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Impaired mitophagy in Sanfilippo a mice causes hypertriglyceridemia and brown adipose tissue activation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102159. [PMID: 35750212 PMCID: PMC9364035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases result in various developmental and physiological complications, including cachexia. To study the causes for the negative energy balance associated with cachexia, we assessed the impact of sulfamidase deficiency and heparan sulfate storage on energy homeostasis and metabolism in a mouse model of type IIIa mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS IIIa, Sanfilippo A syndrome). At 12-weeks of age, MPS IIIa mice exhibited fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia compared with wildtype mice, with a reduction of white and brown adipose tissues. Partitioning of dietary [3H]triolein showed a marked increase in intestinal uptake and secretion, whereas hepatic production and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins did not differ from wildtype controls. Uptake of dietary triolein was also elevated in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and notable increases in beige adipose tissue occurred, resulting in hyperthermia, hyperphagia, hyperdipsia, and increased energy expenditure. Furthermore, fasted MPS IIIa mice remained hyperthermic when subjected to low temperature but became cachexic and profoundly hypothermic when treated with a lipolytic inhibitor. We demonstrated that the reliance on increased lipid fueling of BAT was driven by a reduced ability to generate energy from stored lipids within the depot. These alterations arose from impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion, resulting in increased mitochondria content in beige and BAT. Finally, we show that increased mitochondria content in BAT and postprandial dyslipidemia was partially reversed upon 5-week treatment with recombinant sulfamidase. We hypothesize that increased BAT activity and persistent increases in energy demand in MPS IIIa mice contribute to the negative energy balance observed in patients with MPS IIIa.
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Ługowska A, Baydakova G, Ilyushkina A, Zakharova E, Mierzewska H, Szymańska K, Wierzba J, Kubalska J, Graban A, Kmieć T, Perkowska-Sumiła B, Tylki-Szymańska A, Bednarska-Makaruk M. Elevated Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Activity in Plasma from Patients with Various Lysosomal Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:320. [PMID: 33669444 PMCID: PMC7920438 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) was reported earlier in patients with different types of mucopolysaccharidoses. DPP-IV (also known as CD26 lymphocyte T surface antigen) is a transmembrane protein showing protease activity. This enzyme displays various functions in the organism and plays an important role in multiple processes like glucose metabolism, nociception, cell-adhesion, psychoneuroendocrine regulation, immune response and cardiovascular adaptation. In order to evaluate DPP-IV in lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), we examined its activity in plasma samples from 307 patients affected with 24 different LSDs and in 75 control persons. Our results revealed elevated DPP-IV activity especially in individuals affected with mucolipidosis II/III, alpha-mannosidosis, and mucopolysaccharidoses types III, II, and I (p < 0.05). In other LSDs the DPP-IV activity was still significantly increased, but to a lesser extent. In patients with Gaucher disease, ceroid lipofuscinosis type 1 (CLN1), Niemann-Pick disease type C and A, Krabbe and Pompe diseases, gangliosidosis GM2 and metachromatic leukodystrophy discreet or no changes in DPP-IV activity were observed. DPP-IV may serve as a first-tier diagnostic procedure or additional biochemical analysis in recognizing patients with some LSDs. DPP-IV may become an object of basic research for a better understanding of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ługowska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.-M.)
| | - Galina Baydakova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Alex Ilyushkina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Ekaterina Zakharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (G.B.); (A.I.); (E.Z.)
| | - Hanna Mierzewska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Szymańska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Internal and Pediatric Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Kubalska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.-M.)
| | - Ałła Graban
- 1st Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kmieć
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Perkowska-Sumiła
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.-S.); (A.T.-S.)
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (B.P.-S.); (A.T.-S.)
