimulation frequencies in the PTFE-treated mice, while the CaMKIIδ-knockout mice were protected. Accordingly, the rate of spontaneous Ca2+ release events increased in the wild-type PTFE mice while being impeded in the CaMKIIδ-knockout mice. Conclusion Atrial Na+ concentration and propensity for spontaneous Ca2+ release events were higher in an OSA mouse model in a CaMKIIδ-dependent manner, which could have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hegner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Ofner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schaner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gugg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Trum
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Lauerer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars Siegfried Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Arzt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lebek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Fender H, Walter K, Kiper AK, Plačkić J, Kisko TM, Braun MD, Schwarting RKW, Rohrbach S, Wöhr M, Decher N, Kockskämper J. Calcium Handling Remodeling Underlies Impaired Sympathetic Stress Response in Ventricular Myocardium from Cacna1c Haploinsufficient Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9795. [PMID: 37372947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CACNA1C encodes the pore-forming α1C subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel, Cav1.2. Mutations and polymorphisms of the gene are associated with neuropsychiatric and cardiac disease. Haploinsufficient Cacna1c+/- rats represent a recently developed model with a behavioral phenotype, but its cardiac phenotype is unknown. Here, we unraveled the cardiac phenotype of Cacna1c+/- rats with a main focus on cellular Ca2+ handling mechanisms. Under basal conditions, isolated ventricular Cacna1c+/- myocytes exhibited unaltered L-type Ca2+ current, Ca2+ transients (CaTs), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load, fractional release, and sarcomere shortenings. However, immunoblotting of left ventricular (LV) tissue revealed reduced expression of Cav1.2, increased expression of SERCA2a and NCX, and augmented phosphorylation of RyR2 (at S2808) in Cacna1c+/- rats. The β-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline increased amplitude and accelerated decay of CaTs and sarcomere shortenings in both Cacna1c+/- and WT myocytes. However, the isoprenaline effect on CaT amplitude and fractional shortening (but not CaT decay) was impaired in Cacna1c+/- myocytes exhibiting both reduced potency and efficacy. Moreover, sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx and fractional SR Ca2+ release after treatment with isoprenaline were smaller in Cacna1c+/- than in WT myocytes. In Langendorff-perfused hearts, the isoprenaline-induced increase in RyR2 phosphorylation at S2808 and S2814 was attenuated in Cacna1c+/- compared to WT hearts. Despite unaltered CaTs and sarcomere shortenings, Cacna1c+/- myocytes display remodeling of Ca2+ handling proteins under basal conditions. Mimicking sympathetic stress with isoprenaline unmasks an impaired ability to stimulate Ca2+ influx, SR Ca2+ release, and CaTs caused, in part, by reduced phosphorylation reserve of RyR2 in Cacna1c+/- cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Fender
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kim Walter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aytug K Kiper
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Plačkić
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Theresa M Kisko
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Moria D Braun
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, University of Gießen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Kockskämper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemical and Pharmacological Center (BPC) Marburg, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Hegner P, Lebek S, Schaner B, Ofner F, Gugg M, Maier LS, Arzt M, Wagner S. CaMKII-Dependent Contractile Dysfunction and Pro-Arrhythmic Activity in a Mouse Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020315. [PMID: 36829874 PMCID: PMC9952298 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias frequently occur in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The CaMKII-dependent dysregulation of cellular Ca homeostasis has recently been described in SDB patients, but these studies only partly explain the mechanism and are limited by the patients' heterogeneity. Here, we analyzed contractile function and Ca homeostasis in a mouse model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that is not limited by confounding comorbidities. OSA was induced by artificial tongue enlargement with polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) injection into the tongue of wildtype mice and mice with a genetic ablation of the oxidative activation sites of CaMKII (MMVV knock-in). After eight weeks, cardiac function was assessed with echocardiography. