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Rüegg AB, Ulbrich SE. Review: Embryonic diapause in the European roe deer - slowed, but not stopped. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100829. [PMID: 37567662 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic diapause in mammals describes a transient reduction of proliferation and developmental progression occurring at the blastocyst stage. It was first described in the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the 19th century, and later found to occur in at least over 130 mammalian species across several taxa. Diapause is often displayed as an interruption, a halt, or an arrest of embryonic development. In this review, we explore reduced, but not stopped pace of growth, proliferation and developmental progression during embryonic diapause and revisit early embryonic proliferation and continued slow development as peculiar phenomenon in the roe deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Rüegg
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Erten O, Taskomur AT, Albayrak M. Current Biomarkers for Endometrial Receptivity. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation and the continuation of pregnancy occur through a complicated
and sophisticated dialogue, called “cross-talk,” which starts between the embryo and
the endometrium in the early stages of oocyte maturation. This dialogue provides
synchronization of the journey of the embryo to be implanted with the receptive
endometrium. Understanding the activity and function of the hormones and factors
involved in this dialogue will provide an understanding of endometrial receptivity,
which plays a key role in implantation, and the determination of biomarkers specific
for this period. As a result of the development of omics technology, it has become
possible to identify biomarkers specific to endometrial receptivity by performing
genomic, proteomic, and lipidomic analyses of these hormones and factors. The
determination of these biomarkers, their optimization, and making them usable in the
clinic will allow increased success in ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Erten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kutahya Health Sciences
University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Aysun Tekeli Taskomur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Amasya,
Turkey
| | - Mustafa Albayrak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sisli Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Elshalofy A, Wagener K, Weber K, Blanco M, Bauersachs S, Bollwein H. Identification of genes associated with susceptibility to persistent breeding-induced endometritis by RNA-sequencing of uterine cytobrush samples. Reprod Biol 2021; 22:100577. [PMID: 34883452 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the susceptibility to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE). Cytobrush samples were collected from 81 broodmares 1-3 days before artificial insemination (AI). Susceptibility to PBIE was evaluated by the presence of ≥ 2 cm of intrauterine fluid 24 h after AI, besides the fertility was determined by a sonographic pregnancy diagnosis 2 weeks after ovulation. RNA expressions were compared between susceptible non-pregnant (SNP) mares (n=9) and resistant pregnant (RP) mares (n=9) as well as between susceptible pregnant (SP) mares (n=9) and susceptible non-pregnant (SNP) mares. 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between SNP and RP mares and 60 DEGs between SP and SNP mares. In SNP compared to RP mares, transcript levels of genes regulating steroid hormone metabolism and neutrophil chemotaxis were lower, while higher for genes participating in uterine inflammation.Transcripts of genes related to extracellular matrix degradation, tissue adhesions, and fibrosis were lower in SP mares than in SNP mares, while higher for genes related to uterine cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis in SP mares than SNP mares. In conclusion, increased transcript levels of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and roundabout 2 (ROBO2), cluster domain 44 (CD44), integrin beta 3 (ITGB3), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are possible biomarkers for susceptibility to PBIE. While higher expression of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9), kinase domain receptor (KDR), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 16, collagen type V alpha 2 (COL5A2) and fibronectin (FN1) are suggested indicators of fertility in susceptible mares if they receive proper breeding management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Elshalofy
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Karen Wagener
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Weber
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Moharrami T, Ai J, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Nouri M, Ziadi M, Pashaiefar H, Yazarlou F, Ahmadvand M, Najafi S, Modarressi MH. Influence of Follicular Fluid and Seminal Plasma on The Expression of Endometrial Receptivity Genes in Endometrial Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:457-466. [PMID: 32347039 PMCID: PMC7211287 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Endometrial receptivity plays a key role in pregnancy success in assisted reproduction cycles. Recent evidence suggests that seminal plasma (SP) and follicular fluid (FF) influence the uterine endometrium to improve implantation of the embryo and the establishment of pregnancy. In this study, we attempt to assess the influence of FF and SP on the expression levels of main endometrial receptivity genes (HOXA10, HOXA11, ITGAV, ITGB3 and LIF) in endometrial stromal cells. