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Nisco A, Tolomeo M, Scalise M, Zanier K, Barile M. Exploring the impact of flavin homeostasis on cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189149. [PMID: 38971209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Flavins and their associated proteins have recently emerged as compelling players in the landscape of cancer biology. Flavins, encompassing flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), serve as coenzymes in a multitude of cellular processes, such as metabolism, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Their involvement in oxidative phosphorylation, redox homeostasis, and enzymatic reactions has long been recognized. However, recent research has unveiled an extended role for flavins in the context of cancer. In parallel, riboflavin transporters (RFVTs), FAD synthase (FADS), and riboflavin kinase (RFK) have gained prominence in cancer research. These proteins, responsible for riboflavin uptake, FAD biosynthesis, and FMN generation, are integral components of the cellular machinery that governs flavin homeostasis. Dysregulation in the expression/function of these proteins has been associated with various cancers, underscoring their potential as diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and key determinants of cancer cell behavior. This review embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted role of flavins and of the flavoproteins involved in nucleus-mitochondria crosstalk in cancer. We journey through the influence of flavins on cancer cell energetics, the modulation of RFVTs in malignant transformation, the diagnostic and prognostic significance of FADS, and the implications of RFK in drug resistance and apoptosis. This review also underscores the potential of these molecules and processes as targets for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering new avenues for the battle against this relentless disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Nisco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy; Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Katia Zanier
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy.
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2
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Demetriou K, Nisbet J, Coman D, Ewing AD, Phillips L, Smith S, Lipke M, Inwood A, Spicer J, Atthow C, Wilgen U, Robertson T, McWhinney A, Swenson R, Espley B, Snowdon B, McGill JJ, Summers KM. Molecular genetic analysis of candidate genes for glutaric aciduria type II in a cohort of patients from Queensland, Australia. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108516. [PMID: 38941880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder affecting mitochondrial fatty acid, amino acid and choline oxidation. Clinical manifestations vary across the lifespan and onset may occur at any time from the early neonatal period to advanced adulthood. Historically, some patients, in particular those with late onset disease, have experienced significant benefit from riboflavin supplementation. GAII has been considered an autosomal recessive condition caused by pathogenic variants in the gene encoding electron-transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone-oxidoreductase (ETFDH) or in the genes encoding electron-transfer flavoprotein subunits A and B (ETFA and ETFB respectively). Variants in genes involved in riboflavin metabolism have also been reported. However, in some patients, molecular analysis has failed to reveal diagnostic molecular results. In this study, we report the outcome of molecular analysis in 28 Australian patients across the lifespan, 10 paediatric and 18 adult, who had a diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type II based on both clinical and biochemical parameters. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 26 of the patients and two neonatal onset patients had targeted sequencing of candidate genes. The two patients who had targeted sequencing had biallelic pathogenic variants (in ETFA and ETFDH). None of the 26 patients whose whole genome was sequenced had biallelic variants in any of the primary candidate genes. Interestingly, nine of these patients (34.6%) had a monoallelic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a single primary candidate gene and one patient (3.9%) had a monoallelic pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in two separate genes within the same pathway. The frequencies of the damaging variants within ETFDH and FAD transporter gene SLC25A32 were significantly higher than expected when compared to the corresponding allele frequencies in the general population. The remaining 16 patients (61.5%) had no pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the candidate genes. Ten (56%) of the 18 adult patients were taking the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant sertraline, which has been shown to produce a GAII phenotype, and another two adults (11%) were taking a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, venlafaxine or duloxetine, which have a mechanism of action overlapping that of sertraline. Riboflavin deficiency can also mimic both the clinical and biochemical phenotype of GAII. Several patients on these antidepressants showed an initial response to riboflavin but then that response waned. These results suggest that the GAII phenotype can result from a complex interaction between monoallelic variants and the cellular environment. Whole genome or targeted gene panel analysis may not provide a clear molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliope Demetriou
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Janelle Nisbet
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - David Coman
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Wesley Medical Centre, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia; University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adam D Ewing
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Liza Phillips
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Sally Smith
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Michelle Lipke
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Anita Inwood
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Janette Spicer
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Catherine Atthow
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Urs Wilgen
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Thomas Robertson
- University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Avis McWhinney
- Chemical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital, Mater Hospital Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Rebecca Swenson
- Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Brayden Espley
- Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Brianna Snowdon
- Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - James J McGill
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; Chemical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital, Mater Hospital Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Hoogstraten CA, Schirris TJJ, Russel FGM. Unlocking mitochondrial drug targets: The importance of mitochondrial transport proteins. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14150. [PMID: 38666512 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A disturbed mitochondrial function contributes to the pathology of many common diseases. These organelles are therefore important therapeutic targets. On the contrary, many adverse effects of drugs can be explained by a mitochondrial off-target effect, in particular, due to an interaction with carrier proteins in the inner membrane. Yet this class of transport proteins remains underappreciated and understudied. The aim of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the role of mitochondrial carriers in health and disease and their significance as drug targets. We present literature-based evidence that mitochondrial carrier proteins are associated with prevalent diseases and emphasize their potential as drug (off-)target sites by summarizing known mitochondrial drug-transporter interactions. Studying these carriers will enhance our knowledge of mitochondrial drug on- and off-targets and provide opportunities to further improve the efficacy and safety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Hoogstraten
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Curtabbi A, Guarás A, Cabrera-Alarcón JL, Rivero M, Calvo E, Rosa-Moreno M, Vázquez J, Medina M, Enríquez JA. Regulation of respiratory complex I assembly by FMN cofactor targeting. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103001. [PMID: 38145589 PMCID: PMC10767280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complex I plays a crucial role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and shows promise as a therapeutic target for various human diseases. While most studies focus on inhibiting complex I at the Q-site, little is known about inhibitors targeting other sites within the complex. In this study, we demonstrate that diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a N-site inhibitor, uniquely affects the stability of complex I by reacting with its flavin cofactor FMN. Treatment with DPI blocks the final stage of complex I assembly, leading to the complete and reversible degradation of complex I in different cellular models. Growing cells in medium lacking the FMN precursor riboflavin or knocking out the mitochondrial flavin carrier gene SLC25A32 results in a similar complex I degradation. Overall, our findings establish a direct connection between mitochondrial flavin homeostasis and complex I stability and assembly, paving the way for novel pharmacological strategies to regulate respiratory complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Curtabbi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Guarás
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Cabrera-Alarcón
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Rivero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Rosa-Moreno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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Murgia C, Dehlia A, Guthridge MA. New insights into the nutritional genomics of adult-onset riboflavin-responsive diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:42. [PMID: 37845732 PMCID: PMC10580530 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin, or vitamin B2, is an essential nutrient that serves as a precursor to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The binding of the FAD and/or FMN cofactors to flavoproteins is critical for regulating their assembly and activity. There are over 90 proteins in the human flavoproteome that regulate a diverse array of biochemical pathways including mitochondrial metabolism, riboflavin transport, ubiquinone and FAD synthesis, antioxidant signalling, one-carbon metabolism, nitric oxide signalling and peroxisome oxidative metabolism. The identification of patients with genetic variants in flavoprotein genes that lead to adult-onset pathologies remains a major diagnostic challenge. However, once identified, many patients with adult-onset inborn errors of metabolism demonstrate remarkable responses to riboflavin therapy. We review the structure:function relationships of mutant flavoproteins and propose new mechanistic insights into adult-onset riboflavin-responsive pathologies and metabolic dysregulations that apply to multiple biochemical pathways. We further address the vexing issue of how the inheritance of genetic variants in flavoprotein genes leads to an adult-onset disease with complex symptomologies and varying severities. We also propose a broad clinical framework that may not only improve the current diagnostic rates, but also facilitate a personalized approach to riboflavin therapy that is low cost, safe and lead to transformative outcomes in many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Murgia
- The School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Ankush Dehlia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Mark A Guthridge
