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Mohapatra PP, Agarwal I, Mohalik RK, Dutta SK, Khandekar A. Hemidactylus paucifasciatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new species of large-bodied, tuberculate gecko from Northern Odisha, India. Zootaxa 2023; 5301:365-382. [PMID: 37518556 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A new Hemidactylus belonging to the H. prashadi group is described herein, based on a series of four specimens from the Chota Nagpur Plateau in northern Odisha. Hemidactylus paucifasciatus sp. nov. can be diagnosed from regional congeners by its large body size (SVL up to 117.7 mm), the number of dorsal tubercle rows at mid-body, three or four bands on the dorsum, the number of enlarged tubercles in paravertebral rows, the number of femoral pores and poreless scales separating the left and right series on the femoral-precloacal row in males, and the number of ventral scales across the belly at mid-body. A mitochondrial phylogeny demonstrates that the new species is nested within the H. triedrus complex of the northern clade within the H. prashadi group, with 16.2-16.5 % pairwise divergence in ND2 sequence data from members of the H. triedrus complex and > 21 % from other members of the prashadi group. Hemidactylus paucifasciatus sp. nov. is the first endemic gecko to be described from the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush P Mohapatra
- Zoological Survey of India; Reptilia Section; FPS Building; Indian Museum complex; Kolkata; 700016.
| | - Ishan Agarwal
- Thackeray Wildlife Foundation; Mumbai; 400051; India; National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Bengaluru; 560065; India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mohalik
- Keonjhar Wildlife Division; Forest Department of Odisha; Anandapur; Keonjhar; Odisha; 758021; India.
| | - Sushil K Dutta
- Department of Zoology; Assam Don Bosco University; Tapesia Garden; Kamarkuchi; Sonapur; Tepesia; Assam; 782402; India.
| | - Akshay Khandekar
- Thackeray Wildlife Foundation; Mumbai; 400051; India; National Centre for Biological Sciences; Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; Bengaluru; 560065; India.
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Srinivasulu A, Srinivasulu B, Kusuminda T, Amarasinghe C, Ukuwela KDB, Karunarathna M, Mannakkara A, Yapa WB, Srinivasulu C. Taxonomic status of the Lesser Woolly Horseshoe bats (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae, Rhinolophus beddomei) in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Zootaxa 2023; 5301:199-218. [PMID: 37518565 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Insularity provides ample opportunities for species diversification. Sri Lanka is home to a large diversity of species, many of which are endemic but morphologically similar to species found in southern India, due to recent speciation events, suggesting a complex evolutionary history. However, in some taxa although morphological diversity has been noted, the genetic level variations are minimal. Among the wide-ranging horseshoe bats such a phenomenon is noted. In this study, we used bioacoustics, morphometric and molecular data to evaluate the relationships between the taxa of lesser woolly horseshoe bats in the India and Sri Lanka. Our study reveals that the two taxa-Rhinolophus beddomei Andersen, 1905 and here we have validated the existing subspecies from peninsular India and R. sobrinus Andersen, 1918 from Sri Lanka are genetically very close to R. perniger Hodgson, 1843. Currently the taxa-beddomei and sobrinus are recognized as subspecies of Rhinolophus beddomei Andersen, 1905. We provide a detailed description of the taxa beddomei and sobrinus as the original descriptions are limited in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Srinivasulu
- Ecology and Conservation Lab; School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Whiteknights; Reading; UK.
| | - Bhargavi Srinivasulu
- Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Lab; Department of Zoology; Osmania University; Hyderabad; Telangana State 500007; India; Systematics; Ecology and Conservation Laboratory; Zoo Outreach Organization; 96; Kumudham Nagar; Vilankurichi Road; Coimbatore; Tamil Nadu 641035; India.
| | - Tharaka Kusuminda
- Department of Agricultural Biology; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Ruhuna; Mapalana; Kamburupitiya; Sri Lanka.
| | - Chamara Amarasinghe
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Colombo; Colombo; Sri Lanka.
| | - Kanishka D B Ukuwela
- Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Applied Sciences; Rajarata University of Sri Lanka; Mihintale; Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Amani Mannakkara
- Department of Agricultural Biology; Faculty of Agriculture; University of Ruhuna; Mapalana; Kamburupitiya; Sri Lanka.
| | - Wipula B Yapa
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Colombo; Colombo; Sri Lanka.
| | - Chelmala Srinivasulu
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Studies; Osmania University; Hyderabad; Telangana State 500007; India.