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Novel biomarkers for lysosomal storage disorders: Metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:195-209. [PMID: 32561345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are characterized by the accumulation of specific disease substrates inside the lysosomes of various cells, eventually leading to the deterioration of cellular function and multisystem organ damage. With the continuous discovery and validation of novel and advanced therapies for most LSDs, there is an urgent need to discover more versatile and clinically relevant biomarkers. The utility of these biomarkers should ideally extend beyond the screening and diagnosis of LSDs to the evaluation of disease severity and monitoring of therapy. Metabolomic and proteomic approaches provide the means to the discovery and validation of such novel biomarkers. This is achieved mainly through the application of various mass spectrometric techniques to common and easily accessible biological samples, such as plasma, urine and dried blood spots. In this review, we tried to summarize the complexity of the lysosomal disorders phenotypes, their current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the various techniques supporting metabolomic and proteomic studies and finally we tried to explore the newly discovered biomarkers for most LSDs and their reported clinical values.
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Kubaski F, de Oliveira Poswar F, Michelin-Tirelli K, Burin MG, Rojas-Málaga D, Brusius-Facchin AC, Leistner-Segal S, Giugliani R. Diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidoses. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E172. [PMID: 32235807 PMCID: PMC7151013 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) include 11 different conditions caused by specific enzyme deficiencies in the degradation pathway of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Although most MPS types present increased levels of GAGs in tissues, including blood and urine, diagnosis is challenging as specific enzyme assays are needed for the correct diagnosis. Enzyme assays are usually performed in blood, with some samples (as leukocytes) providing a final diagnosis, while others (such as dried blood spots) still being considered as screening methods. The identification of variants in the specific genes that encode each MPS-related enzyme is helpful for diagnosis confirmation (when needed), carrier detection, genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis (preferably in combination with enzyme assays) and phenotype prediction. Although the usual diagnostic flow in high-risk patients starts with the measurement of urinary GAGs, it continues with specific enzyme assays and is completed with mutation identification; there is a growing trend to have genotype-based investigations performed at the beginning of the investigation. In such cases, confirmation of pathogenicity of the variants identified should be confirmed by measurement of enzyme activity and/or identification and/or quantification of GAG species. As there is a growing number of countries performing newborn screening for MPS diseases, the investigation of a low enzyme activity by the measurement of GAG species concentration and identification of gene mutations in the same DBS sample is recommended before the suspicion of MPS is taken to the family. With specific therapies already available for most MPS patients, and with clinical trials in progress for many conditions, the specific diagnosis of MPS as early as possible is becoming increasingly necessary. In this review, we describe traditional and the most up to date diagnostic methods for mucopolysaccharidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyne Kubaski
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (F.K.); (F.d.O.P.); (D.R.-M.)
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Fabiano de Oliveira Poswar
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (F.K.); (F.d.O.P.); (D.R.-M.)
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Kristiane Michelin-Tirelli
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Maira Graeff Burin
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Diana Rojas-Málaga
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (F.K.); (F.d.O.P.); (D.R.-M.)
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Ana Carolina Brusius-Facchin
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Clinical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Sandra Leistner-Segal
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Clinical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; (F.K.); (F.d.O.P.); (D.R.-M.)
- Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (K.M.-T.); (M.G.B.); (A.C.B.-F.); (S.L.-S.)
- INAGEMP, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biodiscovery Research Group, Experimental Research Center, HCPA, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Clinical Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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Fuior EV, Gafencu AV. Apolipoprotein C1: Its Pleiotropic Effects in Lipid Metabolism and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235939. [PMID: 31779116 PMCID: PMC6928722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C1 (apoC1), the smallest of all apolipoproteins, participates in lipid transport and metabolism. In humans, APOC1 gene is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE gene on chromosome 19, a proximity that spurred its investigation. Apolipoprotein C1 associates with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL and exchanges between lipoprotein classes. These interactions occur via amphipathic helix motifs, as demonstrated by biophysical studies on the wild-type polypeptide and representative mutants. Apolipoprotein C1 acts on lipoprotein receptors by inhibiting binding mediated by apolipoprotein E, and modulating the activities of several enzymes. Thus, apoC1 downregulates lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, phospholipase A2, cholesterylester transfer protein, and activates lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase. By controlling the plasma levels of lipids, apoC1 relates directly to cardiovascular physiology, but its activity extends beyond, to inflammation and immunity, sepsis, diabetes, cancer, viral infectivity, and-not last-to cognition. Such correlations were established based on studies using transgenic mice, associated in the recent years with GWAS, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. The presence of a duplicate gene, pseudogene APOC1P, stimulated evolutionary studies and more recently, the regulatory properties of the corresponding non-coding RNA are steadily emerging. Nonetheless, this prototypical apolipoprotein is still underexplored and deserves further research for understanding its physiology and exploiting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Fuior