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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Byrne KL, Szeligowski RV, Shen H. Phylogenetic Analysis Guides Transporter Protein Deorphanization: A Case Study of the SLC25 Family of Mitochondrial Metabolite Transporters. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1314. [PMID: 37759714 PMCID: PMC10526428 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Homology search and phylogenetic analysis have commonly been used to annotate gene function, although they are prone to error. We hypothesize that the power of homology search in functional annotation depends on the coupling of sequence variation to functional diversification, and we herein focus on the SoLute Carrier (SLC25) family of mitochondrial metabolite transporters to survey this coupling in a family-wide manner. The SLC25 family is the largest family of mitochondrial metabolite transporters in eukaryotes that translocate ligands of different chemical properties, ranging from nucleotides, amino acids, carboxylic acids and cofactors, presenting adequate experimentally validated functional diversification in ligand transport. Here, we combine phylogenetic analysis to profile SLC25 transporters across common eukaryotic model organisms, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, to Homo sapiens, and assess their sequence adaptations to the transported ligands within individual subfamilies. Using several recently studied and poorly characterized SLC25 transporters, we discuss the potentials and limitations of phylogenetic analysis in guiding functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Byrne
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Yale College, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Richard V. Szeligowski
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Hongying Shen
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Xue Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhao J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhao Z, Li W, Zhang Q, Li X, Huang B, Wang X. SLC25A32 promotes malignant progression of glioblastoma by activating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:589. [PMID: 37365560 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier family 25 member 32 (SLC25A32) is an important member of SLC25A family and plays a role in folate transport metabolism. However, the mechanism and function of SLC25A32 in the progression of human glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. METHODS In this study, folate related gene analysis was performed to explore gene expression profiles in low-grade glioma (LGG) and GBM. Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to confirm the expression levels of SLC25A32 in GBM tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, and Edu assays were performed to assess the role of SLC25A32 on proliferation in GBM in vitro. A 3D sphere invasion assay and an ex vivo co-culture invasion model were performed to assess the effects of SLC25A32 on invasion in GBM. RESULTS Elevated expression of SLC25A32 was observed in GBM, and high SLC25A32 expression was associated with a high glioma grade and poorer prognosis. Immunohistochemistry performed with anti-SLC25A32 on samples from an independent cohort of patients confirmed these results. Knockdown of SLC25A32 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells, but overexpression of SLC25A32 significantly promoted cell growth and invasion. These effects were mainly due to the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that SLC25A32 plays a significant role in promoting the malignant phenotype of GBM. Therefore, SLC25A32 can be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients with GBM, providing a new target for the comprehensive treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Zide Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jiangli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xuchen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Riboflavin on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation in Hu Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010026. [PMID: 36611637 PMCID: PMC9817499 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the influences of riboflavin (RF) supply on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation in lambs. Forty-eight Hu lambs were randomly assigned into four groups receiving RF of 0, 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg dry mater (DM), respectively. Increasing RF supply did not affect the DM intake, but quadratically increased the average daily gain and linearly decreased feed conversion ratio. Total-tract DM, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and crude protein digestibility increased quadratically. Rumen pH and propionate molar percentage decreased linearly, total volatile fatty acids concentration, acetate proportion and the ratio of acetate to propionate increased linearly, but ammonia nitrogen concentration was unchanged with increasing RF supply. Linear increases were observed on the activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and protease, and the populations of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dominant cellulolytic bacteria, Ruminobacter amylophilus and Prevotella ruminicola. Methanogens population was not affected by RF supplementation. The microbial protein amount and urinary total purine derivatives excretion increased quadratically. The results indicated that 30 mg/kg DM RF supply improved growth performance, rumen fermentation and nutrient digestion in lambs.
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Palmieri F, Monné M, Fiermonte G, Palmieri L. Mitochondrial transport and metabolism of the vitamin B-derived cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD + , and related diseases: A review. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:592-617. [PMID: 35304818 PMCID: PMC9311062 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mitochondrial matrix enzymes playing key roles in metabolism require cofactors for their action. Due to the high impermeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, these cofactors need to be synthesized within the mitochondria or be imported, themselves or one of their precursors, into the organelles. Transporters belonging to the protein family of mitochondrial carriers have been identified to transport the coenzymes: thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+ , which are all structurally similar to nucleotides and derived from different B-vitamins. These mitochondrial cofactors bind more or less tightly to their enzymes and, after having been involved in a specific reaction step, are regenerated, spontaneously or by other enzymes, to return to their active form, ready for the next catalysis round. Disease-causing mutations in the mitochondrial cofactor carrier genes compromise not only the transport reaction but also the activity of all mitochondrial enzymes using that particular cofactor and the metabolic pathways in which the cofactor-dependent enzymes are involved. The mitochondrial transport, metabolism and diseases of the cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+ are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- Department of SciencesUniversity of BasilicataPotenzaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
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10
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Peng MZ, Shao YX, Li XZ, Zhang KD, Cai YN, Lin YT, Jiang MY, Liu ZC, Su XY, Zhang W, Jiang XL, Liu L. Mitochondrial FAD shortage in SLC25A32 deficiency affects folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:375. [PMID: 35727412 PMCID: PMC11072207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The SLC25A32 dysfunction is associated with neural tube defects (NTDs) and exercise intolerance, but very little is known about disease-specific mechanisms due to a paucity of animal models. Here, we generated homozygous (Slc25a32Y174C/Y174C and Slc25a32K235R/K235R) and compound heterozygous (Slc25a32Y174C/K235R) knock-in mice by mimicking the missense mutations identified from our patient. A homozygous knock-out (Slc25a32-/-) mouse was also generated. The Slc25a32K235R/K235R and Slc25a32Y174C/K235R mice presented with mild motor impairment and recapitulated the biochemical disturbances of the patient. While Slc25a32-/- mice die in utero with NTDs. None of the Slc25a32 mutations hindered the mitochondrial uptake of folate. Instead, the mitochondrial uptake of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) was specifically blocked by Slc25a32Y174C/K235R, Slc25a32K235R/K235R, and Slc25a32-/- mutations. A positive correlation between SLC25A32 dysfunction and flavoenzyme deficiency was observed. Besides the flavoenzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid metabolism being impaired, Slc25a32-/- embryos also had a subunit of glycine cleavage system-dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase damaged, resulting in glycine accumulation and glycine derived-formate reduction, which further disturbed folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, leading to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate shortage and other folate intermediates accumulation. Maternal formate supplementation increased the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate levels and ameliorated the NTDs in Slc25a32-/- embryos. The Slc25a32K235R/K235R and Slc25a32Y174C/K235R mice had no glycine accumulation, but had another formate donor-dimethylglycine accumulated and formate deficiency. Meanwhile, they suffered from the absence of all folate intermediates in mitochondria. Formate supplementation increased the folate amounts, but this effect was not restricted to the Slc25a32 mutant mice only. In summary, we established novel animal models, which enabled us to understand the function of SLC25A32 better and to elucidate the role of SLC25A32 dysfunction in human disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhi Peng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xian Shao
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Di Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Na Cai
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Ting Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Yan Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Cai Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ying Su
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Shi X, Reinstadler B, Shah H, To TL, Byrne K, Summer L, Calvo SE, Goldberger O, Doench JG, Mootha VK, Shen H. Combinatorial GxGxE CRISPR screen identifies SLC25A39 in mitochondrial glutathione transport linking iron homeostasis to OXPHOS. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2483. [PMID: 35513392 PMCID: PMC9072411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SLC25 carrier family consists of 53 transporters that shuttle nutrients and co-factors across mitochondrial membranes. The family is highly redundant and their transport activities coupled to metabolic state. Here, we use a pooled, dual CRISPR screening strategy that knocks out pairs of transporters in four metabolic states - glucose, galactose, OXPHOS inhibition, and absence of pyruvate - designed to unmask the inter-dependence of these genes. In total, we screen 63 genes in four metabolic states, corresponding to 2016 single and pair-wise genetic perturbations. We recover 19 gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions and 9 gene-by-gene (GxG) interactions. One GxE interaction hit illustrates that the fitness defect in the mitochondrial folate carrier (SLC25A32) KO cells is genetically buffered in galactose due to a lack of substrate in de novo purine biosynthesis. GxG analysis highlights a buffering interaction between the iron transporter SLC25A37 (A37) and the poorly characterized SLC25A39 (A39). Mitochondrial metabolite profiling, organelle transport assays, and structure-guided mutagenesis identify A39 as critical for mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) import. Functional studies reveal that A39-mediated glutathione homeostasis and A37-mediated mitochondrial iron uptake operate jointly to support mitochondrial OXPHOS. Our work underscores the value of studying family-wide genetic interactions across different metabolic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Shi
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bryn Reinstadler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tsz-Leung To
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katie Byrne
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luanna Summer
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olga Goldberger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hongying Shen