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Conradie W, Schmitz A, Lobón-Rovira J, Becker FS, Vaz Pinto P, Hauptfleisch ML. Rock island melody remastered: two new species in the Afroedura bogerti Loveridge, 1944 group from Angola and Namibia. ZOOSYST EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.86299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly collected material from northern Namibia’s Otjihipa Mountains and west-central Angola allowed us to revisit the Afroedura bogerti Loveridge, 1944 group. The employment of additional gene markers, including nuclear markers, allowed us to identify two new species in the group and infer species boundaries and potential speciation events in Afroedura from southwestern Africa. The new Namibian material is recovered as a sister species to A. donveae, from which it differs mostly by the colour of the iris (copper versus black) and dorsal colouration. Material from the first elevational gradient of the escarpment in Benguela Province, Angola was found to be more closely related to A. bogerti than A. wulfhaackei. The differences between these two species are more subtle, although the new species exhibits higher mid-body scale rows (79.5 versus 74.8), different dorsal colouration and supranasal scales always in contact (versus 57% in contact).
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Ampai N, Rujirawan A, Yodthong S, Termprayoon K, Stuart BL, Wood Jr PL, Aowphol A. Hidden diversity of rock geckos within the Cnemaspissiamensis species group (Gekkonidae, Squamata): genetic and morphological data from southern Thailand reveal two new insular species and verify the phylogenetic affinities of C.chanardi and C.kamolnorranathi. Zookeys 2022; 1125:115-158. [PMID: 36761290 PMCID: PMC9836533 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1125.94060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new insular rock geckos in the genus Cnemaspis are described from Ko Samui in Surat Thani Province and Ko Similan in Phang-nga Province, southern Thailand, based on a combination of morphological and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) data. Both new species represent divergent lineages within the Cnemaspissiamensis species group. Cnemaspissamui sp. nov. is distinguished from other species in the group by having eight or nine supralabial and infralabial scales; 5-8 pore-bearing precloacal scales in males, pores rounded; 25-27 paravertebral tubercles, arranged randomly; 22-25 subdigital lamellae under 4th toe; enlarged median subcaudal scale row present; gular region, abdomen, limbs and subcaudal region yellowish only in males, and uncorrected pairwise divergences of 8.86-26.83% from all other species in the C.siamensis species group. Cnemaspissimilan sp. nov. is distinguished from other species in the group by having eight or nine supralabial and seven or eight infralabial scales; one pore-bearing precloacal scale in males, pore rounded; 24 or 25 paravertebral tubercles, arranged randomly; 23 or 24 subdigital lamellae under 4th toe; no enlarged median subcaudal scale row; pale yellow reticulum on head, neck, flanks, belly and limbs in male only, and uncorrected pairwise divergences of 9.34-27.11% from all other species in the C.siamensis species group. Cnemaspissamui sp. nov. is found along granitic rocky stream outcrops of Hin Lad Waterfall, Ko Samui, Gulf of Thailand, while Cnemaspissimilan sp. nov. occurs in granitic rocky outcrops near Ao Nguang Chang Bay, Ko Similan, Andaman Sea. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed that C.chanardi and C.kamolnorranathi are also nested within the C.siamensis species group, as previously hypothesized from morphology and color pattern characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natee Ampai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110 ThailandSrinakharinwirot UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Attapol Rujirawan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Siriporn Yodthong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Pa Phayom, Phattalung, 93210 ThailandThaksin UniversityPhattalungThailand
| | - Korkhwan Termprayoon
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Bryan L. Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USASection of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighUnited States of America
| | - Perry L. Wood Jr
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USAUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States of America
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
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Ranaraja DMAE, Mahakapuge TAN, Thilakarathne DS, Dharmasuriya JYC, Rajapakse RPVJ. Hepatic trematode Platynosomum sp. (Dicrocoeliidae) from a domestic cat in Colombo, Sri Lanka: Case report and molecular identification. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 34:100762. [PMID: 36041797 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Platynosomum is a digenean trematode causing hepatobiliary disease in cats in tropical and subtropical regions. The presence of Platynosomum species in Sri Lanka has not been previously reported or investigated. In the current study, we report a clinical case of a cat suffering from hepatic and biliary complications. Fine-needle aspiration of the biliary extract revealed a large number of parasite eggs, and the morphological and molecular identification of eggs was carried out. Molecular phylogenetics was performed using the nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and a portion of a mitochondrially encoded gene; Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit 1 (COX1). Through a combination of history, clinical signs, blood reports, ultrasound scanning, light microscopy of eggs from biliary aspirate and molecular studies, the disease was confirmed as parasitism caused by a Platynosomum like species. The Platynosomum species in Sri Lanka is phylogenetically related to Platynosomum illiciens reported from Costa Rica, Central America. This case emphasizes the importance of future studies in Sri Lanka regarding the prevalence and distribution of Platynosomum among cat populations. Further, the inclusion of feline platynosomiasis in the differential diagnoses list for hepatobiliary diseases is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thilini Anupama Nanayakkarawasam Mahakapuge
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Dulari Samanthika Thilakarathne
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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ADHIKARI OMKARD, ACHYUTHAN NS, KUMAR GCHETHAN, KHOT RAHULV, SHREERAM MV, GANESH S. Two new species of Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the rocky outcrops of the Deccan plateau, peninsular India. Zootaxa 2022; 5129:227-249. [DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The gekkonid diversity of the under-explored dry zones in Peninsular India is not yet completely inventoried, as evidenced by frequent new species descriptions. Here, we describe two new species of Hemidactylus from the dry rocky zones of Deccan Plateau viz. Hemidactylus mahonyi sp. nov. from Sandur Hills and Hemidactylus srikanthani sp. nov. from Devarayana Durga Hills, Karnataka State of Peninsular India. The new species belong to the morphologically cryptic H. murrayi Clade but differ from each other and the known congeners by a set of morphological characters and possess non-overlapping distribution ranges. Furthermore, the new species are also divergent (> 6.4% uncorrected p-distance) from their nearest related congeners, and from one another with respect to the ND2 mitochondrial gene. Recently, other new species of reptiles have been described from the two aforesaid type localities, indicating that further bio-inventories in the dry zones of peninsular India will yield more such novelties.