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca transients were measured using confocal and epifluorescence microscopy, respectively. Wildtype PTFE mice exhibited an impaired ejection fraction, while MMVV PTFE mice were fully protected. As expected, isolated cardiomyocytes from PTFE mice showed increased ROS production. We further observed decreased levels of steady-state Ca transients, decreased levels of caffeine-induced Ca transients, and increased pro-arrhythmic activity (defined as deviations from the diastolic Ca baseline) only in wildtype but not in MMVV PTFE mice. In summary, in the absence of any comorbidities, OSA was associated with contractile dysfunction and pro-arrhythmic activity and the inhibition of the oxidative activation of CaMKII conveyed cardioprotection, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hegner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lebek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Benedikt Schaner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Ofner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gugg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars Siegfried Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Arzt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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4
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Lebek S, Wester M, Pec J, Poschenrieder F, Tafelmeier M, Fisser C, Provaznik Z, Schopka S, Debl K, Schmid C, Buchner S, Maier LS, Arzt M, Wagner S. Abnormal P-wave terminal force in lead V 1 is a marker for atrial electrical dysfunction but not structural remodelling. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:4055-4066. [PMID: 34196135 PMCID: PMC8497361 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims There is a lack of diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with atrial cardiomyopathy and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Interestingly, an abnormal P‐wave terminal force in electrocardiogram lead V1 (PTFV1) has been associated with atrial cardiomyopathy, but this association is poorly understood. We investigated PTFV1 as a marker for functional, electrical, and structural atrial remodelling. Methods and results Fifty‐six patients with acute myocardial infarction and 13 kidney donors as control cohort prospectively underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the association between PTFV1 and functional remodelling (atrial strain). To further investigate underlying pathomechanisms, right atrial appendage biopsies were collected from 32 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. PTFV1 was assessed as the product of negative P‐wave amplitude and duration in lead V1 and defined as abnormal if ≥4000 ms*μV. Activity of cardiac Ca/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was determined by a specific HDAC4 pull‐down assay as a surrogate for electrical remodelling. Atrial fibrosis was quantified using Masson's trichrome staining as a measure for structural remodelling. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to account for potential confounders. A total of 16/56 (29%) of patients with acute myocardial infarction, 3/13 (23%) of kidney donors, and 15/32 (47%) of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting showed an abnormal PTFV1. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, left atrial (LA) strain was significantly reduced in the subgroup with an abnormal PTFV1 (LA reservoir strain: 32.28 ± 12.86% vs. 22.75 ± 13.94%, P = 0.018; LA conduit strain: 18.87 ± 10.34% vs. 10.17 ± 8.26%, P = 0.004). Abnormal PTFV1 showed a negative correlation with LA conduit strain independent from clinical covariates (coefficient B: −7.336, 95% confidence interval −13.577 to −1.095, P = 0.022). CaMKII activity was significantly increased from (normalized to CaMKII expression) 0.87 ± 0.17 to 1.46 ± 0.15 in patients with an abnormal PTFV1 (P = 0.047). This increase in patients with an abnormal PTFV1 was independent from clinical covariates (coefficient B: 0.542, 95% confidence interval 0.057 to 1.027, P = 0.031). Atrial fibrosis was significantly lower with 12.32 ± 1.63% in patients with an abnormal PTFV1 (vs. 20.50 ± 2.09%, P = 0.006), suggesting PTFV1 to be a marker for electrical but not structural remodelling. Conclusions Abnormal PTFV1 is an independent predictor for impaired atrial function and for electrical but not for structural remodelling. PTFV1 may be a promising tool to evaluate patients for atrial cardiomyopathy and for risk of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lebek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Michael Wester
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Jan Pec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | | | - Maria Tafelmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Christoph Fisser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Zdenek Provaznik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schopka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Debl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Christof Schmid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Buchner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cham Hospital, Cham, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Michael Arzt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
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5
