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Knox C, Patterson GB, Chapple DG. Oligosoma aureocola sp. nov. (Reptilia: Scincidae) from the northern Southland high country of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Zootaxa 2023; 5285:271-292. [PMID: 37518706 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5285.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A species of diurnal skink from the Mataura Range and Mid Dome in central northern Southland, Aotearoa/New Zealand is described as Oligosoma aureocola sp. nov. It is a small species, coloured mid- to dark brown with smooth longitudinal stripes, and lives along rocky alpine ridges, low-stature shrublands, and tussock grasslands. This skink is a conspicuous species, easily sighted basking and foraging in talus or alpine plants such as golden spear grass (Aciphylla aurea).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton; Victoria 3800; Australia.
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2
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Garcia-R JC, Pita AB, Velathanthiri N, Pas A, Hayman DTS. Mammal-related Cryptosporidium infections in endemic reptiles of New Zealand. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1239-1244. [PMID: 36959486 PMCID: PMC10097775 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
New Zealand's endemic reptile fauna is highly threatened and pathogens causing infectious diseases may be a significant risk to already endangered species. Here, we investigate Cryptosporidium infection in captive endemic New Zealand reptiles. We found two mammal-related Cryptosporidium species (C. hominis and C. parvum) and six subtypes from three gp60 families (Ib, Ig and IIa) in 12 individuals of captive endemic Tuatara, Otago and Grand skinks, and Jewelled and Rough geckos. Cryptosporidium serpentis was identified in two Jewelled geckos using 18S. In New Zealand, C. hominis and C. parvum are associated with infections in humans and introduced domestic animals but have also been recently found in wildlife. Our finding of Cryptosporidium infection in endemic reptiles can help inform strategies to monitor the conservation of species and manage potential introductions of pathogens to in-situ and ex-situ populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Garcia-R
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Anthony B Pita
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Niluka Velathanthiri
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - An Pas
- Auckland Zoo, Motions Rd, 1022, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David T S Hayman
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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3
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Lubbe P, Rawlence NJ, Kardailsky O, Robertson BC, Day R, Knapp M, Dussex N. Mitogenomes resolve the phylogeography and divergence times within the endemic New Zealand Callaeidae (Aves: Passerida). Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The biogeographical origins of the endemic birds of New Zealand (Aotearoa) are of great interest, particularly Palaeogene lineages such as Callaeidae, a passerine family characterized by brightly coloured wattles behind the beak and, in some cases, extreme sexual dimorphism in bill size and shape. Ancestral representatives of Callaeidae are thought to have split from their closest relatives outside New Zealand in the Oligocene, but little is known about the timing of divergences within the family. We present a fully dated molecular phylogeny of Callaeidae mitogenomes and discuss the biogeographical implications. Our results suggest that formation of Pliocene marine seaways, such as the Manawatu Strait, are likely to have played a significant role in the differentiation of North Island and South Island kōkako (Callaeas spp.) and saddlebacks/tīeke (Philesturnus spp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Lubbe
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Nicolas J Rawlence
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Olga Kardailsky
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Robertson
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Robert Day
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
- Coastal People, Southern Skies Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Dussex
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Centre for Palaeogenetics (CPG) , Svante Arrhenius väg, Stockholm , Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Stockholm , Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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4
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Ansari MH, Cooper SJ, Schwarz MP, Ebrahimi M, Dolman G, Reinberger L, Saint KM, Donnellan SC, Bull CM, Gardner MG. Plio-Pleistocene diversification and biogeographic barriers in southern Australia reflected in the phylogeography of a widespread and common lizard species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 133:107-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Walton K, Marshall BA, Phillips NE, Verry AJF, Ritchie PA. Phylogeography of the New Zealand whelksCominella maculosaandC. virgata(Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea: Buccinidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Walton
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bruce A Marshall
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicole E Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alexander J F Verry
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Ritchie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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6