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu”, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca V. Gafencu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu”, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Fast, sensitive method for trisaccharide biomarker detection in mucopolysaccharidosis type 1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3681. [PMID: 29487322 PMCID: PMC5829143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain recessively inherited diseases result from an enzyme deficiency within lysosomes. In mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), a defect in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation leads to GAG accumulation followed by progressive organ and multiple system dysfunctions. Current methods of GAG analysis used to diagnose and monitor the diseases lack sensitivity and throughput. Here we report a LC-MS method with accurate metabolite mass analysis for identifying and quantifying biomarkers for MPS type I without the need for extensive sample preparation. The method revealed 225 LC-MS features that were >1000-fold enriched in urine, plasma and tissue extracts from untreated MPS I mice compared to MPS I mice treated with iduronidase to correct the disorder. Levels of several trisaccharides were elevated >10000-fold. To validate the clinical relevance of our method, we confirmed the presence of these biomarkers in urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from MPS I patients and assessed changes in their levels after treatment.
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Fu H, Meadows AS, Pineda RJ, Mohney RP, Stirdivant S, McCarty DM. Serum global metabolomics profiling reveals profound metabolic impairments in patients with MPS IIIA and MPS IIIB. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1403-1415. [PMID: 28382573 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The monogenic defects in specific lysosomal enzymes in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) III lead to lysosomal storage of glycosaminoglycans and complex CNS and somatic pathology, for which the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, serum samples from patients with MPS IIIA (age 2-9 yr) and MPS IIIB (2-13 yr) and healthy controls (age 2-9 yr) were assayed by global metabolomics profiling of 658 metabolites using mass spectrometry. Significant alterations were detected in 423 metabolites in all MPS III patients, of which 366 (86.5%) decreased and 57 (13.5%) increased. Similar profiles were observed when analyzing data from MPS IIIA and MPS IIIB samples separately, with only limited age variations in 36 metabolites. The observed metabolic disturbances in MPS III patients involve virtually all major pathways of amino acid (101/150), peptide (17/21), carbohydrate (19/23), lipid (221/325), nucleotide (15/25), energy (8/9), vitamins and co-factors (8/21), and xenobiotics (34/84) metabolism. Notably, detected serum metabolite decreases involved all key amino acids, all major neurotransmitter pathways, and broad neuroprotective compounds. The elevated metabolites are predominantly lipid derivatives, and also include cysteine metabolites and a fibrinogen peptide fragment, consistent with the status of oxidative stress and inflammation in MPS III. This study demonstrates that the lysosomal glycosaminoglycans storage triggers profound metabolic disturbances in patients with MPS III disorders, leading to severe functional depression of virtually all metabolic pathways, which emerge early during the disease progression. Serum global metabolomics profiling may provide an important and minimally invasive tool for better understanding the disease mechanisms and identification of potential biomarkers for MPS III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Aaron S Meadows
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ricardo J Pineda
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas M McCarty
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from Chlorella vulgaris: in silico gastrointestinal hydrolysis and molecular mechanism. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Near-Complete Correction of Profound Metabolomic Impairments Corresponding to Functional Benefit in MPS IIIB Mice after IV rAAV9-hNAGLU Gene Delivery. Mol Ther 2017; 25:792-802. [PMID: 28143737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is a lysosomal storage disease with complex CNS and somatic pathology due to a deficiency in α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU). Using global metabolic profiling by mass spectrometry targeting 361 metabolites, this study detected significant decreases in 225 and increases in six metabolites in serum samples from 7-month-old MPS IIIB mice, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The metabolic disturbances involve virtually all major pathways of amino acid, peptide (58/102), carbohydrate (18/28), lipid (111/139), nucleotide (12/24), energy (2/9), vitamin and cofactor (11/16), and xenobiotic (11/28) metabolism. Notably, the reduced metabolites included eight essential amino acids, vitamins (C, E, B2, and B6), and neurotransmitters (serotonin, glutamate, aspartate, tryptophan, and N-acetyltyrosine). The metabolic impairments appear to emerge early during disease progression before the age of 2 months. Importantly, the restoration of NAGLU activity with an intravenous (i.v.) injection of rAAV9-hNAGLU vector led to near-complete correction of all serum metabolite abnormalities, with 201 (87%) metabolites normalized and 30 (13%) over-corrected. While the mechanisms are unclear, our data demonstrate that the lack of NAGLU activity triggers profound functional metabolic disturbances in MPS IIIB. These metabolic impairments respond well to a systemic rAAV9-hNAGLU gene delivery, supporting the surrogate biomarker potential of serum metabolomic profiles for MPS IIIB therapies.