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Zhai X, Qiao X, Zhang L, Wang D, Zhang L, Feng Q, Wu B, Cao J, Liu Q. I K1 channel agonist zacopride suppresses ventricular arrhythmias in conscious rats with healing myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2019; 239:117075. [PMID: 31751587 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Arrhythmogenesis of chronic myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with the prolongation of action potential, reduction of inward rectifier potassium (IK1, Kir) channels and hyper-activity of Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in cardiomyocytes. Zacopride, a selective IK1 agonist, was applied to clarify the cardioprotection of IK1 agonism via a CaMKII signaling on arrhythmias post-MI. METHODS Male SD rats were implanted wireless transmitter in the abdominal cavity and subjected to left main coronary artery ligation or sham operation. The telemetric ECGs were monitored per day throughout 4 weeks. At the endpoint, isoproterenol (1.28 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered for provocation test. The expressions of Kir2.1 (dominant subunit of IK1 in ventricle) and CaMKII were detected by Western-blotting. KEY FINDINGS In the telemetric rats post-MI, zacopride significantly reduced the episodes of atrioventricular conduction block (AVB), premature ventricular contraction (PVC), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), without significant effect on superventricular premature contraction (SPVC). In provocation test, zacopride suppressed the onset of ventricular arrhythmias in conscious PMI or sham rats. The expression of Kir2.1 was significantly downregulated and p-CaMKII was upregulated post-MI, whereas both were restored by zacopride treatment. SIGNIFICANCE IK1/Kir2.1 might be an attractive target for pharmacological controlling of lethal arrhythmias post MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Zhai
- Clinical Skills Teaching Simulation Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qilong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Bowei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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6
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Genetic deletion of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta does not mitigate adverse myocardial remodeling in volume-overloaded hearts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9889. [PMID: 31285482 PMCID: PMC6614357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta (CaMKIIδ), the predominant CaMKII isoform expressed in the heart, has been implicated in the progression of myocardial infarction- and pressure overload-induced pathological remodeling. However, the role of CaMKIIδ in volume overload (VO) has not been explored. We have previously reported an activation of CaMKII during transition to HF in long-term VO. Here, we address whether CaMKIIδ is critically involved in the mortality, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure (HF) progression in response to VO. CaMKIIδ knockout (δ-KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to aortocaval shunt-induced VO, and the progression of adverse myocardial remodeling was assessed by serial echocardiography, histological and molecular analyses. The mortality rates during 10 weeks of VO were similar in δ-KO and WT mice. Both genotypes displayed comparable eccentric myocardial hypertrophy, altered left ventricle geometry, perturbed systolic and diastolic functions after shunt. Additionally, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, augmented myocyte apoptosis, and up-regulation of hypertrophic genes were also not significantly different in δ-KO versus WT hearts after shunt. Therefore, CaMKIIδ signaling seems to be dispensable for the progression of VO-induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Accordingly, we hypothesize that CaMKIIδ-inhibition as a therapeutic approach might not be helpful in the context of VO-triggered HF.
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Mustroph J, Lebek S, Maier LS, Neef S. Mechanisms of cardiac ethanol toxicity and novel treatment options. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 197:1-10. [PMID: 30557629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol can acutely and chronically alter cardiomyocyte and whole-organ function in the heart. Importantly, ethanol acutely and chronically predisposes to arrhythmias, while chronic abuse can induce heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of ethanol toxicity in the heart are incompletely understood. In this review, we summarize the current mechanistic knowledge on cardiac ethanol toxicity, with a focus on druggable pathways. Ethanol effects on excitation-contraction coupling, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac metabolism, as well as effects of ethanol metabolites will be discussed. Important recent findings have been gained by investigation of acute ethanol effects. These include a renewed focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of SR Ca2+ leak by CaMKII-mediated pathways downstream of ROS. Furthermore, a clinical outlook into potential novel treatment options is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Mustroph
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lebek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany.