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, SP and FF were collected from 15 healthy fertile men and 15 healthy fertile women, respectively. Tissue specimens of the endometrium were obtained from 12 women undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions. After endometrial stromal cell isolation and culture, dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects of pooled FF and SP on 3D-cultured endometrial cells were evaluated. A second independent set of 12 endometrium samples was treated under determined optimum conditions and evaluated for gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The results of this study indicated that exposure of endometrial stromal cells to FF resulted in the elevated expression of HOXA10 (fold change=2.6, P=0.02), HOXA11 (fold change=3.3, P=0.002), LIF (fold change=4.6, P=0.0003), ITGB3 (fold change=3.5, P=0.012), and ITGAV (fold change=2.8, P=0.001) compared to untreated cells. In addition, we found that SP-treated endometrial cells showed increased mRNA levels of only the LIF gene (fold change=2.5, P=0.008) compared to untreated cells. Conclusion Human SP and FF may modulate the endometrial receptivity and improve the implantation rate in assisted reproduction cycles through the up-regulation of endometrial receptivity genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamouchin Moharrami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ziadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Pashaiefar
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazarlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Moraes JGN, Behura SK, Geary TW, Hansen PJ, Neibergs HL, Spencer TE. Uterine influences on conceptus development in fertility-classified animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1749-E1758. [PMID: 29432175 PMCID: PMC5828633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721191115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unresolved issue is how the uterus influences infertility and subfertility in cattle. Serial embryo transfer was previously used to classify heifers as high-fertile (HF), subfertile (SF), or infertile (IF). To assess pregnancy loss, two in vivo-produced embryos were transferred into HF, SF, and IF heifers on day 7, and pregnancy outcome was assessed on day 17. Pregnancy rate was substantially higher in HF (71%) and SF (90%) than IF (20%) heifers. Elongating conceptuses were about twofold longer in HF than SF heifers. Transcriptional profiling detected relatively few differences in the endometrium of nonpregnant HF, SF, and IF heifers. In contrast, there was a substantial difference in the transcriptome response of the endometrium to pregnancy between HF and SF heifers. Considerable deficiencies in pregnancy-dependent biological pathways associated with extracellular matrix structure and organization as well as cell adhesion were found in the endometrium of SF animals. Distinct gene expression differences were also observed in conceptuses from HF and SF animals, with many of the genes decreased in SF conceptuses known to be embryonic lethal in mice due to defects in embryo and/or placental development. Analyses of biological pathways, key players, and ligand-receptor interactions based on transcriptome data divulged substantial evidence for dysregulation of conceptus-endometrial interactions in SF animals. These results support the ideas that the uterus impacts conceptus survival and programs conceptus development, and ripple effects of dysregulated conceptus-endometrial interactions elicit loss of the postelongation conceptus in SF cattle during the implantation period of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao G N Moraes
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Thomas W Geary
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Miles City, MT 59301
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Holly L Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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6
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Effect of side of the corpus luteum and pregnancy on estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and localization in the endometrium of mares. Theriogenology 2017; 114:221-228. [PMID: 29655155 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of side of corpus luteum on uterine gene expression and protein localization of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) in healthy cyclic and pregnant mares 13 days after ovulation (day 0) was investigated. Transcervical biopsies were performed to collect endometrium ipsilateral and contralateral regarding the side of corpus luteum on day 13 post-ovulation in cyclic (n = 6) and pregnant (n = 6) mares. Blood samples were collected daily from day 0 until the day of biopsy for 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) determinations. Receptor expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and transcript expression by real time RT-PCR. Serum E2 and P4 concentrations were not affected by reproductive status. The contralateral horn presented higher percentage of positive cells for ERα than the ipsilateral horn (P < .05), but side did not affect PR. ERα showed low staining and no main effect of pregnancy was found, but pregnant mares had lower protein expression of PR (19.8 vs. 40.4 ± 5.3%, P < .01). The contralateral horn tended to present higher expression of ERα mRNA (1.33 vs. 0.97 ± 0.17, P < .10) and PR mRNA (1.96 vs. 1.57 ± 0.52, P < .09). ERα mRNA relative expression was lower in the pregnant group (0.88 vs. 1.44 ± 0.19, P < .05). The interaction of reproductive status and side of corpus luteum tended to affect PR mRNA expression as pregnant mares had a lower PR mRNA content in the ipsilateral horn than cyclic mares. To our knowledge, this is the first study that describes the behavior of steroid receptors in the endometrium of mares regarding side of corpus luteum.