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Curtabbi A, Enríquez JA. The ins and outs of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor of respiratory complex I. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:629-644. [PMID: 35166025 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor of respiratory complex I occupies a key position in the electron transport chain. Here, the electrons coming from NADH start the sequence of oxidoreduction reactions, which drives the generation of the proton-motive force necessary for ATP synthesis. The overall architecture and the general catalytic proprieties of the FMN site are mostly well established. However, several aspects regarding the complex I flavin cofactor are still unknown. For example, the flavin binding to the N-module, the NADH-oxidizing portion of complex I, lacks a molecular description. The dissociation of FMN from the enzyme is beginning to emerge as an important regulatory mechanism of complex I activity and ROS production. Finally, how mitochondria import and metabolize FMN is still uncertain. This review summarizes the current knowledge on complex I flavin cofactor and discusses the open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Curtabbi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Marra F, Lunetti P, Curcio R, Lasorsa FM, Capobianco L, Porcelli V, Dolce V, Fiermonte G, Scarcia P. An Overview of Mitochondrial Protein Defects in Neuromuscular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1633. [PMID: 34827632 PMCID: PMC8615828 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are dysfunctions that involve skeletal muscle and cause incorrect communication between the nerves and muscles. The specific causes of NMDs are not well known, but most of them are caused by genetic mutations. NMDs are generally progressive and entail muscle weakness and fatigue. Muscular impairments can differ in onset, severity, prognosis, and phenotype. A multitude of possible injury sites can make diagnosis of NMDs difficult. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular homeostasis and are involved in various metabolic pathways; for this reason, their dysfunction can lead to the development of different pathologies, including NMDs. Most NMDs due to mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with mutations of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism. This review is focused on some mitochondrial routes such as the TCA cycle, OXPHOS, and β-oxidation, recently found to be altered in NMDs. Particular attention is given to the alterations found in some genes encoding mitochondrial carriers, proteins of the inner mitochondrial membrane able to exchange metabolites between mitochondria and the cytosol. Briefly, we discuss possible strategies used to diagnose NMDs and therapies able to promote patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (P.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (F.M.); (R.C.); (V.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 00155 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.M.L.); (V.P.)
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14
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Nagano T, Awai Y, Kuwaba S, Osumi T, Mio K, Iwasaki T, Kamada S. Riboflavin transporter SLC52A1, a target of p53, suppresses cellular senescence by activating mitochondrial complex II. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:br10. [PMID: 34524871 PMCID: PMC8693961 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of permanent proliferative arrest induced by a variety of stresses, such as DNA damage. The transcriptional activity of p53 has been known to be essential for senescence induction. It remains unknown, however, whether among the downstream genes of p53, there is a gene that has antisenescence function. Our recent studies have indicated that the expression of SLC52A1 (also known as GPR172B/RFVT1), a riboflavin transporter, is up-regulated specifically in senescent cells depending on p53, but the relationship between senescence and SLC52A1 or riboflavin has not been described. Here, we examined the role of SLC52A1 in senescence. We found that knockdown of SLC52A1 promoted senescence phenotypes induced by DNA damage in tumor and normal cells. The senescence suppressive action of SLC52A1 was dependent on its riboflavin transport activity. Furthermore, elevation of intracellular riboflavin led to activation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) mediated by the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex II. Finally, the SLC52A1-dependent activation of MMP inhibited the AMPK-p53 pathway, a central mediator of mitochondria dysfunction–related senescence. These results suggest that SLC52A1 contributes to suppress senescence through the uptake of riboflavin and acts downstream of p53 as a negative feedback mechanism to limit aberrant senescence induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nagano
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Awai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shione Kuwaba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Taiichi Osumi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mio
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamada
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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15
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Kunji ERS, King MS, Ruprecht JJ, Thangaratnarajah C. The SLC25 Carrier Family: Important Transport Proteins in Mitochondrial Physiology and Pathology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:302-327. [PMID: 32783608 PMCID: PMC7611780 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mitochondrial carrier family (SLC25) transport a variety of compounds across the inner membrane of mitochondria. These transport steps provide building blocks for the cell and link the pathways of the mitochondrial matrix and cytosol. An increasing number of diseases and pathologies has been associated with their dysfunction. In this review, the molecular basis of these diseases is explained based on our current understanding of their transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin S King
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan J Ruprecht
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chancievan Thangaratnarajah
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Membrane Enzymology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Alteration of Flavin Cofactor Homeostasis in Human Neuromuscular Pathologies. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2280:275-295. [PMID: 33751442 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1286-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this short review chapter is to provide a brief summary of the relevance of riboflavin (Rf or vitamin B2) and its derived cofactors flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) for human neuromuscular bioenergetics.Therefore, as a completion of this book we would like to summarize what kind of human pathologies could derive from genetic disturbances of Rf transport, flavin cofactor synthesis and delivery to nascent apoflavoproteins, as well as by alteration of vitamin recycling during protein turnover.
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17
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Welcome to the Family: Identification of the NAD + Transporter of Animal Mitochondria as Member of the Solute Carrier Family SLC25. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060880. [PMID: 34198503 PMCID: PMC8231866 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcellular compartmentation is a fundamental property of eukaryotic cells. Communication and metabolic and regulatory interconnectivity between organelles require that solutes can be transported across their surrounding membranes. Indeed, in mammals, there are hundreds of genes encoding solute carriers (SLCs) which mediate the selective transport of molecules such as nucleotides, amino acids, and sugars across biological membranes. Research over many years has identified the localization and preferred substrates of a large variety of SLCs. Of particular interest has been the SLC25 family, which includes carriers embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria to secure the supply of these organelles with major metabolic intermediates and coenzymes. The substrate specificity of many of these carriers has been established in the past. However, the route by which animal mitochondria are supplied with NAD+ had long remained obscure. Only just recently, the existence of a human mitochondrial NAD+ carrier was firmly established. With the realization that SLC25A51 (or MCART1) represents the major mitochondrial NAD+ carrier in mammals, a long-standing mystery in NAD+ biology has been resolved. Here, we summarize the functional importance and structural features of this carrier as well as the key observations leading to its discovery.
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18
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Haeussler S, Yeroslaviz A, Rolland SG, Luehr S, Lambie EJ, Conradt B. Genome-wide RNAi screen for regulators of UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with defects in mitochondrial fusion. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6204483. [PMID: 33784383 PMCID: PMC8495942 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in mitochondrial quality control and the adaptation of metabolic activity in response to environmental changes. The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has detrimental consequences for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis and leads to the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control mechanism that adjusts cellular metabolism and restores homeostasis. To identify genes involved in the induction of UPRmt in response to a block in mitochondrial fusion, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen in Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking the gene fzo-1, which encodes the ortholog of mammalian Mitofusin, and identified 299 suppressors and 86 enhancers. Approximately 90% of these 385 genes are conserved in humans, and one third of the conserved genes have been implicated in human disease. Furthermore, many have roles in developmental processes, which suggests that mitochondrial function and the response to stress are defined during development and maintained throughout life. Our dataset primarily contains mitochondrial enhancers and non-mitochondrial suppressors of UPRmt, indicating that the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis has evolved as a critical cellular function, which, when disrupted, can be compensated for by many different cellular processes. Analysis of the subsets 'non-mitochondrial enhancers' and 'mitochondrial suppressors' suggests that organellar contact sites, especially between the ER and mitochondria, are of importance for mitochondrial homeostasis. In addition, we identified several genes involved in IP3 signaling that modulate UPRmt in fzo-1 mutants and found a potential link between pre-mRNA splicing and UPRmt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haeussler
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Computational Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane G Rolland
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Sebastian Luehr
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eric J Lambie
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Conradt
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6AP, United Kingdom
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19
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One-carbon metabolism in cancer cells: a critical review based on a core model of central metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1-15. [PMID: 33616629 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (1C-metabolism), also called folate metabolism because the carbon group is attached to folate-derived tetrahydrofolate, is crucial in metabolism. It is at the heart of several essential syntheses, particularly those of purine and thymidylate. After a short reminder of the organization of 1C-metabolism, I list its salient features as reported in the literature. Then, using flux balance analysis, a core model of central metabolism and the flux constraints for an 'average cancer cell metabolism', I explore the fundamentals underlying 1C-metabolism and its relationships with the rest of metabolism. Some unreported properties of 1C-metabolism emerge, such as its potential roles in mitochondrial NADH exchange with cytosolic NADPH, participation in NADH recycling, and optimization of cell proliferation.