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8
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Luo Q, Wang X, Liu R, Qiao H, Wang P, Jiang C, Zhang Q, Cao Y, Yu H, Qu L. alpha1A-adrenoceptor is involved in norepinephrine-induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via CaMKII signaling. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9345-9355. [PMID: 30520144 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Some studies have demonstrated the sympathetic nervous system is activated in PAH and norepinephrine (NE) released is closely linked with its activation. However, the subtypes of adrenoreceptor (AR) and the downstream molecular cascades which are involved in the proliferation of PASMCs are still unclear. In this study, adult male Wistar rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia and PASMCs were cultured in hypoxic condition. Significant upregulation of α1A -AR was identified by Western blot analysis or immunofluorescence in all of the pulmonary arteries, lung tissues, and cell hypoxic models. Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence were applied to detect the roles of α1A -AR in NE mediated proliferation of PASMCs. We revealed 5-methylurapidil (5-MU) reversed NE-induced upregulation of PCNA, CyclinA and CyclinE, more cells from G0 /G1 phase to G2 /M+S phase, enhancement of the microtubule formation. In addition, we found calcium/calmodulin(CaM)-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII) pathway was involved in α1A -AR-mediated cell proliferation. [Ca2+ ]i measurements showed that an increase of [Ca2+ ]i caused by NE or/and hypoxia could be blocked by 5-MU in PASMCs. Western blot analysis results demonstrated the augmentation of CaMKII phosphorylation level was caused by hypoxia or NE in pulmonary arteries, lung tissues, and PASMCs. KN62 attenuated NE-induced proliferation of PASMCs under normoxia and hypoxia. In conclusion, those results suggested NE which stimulated α1A -AR-mediated the proliferation of PASMCs, which may be via the CaMKII pathway, and it could be used as a novel treatment strategy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Ruxia Liu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Lihui Qu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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9
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Si D, Azam MA, Lai PFH, Zamiri N, Kichigina G, Asta J, Massé S, Bokhari M, Porta‐Sánchez A, Labos C, Sun H, Yang P, Nanthakumar K. Essential role of ryanodine receptor 2 phosphorylation in the effect of azumolene on ventricular arrhythmia vulnerability in a rabbit heart model. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018; 29:1707-1715. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Si
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun China
| | - Mohammed Ali Azam
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Patrick F. H. Lai
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nima Zamiri
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Galina Kichigina
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
| | - John Asta
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Stéphane Massé
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mahmoud M. Bokhari
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
| | - Andreu Porta‐Sánchez
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Huan Sun
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital, Jilin UniversityChangchun China
| | - Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management LaboratoryDivision of Cardiology, Toronto General HospitalToronto Ontario Canada
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10
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Johnson DM, Antoons G. Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms in Heart Failure: Linking β-Adrenergic Stimulation, Stretch, and Calcium. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1453. [PMID: 30374311 PMCID: PMC6196916 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with elevated sympathetic tone and mechanical load. Both systems activate signaling transduction pathways that increase cardiac output, but eventually become part of the disease process itself leading to further worsening of cardiac function. These alterations can adversely contribute to electrical instability, at least in part due to the modulation of Ca2+ handling at the level of the single cardiac myocyte. The major aim of this review is to provide a definitive overview of the links and cross talk between β-adrenergic stimulation, mechanical load, and arrhythmogenesis in the setting of HF. We will initially review the role of Ca2+ in the induction of both early and delayed afterdepolarizations, the role that β-adrenergic stimulation plays in the initiation of these and how the propensity for these may be altered in HF. We will then go onto reviewing the current data with regards to the link between mechanical load and afterdepolarizations, the associated mechano-sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor and other stretch activated channels that may be associated with HF-associated arrhythmias. Furthermore, we will discuss how alterations in local Ca2+ microdomains during the remodeling process associated the HF may contribute to the increased disposition for β-adrenergic or stretch induced arrhythmogenic triggers. Finally, the potential mechanisms linking β-adrenergic stimulation and mechanical stretch will be clarified, with the aim of finding common modalities of arrhythmogenesis that could be targeted by novel therapeutic agents in the setting of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Johnson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Antoons