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7
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Neupane M, Geary TW, Kiser JN, Burns GW, Hansen PJ, Spencer TE, Neibergs HL. Loci and pathways associated with uterine capacity for pregnancy and fertility in beef cattle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188997. [PMID: 29228019 PMCID: PMC5724891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility and subfertility negatively impact the economics and reproductive performance of cattle. Of note, significant pregnancy loss occurs in cattle during the first month of pregnancy, yet little is known about the genetic loci influencing pregnancy success and loss in cattle. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) with large effects associated with early pregnancy loss, Angus crossbred heifers were classified based on day 28 pregnancy outcomes to serial embryo transfer. A genome wide association analysis (GWAA) was conducted comparing 30 high fertility heifers with 100% success in establishing pregnancy to 55 subfertile heifers with 25% or less success. A gene set enrichment analysis SNP (GSEA-SNP) was performed to identify gene sets and leading edge genes influencing pregnancy loss. The GWAA identified 22 QTL (p < 1 x 10-5), and GSEA-SNP identified 9 gene sets (normalized enrichment score > 3.0) with 253 leading edge genes. Network analysis identified TNF (tumor necrosis factor), estrogen, and TP53 (tumor protein 53) as the top of 671 upstream regulators (p < 0.001), whereas the SOX2 (SRY [sex determining region Y]-box 2) and OCT4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4) complex was the top master regulator out of 773 master regulators associated with fertility (p < 0.001). Identification of QTL and genes in pathways that improve early pregnancy success provides critical information for genomic selection to increase fertility in cattle. The identified genes and regulators also provide insight into the complex biological mechanisms underlying pregnancy establishment in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Neupane
- Department Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Geary
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Kiser
- Department Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory W. Burns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Holly L. Neibergs
- Department Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Altmäe S, Koel M, Võsa U, Adler P, Suhorutšenko M, Laisk-Podar T, Kukushkina V, Saare M, Velthut-Meikas A, Krjutškov K, Aghajanova L, Lalitkumar PG, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Giudice L, Simón C, Salumets A. Meta-signature of human endometrial receptivity: a meta-analysis and validation study of transcriptomic biomarkers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10077. [PMID: 28855728 PMCID: PMC5577343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous transcriptome studies of the human endometrium have revealed hundreds of simultaneously up- and down-regulated genes that are involved in endometrial receptivity. However, the overlap between the studies is relatively small, and we are still searching for potential diagnostic biomarkers. Here we perform a meta-analysis of endometrial-receptivity associated genes on 164 endometrial samples (76 from 'pre-receptive' and 88 from mid-secretory, 'receptive' phase endometria) using a robust rank aggregation (RRA) method, followed by enrichment analysis, and regulatory microRNA prediction. We identify a meta-signature of endometrial receptivity involving 57 mRNA genes as putative receptivity markers, where 39 of these we confirm experimentally using RNA-sequencing method in two separate datasets. The meta-signature genes highlight the importance of immune responses, the complement cascade pathway and the involvement of exosomes in mid-secretory endometrial functions. Bioinformatic prediction identifies 348 microRNAs that could regulate 30 endometrial-receptivity associated genes, and we confirm experimentally the decreased expression of 19 microRNAs with 11 corresponding up-regulated meta-signature genes in our validation experiments. The 57 identified meta-signature genes and involved pathways, together with their regulatory microRNAs could serve as promising and sought-after biomarkers of endometrial receptivity, fertility and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Altmäe
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Tartu, Estonia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Mariann Koel
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, and Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Adler
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50409, Estonia
| | - Marina Suhorutšenko
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Laisk-Podar
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Merli Saare
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, and Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lusine Aghajanova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143-0132, CA, USA
| | - Parameswaran G Lalitkumar
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143-0132, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Simón
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Valencia University & INCLIVA, Igenomix & Fundación IVI, 46021, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, 50410, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, FI-00029, HUS, Finland
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Gu Q, Guo S, Wang D, Zhou T, Wang L, Wang Z, Ma J. Effect of corticision on orthodontic tooth movement in a rat model as assessed by RNA sequencing. J Mol Histol 2017; 48:199-208. [PMID: 28409326 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Corticision is a common technique to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement; however, not much is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of alveolar tissue remodeling after corticision in a rat model of tooth movement (TM) by analyzing the differential transcriptome. A total of 36 male rats were equally divided into TM and TM with corticision (TM+C) groups. Alveolar bone response was examined using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were quantified on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and Goldner's trichrome staining. The transcriptomes of alveolus around the left maxillary first molar were determined on RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and the expression of selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) validated on quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical examination of alveolar tissue was performed to examine