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20
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Chornyi S, IJlst L, van Roermund CWT, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR. Peroxisomal Metabolite and Cofactor Transport in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:613892. [PMID: 33505966 PMCID: PMC7829553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in many metabolic pathways and essential for human health. They harbor a large number of enzymes involved in the different pathways, thus requiring transport of substrates, products and cofactors involved across the peroxisomal membrane. Although much progress has been made in understanding the permeability properties of peroxisomes, there are still important gaps in our knowledge about the peroxisomal transport of metabolites and cofactors. In this review, we discuss the different modes of transport of metabolites and essential cofactors, including CoA, NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, ATP, heme, pyridoxal phosphate, and thiamine pyrophosphate across the peroxisomal membrane. This transport can be mediated by non-selective pore-forming proteins, selective transport proteins, membrane contact sites between organelles, and co-import of cofactors with proteins. We also discuss modes of transport mediated by shuttle systems described for NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH. We mainly focus on current knowledge on human peroxisomal metabolite and cofactor transport, but also include knowledge from studies in plants, yeast, fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice, which has been exemplary in understanding peroxisomal transport mechanisms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Chornyi
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Kory N, Uit de Bos J, van der Rijt S, Jankovic N, Güra M, Arp N, Pena IA, Prakash G, Chan SH, Kunchok T, Lewis CA, Sabatini DM. MCART1/SLC25A51 is required for mitochondrial NAD transport. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:sciadv.abe5310. [PMID: 33087354 PMCID: PMC7577609 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) pair is a cofactor in redox reactions and is particularly critical in mitochondria as it connects substrate oxidation by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to adenosine triphosphate generation by the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation. While a mitochondrial NAD+ transporter has been identified in yeast, how NAD enters mitochondria in metazoans is unknown. Here, we mine gene essentiality data from human cell lines to identify MCART1 (SLC25A51) as coessential with ETC components. MCART1-null cells have large decreases in TCA cycle flux, mitochondrial respiration, ETC complex I activity, and mitochondrial levels of NAD+ and NADH. Isolated mitochondria from cells lacking or overexpressing MCART1 have greatly decreased or increased NAD uptake in vitro, respectively. Moreover, MCART1 and NDT1, a yeast mitochondrial NAD+ transporter, can functionally complement for each other. Thus, we propose that MCART1 is the long sought mitochondrial transporter for NAD in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kory
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Jelmi Uit de Bos
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sanne van der Rijt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nevena Jankovic
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Miriam Güra
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas Arp
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Izabella A Pena
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gyan Prakash
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
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22
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Saneto RP. Mitochondrial diseases: expanding the diagnosis in the era of genetic testing. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2020; 4:384-428. [PMID: 33426505 PMCID: PMC7791531 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. These diseases were initially described a little over three decades ago. Limited diagnostic tools created disease descriptions based on clinical, biochemical analytes, neuroimaging, and muscle biopsy findings. This diagnostic mechanism continued to evolve detection of inherited oxidative phosphorylation disorders and expanded discovery of mitochondrial physiology over the next two decades. Limited genetic testing hampered the definitive diagnostic identification and breadth of diseases. Over the last decade, the development and incorporation of massive parallel sequencing has identified approximately 300 genes involved in mitochondrial disease. Gene testing has enlarged our understanding of how genetic defects lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. These findings have expanded the understanding of how mechanisms of mitochondrial physiology can induce dysfunction and disease, but the complete collection of disease-causing gene variants remains incomplete. This article reviews the developments in disease gene discovery and the incorporation of gene findings with mitochondrial physiology. This understanding is critical to the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Saneto
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Neurology/Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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23
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Luongo TS, Eller JM, Lu MJ, Niere M, Raith F, Perry C, Bornstein MR, Oliphint P, Wang L, McReynolds MR, Migaud ME, Rabinowitz JD, Johnson FB, Johnsson K, Ziegler M, Cambronne XA, Baur JA. SLC25A51 is a mammalian mitochondrial NAD + transporter. Nature 2020; 588:174-179. [PMID: 32906142 PMCID: PMC7718333 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria require nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in order to carry out the fundamental processes that fuel respiration and mediate cellular energy transduction. Mitochondrial NAD+ transporters have been identified in yeast and plants 1,2 but their very existence is controversial in mammals 3–5. Here we demonstrate that mammalian mitochondria are capable of taking up intact NAD+ and identify SLC25A51 (an essential 6,7 mitochondrial protein of previously unknown function, also known as MCART1) as a mammalian mitochondrial NAD+ transporter. Loss of SLC25A51 decreases mitochondrial but not whole-cell NAD+ content, impairs mitochondrial respiration, and blocks the uptake of NAD+ into isolated mitochondria. Conversely, overexpression of SLC25A51 or a nearly identical paralog, SLC25A52, increases mitochondrial NAD+ levels and restores NAD+ uptake into yeast mitochondria lacking endogenous NAD+ transporters. Together, these findings identify SLC25A51 as the first transporter capable of importing NAD+ into mammalian mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Luongo
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jared M Eller
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mu-Jie Lu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marc Niere
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabio Raith
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Perry
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marc R Bornstein
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Oliphint
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Melanie R McReynolds
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xiaolu A Cambronne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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24
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Tolomeo M, Nisco A, Leone P, Barile M. Development of Novel Experimental Models to Study Flavoproteome Alterations in Human Neuromuscular Diseases: The Effect of Rf Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155310. [PMID: 32722651 PMCID: PMC7432027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of Riboflavin (Rf) transport and metabolism have been recently related to severe human neuromuscular disorders, as resulting in profound alteration of human flavoproteome and, therefore, of cellular bioenergetics. This explains why the interest in studying the “flavin world”, a topic which has not been intensively investigated before, has increased much over the last few years. This also prompts basic questions concerning how Rf transporters and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) -forming enzymes work in humans, and how they can create a coordinated network ensuring the maintenance of intracellular flavoproteome. The concept of a coordinated cellular “flavin network”, introduced long ago studying humans suffering for Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD), has been, later on, addressed in model organisms and more recently in cell models. In the frame of the underlying relevance of a correct supply of Rf in humans and of a better understanding of the molecular rationale of Rf therapy in patients, this review wants to deal with theories and existing experimental models in the aim to potentiate possible therapeutic interventions in Rf-related neuromuscular diseases.
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25
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Riboflavin Deficiency-Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113847. [PMID: 32481712 PMCID: PMC7312377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential vitamin, the role of riboflavin in human diet and health is increasingly being highlighted. Insufficient dietary intake of riboflavin is often reported in nutritional surveys and population studies, even in non-developing countries with abundant sources of riboflavin-rich dietary products. A latent subclinical riboflavin deficiency can result in a significant clinical phenotype when combined with inborn genetic disturbances or environmental and physiological factors like infections, exercise, diet, aging and pregnancy. Riboflavin, and more importantly its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), play a crucial role in essential cellular processes including mitochondrial energy metabolism, stress responses, vitamin and cofactor biogenesis, where they function as cofactors to ensure the catalytic activity and folding/stability of flavoenzymes. Numerous inborn errors of flavin metabolism and flavoenzyme function have been described, and supplementation with riboflavin has in many cases been shown to be lifesaving or to mitigate symptoms. This review discusses the environmental, physiological and genetic factors that affect cellular riboflavin status. We describe the crucial role of riboflavin for general human health, and the clear benefits of riboflavin treatment in patients with inborn errors of metabolism.
