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Vila-Sanjurjo A, Mallo N, Atkins JF, Elson JL, Smith PM. Our current understanding of the toxicity of altered mito-ribosomal fidelity during mitochondrial protein synthesis: What can it tell us about human disease? Front Physiol 2023; 14:1082953. [PMID: 37457031 PMCID: PMC10349377 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1082953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered mito-ribosomal fidelity is an important and insufficiently understood causative agent of mitochondrial dysfunction. Its pathogenic effects are particularly well-known in the case of mitochondrially induced deafness, due to the existence of the, so called, ototoxic variants at positions 847C (m.1494C) and 908A (m.1555A) of 12S mitochondrial (mt-) rRNA. It was shown long ago that the deleterious effects of these variants could remain dormant until an external stimulus triggered their pathogenicity. Yet, the link from the fidelity defect at the mito-ribosomal level to its phenotypic manifestation remained obscure. Recent work with fidelity-impaired mito-ribosomes, carrying error-prone and hyper-accurate mutations in mito-ribosomal proteins, have started to reveal the complexities of the phenotypic manifestation of mito-ribosomal fidelity defects, leading to a new understanding of mtDNA disease. While much needs to be done to arrive to a clear picture of how defects at the level of mito-ribosomal translation eventually result in the complex patterns of disease observed in patients, the current evidence indicates that altered mito-ribosome function, even at very low levels, may become highly pathogenic. The aims of this review are three-fold. First, we compare the molecular details associated with mito-ribosomal fidelity to those of general ribosomal fidelity. Second, we gather information on the cellular and organismal phenotypes associated with defective translational fidelity in order to provide the necessary grounds for an understanding of the phenotypic manifestation of defective mito-ribosomal fidelity. Finally, the results of recent experiments directly tackling mito-ribosomal fidelity are reviewed and future paths of investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antón Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía e Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Natalia Mallo
- Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía e Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - John F Atkins
- Schools of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joanna L Elson
- The Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle uponTyne, United Kingdom
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Paul M Smith
- Department of Paediatrics, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Vila-Sanjurjo A, Mallo N, Elson JL, Smith PM, Blakely EL, Taylor RW. Structural analysis of mitochondrial rRNA gene variants identified in patients with deafness. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1163496. [PMID: 37362424 PMCID: PMC10285412 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1163496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The last few years have witnessed dramatic advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the mammalian mito-ribosome. At the same time, the first attempts to elucidate the effects of mito-ribosomal fidelity (decoding accuracy) in disease have been made. Hence, the time is right to push an important frontier in our understanding of mitochondrial genetics, that is, the elucidation of the phenotypic effects of mtDNA variants affecting the functioning of the mito-ribosome. Here, we have assessed the structural and functional role of 93 mitochondrial (mt-) rRNA variants thought to be associated with deafness, including those located at non-conserved positions. Our analysis has used the structural description of the human mito-ribosome of the highest quality currently available, together with a new understanding of the phenotypic manifestation of mito-ribosomal-associated variants. Basically, any base change capable of inducing a fidelity phenotype may be considered non-silent. Under this light, out of 92 previously reported mt-rRNA variants thought to be associated with deafness, we found that 49 were potentially non-silent. We also dismissed a large number of reportedly pathogenic mtDNA variants, 41, as polymorphisms. These results drastically update our view on the implication of the primary sequence of mt-rRNA in the etiology of deafness and mitochondrial disease in general. Our data sheds much-needed light on the question of how mt-rRNA variants located at non-conserved positions may lead to mitochondrial disease and, most notably, provide evidence of the effect of haplotype context in the manifestation of some mt-rRNA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antón Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE. Departamento de Bioloxía e Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Natalia Mallo
- Grupo GIBE. Departamento de Bioloxía e Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joanna L. Elson
- The Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Paul M. Smith
- Department of Paediatrics, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Blakely
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Phenotype of Mrps5-Associated Phylogenetic Polymorphisms Is Intimately Linked to Mitoribosomal Misreading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084384. [PMID: 35457201 PMCID: PMC9030964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified point mutation V336Y in mitoribosomal protein Mrps5 (uS5m) as a mitoribosomal ram (ribosomal ambiguity) mutation conferring error-prone mitochondrial protein synthesis. In vivo in transgenic knock-in animals, homologous mutation V338Y was associated with a discrete phenotype including impaired mitochondrial function, anxiety-related behavioral alterations, enhanced susceptibility to noise-induced hearing damage, and accelerated metabolic aging in muscle. To challenge the postulated link between Mrps5 V338Y-mediated misreading and the in vivo phenotype, we introduced mutation G315R into the mouse Mrps5 gene as Mrps5 G315R is homologous to the established bacterial ram mutation RpsE (uS5) G104R. However, in contrast to bacterial translation, the homologous G → R mutation in mitoribosomal Mrps5 did not affect the accuracy of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Importantly, in the absence of mitochondrial misreading, homozygous mutant MrpS5G315R/G315R mice did not show a phenotype distinct from wild-type animals.