the expressions of correlative proteins of the selected signaling pathway in the TM and TM+C groups. The ratio of bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), and the trabecular number (Tb.N) were significantly decreased, while the movement distance and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was significantly increased in the TM+C group. However, no significant between-group difference in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was observed. On histomorphometric analysis, a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts and increased bone resorption was observed in the TM+C group. A total of 399 DEGs were identified on RNA-SEq. Eleven selected genes were confirmed on qRT-PCR, which included components of the Ras signaling pathway. Four proteins of the Ras signaling pathway showed a higher expression in the TM+C group. Our findings indicate that corticision may speed up orthodontic tooth movement by accelerating osteoclastogenesis mediated via the Ras signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Dongyue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Zhendong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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10
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Spencer TE, Forde N, Lonergan P. Insights into conceptus elongation and establishment of pregnancy in ruminants. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:84-100. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review integrates established and new information on the factors and pathways regulating conceptus–endometrial interactions, conceptus elongation and establishment of pregnancy in sheep and cattle. Establishment of pregnancy in domestic ruminants begins at the conceptus stage (embryo or fetus and associated extra-embryonic membranes) and includes pregnancy recognition signalling, implantation and the onset of placentation. Survival and growth of the preimplantation blastocyst and elongating conceptus require embryotrophic factors (amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and other substances) provided by the uterus. The coordinated and interactive actions of ovarian progesterone and conceptus-derived factors (interferon-τ and prostaglandins) regulate expression of elongation- and implantation-related genes in the endometrial epithelia that alter the uterine luminal milieu and affect trophectoderm proliferation, migration, attachment, differentiation and function. A comparison of sheep and cattle finds both conserved and non-conserved embryotrophic factors in the uterus; however, the overall biological pathways governing conceptus elongation and establishment of pregnancy are likely conserved. Given that most pregnancy losses in ruminants occur during the first month of pregnancy, increased knowledge is necessary to understand why and provide a basis for new strategies to improve pregnancy outcome and reproductive efficiency.
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11
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Geary TW, Burns GW, Moraes JGN, Moss JI, Denicol AC, Dobbs KB, Ortega MS, Hansen PJ, Wehrman ME, Neibergs H, O'Neil E, Behura S, Spencer TE. Identification of Beef Heifers with Superior Uterine Capacity for Pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:47. [PMID: 27417907 PMCID: PMC5029478 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.141390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility and subfertility represent major problems in domestic animals and humans, and the majority of embryonic loss occurs during the first month of gestation that involves pregnancy recognition and conceptus implantation. The critical genes and physiological pathways in the endometrium that mediate pregnancy establishment and success are not well understood. In study one, predominantly Angus heifers were classified based on fertility using serial embryo transfer to select animals with intrinsic differences in pregnancy loss. In each of the four rounds, a single in vitro-produced, high-quality embryo was transferred into heifers on Day 7 postestrus and pregnancy was determined on Days 28 and 42 by ultrasound and then terminated. Heifers were classified based on pregnancy success as high fertile (HF), subfertile (SF), or infertile (IF). In study two, fertility-classified heifers were resynchronized and bred with semen from a single high-fertility bull. Blood samples were collected every other day from Days 0 to 36 postmating. Pregnancy rate was determined on Day 28 by ultrasound and was higher in HF (70.4%) than in heifers with low fertility (36.8%; SF and IF). Progesterone concentrations in serum during the first 20 days postestrus were not different in nonpregnant heifers and also not different in pregnant heifers among fertility groups. In study three, a single in vivo-produced embryo was transferred into fertility-classified heifers on Day 7 postestrus. The uteri were flushed on Day 14 to recover embryos, and endometrial biopsies were obtained from the ipsilateral uterine horn. Embryo recovery rate and conceptus length and area were not different among the heifer groups. RNA was sequenced from the Day 14 endometrial biopsies of pregnant HF, SF, and IF heifers (n = 5 per group) and analyzed by edgeR-robust analysis. There were 26 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HF compared to SF endometrium, 12 DEGs for SF compared to IF endometrium, and three DEGs between the HF and IF endometrium. Several of the DEG-encoded proteins are involved in immune responses and are expressed in B cells. Results indicate that preimplantation conceptus survival and growth to Day 14 is not compromised in SF and IF heifers. Thus, the observed difference in capacity for pregnancy success in these fertility-classified heifers is manifest between Days 14 and 28 when pregnancy recognition signaling and conceptus elongation and implantation must occur for the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Geary
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, Montana
| | - Gregory W Burns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joao G N Moraes
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James I Moss
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Anna C Denicol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kyle B Dobbs
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - M Sofia Ortega
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Holly Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Eleanore O'Neil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Susanta Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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12