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26
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Palmieri F, Scarcia P, Monné M. Diseases Caused by Mutations in Mitochondrial Carrier Genes SLC25: A Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040655. [PMID: 32340404 PMCID: PMC7226361 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, after the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had been sequenced, several diseases resulting from mtDNA mutations emerged. Later, numerous disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were found. A group of these diseases are due to defects of mitochondrial carriers, a family of proteins named solute carrier family 25 (SLC25), that transport a variety of solutes such as the reagents of ATP synthase (ATP, ADP, and phosphate), tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, cofactors, amino acids, and carnitine esters of fatty acids. The disease-causing mutations disclosed in mitochondrial carriers range from point mutations, which are often localized in the substrate translocation pore of the carrier, to large deletions and insertions. The biochemical consequences of deficient transport are the compartmentalized accumulation of the substrates and dysfunctional mitochondrial and cellular metabolism, which frequently develop into various forms of myopathy, encephalopathy, or neuropathy. Examples of diseases, due to mitochondrial carrier mutations are: combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, carnitine-acylcarnitine carrier deficiency, hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrillinuria (HHH) syndrome, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 3, Amish microcephaly, aspartate/glutamate isoform 1 deficiency, congenital sideroblastic anemia, Fontaine progeroid syndrome, and citrullinemia type II. Here, we review all the mitochondrial carrier-related diseases known until now, focusing on the connections between the molecular basis, altered metabolism, and phenotypes of these inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-0805443323 (F.P.)
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-0805443323 (F.P.)
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27
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Eudy BJ, McDermott CE, Fernandez G, Mathews CE, Lai J, da Silva RP. Disruption of hepatic one-carbon metabolism impairs mitochondrial function and enhances macrophage activity in methionine-choline-deficient mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 81:108381. [PMID: 32422424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism is a collection of metabolic cycles that supports methylation and provides one-carbon bound folates for the de novo synthesis of purine and thymidine nucleotides. The methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to form choline has been extensively studied in the context of fatty liver disease. However, the role of one-carbon metabolism in supporting nucleotide synthesis during liver damage has not been addressed. The objective of this study is to determine how the disruption of one-carbon metabolism influences nucleotide metabolism in the liver after dietary methionine and choline restriction. Mice (n=8) were fed a methionine-choline-deficient or control diet for 3 weeks. We treated mice with the compound alloxazine (0.5 mg/kg), a known adenosine receptor antagonist, every second day during the final week of feeding to probe the function of adenosine signaling during liver damage. We found that concentrations of several hepatic nucleotides were significantly lower in methionine- and choline-deficient mice vs. controls (adenine: 13.9±0.7 vs. 10.1±0.6, guanine: 1.8±0.1 vs. 1.4±0.1, thymidine: 0.0122±0.0027 vs. 0.0059±0.0027 nmol/mg dry tissue). Treatment of alloxazine caused a specific decrease in thymidine nucleotides, decrease in mitochondrial content in the liver and exacerbation of steatohepatitis as shown by the increased hepatic lipid content and altered macrophage morphology. This study demonstrates a role for one-carbon metabolism in supporting de novo nucleotide synthesis and mitochondrial function during liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Caitlin E McDermott
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Gabriel Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA.
| | - Robin P da Silva
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
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28
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Santoro V, Kovalenko I, Vriens K, Christen S, Bernthaler A, Haegebarth A, Fendt SM, Christian S. SLC25A32 sustains cancer cell proliferation by regulating flavin adenine nucleotide (FAD) metabolism. Oncotarget 2020; 11:801-812. [PMID: 32166001 PMCID: PMC7055544 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC25A32 is a member of the solute carrier 25 family of mitochondrial transporters. SLC25A32 transports tetrahydrofolate (THF) as well as FAD into mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism and redox balance. While it is known that cancer cells require one-carbon and FAD-dependent mitochondrial metabolism to sustain cell proliferation, the role of SLC25A32 in cancer cell growth remains unexplored. Our results indicate that the SLC25A32 gene is highly amplified in different tumors and that amplification correlates with increased mRNA expression and reduced patients´ survival. siRNA-mediated knock-down and CRISPR-mediated knock-out of SLC25A32 in cancer cells of different origins, resulted in the identification of cell lines sensitive and resistant to SLC25A32 inhibition. Mechanistically, tracing of deuterated serine revealed that SLC25A32 knock-down does not affect the mitochondrial/cytosolic folate flux as measured by Liquid Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Instead, SLC25A32 inhibition results in a respiratory chain dysfunction at the FAD-dependent complex II enzyme, induction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), which impairs cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) treatment further sensitizes cells to ROS-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation upon SLC25A32 knock-down. Treatment of cells with the FAD precursor riboflavin and with GSH rescues cancer cell proliferation upon SLC25A32 down-regulation. Our results indicate that the reduction of mitochondrial FAD concentrations by targeting SLC25A32 has potential clinical applications as a single agent or in combination with approved cancer drugs that lead to increased oxidative stress and reduced tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Bayer AG, Drug Discovery, Berlin 13353, Germany.,Current address: University of Michigan, Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Kim Vriens
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Stefan Christen
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven 3000, Belgium
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29
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Schimunek L, Namas RA, Yin J, Barclay D, Liu D, El-Dehaibi F, Abboud A, Cohen M, Zamora R, Billiar TR, Vodovotz Y. MPPED2 Polymorphism Is Associated With Altered Systemic Inflammation and Adverse Trauma Outcomes. Front Genet 2019; 10:1115. [PMID: 31781170 PMCID: PMC6857553 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. It is unclear why some trauma victims follow a complicated clinical course and die, while others, with apparently similar injury characteristics, do not. Interpatient genomic differences, in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been associated previously with adverse outcomes after trauma. Recently, we identified seven novel SNPs associated with mortality following trauma. The aim of the present study was to determine if one or more of these SNPs was also associated with worse clinical outcomes and altered inflammatory trajectories in trauma survivors. Accordingly, of 413 trauma survivors, DNA samples, full blood samples, and clinical data were collected at multiple time points in the first 24 h and then daily over 7 days following hospital admission. Subsequently, single-SNP groups were created and outcomes, such as hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and requirement for mechanical ventilation, were compared. Across a broad range of Injury Severity Scores (ISS), patients carrying the rs2065418 TT SNP in the metallophosphoesterase domain-containing 2 (MPPED2) gene exhibited higher Marshall MODScores vs. the control group of rs2065418 TG/GG patients. In patients with high-severity trauma (ISS ≥ 25, n = 94), those carrying the rs2065418 TT SNP in MPPED2 exhibited higher Marshall MODScores, longer hospital LOS (21.8 ± 2 days), a greater requirement for mechanical ventilation (9.2 ± 1.4 days on ventilator, DOV), and higher creatinine plasma levels over 7 days vs. the control group of rs2065418 TG/GG high-severity trauma patients (LOS: 15.9 ± 1.2 days, p = 0.03; DOV: 5.7 ± 1 days, p = 0.04; plasma creatinine; p < 0.0001 MODScore: p = 0.0003). Furthermore, rs2065418 TT patients with ISS ≥ 25 had significantly different plasma levels of nine circulating inflammatory mediators and elevated dynamic network complexity. These studies suggest that the rs2065418 TT genotype in the MPPED2 gene is associated with altered systemic inflammation, increased organ dysfunction, and greater hospital resource utilization. A screening for this specific SNP at admission might stratify severely injured patients regarding their lung and kidney function and clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schimunek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rami A Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jinling Yin
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Derek Barclay
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Fayten El-Dehaibi
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Abboud
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation and Regeneration Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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30