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Thasun Amarasinghe A, Karunarathna S, Campbell PD, Madawala M, de Silva A. A New Species of Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Sri Lanka with Redescription of H. hunae Deraniyagala, 1937. HERPETOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-21-00003.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lobón-Rovira J, Conradie W, Iglesias DB, Ernst R, Veríssimo L, Baptista N, Pinto PV. Between sand, rocks and branches: an integrative taxonomic revision of Angolan Hemidactylus Goldfuss, 1820, with description of four new species. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e64781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The taxonomy of Angolan Hemidactylus has recently been revised. However, the lack of fresh material for some groups and regions, has led to the misidentification of some taxa and an underestimation of actual diversity in others. To shed light on the evolutionary history and systematics of Angolan Hemidactylus, we generated a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the group, and updated the taxonomy following an integrative approach. This resulted in the description of four new species (H. pfindaensissp. nov., H. faustussp. nov., H. carivoensissp. nov. and H. cinganjisp. nov.), the reevaluation of two recently described species (H. vernayi and H. paivae) and the synonymization of a recently described species (H. hannahsabinnae). We estimate divergence times for these lineages, providing a preliminary interpretation of their speciation process. Moreover, we suggest and outline 13 Angolan Main Biogeographic Units (AMBUs) in the area, defining a new biogeographic context for future works on Angolan herpetofauna. We now recognize eleven Hemidactylus species in Angola, and we provide here a new morphological key for Angolan Hemidactylus to help with identifications and species assignments in this group.
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Agarwal I, Ceríaco LMP, Metallinou M, Jackman TR, Bauer AM. How the African house gecko ( Hemidactylus mabouia) conquered the world. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210749. [PMID: 34386263 PMCID: PMC8334833 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alien species are among the greatest threats to biodiversity, but the evolutionary origins of invasiveness remain obscure. We conducted the first range-wide sampling of Hemidactylus mabouia from more than 120 localities across Africa, Madagascar and the Neotropics to understand the evolutionary history of one of the most widely distributed, invasive vertebrates in the world. We used a multi-locus phylogeny, species delimitation, fossil-calibrated timetree, ancestral area reconstruction and species distribution models (SDMs) to determine how many putative species-level lineages are contained within H. mabouia, the timing and tempo of diversification, and the origins of commensality-providing insights into the evolutionary origins of invasiveness. Our analyses suggest 'H. mabouia' originated in the Miocene in the Zambezian biogeographic region and includes as many as 20 putative species-level lineages, of which only Hemidactylus mabouia sensu stricto is invasive and widely distributed, including all Neotropical records. Zambezia is the hotspot for diversity within the group with 14 species in southeastern Zambezia. SDMs suggest that H. mabouia was able to establish in the Neotropics due to habitat suitability, and globalization and the slave trade probably allowed it to cross the Atlantic. Distribution models for the H. mabouia complex overpredict the range of the invasive H. mabouia sensu stricto-highlighting the importance of taxonomy in invasive species management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agarwal
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- Thackeray Wildlife Foundation, Vaibhav Chambers, Bandra, Mumbai 400051, India
| | - Luis M. P. Ceríaco
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarita Metallinou
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Todd R. Jackman
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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González-Sánchez VH, Johnson JD, González-Solís D, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. A review of the introduced herpetofauna of Mexico and Central America, with comments on the effects of invasive species and biosecurity methodology. Zookeys 2021; 1022:79-154. [PMID: 33762869 PMCID: PMC7960690 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1022.51422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the principal causes producing detrimental effects on global biodiversity are introductions of alien species. Very few attempts to control introduced amphibians and reptiles in Middle America (Mexico and Central America) can be identified, so listings are provided for 24 exotic species, 16 translocated species, and 11 species that were removed from the introduced species listing because of lack of substantiating evidence that they are from established populations. Biosecurity methods are also identified that can be applied for preventing, controlling, and managing introduced and especially invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerry D. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968-0500, TX, USA
| | | | - Lydia Allison Fucsko
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Larry David Wilson
- Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Honduras;
- 1350 Pelican Court, Homestead, 33035-1031, FL, USA