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Yu W, Li Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Liu J, Ding F, Zhang X, Cheng Z, Chen P, Dou J. Transcriptomic changes in human renal proximal tubular cells revealed under hypoxic conditions by RNA sequencing. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:894-902. [PMID: 27432315 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia often occurs among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal proximal tubular cells may be the primary target of a hypoxic insult. However, the underlying transcriptional mechanisms remain undefined. In this study, we revealed the global changes in gene expression in HK‑2 human renal proximal tubular cells under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We analyzed the transcriptome of HK‑2 cells exposed to hypoxia for 24 h using RNA sequencing. A total of 279 differentially expressed genes was examined, as these genes could potentially explain the differences in HK‑2 cells between hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Moreover, 17 genes were validated by qPCR, and the results were highly concordant with the RNA seqencing results. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to better understand the functions of these differentially expressed genes. The upregulated genes appeared to be significantly enriched in the pathyway of extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and in paticular, the pathway of renal cell carcinoma was upregulated under hypoxic conditions. The downregulated genes were enriched in the signaling pathway related to antigen processing and presentation; however, the pathway of glutathione metabolism was downregulated. Our analysis revealed numerous novel transcripts and alternative splicing events. Simultaneously, we also identified a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms, which will be a rich resource for future marker development. On the whole, our data indicate that transcriptome analysis provides valuable information for a more in depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms in CKD and renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Yu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Li
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fengan Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Cheng
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Dou
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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13
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Spencer TE, Forde N, Lonergan P. The role of progesterone and conceptus-derived factors in uterine biology during early pregnancy in ruminants. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5941-5950. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Barnwell CV, Farin PW, Ashwell CM, Farmer WT, Galphin SP, Farin CE. Differences in mRNA populations of short and long bovine conceptuses on Day 15 of gestation. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:424-41. [PMID: 27013032 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The majority of pregnancy loss in cattle occurs between Days 8 and 16 of gestation, coincident with the initiation of conceptus elongation and the onset of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Differences in conceptus length on the same day of gestation may be related to an inherent lack of developmental competency or may simply be a consequence of asynchrony with the maternal environment. The objective of this work was to characterize differential patterns of mRNA expression between short and long bovine conceptuses recovered on Day 15 of gestation. Embryos were produced from super-ovulated Holstein donor cows, and groups of Grade-1 and Grade-3 compact morulas were transferred into recipient heifers at Day 6.5 of their cycle. Conceptuses were recovered at Day 15 of gestation, and measured to assess overall length and area. Total RNA was extracted and analyzed on individual GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Gene expression was compared between conceptuses derived from the transfer of Grade-1 versus Grade-3 embryos; no differences were identified in the profiles of Day-15 conceptuses of these different embryo grades. When gene expression was compared between conceptuses classified as either short (mean length of 4.2 ± 0.1 mm [standard error]) or long (24.7 ± 1.9 mm) upon recovery at Day 15 of gestation, a total of 348 genes were differentially expressed. Of these, 221 genes were up-regulated and 127 were down-regulated in long compared to short conceptuses. In summary, differences in gene expression were identified between conceptuses recovered on Day 15 of gestation, based on their length. These data may be used to identify genes and cellular pathways involved in enhanced conceptus elongation that could serve as markers of successful pregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 424-441, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie V Barnwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Peter W Farin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Christopher M Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - William T Farmer
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Samuel P Galphin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Charlotte E Farin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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15
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Hue I. Determinant molecular markers for peri-gastrulating bovine embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:51-65. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-gastrulation defines the time frame between blastocyst formation and implantation that also corresponds in cattle to elongation, pregnancy recognition and uterine secretion. Optimally, this developmental window prepares the conceptus for implantation, placenta formation and fetal development. However, this is a highly sensitive period, as evidenced by the incidence of embryo loss or early post-implantation mortality after AI, embryo transfer or somatic cell nuclear transfer. Elongation markers have often been used within this time frame to assess developmental defects or delays, originating either from the embryo, the uterus or the dam. Comparatively, gastrulation markers have not received great attention, although elongation and gastrulation are linked by reciprocal interactions at the molecular and cellular levels. To make this clearer, this peri-gastrulating period is described herein with a focus on its main developmental landmarks, and the resilience of the landmarks in the face of biotechnologies is questioned.