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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The novel CaMKII inhibitor GS-680 reduces diastolic SR Ca leak and prevents CaMKII-dependent pro-arrhythmic activity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 118:159-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhong P, Quan D, Huang Y, Huang H. CaMKII Activation Promotes Cardiac Electrical Remodeling and Increases the Susceptibility to Arrhythmia Induction in High-fat Diet-Fed Mice With Hyperlipidemia Conditions. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 70:245-254. [PMID: 28662005 PMCID: PMC5642343 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity/hyperlipidemia is closely related to both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. CaMKII, a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, has been involved in cardiac arrhythmias of different etiologies. However, its role in obesity/hyperlipidemia-related cardiac arrhythmia is unexplored. The aim of this was to determine the involvement of CaMKII in the process. METHODS Adult male APOE mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), administrated with KN93 (10 mg·kg·2d), a specific inhibitor of CaMKII. Serum lipid and glucose profile, cardiac function, and surface electrocardiogram were determined. Electrophysiological study and epicardial activation mapping were performed in Langendorff-perfused heart. Expression of cardiac ion channels, gap junction proteins, Ca handling proteins, and CaMKII were evaluated, coupled with histological analysis. RESULTS A hyperlipidemia condition was induced by HFD in the APOE mice, which was associated with increased expression and activity of CaMKII in the hearts. In Langendorff-perfused hearts, HFD-induced heart showed increased arrhythmia inducibility, prolonged action potential duration, and decreased action potential duration alternans thresholds, coupled with slow ventricular conduction, connexin-43 upregulation, and interstitial fibrosis. Downregulation of ion channels including Cav1.2 and Kv4.2/Kv4.3 and disturbed Ca handling proteins were also observed in HFD-induced heart. Interestingly, all these alterations were significantly inhibited by KN93 treatment. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated an adverse effect of metabolic components on cardiac electrophysiology and implicated an important role of CaMKII underlying this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; and
- Huei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dajun Quan
- Department of Cardiology, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; and
- Huei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; and
- Huei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; and
- Huei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
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13
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Dewenter M, Neef S, Vettel C, Lämmle S, Beushausen C, Zelarayan LC, Katz S, von der Lieth A, Meyer-Roxlau S, Weber S, Wieland T, Sossalla S, Backs J, Brown JH, Maier LS, El-Armouche A. Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Activity Persists During Chronic β-Adrenoceptor Blockade in Experimental and Human Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 10:e003840. [PMID: 28487342 PMCID: PMC5479434 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.003840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable evidence suggests that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) overactivity plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), a condition characterized by excessive β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) stimulation. Recent studies indicate a significant cross talk between β-AR signaling and CaMKII activation presenting CaMKII as a possible downstream mediator of detrimental β-AR signaling in HF. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic β-AR blocker treatment on CaMKII activity in human and experimental HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunoblot analysis of myocardium from end-stage HF patients (n=12) and non-HF subjects undergoing cardiac surgery (n=12) treated with β-AR blockers revealed no difference in CaMKII activity when compared with non-β-AR blocker-treated patients. CaMKII activity was judged by analysis of CaMKII expression, autophosphorylation, and oxidation and by investigating the phosphorylation status of CaMKII downstream targets. To further evaluate these findings, CaMKIIδC transgenic mice were treated with the β1-AR blocker metoprolol (270 mg/kg*d). Metoprolol significantly reduced transgene-associated mortality (n≥29; P<0.001), attenuated the development of cardiac hypertrophy (-14±6% heart weight/tibia length; P<0.05), and strongly reduced ventricular arrhythmias (-70±22% premature ventricular contractions; P<0.05). On a molecular level, metoprolol expectedly decreased protein kinase A-dependent phospholamban and ryanodine receptor 2 phosphorylation (-42±9% for P-phospholamban-S16 and -22±7% for P-ryanodine receptor 2-S2808; P<0.05). However, this was paralled neither by a reduction in CaMKII autophosphorylation, oxidation, and substrate binding nor a change in the phosphorylation of CaMKII downstream target proteins (n≥11). The lack of CaMKII modulation by β-AR blocker treatment was confirmed in healthy wild-type mice receiving metoprolol. CONCLUSIONS Chronic β-AR blocker therapy in patients and in a mouse model of CaMKII-induced HF is not associated with a change in CaMKII activity. Thus, our data suggest that the molecular effects of β-AR blockers are not based on a modulation of CaMKII. Directly targeting CaMKII may, therefore, further improve HF therapy in addition to β-AR blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dewenter
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Stefan Neef
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Christiane Vettel
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Simon Lämmle
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Christina Beushausen
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Laura C Zelarayan
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Sylvia Katz
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Albert von der Lieth
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Stefanie Meyer-Roxlau
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Silvio Weber
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Thomas Wieland
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Johannes Backs
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Joan H Brown
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Lars S Maier
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.)
