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Zhang Q, Lu YW, Liu XY, Li Y, Gao WN, Sun JT, Hong XY, Shao R, Xue XF. Phylogenomics resolves the higher-level phylogeny of herbivorous eriophyoid mites (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea). BMC Biol 2024; 22:70. [PMID: 38519936 PMCID: PMC10960459 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) are among the largest groups in the Acariformes; they are strictly phytophagous. The higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, however, remains unresolved due to the limited number of available morphological characters-some of them are homoplastic. Nevertheless, the eriophyoid mites sequenced to date showed highly variable mitochondrial (mt) gene orders, which could potentially be useful for resolving the higher-level phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS Here, we sequenced and compared the complete mt genomes of 153 eriophyoid mite species, which showed 54 patterns of rearranged mt gene orders relative to that of the hypothetical ancestor of arthropods. The shared derived mt gene clusters support the monophyly of eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) as a whole and the monophylies of six clades within Eriophyoidea. These monophyletic groups and their relationships were largely supported in the phylogenetic trees inferred from mt genome sequences as well. Our molecular dating results showed that Eriophyoidea originated in the Triassic and diversified in the Cretaceous, coinciding with the diversification of angiosperms. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals multiple molecular synapomorphies (i.e. shared derived mt gene clusters) at different levels (i.e. family, subfamily or tribe level) from the complete mt genomes of 153 eriophyoid mite species. We demonstrated the use of derived mt gene clusters in unveiling the higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, and underlines the origin of these mites and their co-diversification with angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Wen Lu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Nan Gao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfu Shao
- Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Xiao-Feng Xue
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Alexeeva N, Tamberg Y. Ultrastructure of the female pedal gonad in Phoxichilidium femoratum (Chelicerata, Pycnogonida). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2023; 76:101295. [PMID: 37722770 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Phoxichilidium femoratum is a common species of sea spiders - a small and unique group of chelicerates with unusual adult anatomy. In particular, substantial parts of the reproductive system in pycnogonids (unlike euchelicerates) are located in the appendages. Existing studies of pycnogonid gonads are often limited to light-microscopic level, cover a small range of species, and focus on the contents of the gonad diverticula. Ultrastructural data are rare and contradictory, and the organisation of the gonad wall and the gonoducts is unknown. Here we present a detailed light and transmission electron microscopy-based examination of the pedal portion of the adult female reproductive system in Phoxichilidium femoratum Rathke, 1799. We describe its gross anatomy and the ultrastructure of the gonad diverticulum, oviduct and gonopore, as well as development of the oocytes. Each gonad diverticulum is enclosed in the extracellular matrix of the horizontal septum and bears some internal cellular lining. However, neither the gonad lining, nor the septum sheath cells, ever form a continuous epithelial layer. Oocytes, which undergo maturation in the diverticulum, remain, until very late in the process, attached to the gonad wall though specialised stalk cells. Interestingly, stalk cells do not participate in egg envelope or yolk formation: both are synthesized endogenously in the oocytes. The oviduct is supplied with musculature, which assists in egg transport to the gonopore, whereas the gonopore itself is surrounded by specialised glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Alexeeva
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuta Tamberg
- National Public Health Service - Southern, 369 Taieri Road, 9010, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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3
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Sabroux R, Corbari L, Hassanin A. Phylogeny of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) inferred from mitochondrial genome and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 182:107726. [PMID: 36754337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The phylogeny of sea spiders has been debated for more than a century. Despite several molecular studies in the last twenty years, interfamilial relationships remain uncertain. In the present study, relationships within Pycnogonida are examined in the light of a new dataset composed of 160 mitochondrial genomes (including 152 new sequences) and 130 18S rRNA gene sequences (including 120 new sequences), from 141 sea spider morphospecies representing 26 genera and 9 families. Node congruence between mitochondrial and nuclear markers was analysed to identify the most reliable relationships. We also reanalysed a multilocus dataset previously published and showed that the high percentages of missing data make phylogenetic conclusions difficult and uncertain. Our results support the monophyly of most families currently accepted, except Callipallenidae and Nymphonidae, the monophyly of the superfamilies Ammotheoidea (Ammotheidae + Pallenopsidae), Nymphonoidea (Nymphonidae + Callipallenidae), Phoxichilidioidea (Phoxichilidiidae + Endeidae) and Colossendeoidea (Colossendeidae + Pycnogonidae + Rhynchothoracidae), and the sister-group relationship between Ammotheoidea and Phoxichilidioidea. We discuss the morphological evolution of sea spiders, identifying homoplastic characters and possible synapomorphies. We also discuss the palaeontological and phylogenetic arguments supporting either a radiation of sea spiders prior to Jurassic or a progressive diversification from Ordovician or Cambrian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sabroux
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laure Corbari
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hassanin
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France.