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Sail P, Borkar MR, Shaikh I, Pal A. Faunal diversity of an insular crepuscular cave of Goa, India. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2021. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.6628.13.2.17630-17638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is the first attempt to document troglofaunal diversity of crepuscular cave ecosystem from the state of Goa. Twelve faunal species (seven invertebrates and five vertebrates) have been documented from an insular crepuscular cave which measures 18.62m in floor length and shows a transition of light and hygrothermal profile between its entrance and dead end. Absence of primary producers, thermal constancy, high humidity, poor ventilation, and competitive exclusion due to limited food resources restricts the faunal diversity of this cave; though trophic linkages are interesting yet speculative, as is typical of subterranean ecosystem. Among the macro-invertebrates, cavernicolous Whip Spider is a significant species here; whereas the important vertebrates encountered are the Fungoid frog and the Indian Cricket frog, besides roosts of the Rufous Horseshoe bat. Eco-energetic subsidy, possibly offered by crickets and bats that regularly feed outside this oligotrophic cave ecosystem is discussed. The need to document the unique and vulnerable troglofauna of this sensitive ecosystem from the conservation perspective is highlighted.
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Šmíd J, Mazuch T, Nováková L, Modrý D, Malonza PK, Abdirahman Elmi HS, Carranza S, Moravec J. Phylogeny and Systematic Revision of the Gecko Genus Hemidactylus from the Horn of Africa (Squamata: Gekkonidae). HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/herpmonographs-d-19-00010.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Šmíd
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 19300, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 19300, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1/3, Brno 62142, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick K. Malonza
- Section of Herpetology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Museum Hill Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSICut i-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37–49, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiří Moravec
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 19300, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lajmi A, Karanth PK. Eocene–Oligocene cooling and the diversification of Hemidactylus geckos in Peninsular India. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 142:106637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee KH, Chen TH, Shang G, Clulow S, Yang YJ, Lin SM. A check list and population trends of invasive amphibians and reptiles in Taiwan. Zookeys 2019; 829:85-130. [PMID: 30914838 PMCID: PMC6422934 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.829.27535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species have impacted biodiversity all around the world. Among various ecosystems, islands are most vulnerable to these impacts due to their high ratio of endemism, highly specialized adaptation, and isolated and unique fauna. As with other subtropical islands, Taiwan faces constant risk of biological invasions and is currently ranked as one of the countries most affected by invasive amphibians and reptiles. In this paper, a comprehensive checklist of all known exotic amphibians and reptiles is provided, including twelve species which have successfully colonized Taiwan and six species with a controversial status. We provide an update on the knowledge of all these species including their distribution, colonization history, threats to native animals, and population trends based on literature records, fauna surveys, and data collected during invasive species eradication and control programs. A list of species with high invasive potentials is also provided. This study reports, for the first time, a comprehensive survey of invasive herpetofauna in Taiwan, which should provide a valuable reference to other regions which might suffer from similar invasion risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Huan Lee
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tien-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Gaus Shang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Simon Clulow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi-Ju Yang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Si-Min Lin
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Nguyen HN, Lu CW, Chu JH, Grismer LL, Hung CM, Lin SM. Historical demography of four gecko species specializing in boulder cave habitat: Implications in the evolutionary dead end hypothesis and conservation. Mol Ecol 2018; 28:772-784. [PMID: 30580492 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Specialization in narrow ecological niches may not only help species to survive in competitive or unique environments but also contribute to their extermination over evolutionary time. Although the "evolutionary dead end" hypothesis has long been debated, empirical evidence from species with detailed information on niche specialization and evolutionary history remains rare. Here we use a group of four closely related Cnemaspis gecko species that depend highly on granite boulder caves in the Mekong Delta to investigate the potential impact of ecological specialization on their evolution and population dynamics. Isolated by unsuitable floodplain habitats, these boulder-dwelling geckos are among the most narrowly distributed Squamata in the world. We applied several coalescence-based approaches combined with the RAD-seq technique to estimate their divergence times, gene flow and demographic fluctuations during the speciation and population differentiation processes. Our results reveal long-term population shrinkage in the four geckos and limited gene flow during their divergence. The results suggest that the erosion and fragmentation of the granite boulder hills have greatly impacted population divergence and declines. The habitat specialization of these geckos has led to fine-scaled speciation in these granite rocky hills; in contrast, specialization might also have pushed these species toward the edge of extinction. Our study also emphasizes the conservation urgency of these vulnerable, cave-dependent geckos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung N Nguyen
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Zoology, Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academia of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hua Chu
- Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Ming Hung
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Si-Min Lin