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Hetmańczyk K, Bednarska-Makaruk M, Kierus K, Murawska-Izdebska S, Piekutowska-Abramczuk D, Pilch B, Tylki-Szymańska A, Ługowska A. Monitoring of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses types I and II on enzyme replacement therapy - Results of a pilot study. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:458-462. [PMID: 26592960 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of rare, inherited metabolic disorders which result from the lack of one of the lysosomal enzymes responsible for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Early recognition of MPS is important as it enables prompt implementation of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a ubiquitous ectopeptidase which activity has been associated with the cell surface protein CD26. Our aims were to investigate plasma DPP-IV activity in untreated patients with MPS type II in comparison to control individuals and to evaluate changes of DPP-IV during ERT in MPS I or II patients. DESIGN AND METHODS One MPS I and five MPS II patients were treated with ERT for up to 19 months. DPP-IV activity was measured in plasma with a colorimetric method using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide as a substrate. The reference intervals were observed in 17 healthy donors and in 9 MPS II individuals before ERT implementation. RESULTS DPP-IV activity ranged from 557 to 1959 nmol/ml/h (median and interquartile range: 1453 [955– 1554], n = 17) in plasma of control samples. In 9 untreated MPS II individuals, DPP-IV activity was higher and ranged from 2565 to 5968 nmol/ml/h (median and interquartile range: 4458 [4031–5161]). In 6 MPS patients receiving ERT, DPP-IV activity ranged from 2984 to 8628 nmol/ml/h. No declining tendency was observed during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS DPP-IV activity is a good, newa nd valuable biomarker distinguishing between MPS and healthy individuals. However, it is not a useful marker of treatment efficacy and is unsuitable for monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karolina Kierus
- The Children's Teaching Hospital in Białystok, The Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Disorders of Children and Adolescents, Poland
| | - Sylwia Murawska-Izdebska
- Provincial United Hospital in Toruń, Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Neurology, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Pilch
- Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Department of Pediatrics, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- The Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ługowska
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Genetics, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Langereis EJ, van Vlies N, Church HJ, Geskus RB, Hollak CEM, Jones SA, Kulik W, van Lenthe H, Mercer J, Schreider L, Tylee KL, Wagemans T, Wijburg FA, Bigger BW. Biomarker responses correlate with antibody status in mucopolysaccharidosis type I patients on long-term enzyme replacement therapy. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:129-37. [PMID: 25467058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody formation can interfere with effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in lysosomal storage diseases. Biomarkers are used as surrogate marker for disease burden in MPS I, but large systematic studies evaluating the response of biomarkers to ERT are lacking. We, for the first time, investigated the response of a large panel of biomarkers to long term ERT in MPS I patients and correlate these responses with antibody formation and antibody mediated cellular uptake inhibition. METHODS A total of 428 blood and urine samples were collected during long-term ERT in 24 MPS I patients and an extensive set of biomarkers was analyzed, including heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) derived disaccharides; total urinary GAGs (DMBu); urinary DS:CS ratio and serum heparin co-factor II thrombin levels (HCII-T). IgG antibody titers and the effect of antibodies on cellular uptake of the enzyme were determined for 23 patients. RESULTS Median follow-up was 2.3 years. In blood, HS reached normal levels more frequently than DS (50% vs 12.5%, p=0.001), though normalization could take several years. DMBu normalized more rapidly than disaccharide levels in urine (p=0.02). Nineteen patients (83%) developed high antibody titers. Significant antibody-mediated inhibition of enzyme uptake was observed in 8 patients (35%), and this correlated strongly with a poorer biomarker response for HS and DS in blood and urine as well as for DMBu, DS:CS-ratio and HCII-T (all p<0.006). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that, despite a response of all studied biomarkers to initiation of ERT, some biomarkers were less responsive than others, suggesting residual disease activity. In addition, the correlation of cellular uptake inhibitory antibodies with a decreased biomarker response demonstrates a functional role of these antibodies which may have important clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline J Langereis
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center 'Sphinx', Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi van Vlies
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center 'Sphinx', Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heather J Church