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16
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Rahman KM, Camp ME, Prasad N, McNeel AK, Levy SE, Bartol FF, Bagnell CA. Age and Nursing Affect the Neonatal Porcine Uterine Transcriptome. Biol Reprod 2015; 94:46. [PMID: 26632611 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.136150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lactocrine hypothesis for maternal programming of neonatal development was proposed to describe a mechanism through which milk-borne bioactive factors, delivered from mother to nursing offspring, could affect development of tissues, including the uterus. Porcine uterine development, initiated before birth, is completed postnatally. However, age- and lactocrine-sensitive elements of the neonatal porcine uterine developmental program are undefined. Here, effects of age and nursing on the uterine transcriptome for 48 h from birth (Postnatal Day [PND] = 0) were identified using RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Uterine tissues were obtained from neonatal gilts (n = 4 per group) within 1 h of birth and before feeding (PND 0), or 48 h after nursing ad libitum (PND 2N) or feeding a commercial milk replacer (PND 2R). RNAseq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with both age (PND 2N vs. PND 0; 3283 DEGs) and nursing on PND 2 (PND 2N vs PND 2R; 896 DEGs). Expression of selected uterine genes was validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatic analyses revealed multiple biological processes enriched in response to both age and nursing, including cell adhesion, morphogenesis, and cell-cell signaling. Age-sensitive pathways also included estrogen receptor-alpha and hedgehog signaling cascades. Lactocrine-sensitive processes in nursed gilts included those involved in response to wounding, the plasminogen activator network and coagulation. Overall, RNAseq analysis revealed comprehensive age- and nursing-related transcriptomic differences in the neonatal porcine uterus and identified novel pathways and biological processes regulating uterine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Rahman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Clay Center, Nebraska Department of Animal Sciences, Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Meredith E Camp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Anthony K McNeel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | - Shawn E Levy
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Carol A Bagnell
- Department of Animal Sciences, Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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17
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Chávez-García A, Vázquez-Martínez ER, Murcia C, Rodríguez A, Cerbón M, Mejía O. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of intrauterine fetal growth restriction in interspecies sheep pregnancy. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:4692-701. [PMID: 26523562 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecies pregnancies between closely related species are usually performed in livestock to obtain improved and enriched offspring. Indeed, different hybrids have been obtained for research purposes since many years ago, and the maternal-fetal interactions have been studied as a possible strategy for species preservation. The aim of this study was to characterize by physiological and molecular approaches the interspecies pregnancy between bighorn sheep () and domestic sheep (). Hybrids were obtained by artificial insemination; the blood pressure and protein urine levels were measured during the last two-thirds of gestation. After parturition, offspring and placentas were weighed and measured and cotyledons were counted and weighed and their surface area determined. Plasma samples were obtained between wk 8 and 21 of gestation to assess progesterone (P4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PlGF) levels and cell-free RNA was isolated during the same period to assess hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (α) gene expression. Hybrid and normal pregnancies were analyzed using physiological and molecular parameters during the last two-thirds of gestation (wk 8-21). The results show that during the measurement period, ewes with a hybrid pregnancy presented normal blood pressure and no alteration in urinary protein content. However, compared with sheep with a normal pregnancy, those with a hybrid pregnancy had a decrease in fetal and placental growth as well as in the cotyledonary surface area. Furthermore, in the hybrid group, there was placental insufficiency, characterized by a decrease in P4 production, as well as indications of endothelial dysfunction, characterized an increase in plasma levels of VEGF and PlGF as well as in plasma gene expression of α. Overall, the results indicate that hybrids of and presented intrauterine growth restriction, essentially due to altered endothelial function and chronic placental insufficiency. Further studies are necessary to overcome this primary placental dysfunction and thus obtain improved offspring for future molecular and genomic evaluations.