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Balasubramaniam S, Christodoulou J, Rahman S. Disorders of riboflavin metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:608-619. [PMID: 30680745 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin (vitamin B2), a water-soluble vitamin, is an essential nutrient in higher organisms as it is not endogenously synthesised, with requirements being met principally by dietary intake. Tissue-specific transporter proteins direct riboflavin to the intracellular machinery responsible for the biosynthesis of the flavocoenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). These flavocoenzymes play a vital role in ensuring the functionality of a multitude of flavoproteins involved in bioenergetics, redox homeostasis, DNA repair, chromatin remodelling, protein folding, apoptosis, and other physiologically relevant processes. Hence, it is not surprising that the impairment of flavin homeostasis in humans may lead to multisystem dysfunction including neuromuscular disorders, anaemia, abnormal fetal development, and cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide an overview of riboflavin absorption, transport, and metabolism. We then focus on the clinical and biochemical features associated with biallelic FLAD1 mutations leading to FAD synthase deficiency, the only known primary defect in flavocoenzyme synthesis, in addition to providing an overview of clinical disorders associated with nutritional deficiency of riboflavin and primary defects of riboflavin transport. Finally, we give a brief overview of disorders of the cellular flavoproteome. Because riboflavin therapy may be beneficial in a number of primary or secondary disorders of the cellular flavoproteome, early recognition and prompt management of these disorders is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Balasubramaniam
- Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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31
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Zheng Y, Cantley LC. Toward a better understanding of folate metabolism in health and disease. J Exp Med 2019; 216:253-266. [PMID: 30587505 PMCID: PMC6363433 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate metabolism is crucial for many biochemical processes, including purine and thymidine monophosphate (dTMP) biosynthesis, mitochondrial protein translation, and methionine regeneration. These biochemical processes in turn support critical cellular functions such as cell proliferation, mitochondrial respiration, and epigenetic regulation. Not surprisingly, abnormal folate metabolism has been causally linked with a myriad of diseases. In this review, we provide a historical perspective, delve into folate chemistry that is often overlooked, and point out various missing links and underdeveloped areas in folate metabolism for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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An Enrichment Strategy Yields Seven Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Mortality and Altered Th17 Responses Following Blunt Trauma. Shock 2019; 49:259-268. [PMID: 28930911 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trauma is the leading cause of death worldwide for individuals under the age of 55. Interpatient genomic differences, in the form of candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been associated previously with adverse outcomes after trauma. However, the utility of these SNPs to predict outcomes based on a meaningful endpoint such as survival is as yet undefined. We hypothesized that specific SNP haplotypes could segregate trauma survivors from non-survivors. Genomic DNA samples were obtained from 453 blunt trauma patients, for whom complete daily clinical and biomarker data were available for 397. Of these, 13 patients were non-survivors and the remaining 384 were survivors. All 397 DNA samples were amplified, fragmented, and examined for 551,839 SNPs using the Illumina Infinium CoreExome-24 v1.1 BeadChip (Illumina). To enrich for likely important SNPs, we initially compared SNPs of the 13 non-survivors versus 13 matched survivors, who were matched algorithmically for injury severity score (ISS), age, and gender ratio. This initial enrichment yielded 126 SNPs; a further comparison to the haplotypes of the remaining 371 survivors yielded a final total of 7 SNPs that distinguished survivors from non-survivors. Furthermore, severely injured survivors with the same seven SNPs as non-survivor exhibited distinct inflammatory responses from similarly injured survivors without those SNPs, and specifically had evidence of altered Th17 cell phenotypes based on computational modeling. These studies suggest an interaction among genetic polymorphism, injury severity, and initial inflammatory responses in driving trauma outcomes.
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Myopathy with MTCYB mutation mimicking Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018; 174:731-735. [PMID: 30318261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe two patients with mitochondrial DNA mutations in the gene encoding cytochrome b (m.15579A>G, p.Tyr278Cys and m.15045G>A p.Arg100Gln), which presented as a pure myopathic form (exercise intolerance), with an onset in childhood. Diagnosis was delayed, because acylcarnitine profile showed an increase in medium and long-chain acylcarnitines, suggestive of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, riboflavin transporter deficiency or FAD metabolism disorder. Implication of cytochrome b in fatty acid oxidation, and physiopathology of the mutations are discussed.
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Kim J, Lei Y, Guo J, Kim SE, Wlodarczyk BJ, Cabrera RM, Lin YL, Nilsson TK, Zhang T, Ren A, Wang L, Yuan Z, Zheng YF, Wang HY, Finnell RH. Formate rescues neural tube defects caused by mutations in Slc25a32. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4690-4695. [PMID: 29666258 PMCID: PMC5939102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800138115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation significantly reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs). Unfortunately, some NTDs are FA resistant, and as such, NTDs remain a global public health concern. Previous studies have identified SLC25A32 as a mitochondrial folate transporter (MFT), which is capable of transferring tetrahydrofolate (THF) from cellular cytoplasm to the mitochondria in vitro. Herein, we show that gene trap inactivation of Slc25a32 (Mft) in mice induces NTDs that are folate (5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 5-mTHF) resistant yet are preventable by formate supplementation. Slc25a32gt/gt embryos die in utero with 100% penetrant cranial NTDs. 5-mTHF supplementation failed to promote normal neural tube closure (NTC) in mutant embryos, while formate supplementation enabled the majority (78%) of knockout embryos to complete NTC. A parallel genetic study in human subjects with NTDs identified biallelic loss of function SLC25A32 variants in a cranial NTD case. These data demonstrate that the loss of functional Slc25a32 results in cranial NTDs in mice and has also been observed in a human NTD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723
| | - Yunping Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78723
| | - Jin Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78723
| | - Bogdan J Wlodarczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78723
| | - Robert M Cabrera
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78723
| | - Ying Linda Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78723
| | - Torbjorn K Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umea University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 117004 Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Fang Zheng
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, 20043 Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Reproduction & Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, 20043 Shanghai, China;
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of National Population and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Reproduction & Development and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78723;
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics & Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China
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SLC25 Family Member Genetic Interactions Identify a Role for HEM25 in Yeast Electron Transport Chain Stability. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:1861-1873. [PMID: 28404662 PMCID: PMC5473764 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The SLC25 family member SLC25A38 (Hem25 in yeast) was recently identified as a mitochondrial glycine transporter that provides substrate to initiate heme/hemoglobin synthesis. Mutations in the human SLC25A38 gene cause congenital sideroblastic anemia. The full extent to which SLC25 family members coregulate heme synthesis with other mitochondrial functions is not clear. In this study, we surveyed 29 nonessential SLC25 family members in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for their ability to support growth in the presence and absence of HEM25. Six SLC25 family members were identified that were required for growth or for heme synthesis in cells lacking Hem25 function. Importantly, we determined that loss of function of the SLC25 family member Flx1, which imports FAD into mitochondria, together with loss of function of Hem25, resulted in inability to grow on media that required yeast cells to supply energy using mitochondrial respiration. We report that specific components of complexes of the electron transport chain are decreased in the absence of Flx1 and Hem25 function. In addition, we show that mitochondria from flx1Δ hem25Δ cells contain uncharacterized Cox2-containing high molecular weight aggregates. The functions of Flx1 and Hem25 provide a facile explanation for the decrease in heme level, and in specific electron transport chain complex components.
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Novel SLC25A32 mutation in a patient with a severe neuromuscular phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:886-888. [PMID: 28443623 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In a 51-year-old patient of consanguineous parents with a severe neuromuscular phenotype of early-onset ataxia, myoclonia, dysarthria, muscle weakness and exercise intolerance, exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous variant (c.-264_31delinsCTCACAAATGCTCA) in the mitochondrial FAD-transporter gene SLC25A32. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is an essential co-factor for many mitochondrial enzymes and impaired mitochondrial FAD-transport was supported by a reduced oxidative phosphorylation complex II activity in the patient's muscle, decreased ATP production in fibroblasts, and a deficiency of mitochondrial FAD-dependent enzymes. Clinically, the patient showed improvement upon riboflavin treatment, which is a precursor of FAD. Our results confirm the recently reported case of SLC25A32 as a cause of riboflavin-responsive disease. Our patient showed a more severe clinical phenotype compared with the reported patient, corresponding with the (most likely) complete absence of the SLC25A32-encoding MFT (Mitochondrial Folate Transporter) protein.