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Akbergenov R, Duscha S, Fritz AK, Juskeviciene R, Oishi N, Schmitt K, Shcherbakov D, Teo Y, Boukari H, Freihofer P, Isnard-Petit P, Oettinghaus B, Frank S, Thiam K, Rehrauer H, Westhof E, Schacht J, Eckert A, Wolfer D, Böttger EC. Mutant MRPS5 affects mitoribosomal accuracy and confers stress-related behavioral alterations. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846193. [PMID: 30237157 PMCID: PMC6216279 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1555 A to G substitution in mitochondrial 12S A‐site rRNA is associated with maternally transmitted deafness of variable penetrance in the absence of otherwise overt disease. Here, we recapitulate the suggested A1555G‐mediated pathomechanism in an experimental model of mitoribosomal mistranslation by directed mutagenesis of mitoribosomal protein MRPS5. We first establish that the ratio of cysteine/methionine incorporation and read‐through of mtDNA‐encoded MT‐CO1 protein constitute reliable measures of mitoribosomal misreading. Next, we demonstrate that human HEK293 cells expressing mutant V336Y MRPS5 show increased mitoribosomal mistranslation. As for immortalized lymphocytes of individuals with the pathogenic A1555G mutation, we find little changes in the transcriptome of mutant V336Y MRPS5 HEK cells, except for a coordinated upregulation of transcripts for cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins. Homozygous knock‐in mutant Mrps5 V338Y mice show impaired mitochondrial function and a phenotype composed of enhanced susceptibility to noise‐induced hearing damage and anxiety‐related behavioral alterations. The experimental data in V338Y mutant mice point to a key role of mitochondrial translation and function in stress‐related behavioral and physiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Akbergenov
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Duscha
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Kristina Fritz
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften und Sport, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reda Juskeviciene
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen Schmitt
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Shcherbakov
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Youjin Teo
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Heithem Boukari
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Freihofer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Björn Oettinghaus
- Neuro- und Ophthalmopathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Neuro- und Ophthalmopathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zürich und Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Westhof
- Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jochen Schacht
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne Eckert
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Wolfer
- Anatomisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institut für Bewegungswissenschaften und Sport, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erik C Böttger
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Morrow EH, Camus MF. Mitonuclear epistasis and mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrion 2017; 35:119-122. [PMID: 28603048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Morrow
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom.