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18
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Gómez E, Ruíz-Alonso M, Miravet J, Simón C. Human Endometrial Transcriptomics: Implications for Embryonic Implantation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:a022996. [PMID: 25818663 PMCID: PMC4484960 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human endometrium has been extensively investigated in the search for markers capable of predicting its receptive status. The completion of the Human Genome Project has triggered a rapid development of new fields in molecular biology, the "transcriptomics" being a major turning point in the knowledge acquisition of endometrial receptivity. Based on this, a customized Endometrial Receptivity Array (ERA) has been developed, which is capable of identifying the genomic signature of receptivity. This diagnostic tool showed that the window of implantation (WOI) is displaced in one out of four patients with implantation failure, allowing the identification of their personalized WOI. This strategy allows performing a personalized embryo transfer (pET) on the day in which the endometrium is receptive. The combination of a systems biology approach and next-generation sequencing will overcome the limitations of microarrays, and will, in the future, allow elucidation of the mechanisms involved in embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gómez
- IGENOMIX, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Ruíz-Alonso
- IGENOMIX, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Miravet
- IGENOMIX, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- IGENOMIX, Parc Cientific Valencia University, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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19
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Fazeli A, Moein Vaziri N, Holt WV. Proteomics of the periconception milieu. Proteomics 2015; 15:649-55. [PMID: 25404351 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing realisation that human health status in adulthood depends critically upon environmental conditions pertaining around the time of conception and during pregnancy. Poor maternal diet or adverse environmental conditions around the periconception period somehow induces the resultant embryo to adapt predictively in order to survive this level of stress for the whole of its life. However, if there is a mismatch between expectation and reality, where the conditions during later life are better than expected, things go wrong and the adult suffers a range of illnesses, including diabetes, heart disease, hypertension and stroke. Understanding the molecular signals that direct the early embryo to adopt appropriate adaptations to suit its future life would be extremely valuable. However, although it appears to be an ideal task for proteomic applications, there are technical, ethical and practical limitations to what can be achieved with the current framework of proteomic technology. Here, we review what has been achieved to date, explain some of the experimental problems and suggest some strategies for taking this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Fazeli
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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20
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Spencer TE, Hansen TR. Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Ruminants. REGULATION OF IMPLANTATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PREGNANCY IN MAMMALS 2015; 216:105-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Brooks K, Burns G, Spencer TE. Conceptus elongation in ruminants: roles of progesterone, prostaglandin, interferon tau and cortisol. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:53. [PMID: 25810904 PMCID: PMC4373033 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of pregnancy loss in ruminants occurs during the first three weeks after conception, particularly during the period of conceptus elongation that occurs prior to pregnancy recognition and implantation. This review integrates established and new information on the biological role of ovarian progesterone (P4), prostaglandins (PGs), interferon tau (IFNT) and cortisol in endometrial function and conceptus elongation. Progesterone is secreted by the ovarian corpus luteum (CL) and is the unequivocal hormone of pregnancy. Prostaglandins (PGs) and cortisol are produced by both the epithelial cells of the endometrium and the trophectoderm of the elongating conceptus. In contrast, IFNT is produced solely by the conceptus trophectoderm and is the maternal recognition of pregnancy signal that inhibits production of luteolytic pulses of PGF2α by the endometrium to maintain the CL and thus production of P4. Available results in sheep support the idea that the individual, interactive, and coordinated actions of P4, PGs, IFNT and cortisol regulate conceptus elongation and implantation by controlling expression of genes in the endometrium and/or trophectoderm. An increased knowledge of conceptus-endometrial interactions during early pregnancy in ruminants is necessary to understand and elucidate the causes of infertility and recurrent early pregnancy loss and provide new strategies to improve fertility and thus reproductive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Brooks
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Greg Burns
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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22
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Bauersachs S, Wolf E. Uterine responses to the preattachment embryo in domestic ungulates: recognition of pregnancy and preparation for implantation. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2014; 3:489-511. [PMID: 25387113 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The endometrium is a tissue newly evolved with the development of mammalian species. Its main function is the support of embryonic growth and development and the nutrition of the fetus. The species-specific differences in establishment and maintenance of pregnancy make the study of this tissue in various mammalian organisms particularly interesting. With the application of omics technologies to various mammalian species, many systematic studies of endometrial gene expression changes during the phase of establishment of pregnancy have been performed to obtain a global view of regulatory events associated with this biological process. This review summarizes the results of trancriptome studies of bovine, porcine, and equine endometrium. Furthermore, the results are compared between these species and to humans. Because an increasing number of studies suggest an important role of small regulatory RNAs (i.e., microRNAs), recent findings related to the regulation of endometrial functions and the development of the conceptus are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bauersachs
- Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
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23