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- From the Institute of Pharmacology (M.D., C.B., L.C.Z.) and Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (S.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany; Department Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.D., S.K., A.v.d.L., J.B.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites Heidelberg/Mannheim and Göttingen, Germany (M.D., C.V., C.B., L.C.Z., S.K., A.v.d.L., T.W., S.S., J.B.); Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany (S.N., S.S., L.S.M.); Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Technology Dresden, Germany (S.L., S.M.-R., S.W., A.E.-A.); and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.H.B.).
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Mason FE, Sossalla S. The Significance of the Late Na+ Current for Arrhythmia Induction and the Therapeutic Antiarrhythmic Potential of Ranolazine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 22:40-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248416644989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the basis of arrhythmogenesis, the functional and clinical role of the late Na current, and its therapeutic inhibition. Under pathological conditions such as ischemia and heart failure this current is abnormally enhanced and influences cellular electrophysiology as a proarrhythmic substrate in myocardial pathology. Ranolazine the only approved late Na current blocker has been demonstrated to produce antiarrhythmic effects in the atria and the ventricle. We summarize recent experimental and clinical studies of ranolazine and other experimental late Na current blockers and discuss the significance of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur E. Mason
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen & Kiel, Germany
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15
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Walker MA, Williams GSB, Kohl T, Lehnart SE, Jafri MS, Greenstein JL, Lederer WJ, Winslow RL. Superresolution modeling of calcium release in the heart. Biophys J 2016; 107:3018-3029. [PMID: 25517166 PMCID: PMC4269784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) is critical for maintaining normal cellular contraction during cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The fundamental element of CICR in the heart is the calcium (Ca2+) spark, which arises from a cluster of ryanodine receptors (RyR). Opening of these RyR clusters is triggered to produce a local, regenerative release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The Ca2+ leak out of the SR is an important process for cellular Ca2+ management, and it is critically influenced by spark fidelity, i.e., the probability that a spontaneous RyR opening triggers a Ca2+ spark. Here, we present a detailed, three-dimensional model of a cardiac Ca2+ release unit that incorporates diffusion, intracellular buffering systems, and stochastically gated ion channels. The model exhibits realistic Ca2+ sparks and robust Ca2+ spark termination across a wide range of geometries and conditions. Furthermore, the model captures the details of Ca2+ spark and nonspark-based SR Ca2+ leak, and it produces normal excitation-contraction coupling gain. We show that SR luminal Ca2+-dependent regulation of the RyR is not critical for spark termination, but it can explain the exponential rise in the SR Ca2+ leak-load relationship demonstrated in previous experimental work. Perturbations to subspace dimensions, which have been observed in experimental models of disease, strongly alter Ca2+ spark dynamics. In addition, we find that the structure of RyR clusters also influences Ca2+ release properties due to variations in inter-RyR coupling via local subspace Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]ss). These results are illustrated for RyR clusters based on super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy. Finally, we present a believed-novel approach by which the spark fidelity of a RyR cluster can be predicted from structural information of the cluster using the maximum eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix. These results provide critical insights into CICR dynamics in heart, under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Walker
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George S B Williams
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tobias Kohl
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Heart Research Center Goettingen, Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M Saleet Jafri
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Joseph L Greenstein
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - W J Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raimond L Winslow