| | - M Florencia Camus
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Iwanicka-Pronicka K, Pollak A, Skórka A, Lechowicz U, Korniszewski L, Westfal P, Skarżyński H, Płoski R. Audio profiles in mitochondrial deafness m.1555A>G and m.3243A>G show distinct differences. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:694-700. [PMID: 25744662 PMCID: PMC4360812 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing loss is one of the most common symptoms of mitochondrial disorders. However, audiological phenotypes associated with different molecular defects in mtDNA are not yet well characterized. MATERIAL AND METHODS A large cohort of 1499 nonconsanguineous patients aged 5-40 years with hearing loss of unknown etiology was screened for mutations in mtDNA. For further analysis, patients harboring m.1555A>G and m.3243A>G were selected. Hearing status of the patients was assessed by pure tone audiometry. Patterns of audiograms (hearing threshold levels at each examined frequency) were statistically compared among the carriers of the m.1555A>G and the m.3243A>G mutations. RESULTS We identified 20 patients positive for m.1555A>G mutation and 16 patients positive for m.3243A>G change. The frequency of the above transitions was calculated in our cohort as 1.33% and 1.06%, respectively. Seventeen affected family members carrying the mutations were included into the study. Typical shape of the audiograms in patients with m.1555A>G mutation presented a ski-slope pattern, whereas the audiometric curves among the m.3243A>G individuals had a pantonal shape (a flat curve) with slight downward sloping at the higher frequencies. The differences were statistically significant. The onset of hearing loss was noted earlier among m.1555A>G than m.3243A>G patients (12.5 and 26 years, respectively). Aminoglycoside administration was declared in both groups in 11 and 4 cases respectively, and caused abrupt hearing deterioration in all cases. CONCLUSIONS A pattern of audiogram in patients with mitochondrial deafness may suggest a localization of mtDNA mutation. The pathogenesis of the audiometric differences needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Pollak
- Department of Genetics, Institut of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Skórka
- Department of Pediatrics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Lechowicz
- Department of Genetics, Institut of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lech Korniszewski
- Department of Genetics, Institut of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Westfal
- Department of Administration, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarżyński
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Kajetany/Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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Mitochondrial genetic background plays a role in increasing risk to asthma. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4697-708. [PMID: 21947849 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. To shed light for the first time on the role of the mitochondrial genome in the etiology of asthma we analyzed the mitochondrial tRNA genes and part of their flanking regions in patients with asthma compared with a set of healthy controls. We found a total of 10 mutations in 56 out of 76 asthmatic patients. Four of these mutations were not found in the control group, five were observed at a significantly lower frequency in controls, but none of the combinations of mutations detected in asthma patients was observed in the controls. Furthermore, we observed that 27.6% of the asthma patients (vs. 4% of the controls) belonged to the haplogroup U (Fisher test P = 0.00) and a positive significant correlation was found between the occurrence of the haplogroup U and the severity of the disease (Fisher test P = 0.02). Whereas further studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm these observations we suggest that the mitochondrial genetic background plays a key role in asthma development.
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Verny C, Guegen N, Desquiret V, Chevrollier A, Prundean A, Dubas F, Cassereau J, Ferre M, Amati-Bonneau P, Bonneau D, Reynier P, Procaccio V. Hereditary spastic paraplegia-like disorder due to a mitochondrial ATP6 gene point mutation. Mitochondrion 2010; 11:70-5. [PMID: 20656066 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia refers to a genetically heterogeneous syndrome. We identified five members of a family suffering from a late-onset spastic paraplegia-like disorder, carrying the homoplasmic m.9176 T>C mutation in the mitochondrial ATP6 gene. The clinical severity of the disease observed in the family was correlated with the biochemical and assembly defects of the ATP synthase. The m.9176 T>C mutation has been previously associated to Leigh syndrome or familial bilateral striatal necrosis. Other factors such as modifying genes may be involved in the phenotypic expression of the disease. The family belongs to the mitochondrial haplogroup J, previously shown to play a role in modulating the phenotype of mitochondrial diseases and be associated with longevity. Moreover other nuclear modifying genes or environmental factors may contribute to the disease phenotype. This finding extends the genetic heterogeneity of the hereditary spastic paraplegia together with the clinical spectrum of mutations of the ATP6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Verny
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, School of Medicine, Angers F-49000, France
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