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronald B Geskus
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla E M Hollak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Amsterdam Lysosome Center 'Sphinx', Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon A Jones
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Wim Kulik
- Laboratory for Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Lenthe
- Laboratory for Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Mercer
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Lena Schreider
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen L Tylee
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom Wagemans
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center 'Sphinx', Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A Wijburg
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital and Amsterdam Lysosome Center 'Sphinx', Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Brian W Bigger
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Kurt I, Sertoglu E, Okur I, Tapan S, Uyanık M, Kayadıbı H, Ezgu FS, Aydın HI, Hasanoglu A. Serum dipeptidyl peptidase-IV: a better screening test for early detection of mucopolysaccharidosis? Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:250-4. [PMID: 24582858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of serum DPP-IV enzyme activity, urinary GAG/Cre ratio, chitotriosidase activity, total adenosine deaminase (ADA) and ADA-1 isoenzyme activity in the diagnosis of MPS. 31 MPS patients which were previously diagnosed by clinical and enzymatic analysis and 31 healthy controls matched with age and gender were included in this study. Serum DPP-IV enzyme activity, urinary GAG/Cre ratio, total ADA and ADA-1 isoenzyme activity were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.038 and p=0.006, respectively). There were significant correlations between serum DPP-IV enzyme activity and urinary GAG/Cre ratios, ADA-1 activity, ADA-1/total ADA (r=0.498, p<0.001; r=0.348, p=0.006; r=0.270, p=0.034, respectively). Area under ROC curve for DPP-IV enzyme activity was 0.988, p<0.001 and for urinary GAG/Cre ratio was 0.986, p<0.001. DPP-IV enzyme activity and urinary GAG/Cre ratio were the most significant parameters according to the univariate logistic regression analysis (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The measurement of serum DPP-IV enzyme activity can be used complementary to the urinary GAG/Cre ratio for first-line MPS screening, since it is more less prone to age and hydration related interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Kurt
- Gülhane School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdim Sertoglu
- Ankara Mevki Military Hospital, Anittepe Dispensary, Biochemistry Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ilyas Okur
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Tapan
- Gülhane School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Uyanık
- Gülhane School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kayadıbı
- Adana Military Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Suheyl Ezgu
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Alev Hasanoglu
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Ankara, Turkey
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Naughton BJ, Duncan FJ, Murrey D, Ware T, Meadows A, McCarty DM, Fu H. Amyloidosis, synucleinopathy, and prion encephalopathy in a neuropathic lysosomal storage disease: the CNS-biomarker potential of peripheral blood. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80142. [PMID: 24278249 PMCID: PMC3836978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is a devastating neuropathic lysosomal storage disease with complex pathology. This study identifies molecular signatures in peripheral blood that may be relevant to MPS IIIB pathogenesis using a mouse model. Genome-wide gene expression microarrays on pooled RNAs showed dysregulation of 2,802 transcripts in blood from MPS IIIB mice, reflecting pathological complexity of MPS IIIB, encompassing virtually all previously reported and as yet unexplored disease aspects. Importantly, many of the dysregulated genes are reported to be tissue-specific. Further analyses of multiple genes linked to major pathways of neurodegeneration demonstrated a strong brain-blood correlation in amyloidosis and synucleinopathy in MPS IIIB. We also detected prion protein (Prnp) deposition in the CNS and Prnp dysregulation in the blood in MPS IIIB mice, suggesting the involvement of Prnp aggregation in neuropathology. Systemic delivery of trans-BBB-neurotropic rAAV9-hNAGLU vector mediated not only efficient restoration of functional α-N-acetylglucosaminidase and clearance of lysosomal storage pathology in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, but also the correction of impaired neurodegenerative molecular pathways in the brain and blood. Our data suggest that molecular changes in blood may reflect pathological status in the CNS and provide a useful tool for identifying potential CNS-specific biomarkers for MPS IIIB and possibly other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomew J. Naughton
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - F. Jason Duncan
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Darren Murrey