- Biodiversity Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Mirza ZA, Gowande GG, Patil R, Ambekar M, Patel H. First appearance deceives many: disentangling the Hemidactylus triedrus species complex using an integrated approach. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5341. [PMID: 30083464 PMCID: PMC6076986 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gekkonid lizard genus Hemidactylus Oken is the second most species-rich genus of geckos with greatest diversity in the tropical regions of the world. Some species of the genus are commensal and widespread; however, there are several endemic lineages with restricted distribution. India is home to at least 35 species, with 20 endemic species and the number is steadily increasing with exploration of new habitats and integrated taxonomic approach including molecular data. We made investigations into the molecular and morphological variation throughout the distribution of Hemidactylus triedrus Daudin, 1802 based on fresh specimens, literature review, museum material and molecular data. Results from morphological, molecular and micro-CT based anatomical data are unequivocal and show that H. triedrus is a species complex represented by three species, H. triedrus sensu stricto and two undescribed taxa. H. subtriedrus Jerdon, 1854 syn. nov. was found to be morphologically similar to the type specimen of H. triedrus, and genetically embedded in a clade containing H. triedrus sensu stricto and is here treated as a junior synonym of H. triedrus, whereas H. lankae Deraniyagala is referred to as nomen dubium given that the types are presently not traceable and the original description is inadequate in diagnosing the taxon. The populations from western-central India and parts of Pakistan, and from southern Karnataka are distinct and diagnosable, and are herein described as two new species, respectively. Morphological and molecular data support the distinctiveness of the new species. The present work resolves a taxonomic turmoil that lasted over two centuries highlighting the need for studies that integrate morphological and molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan A. Mirza
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaurang G. Gowande
- Department of Biotechnology, Fergusson College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Mayuresh Ambekar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshil Patel
- Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
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17
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Lajmi A, Bansal R, Giri V, Karanth P. Phylogeny and biogeography of the endemic Hemidactylus geckos of the Indian subregion suggest multiple dispersals from Peninsular India to Sri Lanka. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lajmi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rohini Bansal
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Varad Giri
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Praveen Karanth
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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18
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Karin BR, Das I, Jackman TR, Bauer AM. Ancient divergence time estimates in Eutropis rugifera support the existence of Pleistocene barriers on the exposed Sunda Shelf. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3762. [PMID: 29093993 PMCID: PMC5661453 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic sea level changes that repeatedly exposed and inundated the Sunda Shelf characterize the Pleistocene. Available evidence points to a more xeric central Sunda Shelf during periods of low sea levels, and despite the broad land connections that persisted during this time, some organisms are assumed to have faced barriers to dispersal between land-masses on the Sunda Shelf. Eutropis rugifera is a secretive, forest adapted scincid lizard that ranges across the Sunda Shelf. In this study, we sequenced one mitochondrial (ND2) and four nuclear (BRCA1, BRCA2, RAG1, and MC1R) markers and generated a time-calibrated phylogeny in BEAST to test whether divergence times between Sundaic populations of E. rugifera occurred during Pleistocene sea-level changes, or if they predate the Pleistocene. We find that E. rugifera shows pre-Pleistocene divergences between populations on different Sundaic land-masses. The earliest divergence within E. rugifera separates the Philippine samples from the Sundaic samples approximately 16 Ma; the Philippine populations thus cannot be considered conspecific with Sundaic congeners. Sundaic populations diverged approximately 6 Ma, and populations within Borneo from Sabah and Sarawak separated approximately 4.5 Ma in the early Pliocene, followed by further cladogenesis in Sarawak through the Pleistocene. Divergence of peninsular Malaysian populations from the Mentawai Archipelago occurred approximately 5 Ma. Separation among island populations from the Mentawai Archipelago likely dates to the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary approximately 3.5 Ma, and our samples from peninsular Malaysia appear to coalesce in the middle Pleistocene, about 1 Ma. Coupled with the monophyly of these populations, these divergence times suggest that despite consistent land-connections between these regions throughout the Pleistocene E. rugifera still faced barriers to dispersal, which may be a result of environmental shifts that accompanied the sea-level changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Karin
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States of America.,Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Todd R Jackman
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States of America
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States of America
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19