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Painting CJ, Myers S, Holwell GI, Buckley TR. Phylogeography of the New Zealand giraffe weevil Lasiorhynchus barbicornis (Coleoptera: Brentidae): A comparison of biogeographic boundaries. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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7
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Nelson-Tunley M, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. Genetic diversity and gene flow in a rare New Zealand skink despite fragmented habitat in a volcanic landscape. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moniqua Nelson-Tunley
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North New Zealand
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Di Virgilio G, Laffan SW, Ebach MC, Chapple DG. Spatial variation in the climatic predictors of species compositional turnover and endemism. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:3264-78. [PMID: 25473479 PMCID: PMC4222213 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research focusing on broad-scale or geographically invariant species-environment dependencies suggest that temperature-related variables explain more of the variation in reptile distributions than precipitation. However, species-environment relationships may exhibit considerable spatial variation contingent upon the geographic nuances that vary between locations. Broad-scale, geographically invariant analyses may mask this local variation and their findings may not generalize to different locations at local scales. We assess how reptile-climatic relationships change with varying spatial scale, location, and direction. Since the spatial distributions of diversity and endemism hotspots differ for other species groups, we also assess whether reptile species turnover and endemism hotspots are influenced differently by climatic predictors. Using New Zealand reptiles as an example, the variation in species turnover, endemism and turnover in climatic variables was measured using directional moving window analyses, rotated through 360°. Correlations between the species turnover, endemism and climatic turnover results generated by each rotation of the moving window were analysed using multivariate generalized linear models applied at national, regional, and local scales. At national-scale, temperature turnover consistently exhibited the greatest influence on species turnover and endemism, but model predictive capacity was low (typically r (2) = 0.05, P < 0.001). At regional scales the relative influence of temperature and precipitation turnover varied between regions, although model predictive capacity was also generally low. Climatic turnover was considerably more predictive of species turnover and endemism at local scales (e.g., r (2) = 0.65, P < 0.001). While temperature turnover had the greatest effect in one locale (the northern North Island), there was substantial variation in the relative influence of temperature and precipitation predictors in the remaining four locales. Species turnover and endemism hotspots often occurred in different locations. Climatic predictors had a smaller influence on endemism. Our results caution against assuming that variability in temperature will always be most predictive of reptile biodiversity across different spatial scales, locations and directions. The influence of climatic turnover on the species turnover and endemism of other taxa may exhibit similar patterns of spatial variation. Such intricate variation might be discerned more readily if studies at broad scales are complemented by geographically variant, local-scale analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Virgilio
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Shawn W Laffan
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Malte C Ebach
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia ; Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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Chapple DG, Ritchie PA. A retrospective approach to testing the DNA barcoding method. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77882. [PMID: 24244283 PMCID: PMC3823873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade ago, DNA barcoding was proposed as a standardised method for identifying existing species and speeding the discovery of new species. Yet, despite its numerous successes across a range of taxa, its frequent failures have brought into question its accuracy as a short-cut taxonomic method. We use a retrospective approach, applying the method to the classification of New Zealand skinks as it stood in 1977 (primarily based upon morphological characters), and compare it to the current taxonomy reached using both morphological and molecular approaches. For the 1977 dataset, DNA barcoding had moderate-high success in identifying specimens (78-98%), and correctly flagging specimens that have since been confirmed as distinct taxa (77-100%). But most matching methods failed to detect the species complexes that were present in 1977. For the current dataset, there was moderate-high success in identifying specimens (53-99%). For both datasets, the capacity to discover new species was dependent on the methodological approach used. Species delimitation in New Zealand skinks was hindered by the absence of either a local or global barcoding gap, a result of recent speciation events and hybridisation. Whilst DNA barcoding is potentially useful for specimen identification and species discovery in New Zealand skinks, its error rate could hinder the progress of documenting biodiversity in this group. We suggest that integrated taxonomic approaches are more effective at discovering and describing biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter A. Ritchie