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tierra Ware
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aaron Meadows
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Douglas M. McCarty
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Extracellular matrix components: An intricate network of possible biomarkers for lysosomal storage disorders? FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1258-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Clarke LA, Winchester B, Giugliani R, Tylki-Szymańska A, Amartino H. Biomarkers for the mucopolysaccharidoses: discovery and clinical utility. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 106:395-402. [PMID: 22658917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs), a group of inherited lysosomal storage diseases, are complex, progressive, multisystem disorders with extreme clinical heterogeneity. The introduction of therapies that target the underlying enzyme deficiency in a number of the MPSs has brought to light the need for biomarkers that would aid in the evaluation of disease burden and as a means to objectively measure therapeutic response in individual patients. It is increasingly recognized that due to the extraordinarily complex pathogenesis of the MPSs, achieving these goals with a single analyte, such as urinary glycosaminoglycans, is unlikely. This recognition has created an impetus for the search for clinically useful biomarkers that reflect the disease pathogenesis and that are stage- or organ-specific. In this review, the current state of MPS biomarker research is discussed, with a focus on clinical utility in the MPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorne A Clarke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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17
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Lehman TJA, Miller N, Norquist B, Underhill L, Keutzer J. Diagnosis of the mucopolysaccharidoses. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 50 Suppl 5:v41-8. [PMID: 22210670 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) often present a diagnostic challenge, particularly for patients who have more slowly progressive disease phenotypes, as early disease manifestations can be subtle or non-specific. However, certain types of bone and joint involvement should always prompt consideration of an MPS diagnosis, such as early joint involvement without classic inflammatory features or erosive bone lesions, claw hand, spinal deformities or dysostosis multiplex. All such patients should be referred to a geneticist or metabolic specialist for diagnostic evaluation. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the better the potential outcome of treatment. Each type of MPS is associated both with deficient activity of a specific lysosomal enzyme that degrades specific glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and with abnormalities in urinary GAG excretion. MPS patients usually excrete excess GAG in urine and/or have different relative proportions of types of GAG in urine as compared with age-matched normal subjects. Although urinary GAG analyses (both quantitative and qualitative) can suggest the most likely type of MPS, diagnosis must be confirmed by enzyme assay. Multiple assays may be necessary to identify the disease subtype. Correct identification of the MPS type is essential to guide treatment and management decisions.
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Batzios SP, Zafeiriou DI, Vargiami E, Karakiulakis G, Papakonstantinou E. Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the serum of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. JIMD Rep 2011; 3:59-66. [PMID: 23430874 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2011_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) represent a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders, characterized by accumulation of glycosaminoglycans within the lysosomes. The objective of this study was to elucidate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the serum of pediatric patients with MPS. Serum gelatinase activity was assessed by gelatin zymography and the concentration of circulating MMP-2, MMP-9, and of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 was measured by ELISA in the serum of seven patients with MPS (five with MPS III, 1 with MPS II and 1 with MPS VI), and healthy age- and sex-matched participants. Serum activity and protein levels of MMP-9 were significantly reduced whereas of MMP-2 were significantly increased in patients with MPS III, as compared to controls. There were no significant alterations in serum protein levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in patients with MPS III, as compared to controls. In MPS II, proMMP-2 activity and protein levels of MMP-2 were significantly increased, as compared to control. In MPS VI, enzyme replacement therapy reduced the activity and protein levels of MMP-9 up to 4 months after the initiation of treatment. The reported alterations in the expression of MMPs in the serum of patients with MPS suggest that these molecules may be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, follow-up and response to therapy in patients with MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros P Batzios