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Weterings R, Vetter KC. Invasive house geckos ( hemidactylus spp.): their current, potential and future distribution. Curr Zool 2017; 64:559-573. [PMID: 30323835 PMCID: PMC6178795 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified the current distribution of five globally distributed invasive Hemidactylus species and predicted their potential and future distribution using species distribution models based on climate and elevation data. These species included H. brookii, H. frenatus, H. garnotii, H. mabouia, and H. turcicus. We show that many regions with tropical and Mediterranean climates are suitable for most of these species. However, their current and potential distributions suggest that climate is not the only limiting factor. We hypothesize that climatic conditions may affect competition and other interactions resulting in a segregated distribution of the studied Hemidactylus species. As an effect of global climate change it is likely that H. brookii will expand its range to areas that are currently colonized by H. mabouia and/or H. frenatus, while H. turcicus is likely to expand its range to areas that are not yet invaded by any Hemidactylus species. The role of species interactions in the range expansion of these five Hemidactylus species still remains poorly understood, but could be of major importance in understanding and managing these invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai C Vetter
- Cat Drop Foundation, Boorn 45, Drachten, AZ, Netherlands
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20
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Agarwal I, Biswas S, Bauer AM, Greenbaum E, Jackman TR, Silva AD, Batuwita S. Cryptic species, taxonomic inflation, or a bit of both? New species phenomenon in Sri Lanka as suggested by a phylogeny of dwarf geckos (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae, Cnemaspis). SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1282553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agarwal
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - Sayantan Biswas
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Todd R. Jackman
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | | | - Sudesh Batuwita
- Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, 95 Cotta Road, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Lajmi A, Giri VB, Karanth KP. Molecular data in conjunction with morphology help resolve the Hemidactylus brookii complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-016-0271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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A New Miocene-Divergent Lineage of Old World Racer Snake from India. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148380. [PMID: 26934509 PMCID: PMC4774991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinctive early Miocene-divergent lineage of Old world racer snakes is described as a new genus and species based on three specimens collected from the western Indian state of Gujarat. Wallaceophis gen. et. gujaratenesis sp. nov. is a members of a clade of old world racers. The monotypic genus represents a distinct lineage among old world racers is recovered as a sister taxa to Lytorhynchus based on ~3047bp of combined nuclear (cmos) and mitochondrial molecular data (cytb, ND4, 12s, 16s). The snake is distinct morphologically in having a unique dorsal scale reduction formula not reported from any known colubrid snake genus. Uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence for nuclear gene cmos between Wallaceophis gen. et. gujaratenesis sp. nov. other members of the clade containing old world racers and whip snake is 21–36%.
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23
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Torres-Carvajal O. On the origin of South American populations of the common house gecko (Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus frenatus). NEOBIOTA 2015. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.27.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Šmíd J, Moravec J, Kratochvíl L, Nasher AK, Mazuch T, Gvoždík V, Carranza S. Multilocus phylogeny and taxonomic revision of theHemidactylus robustusspecies group (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) with descriptions of three new species from Yemen and Ethiopia. SYST BIODIVERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.996264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Agarwal I, Bauer AM, Jackman TR, Karanth KP. Insights into Himalayan biogeography from geckos: A molecular phylogeny of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 80:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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A phylogeny of the only ground-dwelling radiation of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata, Gekkonidae): diversification of Geckoella across peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 82 Pt A:193-9. [PMID: 25281922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The subgenus Geckoella, the only ground-dwelling radiation within Cyrtodactylus, closely overlaps in distribution with brookii group Hemidactylus in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Both groups have Oligocene origins, the latter with over thrice as many described species. The striking difference in species richness led us to believe that Geckoella diversity is underestimated, and we sampled for Geckoella across peninsular India. A multi-locus phylogeny reveals Geckoella diversity is hugely underestimated, with at least seven undescribed species, doubling previously known richness. Strikingly, the new species correspond to cryptic lineages within described Indian species (complexes); a number of these endemic lineages from the hills of peninsular India outside the Western Ghats, highlighting the undocumented diversity of the Indian dry zone. The Geckoella phylogeny demonstrates deep splits between the Indian species and Sri Lankan G. triedrus, and between Indian dry and wet zone clades, dating back to the late Oligocene. Geckoella and brookii group Hemidactylus show contrasting diversification patterns. Geckoella shows signals of niche conservatism and appears to have retained its ancestral forest habitat. The late Miocene burst in speciation in Geckoella may be linked to the expansion of rain forests during the mid-Miocene climatic optimum and subsequent fragmentation with increasing late Miocene aridification.