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Marshall DC, Hill KBR, Marske KA, Chambers C, Buckley TR, Simon C. Limited, episodic diversification and contrasting phylogeography in a New Zealand cicada radiation. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:177. [PMID: 22967046 PMCID: PMC3537654 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New Zealand (NZ) cicada fauna contains two co-distributed lineages that independently colonized the isolated continental fragment in the Miocene. One extensively studied lineage includes 90% of the extant species (Kikihia + Maoricicada + Rhodopsalta; ca 51 spp.), while the other contains just four extant species (Amphipsalta - 3 spp. + Notopsalta - 1 sp.) and has been little studied. We examined mitochondrial and nuclear-gene phylogenies and phylogeography, Bayesian relaxed-clock divergence timing (incorporating literature-based uncertainty of molecular clock estimates) and ecological niche models of the species from the smaller radiation. RESULTS Mitochondrial and nuclear-gene trees supported the monophyly of Amphipsalta. Most interspecific diversification within Amphipsalta-Notopsalta occurred from the mid-Miocene to the Pliocene. However, interspecific divergence time estimates had large confidence intervals and were highly dependent on the assumed tree prior, and comparisons of uncorrected and patristic distances suggested difficulty in estimation of branch lengths. In contrast, intraspecific divergence times varied little across analyses, and all appear to have occurred during the Pleistocene. Two large-bodied forest taxa (A. cingulata, A. zelandica) showed minimal phylogeographic structure, with intraspecific diversification dating to ca. 0.16 and 0.37 Ma, respectively. Mid-Pleistocene-age phylogeographic structure was found within two smaller-bodied species (A. strepitans - 1.16 Ma, N. sericea - 1.36 Ma] inhabiting dry open habitats. Branches separating independently evolving species were long compared to intraspecific branches. Ecological niche models hindcast to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) matched expectations from the genetic datasets for A. zelandica and A. strepitans, suggesting that the range of A. zelandica was greatly reduced while A. strepitans refugia were more extensive. However, no LGM habitat could be reconstructed for A. cingulata and N. sericea, suggesting survival in microhabitats not detectable with our downscaled climate data. CONCLUSIONS Unlike the large and continuous diversification exhibited by the Kikihia-Maoricicada-Rhodopsalta clade, the contemporaneous Amphipsalta-Notopsalta lineage contains four comparatively old (early branching) species that show only recent diversification. This indicates either a long period of stasis with no speciation, or one or more bouts of extinction that have pruned the radiation. Within Amphipsalta-Notopsalta, greater population structure is found in dry-open-habitat species versus forest specialists. We attribute this difference to the fact that NZ lowland forests were repeatedly reduced in extent during glacial periods, while steep, open habitats likely became more available during late Pleistocene uplift.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Marshall
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Kathy B R Hill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Katharine A Marske
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colleen Chambers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Thomas R Buckley
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chris Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Chapple DG, Birkett A, Miller KA, Daugherty CH, Gleeson DM. Phylogeography of the endangered Otago skink, Oligosoma otagense: population structure, hybridisation and genetic diversity in captive populations. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34599. [PMID: 22511953 PMCID: PMC3325264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic cooling and substantial tectonic activity since the late Miocene have had a pronounced influence on the evolutionary history of the fauna of New Zealand's South Island. However, many species have recently experienced dramatic range reductions due to habitat fragmentation and the introduction of mammalian predators and competitors. These anthropogenic impacts have been particularly severe in the tussock grasslands of the Otago region. The Otago skink (Oligosoma otagense), endemic to the region, is one of the most critically endangered vertebrates in New Zealand. We use mitochondrial DNA sequence data to investigate the evolutionary history of the Otago skink, examine its population genetic structure, and assess the level of genetic diversity in the individuals in the captive breeding program. Our data indicate that the Otago skink diverged from its closest relatives in the Miocene, consistent with the commencement of tectonic uplift of the Southern Alps. However, there is evidence for past introgression with the scree skink (O. waimatense) in the northern Otago-southern Canterbury region. The remnant populations in eastern Otago and western Otago are estimated to have diverged in the mid-Pliocene, with no haplotypes shared between these two regions. This divergence accounts for 95% of the genetic diversity in the species. Within both regions there is strong genetic structure among populations, although shared haplotypes are generally evident between adjacent localities. Although substantial genetic diversity is present in the captive population, all individuals originate from the eastern region and the majority had haplotypes that were not evident in the intensively managed populations at Macraes Flat. Our data indicate that eastern and western populations should continue to be regarded as separate management units. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of the breeding stock will act to inform the captive management of the Otago skink and contribute to a key recovery action for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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New Zealand geckos (Diplodactylidae): Cryptic diversity in a post-Gondwanan lineage with trans-Tasman affinities. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 59:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Frank H, Wilson DJ. Distribution, status and conservation measures for lizards in limestone areas of South Canterbury, New Zealand. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2010.520326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Frank
- a South Canterbury Museum , Timaru, New Zealand
| | - DJ Wilson
- b Landcare Research , Dunedin, New Zealand
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McCulloch GA, Wallis GP, Waters JM. Onset of glaciation drove simultaneous vicariant isolation of Alpine insects in New Zealand. Evolution 2010; 64:2033-43. [PMID: 20199559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The origin of the New Zealand "beech gap," a low-diversity zone in the central South Island corresponding with a disjunction in the distribution of many taxa, has been the focus of biogeographical debate for many decades. Here, we use comparative phylogeographic analysis (COI; H3) of six alpine stonefly genera (116 individuals, 102 localities) to test a vicariant evolutionary hypothesis for the origin of this "biotic gap." We find strikingly similar phylogeographic patterns in all six genera, with the deepest genetic divergences always found between samples north and south of the beech gap. The magnitude of north-south genetic differentiation for COI is similar across all six genera (ranging from 0.074 to 0.091), with a test for simultaneous vicariance confirming that divergence is consistent with a single evolutionary event. The concordant cladogenesis detected across multiple taxa is consistent with vicariant isolation caused by the onset of glaciation in the late Pliocene. This study thus indicates an important cladogenetic role for glaciation, an abiotic evolutionary process that is more typically associated with loss of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A McCulloch
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Chapple DG, Ritchie PA, Daugherty CH. Origin, diversification, and systematics of the New Zealand skink fauna (Reptilia: Scincidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 52:470-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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King CM, Chapple DG, Hitchmough RA, Jewell T. Dynamic taxonomy versus field identification: A dilemma for New Zealand herpetologists. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/03014220909510140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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CHAPPLE DAVIDG, DAUGHERTY CHARLESH, RITCHIE PETERA. Comparative phylogeography reveals pre-decline population structure of New Zealand Cyclodina (Reptilia: Scincidae) species. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liggins L, Chapple DG, Daugherty CH, Ritchie PA. A SINE of restricted gene flow across the Alpine Fault: phylogeography of the New Zealand common skink (Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma). Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3668-83. [PMID: 18662221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand has experienced a complex climatic and geological history since the Pliocene. Thus, identifying the processes most important in having driven the evolution of New Zealand's biota has proven difficult. Here we examine the phylogeography of the New Zealand common skink (Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma) which is distributed throughout much of New Zealand and crosses many putative biogeographical boundaries. Using mitochondrial DNA sequence data, we revealed five geographically distinct lineages that are highly differentiated (pairwise Phi(ST) 0.54-0.80). The phylogeographical pattern and inferred age of the lineages suggests Pliocene mountain building along active fault lines promoted their divergence 3.98-5.45 million years ago. A short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) polymorphism in the myosin gene intron (MYH-2) confirmed a pattern of restricted gene flow between lineages on either side of the mountain ranges associated with the Alpine Fault that runs southwest to northeast across the South Island of New Zealand. An analysis of molecular variance confirmed that approximately 40% of the genetic differentiation in O. n. polychroma is distributed across this major fault line. The straits between the main islands of New Zealand accounted for much less of the variation found within O. n. polychroma, most likely due to the repeated existence of landbridges between islands during periods of the Pleistocene that allowed migration. Overall, our findings reveal the relative roles of different climatic and geological processes, and in particular, demonstrate the importance of the Alpine Fault in the evolution of New Zealand's biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libby Liggins
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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