- 2nd Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Zhu P, Bowden P, Zhang D, Marshall JG. Mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins from human blood. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:685-732. [PMID: 24737629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to convey the accelerating rate and growing importance of mass spectrometry applications to human blood proteins and peptides. Mass spectrometry can rapidly detect and identify the ionizable peptides from the proteins in a simple mixture and reveal many of their post-translational modifications. However, blood is a complex mixture that may contain many proteins first expressed in cells and tissues. The complete analysis of blood proteins is a daunting task that will rely on a wide range of disciplines from physics, chemistry, biochemistry, genetics, electromagnetic instrumentation, mathematics and computation. Therefore the comprehensive discovery and analysis of blood proteins will rank among the great technical challenges and require the cumulative sum of many of mankind's scientific achievements together. A variety of methods have been used to fractionate, analyze and identify proteins from blood, each yielding a small piece of the whole and throwing the great size of the task into sharp relief. The approaches attempted to date clearly indicate that enumerating the proteins and peptides of blood can be accomplished. There is no doubt that the mass spectrometry of blood will be crucial to the discovery and analysis of proteins, enzyme activities, and post-translational processes that underlay the mechanisms of disease. At present both discovery and quantification of proteins from blood are commonly reaching sensitivities of ∼1 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
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Tomatsu S, Montaño AM, Oguma T, Dung VC, Oikawa H, de Carvalho TG, Gutiérrez ML, Yamaguchi S, Suzuki Y, Fukushi M, Sakura N, Barrera L, Kida K, Kubota M, Orii T. Dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate as a biomarker for mucopolysaccharidosis I. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:141-50. [PMID: 20162367 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-9036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase leading to accumulation of its catabolic substrates, dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS), in lysosomes. This results in progressive multiorgan dysfunction and death in early childhood. The recent success of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for MPS I highlights the need for biomarkers that reflect response to such therapy. To determine which biochemical markers are better, we determined serum and urine DS and HS levels by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in ERT-treated MPS I patients. The group included one Hurler, 11 Hurler/Scheie, and two Scheie patients. Seven patients were treated from week 1, whereas the other seven were treated from week 26. Serum and urine DS (DeltaDi-4S/6S) and HS (DeltaDiHS-0S, DeltaDiHS-NS) were measured at baseline, week 26, and week 72. Serum DeltaDi-4S/6S, DeltaDiHS-0S, and DeltaDiHS-NS levels decreased by 72%, 56%, and 56%, respectively, from baseline at week 72. Urinary glycosaminoglycan level decreased by 61.2%, whereas urine DeltaDi-4S/6S, DeltaDiHS-0S, and DeltaDiHS-NS decreased by 66.8%, 71.8%, and 71%, respectively. Regardless of age and clinical severity, all patients showed marked decrease of DS and HS in blood and urine samples. We also evaluated serum DS and HS from dried blood-spot samples of three MPS I newborn patients, showing marked elevation of DS and HS levels compared with those in control newborns. In conclusion, blood and urine levels of DS and HS provide an intrinsic monitoring and screening tool for MPS I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Di Natale P, Di Domenico C, Di Napoli D. Serum MIP-1 alpha level: a biomarker for the follow-up of lentiviral therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB mice. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:159-65. [PMID: 20162365 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU). The disease is characterized by mild somatic features and severe neurological involvement, with high mortality rates. Although some therapeutic approaches have been applied to the murine model of the disease, no effective therapy is available. Moreover, assessing therapeutic efficacy is challenged by the lack of markers to for progression and severity. In this study, we examined the effect of brain-directed lentiviral (LV) gene therapy on serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1alpha) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins in the murine model of MPS IIIB to identify novel serum biomarkers. The cytokine MIP-1alpha was elevated in MPS IIIB mouse serum, and following gene therapy, it was reduced to normal levels. For neurotrophin BDNF, the difference in serum levels between MPS IIIB and normal mice was not statistically significant; after LV gene therapy, an increase in protein was found in treated mice, although the values were not statistically significant. Our studies suggest MIP-1alpha as the first serum biomarker that could be used to monitor disease progression and treatment for MPS IIIB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Natale
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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