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27
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Kurita T, Toda M, Toda M. Possible Indirect Long Distance Transportation ofHemidactylus flaviviridis(Squamata: Gekkonidae) to East Asia. CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.33.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Agarwal I, Bauer AM, Jackman TR, Karanth P. Cryptic species and Miocene diversification of Palaearctic naked-toed geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in the Indian dry zone. ZOOL SCR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agarwal
- Centre for Ecological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology; Villanova University; 800 Lancaster Avenue Villanova PA 19085 USA
| | - Todd R. Jackman
- Department of Biology; Villanova University; 800 Lancaster Avenue Villanova PA 19085 USA
| | - Praveen Karanth
- Centre for Ecological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560012 India
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29
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Grismer LL, Wood PL, Anuar S, Muin MA, Quah ESH, McGuire JA, Brown RM, Van Tri N, Hong Thai P. Integrative taxonomy uncovers high levels of cryptic species diversity inHemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and the description of a new species from Peninsular Malaysia. Zool J Linn Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lee Grismer
- Department of Biology; La Sierra University; Riverside CA USA
- Institute for Environment and Development; (LESTARI); Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 Bangi Malaysia
| | - Perry L. Wood
- Department of Biology; Brigham Young University; 150 East Bulldog Boulevard Provo UT 84602 USA
| | - Shahrul Anuar
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Mohd Abdul Muin
- School of Biological Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 USM Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Evan S. H. Quah
- Centre for Drug Research; Universiti Sains Malaysia; 11800 Minden Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Jimmy A. McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720-3160 USA
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720-3160 USA
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Biodiversity Institute; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045-7651 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045-7651 USA
| | - Ngo Van Tri
- Department of Environmental Management and Technology; Institute of Tropical Biology; Vietnamese Academy of Sciences and Technology; Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Pham Hong Thai
- Cam Le Department of Education and Training; Cam Le District Da Nang City Vietnam
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30
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PRAWASTI TARUNISRI, FARAJALLAH ACHMAD, RAFFIUDIN RIKA. Three Species of Ectoparasite Mites (Acari: Pterygosomatidae) Infested Geckos in Indonesia. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.4308/hjb.20.2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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31
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Out of Arabia: a complex biogeographic history of multiple vicariance and dispersal events in the gecko genus Hemidactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e64018. [PMID: 23724016 PMCID: PMC3664631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The geological history of the Arabian Peninsula has played a crucial role in shaping current diversity and distribution patterns of many Arabian and African faunal elements. The gecko genus Hemidactylus is not an exception. In this study, we provide an insight into the phylogeny and systematics of 45 recognized species of the so-called Arid clade of the genus Hemidactylus from Arabia, the Horn of Africa, the Levant and Iran. The material comprises 358 specimens sequenced for up to two mitochondrial (12S rRNA, cytochrome b) and four nuclear (mc1r, cmos, rag1, rag2) genes with 4766 bp of the concatenated alignment length. A robust calibrated phylogeny and reconstruction of historical biogeography are inferred. We link the history of this genus with major geological events that occurred in the region within the last 30 million years. Two basal divergences correspond with the break-ups of the Arabian and African landmasses and subsequent separation of Socotra from the Arabian mainland, respectively, segregating the genus by means of vicariance. Formation of the Red Sea led to isolation and subsequent radiation in the Arabian Peninsula, which was followed by multiple independent expansions: 13.1 Ma to Iran; 9.8 Ma to NE Africa; 8.2 to Socotra Archipelago; 7–7.3 Ma two colonizations to the Near East; 5.9 Ma to NE Africa; and 4.1 to Socotra. Moreover, using multiple genetic markers we detected cryptic diversity within the genus, particularly in south-western Arabia and the Ethiopian highlands, and confirmed the existence of at least seven new species in the area. These findings highlight the role of Arabia and the Horn of Africa as an important Hemidactylus diversity hotspot.
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Bansal R, Karanth KP. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular dating suggest that Hemidactylus anamallensis is not a member of the Hemidactylus radiation and has an ancient Late Cretaceous origin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60615. [PMID: 23696785 PMCID: PMC3655972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND OF THE WORK: The phylogenetic position and evolution of Hemidactylus anamallensis (family Gekkonidae) has been much debated in recent times. In the past it has been variously assigned to genus Hoplodactylus (Diplodactylidae) as well as a monotypic genus 'Dravidogecko' (Gekkonidae). Since 1995, this species has been assigned to Hemidactylus, but there is much disagreement between authors regarding its phylogenetic position within this genus. In a recent molecular study H. anamallensis was sister to Hemidactylus but appeared distinct from it in both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. However, this study did not include genera closely allied to Hemidactylus, thus a robust evaluation of this hypothesis was not undertaken. METHODS The objective of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic position of H. anamallensis within the gekkonid radiation. To this end, several nuclear and mitochondrial markers were sequenced from H. anamallensis, selected members of the Hemidactylus radiation and genera closely allied to Hemidactylus. These sequences in conjunction with published sequences were subjected to multiple phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore the nuclear dataset was also subjected to molecular dating analysis to ascertain the divergence between H. anamallensis and related genera. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Results showed that H. anamallensis lineage was indeed sister to Hemidactylus group but was separated from the rest of the Hemidactylus by a long branch. The divergence estimates supported a scenario wherein H. anamallensis dispersed across a marine barrier to the drifting peninsular Indian plate in the late Cretaceous whereas Hemidactylus arrived on the peninsular India after the Indian plate collided with the Eurasian plate. Based on these molecular evidence and biogeographical scenario we suggest that the genus Dravidogecko should be resurrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bansal