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Spaich S, Katus HA, Backs J. Ongoing controversies surrounding cardiac remodeling: is it black and white-or rather fifty shades of gray? Front Physiol 2015; 6:202. [PMID: 26257654 PMCID: PMC4510775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling describes the heart's multimodal response to a myriad of external or intrinsic stimuli and stressors most of which are probably only incompletely elucidated to date. Over many years the signaling molecules involved in these remodeling processes have been dichotomized according to a classic antagonistic view of black and white, i.e., attributed either a solely maladaptive or entirely beneficial character. By dissecting controversies, recent developments and shifts in perspective surrounding the three major cardiac signaling molecules calcineurin (Cn), protein kinase A (PKA) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), this review challenges this dualistic view and advocates the nature and dignity of each of these key mediators of cardiac remodeling as a multilayered, highly context-sensitive and sophisticated continuum that can be markedly swayed and influenced by a multitude of environmental factors and crosstalk mechanisms. Furthermore this review delineates the importance and essential contributions of degradation and proteolysis to cardiac plasticity and homeostasis and finally aims to integrate the various aspects of protein synthesis and turnover into a comprehensive picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Spaich
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
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17
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Mayr M. Affinity proteomics for phosphatase interactions in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:174-6. [PMID: 25593059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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18
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Besser J, Malan D, Wystub K, Bachmann A, Wietelmann A, Sasse P, Fleischmann BK, Braun T, Boettger T. MiRNA-1/133a clusters regulate adrenergic control of cardiac repolarization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113449. [PMID: 25415383 PMCID: PMC4240597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical properties of the heart are primarily determined by the activity of ion channels and the activity of these molecules is permanently modulated and adjusted to the physiological needs by adrenergic signaling. miRNAs are known to control the expression of many proteins and to fulfill distinct functions in the mammalian heart, though the in vivo effects of miRNAs on the electrical activity of the heart are poorly characterized. The miRNAs miR-1 and miR-133a are the most abundant miRNAs of the heart and are expressed from two miR-1/133a genomic clusters. Genetic modulation of miR-1/133a cluster expression without concomitant severe disturbance of general cardiomyocyte physiology revealed that these miRNA clusters govern cardiac muscle repolarization. Reduction of miR-1/133a dosage induced a longQT phenotype in mice especially at low heart rates. Longer action potentials in cardiomyocytes are caused by modulation of the impact of β-adrenergic signaling on the activity of the depolarizing L-type calcium channel. Pharmacological intervention to attenuate β-adrenergic signaling or L-type calcium channel activity in vivo abrogated the longQT phenotype that is caused by modulation of miR-1/133a activity. Thus, we identify the miR-1/133a miRNA clusters to be important to prevent a longQT-phenotype in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Besser
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life & Brain Center, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Wystub
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Angela Bachmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life & Brain Center, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life & Brain Center, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (TB); (TB)
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (TB); (TB)
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19
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Vincent KP, McCulloch AD, Edwards AG. Toward a hierarchy of mechanisms in CaMKII-mediated arrhythmia. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:110. [PMID: 24994983 PMCID: PMC4062880 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity has been shown to contribute to arrhythmogenesis in a remarkably broad range of cardiac pathologies. Several of these involve significant structural and electrophysiologic remodeling, whereas others are due to specific channelopathies, and are not typically associated with arrhythmogenic changes to protein expression or cellular and tissue structure. The ability of CaMKII to contribute to arrhythmia across such a broad range of phenotypes suggests one of two interpretations regarding the role of CaMKII in cardiac arrhythmia: (1) some CaMKII-dependent mechanism is a common driver of arrhythmia irrespective of the specific etiology of the disease, or (2) these different etiologies expose different mechanisms by which CaMKII is capable of promoting arrhythmia. In this review, we dissect the available mechanistic evidence to explore these two possibilities and discuss how the various molecular actions of CaMKII promote arrhythmia in different pathophysiologic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Vincent
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA ; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew G Edwards
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA ; Institute for Experimental Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål Oslo, Norway ; Simula Research Laboratory Lysaker, Norway