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Barile M, Giancaspero TA, Leone P, Galluccio M, Indiveri C. Riboflavin transport and metabolism in humans. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:545-57. [PMID: 27271694 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-016-9950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies elucidated how riboflavin transporters and FAD forming enzymes work in humans and create a coordinated flavin network ensuring the maintenance of cellular flavoproteome. Alteration of this network may be causative of severe metabolic disorders such as multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) or Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome. A crucial step in the maintenance of FAD homeostasis is riboflavin uptake by plasma and mitochondrial membranes. Therefore, studies on recently identified human plasma membrane riboflavin transporters are presented, together with those in which still unidentified mitochondrial riboflavin transporter(s) have been described. A main goal of future research is to fill the gaps still existing as for some transcriptional, functional and structural details of human FAD synthases (FADS) encoded by FLAD1 gene, a novel "redox sensing" enzyme. In the frame of the hypothesis that FADS, acting as a "FAD chaperone", could play a crucial role in the biogenesis of mitochondrial flavo-proteome, several basic functional aspects of flavin cofactor delivery to cognate apo-flavoenzyme are also briefly dealt with. The establishment of model organisms performing altered FAD homeostasis will improve the molecular description of human pathologies. The molecular and functional studies of transporters and enzymes herereported, provide guidelines for improving therapies which may have beneficial effects on the altered metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barile
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, I-70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Teresa Anna Giancaspero
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Leone
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, I-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Dipartimento DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unità di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Università della Calabria, via Bucci 4c, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Dipartimento DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unità di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Molecolari, Università della Calabria, via Bucci 4c, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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38
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Schiff M, Veauville-Merllié A, Su CH, Tzagoloff A, Rak M, Ogier de Baulny H, Boutron A, Smedts-Walters H, Romero NB, Rigal O, Rustin P, Vianey-Saban C, Acquaviva-Bourdain C. SLC25A32 Mutations and Riboflavin-Responsive Exercise Intolerance. N Engl J Med 2016; 374:795-7. [PMID: 26933868 PMCID: PMC4867164 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1513610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hélène Smedts-Walters
- University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Odile Rigal
- Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
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Pinto JT, Cooper AJL. From cholesterogenesis to steroidogenesis: role of riboflavin and flavoenzymes in the biosynthesis of vitamin D. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:144-63. [PMID: 24618756 PMCID: PMC3951797 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavin-dependent monooxygenases and oxidoreductases are located at critical branch points in the biosynthesis and metabolism of cholesterol and vitamin D. These flavoproteins function as obligatory intermediates that accept 2 electrons from NAD(P)H with subsequent 1-electron transfers to a variety of cytochrome P450 (CYP) heme proteins within the mitochondria matrix (type I) and the (microsomal) endoplasmic reticulum (type II). The mode of electron transfer in these systems differs slightly in the number and form of the flavin prosthetic moiety. In the type I mitochondrial system, FAD-adrenodoxin reductase interfaces with adrenodoxin before electron transfer to CYP heme proteins. In the microsomal type II system, a diflavin (FAD/FMN)-dependent cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase [NAD(P)H-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR)] donates electrons to a multitude of heme oxygenases. Both flavoenzyme complexes exhibit a commonality of function with all CYP enzymes and are crucial for maintaining a balance of cholesterol and vitamin D metabolites. Deficits in riboflavin availability, imbalances in the intracellular ratio of FAD to FMN, and mutations that affect flavin binding domains and/or interactions with client proteins result in marked structural alterations within the skeletal and central nervous systems similar to those of disorders (inborn errors) in the biosynthetic pathways that lead to cholesterol, steroid hormones, and vitamin D and their metabolites. Studies of riboflavin deficiency during embryonic development demonstrate congenital malformations similar to those associated with genetic alterations of the flavoenzymes in these pathways. Overall, a deeper understanding of the role of riboflavin in these pathways may prove essential to targeted therapeutic designs aimed at cholesterol and vitamin D metabolism.
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Abstract
The mitochondrion relies on compartmentalization of certain enzymes, ions and metabolites for the sake of efficient metabolism. In order to fulfil its activities, a myriad of carriers are properly expressed, targeted and folded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Among these carriers, the six-transmembrane-helix mitochondrial SLC25 (solute carrier family 25) proteins facilitate transport of solutes with disparate chemical identities across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although their proper function replenishes building blocks needed for metabolic reactions, dysfunctional SLC25 proteins are involved in pathological states. It is the purpose of the present review to cover the current knowledge on the role of SLC25 transporters in health and disease.
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Dölle C, Rack JGM, Ziegler M. NAD and ADP-ribose metabolism in mitochondria. FEBS J 2013; 280:3530-41. [PMID: 23617329 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is intimately connected to the universal coenzyme NAD. In addition to its role in redox reactions of energy transduction, NAD serves as substrate in regulatory reactions that lead to its degradation. Importantly, all types of the known NAD-consuming signalling reactions have been reported to take place in mitochondria. These reactions include the generation of second messengers, as well as post-translational protein modifications such as ADP-ribosylation and protein deacetylation. Therefore, the availability and redox state of NAD emerged as important factors in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Molecular mechanisms and targets of mitochondrial NAD-dependent protein deacetylation and mono-ADP-ribosylation have been established, whereas poly-ADP-ribosylation and NAD-derived messenger generation in the organelles await in-depth characterization. In this review, we highlight the major NAD-dependent reactions occurring within mitochondria and describe their metabolic and regulatory functions. We also discuss the metabolic fates of the NAD-degradation products, nicotinamide and ADP-ribose, and how the mitochondrial NAD pool is restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dölle
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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42
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Palmieri F. The mitochondrial transporter family SLC25: identification, properties and physiopathology. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 34:465-84. [PMID: 23266187 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SLC25 is a large family of nuclear-encoded transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and in a few cases other organelle membranes. The members of this superfamily are widespread in eukaryotes and involved in numerous metabolic pathways and cell functions. They can be easily recognized by their striking sequence features, i.e., a tripartite structure, six transmembrane α-helices and a 3-fold repeated signature motifs. SLC25 members vary greatly in the nature and size of their transported substrates, modes of transport (i.e., uniport, symport or antiport) and driving forces, although the molecular mechanism of substrate translocation may be basically the same. Based on substrate specificity, 24 subfamilies, well conserved throughout evolution, have been functionally characterized mainly by transport assays upon heterologous gene expression, purification and reconstitution into liposomes. Several other SLC25 family members remain to be characterized. In recent years mutations in the SLC25 genes have been shown to be responsible for 11 diseases, highlighting the important role of SLC25 in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Sponseller BT, Valberg SJ, Schultz NE, Bedford H, Wong DM, Kersh K, Shelton GD. Equine multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) associated with seasonal pasture myopathy in the midwestern United States. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1012-8. [PMID: 22708588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM) is a highly fatal form of nonexertional rhabdomyolysis that occurs in pastured horses in the United States during autumn or spring. In Europe, a similar condition, atypical myopathy (AM), is common. Recently, a defect of lipid metabolism, multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), has been identified in horses with AM. OBJECTIVE To determine if SPM in the United States is caused by MADD. ANIMALS Six horses diagnosed with SPM based on history, clinical signs, and serum creatine kinase activity, or postmortem findings. METHODS Retrospective descriptive study. Submissions to the Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Minnesota were reviewed between April 2009 and January 2010 to identify cases of SPM. Inclusion criteria were pastured, presenting with acute nonexertional rhabdomyolysis, and serum, urine, or muscle samples available for analysis. Horses were evaluated for MADD by urine organic acids, serum acylcarnitines, muscle carnitine, or histopathology. RESULTS Six horses had clinical signs and, where performed (4/6 horses), postmortem findings consistent with SPM. Affected muscle (4/4) showed degeneration with intramyofiber lipid accumulation, decreased free carnitine concentration, and increased carnitine esters. Serum acylcarnitine profiles (3/3) showed increases in short- and medium-chain acylcarnitines and urinary organic acid profiles (3/3) revealed increased ethylmalonic and methylsuccinic acid levels, and glycine conjugates, consistent with equine MADD. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Similar to AM, the biochemical defect causing SPM is MADD, which causes defective muscular lipid metabolism and excessive myofiber lipid content. Diagnosis can be made by assessing serum acylcarnitine and urine organic acid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Sponseller
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Silencing of FAD synthase gene in Caenorhabditis elegans upsets protein homeostasis and impacts on complex behavioral patterns. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:521-31. [PMID: 22306247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FAD synthase is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyses the last step of FAD biosynthesis, allowing for the biogenesis of several flavoproteins. In humans different isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, isoform 1 being localized in mitochondria. Homology searching in Caenorabditis elegans leads to the identification of two human FAD synthase homologues, coded by the single copy gene R53.1. METHODS The C. elegans R53.1 gene was silenced by feeding. The expression level of transcripts was established by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Overall protein composition was evaluated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Enzymatic activities were measured by spectrophotometry and oxygen consumption by polarography on isolated mitochondria. RESULTS From R53.1 two transcripts are generated by trans-splicing. Reducing by 50% the transcription efficiency of R53.1 by RNAi results in a 50% reduction in total flavin with decrease in ATP content and increase in ROS level. Significant phenotypical changes are noticed in knock-down nematodes. Among them, a significant impairment in locomotion behaviour possibly due to altered cholinergic transmission. At biochemical level, impairment of flavoenzyme activities and of some KCN-insensitive oxygen-consuming enzymes is detected. At proteomic level, at least 15 abundant proteins are affected by R53.1 gene silencing, among which superoxide dismutases. CONCLUSION AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE For the first time we addressed the existence of different isoforms of FAD-metabolizing enzymes in nematodes. A correlation between FAD synthase silencing and flavoenzyme derangement, energy shortage and redox balance impairment is apparent. In this aspect R53.1-interfered nematodes could provide an animal model system for studying human pathologies with alteration in flavin homeostasis/flavoenzyme biogenesis.