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, India Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - K. Praveen Karanth
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, India Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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33
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Castilla AM, Valdeón A, Cogălniceanu D, Gosá A, Alkuwary A, Saifelnasr EO, Al Naimi S, Al-Hemaidi AAM. First record of a gecko species to the fauna of Qatar: Hemidactylus persicusAnderson, 1872 (Gekkonidae). QSCIENCE CONNECT 2013. [DOI: 10.5339/connect.2013.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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34
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Kurita T. Current Status of the Introduced Common House Gecko,Hemidactylus frenatus(Squamata: Gekkonidae), on Amamioshima Island of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.32.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Heinicke MP, Greenbaum E, Jackman TR, Bauer AM. Evolution of gliding in Southeast Asian geckos and other vertebrates is temporally congruent with dipterocarp forest development. Biol Lett 2012; 8:994-7. [PMID: 22977067 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliding morphologies occur in diverse vertebrate lineages in Southeast Asian rainforests, including three gecko genera, plus frogs, snakes, agamid lizards and squirrels. It has been hypothesized that repeated evolution of gliding is related to the dominance of Asian rainforest tree floras by dipterocarps. For dipterocarps to have influenced the evolution of gliding in Southeast Asian vertebrates, gliding lineages must have Eocene or later origins. However, divergence times are not known for most lineages. To investigate the temporal pattern of Asian gliding vertebrate evolution, we performed phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses. New sequence data for geckos incorporate exemplars of each gliding genus (Cosymbotus, Luperosaurus and Ptychozoon), whereas analyses of other vertebrate lineages use existing sequence data. Stem ages of most gliding vertebrates, including all geckos, cluster in the time period when dipterocarps came to dominate Asian tropical forests. These results demonstrate that a gliding/dipterocarp correlation is temporally viable, and caution against the assumption of early origins for apomorphic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Heinicke
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Mendel Hall, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
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GÓMEZ-DÍAZ ELENA, SINDACO ROBERTO, PUPIN FABIO, FASOLA MAURO, CARRANZA SALVADOR. Origin and in situ diversification inHemidactylusgeckos of the Socotra Archipelago. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:4074-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Oliver PM, Richards SJ, Sistrom M. Phylogeny and systematics of Melanesia’s most diverse gecko lineage (Cyrtodactylus, Gekkonidae, Squamata). ZOOL SCR 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Miller EC, Sellas AB, Drewes RC. A new species ofHemidactylus(Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Príncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea, West Africa with comments on the African-Atlantic clade ofHemidactylusgeckos. AFR J HERPETOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2012.666680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Tonione MA, Reeder N, Moritz CC. High genetic diversity despite the potential for stepping-stone colonizations in an invasive species of gecko on Moorea, French Polynesia. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26874. [PMID: 22073211 PMCID: PMC3206873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species often have reduced genetic diversity, but the opposite can be true if there have been multiple introductions and genetic admixture. Reduced diversity is most likely soon after establishment, in remote locations, when there is lower propagule pressure and with stepping-stone colonizations. The common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) was introduced to Moorea, French Polynesia in the remote eastern Pacific within the last two decades and accordingly is expected to exhibit low diversity. In contrast, we show that H. frenatus on Moorea has exceptionally high genetic diversity, similar to that near the native range in Asia and much higher than reported for other Pacific island reptiles. The high diversity in this recently founded population likely reflects extensive genetic admixture in source population(s) and a life history that promotes retention of diversity. These observations point to the importance of understanding range-wide dynamics of genetic admixture in highly invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Tonione
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
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Gamble T, Bauer AM, Colli GR, Greenbaum E, Jackman TR, Vitt LJ, Simons AM. Coming to America: multiple origins of New World geckos. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:231-44. [PMID: 21126276 PMCID: PMC3075428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Geckos in the Western Hemisphere provide an excellent model to study faunal assembly at a continental scale. We generated a time-calibrated phylogeny, including exemplars of all New World gecko genera, to produce a biogeographical scenario for the New World geckos. Patterns of New World gecko origins are consistent with almost every biogeographical scenario utilized by a terrestrial vertebrate with different New World lineages showing evidence of vicariance, dispersal via temporary land bridge, overseas dispersal or anthropogenic introductions. We also recovered a strong relationship between clade age and species diversity, with older New World lineages having more species than more recently arrived lineages. Our data provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for all New World geckos and highlight the intricate origins and ongoing organization of continental faunas. The phylogenetic and biogeographical hypotheses presented here provide an historical framework to further pursue research on the diversification and assembly of the New World herpetofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gamble
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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When selection deceives phylogeographic interpretation: The case of the Mediterranean house gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 58:365-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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