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20
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Greenstein JL, Foteinou PT, Hashambhoy-Ramsay YL, Winslow RL. Modeling CaMKII-mediated regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels and ryanodine receptors in the heart. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:60. [PMID: 24772082 PMCID: PMC3982069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in the cardiac myocyte is mediated by a number of highly integrated mechanisms of intracellular Ca2+ transport. Voltage- and Ca2+-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs) allow for Ca2+ entry into the myocyte, which then binds to nearby ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and triggers Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a process known as Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. The highly coordinated Ca2+-mediated interaction between LCCs and RyRs is further regulated by the cardiac isoform of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII). Because CaMKII targets and modulates the function of many ECC proteins, elucidation of its role in ECC and integrative cellular function is challenging and much insight has been gained through the use of detailed computational models. Multiscale models that can both reconstruct the detailed nature of local signaling events within the cardiac dyad and predict their functional consequences at the level of the whole cell have played an important role in advancing our understanding of CaMKII function in ECC. Here, we review experimentally based models of CaMKII function with a focus on LCC and RyR regulation, and the mechanistic insights that have been gained through their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Greenstein
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Panagiota T Foteinou
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hashambhoy-Ramsay
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raimond L Winslow
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Hohl M, Ardehali H, Azuaje FJ, Breckenridge RA, Doehner W, Eaton P, Ehret GB, Fujita T, Gaetani R, Giacca M, Hasenfuß G, Heymans S, Leite-Moreira AF, Linke WA, Linz D, Lyon A, Mamas MA, Orešič M, Papp Z, Pedrazzini T, Piepoli M, Prosser B, Rizzuto R, Tarone G, Tian R, van Craenenbroeck E, van Rooij E, Wai T, Weiss G, Maack C. Meeting highlights from the 2013 European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association Winter Meeting on Translational Heart Failure Research. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 16:6-14. [PMID: 24453095 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hohl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, D-66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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22
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The NO/ONOO-cycle as the central cause of heart failure. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22274-330. [PMID: 24232452 PMCID: PMC3856065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The NO/ONOO-cycle is a primarily local, biochemical vicious cycle mechanism, centered on elevated peroxynitrite and oxidative stress, but also involving 10 additional elements: NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide, mitochondrial dysfunction (lowered energy charge, ATP), NMDA activity, intracellular Ca(2+), TRP receptors and tetrahydrobiopterin depletion. All 12 of these elements have causal roles in heart failure (HF) and each is linked through a total of 87 studies to specific correlates of HF. Two apparent causal factors of HF, RhoA and endothelin-1, each act as tissue-limited cycle elements. Nineteen stressors that initiate cases of HF, each act to raise multiple cycle elements, potentially initiating the cycle in this way. Different types of HF, left vs. right ventricular HF, with or without arrhythmia, etc., may differ from one another in the regions of the myocardium most impacted by the cycle. None of the elements of the cycle or the mechanisms linking them are original, but they collectively produce the robust nature of the NO/ONOO-cycle which creates a major challenge for treatment of HF or other proposed NO/ONOO-cycle diseases. Elevated peroxynitrite/NO ratio and consequent oxidative stress are essential to both HF and the NO/ONOO-cycle.
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23
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Visualizing CaMKII and CaM activity: a paradigm of compartmentalized signaling. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:907-16. [PMID: 23775230 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) has long been recognized as a crucial intracellular messenger attaining stimuli-specific cellular outcomes via localized signaling. Ca(2+)-binding proteins, such as calmodulin (CaM), and its target proteins are key to the segregation and refinement of these Ca(2+)-dependent signaling events. This review not only summarizes the recent technological advances enabling the study of subcellular Ca(2+)-CaM and Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) signaling events but also highlights the outstanding challenges in the field.
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