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Lawrence SA, Hackett JC, Moran RG. Tetrahydrofolate recognition by the mitochondrial folate transporter. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:31480-9. [PMID: 21768094 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.272187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) of transport proteins facilitates the transfer of charged small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The human genome has ∼50 genes corresponding to members of this family. All MCF proteins contain three repeats of a characteristic and conserved PX(D/E)XX(K/R) motif thought to be central to the mechanism of these transporters. The mammalian mitochondrial folate transporter (MFT) is one of a few MCF members, known as the P(I/L)W subfamily, that have evolved a tryptophan residue in place of the (D/E) in the second conserved motif; the function of this substitution (Trp-142) is unclear. Molecular dynamics simulations of the MFT in its explicit membrane environment identified this tryptophan, as well as several other residues lining the transport cavity, to be involved in a series of sequential interactions that coordinated the movement of the tetrahydrofolate substrate within the transport cavity. We probed the function of these residues by mutagenesis. The mutation of every residue identified by molecular dynamics to interact with tetrahydrofolate during simulated transit into the aqueous channel severely impaired folate transport. Mutation of the subfamily-defining tryptophan residue in the MFT to match the MCF consensus at this position (W142D) was incompatible with cell survival. These studies indicate that MFT Trp-142, as well as other residues lining the transporter interior, coordinate tetrahydrofolate descent and positioning of the substrate in the transporter basin. Overall, we identified residues in the walls and at the base of the transport cavity that are involved in substrate recognition by the MFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Traba J, Satrústegui J, del Arco A. Adenine nucleotide transporters in organelles: novel genes and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:1183-206. [PMID: 21207102 PMCID: PMC11114886 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, cellular energy in the form of ATP is produced in the cytosol via glycolysis or in the mitochondria via oxidative phosphorylation and, in photosynthetic organisms, in the chloroplast via photophosphorylation. Transport of adenine nucleotides among cell compartments is essential and is performed mainly by members of the mitochondrial carrier family, among which the ADP/ATP carriers are the best known. This work reviews the carriers that transport adenine nucleotides into the organelles of eukaryotic cells together with their possible functions. We focus on novel mechanisms of adenine nucleotide transport, including mitochondrial carriers found in organelles such as peroxisomes, plastids, or endoplasmic reticulum and also mitochondrial carriers found in the mitochondrial remnants of many eukaryotic parasites of interest. The extensive repertoire of adenine nucleotide carriers highlights an amazing variety of new possible functions of adenine nucleotide transport across eukaryotic organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Traba
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Bosch AM, Abeling NGGM, Ijlst L, Knoester H, van der Pol WL, Stroomer AEM, Wanders RJ, Visser G, Wijburg FA, Duran M, Waterham HR. Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere and Fazio Londe syndrome is associated with a riboflavin transporter defect mimicking mild MADD: a new inborn error of metabolism with potential treatment. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:159-64. [PMID: 21110228 PMCID: PMC3026695 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on three patients (two siblings and one unrelated) presenting in infancy with progressive muscle weakness and paralysis of the diaphragm. Metabolic studies revealed a profile of plasma acylcarnitines and urine organic acids suggestive of a mild form of the multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation defect (MADD, ethylmalonic/adipic acid syndrome). Subsequently, a profound flavin deficiency in spite of a normal dietary riboflavin intake was established in the plasma of all three children, suggesting a riboflavin transporter defect. Genetic analysis of these patients demonstrated mutations in the C20orf54 gene which encodes the human homolog of a rat riboflavin transporter. This gene was recently implicated in the Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome, a rare neurological disorder which may either present in infancy with neurological deterioration with hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency and early death, or later in life with deafness and progressive ponto-bulbar palsy. Supplementation of riboflavin rapidly improved the clinical symptoms as well as the biochemical abnormalities in our patients, demonstrating that high dose riboflavin is a potential treatment for the Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome as well as for the Fazio Londe syndrome which is considered to be the same disease entity without the deafness.
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MESH Headings
- Bulbar Palsy, Progressive/complications
- Bulbar Palsy, Progressive/diagnosis
- Bulbar Palsy, Progressive/genetics
- Bulbar Palsy, Progressive/therapy
- Child
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/complications
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/therapy
- Multiple Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency/diagnosis
- Multiple Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency/genetics
- Riboflavin/metabolism
- Siblings
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet M Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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48
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Lopes J, Pinto MJ, Rodrigues A, Vasconcelos F, Oliveira R. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genes, AIM45, YGR207c/CIR1 and YOR356w/CIR2, Are Involved in Cellular Redox State Under Stress Conditions. Open Microbiol J 2010; 4:75-82. [PMID: 21253464 PMCID: PMC3023949 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801004010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian electron transfer flavoproteins comprise a mitochondrial matrix heterodimer, and an electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Electrons from primary acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, of mitochondrial metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids, are transferred to the matricial heterodimer and, subsequently, to the electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase, which transfers electrons to ubiquinone of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Several evidences suggest that these proteins may convey electrons directly to molecular oxygen, yielding reactive oxygen species. In this work, we investigated phenotypes of the yeast mutants affected in the orthologous genes of the matrix heterodimer (AIM45 and YGR207c/CIR1) and of the electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (YOR356w/CIR2). The mutant strains aim45 and yor356w/cir2 displayed better growth on several non-fermentable carbon sources, which depended on the component of the electron transport chain that accepts the electrons resulting from its mitochondrial oxidation. Furthermore, upon heat shock, the mutant strains presented decreased intracellular oxidation, suggesting that these flavoproteins are a source of reactive oxygen species. Other phenotypes identified suggest that AIM45, YGR207c/CIR1 and YOR356w/CIR2 can protect cells from oxidative and heat stress, which encompass increased heat stress sensitivity, superoxide sensitivity, both only on non-fermentable carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lopes
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology)/ Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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49
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Kunji ERS, Robinson AJ. Coupling of proton and substrate translocation in the transport cycle of mitochondrial carriers. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2010; 20:440-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Aires CC, IJlst L, Stet F, Prip-Buus C, de Almeida IT, Duran M, Wanders RJ, Silva MF. Inhibition of hepatic carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I (CPT IA) by valproyl-CoA as a possible mechanism of valproate-induced steatosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:792-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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