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Altmäe S, Esteban FJ, Stavreus-Evers A, Simón C, Giudice L, Lessey BA, Horcajadas JA, Macklon NS, D'Hooghe T, Campoy C, Fauser BC, Salamonsen LA, Salumets A. Guidelines for the design, analysis and interpretation of 'omics' data: focus on human endometrium. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:12-28. [PMID: 24082038 PMCID: PMC3845681 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Omics' high-throughput analyses, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, are widely applied in human endometrial studies. Analysis of endometrial transcriptome patterns in physiological and pathophysiological conditions has been to date the most commonly applied 'omics' technique in human endometrium. As the technologies improve, proteomics holds the next big promise for this field. The 'omics' technologies have undoubtedly advanced our knowledge of human endometrium in relation to fertility and different diseases. Nevertheless, the challenges arising from the vast amount of data generated and the broad variation of 'omics' profiling according to different environments and stimuli make it difficult to assess the validity, reproducibility and interpretation of such 'omics' data. With the expansion of 'omics' analyses in the study of the endometrium, there is a growing need to develop guidelines for the design of studies, and the analysis and interpretation of 'omics' data. METHODS Systematic review of the literature in PubMed, and references from relevant articles were investigated up to March 2013. RESULTS The current review aims to provide guidelines for future 'omics' studies on human endometrium, together with a summary of the status and trends, promise and shortcomings in the high-throughput technologies. In addition, the approaches presented here can be adapted to other areas of high-throughput 'omics' studies. CONCLUSION A highly rigorous approach to future studies, based on the guidelines provided here, is a prerequisite for obtaining data on biological systems which can be shared among researchers worldwide and will ultimately be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Altmäe
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia
- School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Anneli Stavreus-Evers
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlos Simón
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI) and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia University, 46021 Valencia, Spain
| | - Linda Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0132, USA
| | - Bruce A. Lessey
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Group, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, South Carolina, SC 29605, USA
| | - Jose A. Horcajadas
- Araid-Hospital Miguel Servet, 50004 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nick S. Macklon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Developmental Origins of Adult Disease, University of Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, SO16 5YA Southampton, UK
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- Leuven University Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (Leuven University), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Campoy
- School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Bart C. Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lois A. Salamonsen
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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24
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Nelis H, D'Herde K, Goossens K, Vandenberghe L, Leemans B, Forier K, Smits K, Braeckmans K, Peelman L, Van Soom A. Equine oviduct explant culture: a basic model to decipher embryo–maternal communication. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:954-66. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine embryos remain for 6 days in the oviduct and thus there is a need for an in vitro model to study embryo–oviductal interactions in the horse, since this subtle way of communication is very difficult to analyse in vivo. Until now, no equine oviduct explant culture model has been characterised both morphologically and functionally. Therefore, we established a culture system for equine oviduct explants that maintained epithelial morphology during 6 days of culture, as revealed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrated the presence of highly differentiated, tall columnar, pseudostratified epithelium with basal nuclei, numerous nucleoli, secretory granules and apical cilia, which is very similar to the in vivo situation. Both epithelium and stromal cells originating from the lamina propria are represented in the explants. Moreover, at least 98% of the cells remained membrane intact and fewer than 2% of the cells were apoptotic after 6 days of culture. Although dark-cell degeneration, which is a hypoxia-related type of cell death, was observed in the centre of the explants, quantitative real-time PCR failed to detect upregulation of the hypoxia-related marker genes HIF1A, VEGFA, uPA, GLUT1 and PAI1. Since the explants remained morphologically and functionally intact and since the system is easy to set up, it appears to be an excellent tool for proteome, transcriptome and miRNome analysis in order to unravel embryo–maternal interactions in the horse.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Spencer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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26
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Minten MA, Bilby TR, Bruno RGS, Allen CC, Madsen CA, Wang Z, Sawyer JE, Tibary A, Neibergs HL, Geary TW, Bauersachs S, Spencer TE. Effects of fertility on gene expression and function of the bovine endometrium. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69444. [PMID: 23940519 PMCID: PMC3734181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility and subfertility are important and pervasive reproductive problems in both domestic animals and humans. The majority of embryonic loss occurs during the first three weeks of pregnancy in cattle and women due, in part, to inadequate endometrial receptivity for support of embryo implantation. To identify heifers of contrasting fertility, serial rounds of artificial insemination (AI) were conducted in 201 synchronized crossbred beef heifers. The heifers were then fertility classified based on number of pregnancies detected on day 35 in four AI opportunities. Heifers, classified as having high fertility, subfertility or infertility, were selected for further study. The fertility-classified heifers were superovulated and flushed, and the recovered embryos were graded and then transferred to synchronized recipients. Quantity of embryos recovered per flush, embryo quality, and subsequent recipient pregnancy rates did not differ by fertility classification. Two in vivo-produced bovine embryos (stage 4 or 5, grade 1 or 2) were then transferred into each heifer on day 7 post-estrus. Pregnancy rates were greater in high fertility than lower fertility heifers when heifers were used as embryo recipients. The reproductive tracts of the classified heifers were obtained on day 14 of the estrous cycle. No obvious morphological differences in reproductive tract structures and histology of the uterus were observed in the heifers. Microarray analysis revealed differences in the endometrial transcriptome based on fertility classification. A genome-wide association study, based on SNP genotyping, detected 7 moderate associations with fertility across 6 different chromosomes. Collectively, these studies support the idea that innate differences in uterine function underlie fertility and early pregnancy loss in ruminants. Cattle with defined early pregnancy success or loss is useful to elucidate the complex biological and genetic mechanisms governing endometrial receptivity and uterine competency for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Minten
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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