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4
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Mitochondrial genomes provide insight into interfamilial relationships within Pycnogonida. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Ban XC, Shao ZK, Wu LJ, Sun JT, Xue XF. Highly diversified mitochondrial genomes provide new evidence for interordinal relationships in the Arachnida. Cladistics 2022; 38:452-464. [PMID: 35349189 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachnida is an exceptionally diverse class in the Arthropoda, consisting of 20 orders and playing crucial roles in the terrestrial ecosystems. However, their interordinal relationships have been debated for over a century. Rearranged or highly rearranged mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) were consistently found in this class, but their various extent in different lineages and efficiency for resolving arachnid phylogenies are unclear. Here, we reconstructed phylogenetic trees using mitogenome sequences of 290 arachnid species to decipher interordinal relationships as well as diversification through time. Our results recovered monophyly of ten orders (i.e. Amblypygi, Araneae, Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, Ricinulei, Sarcoptiformes, Scorpiones and Solifugae), while rejecting monophyly of the Trombidiformes due to the unstable position of the Eriophyoidea. The monophyly of Acari (subclass) was rejected, possibly due to the long-branch attraction of the Pseudoscorpiones. The monophyly of Arachnida was further rejected because the Xiphosura nested within arachnid orders with unstable positions. Mitogenomes that are highly rearranged in mites but less rearranged or conserved in the remaining lineages point to their exceptional diversification in mite orders; however, shared derived mitochondrial (mt) gene clusters were found within superfamilies rather than interorders, confusing phylogenetic signals in arachnid interordinal relationships. Molecular dating results show that arachnid orders have ancient origins, ranging from the Ordovician to the Carboniferous, yet have significantly diversified since the Cretaceous in orders Araneae, Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, and Trombidiformes. By summarizing previously resolved key positions of some orders, we propose a plausible arachnid tree of life. Our results underline a more precise framework for interordinal phylogeny in the Arachnida and provide new insights into their ancient evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chao Ban
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zi-Kai Shao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xue
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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6
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Alexeeva N, Tamberg Y. Early lecithotrophic stages of Nymphon grossipes, and the role of larval appendages and glands in different larval types of pycnogonids. J Morphol 2022; 283:296-312. [PMID: 34993989 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nymphon grossipes is a common subtidal species belonging to a small and unique group of chelicerates, that is, the sea spiders. These animals have an anamorphic phase during post-embryonic development and often hatch as small, oligomeric and exotrophic larvae (protonymphons) with four postocular segments, cheliphores, and two pairs of larval legs. A common alternative to protonymphons is a large lecithotrophic larval type, where animals hatch at more advanced stages and have a foreshortened anamorphic development. Based on external morphology, N. grossipes was believed to be an intriguing intermediate between these two conditions and its hatchlings were called "lecithotrophic protonymphons." Here, we examine the anatomy and ultrastructure of instars I and II and review the variety of roles of larval appendages and associated glands in other sea spiders in order to correctly place the larva of this species among pycnogonid larval types. Compared to "typical protonymphons," N. grossipes young hatch with an advanced segmental and appendage composition: six postocular segments instead of four, buds of walking legs 1 and hidden buds of walking legs 2. This state corresponds to the instars II/III (rather than larvae) of Nymphon brevirostre and Pycnogonum litorale. Modifications of the larval appendages, chelar, and spinning glands are aligned with ecological needs of different larval types along a few typical dimensions: locomotion and feeding, dispersal, and attachment to the parent. Although the main challenge for N. grossipes young is secure attachment to the egg package while they growth, there are some discrepancies in their anatomy: N. grossipes retains an oyster basket, but an otherwise nonfunctional digestive system, and a strong silken thread for attachment, but no corresponding reduction of the larval legs. Thus, it is likely that the switch to lecithotrophy happened in the recent evolutionary history of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Alexeeva
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yuta Tamberg
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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7
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What Is an “Arachnid”? Consensus, Consilience, and Confirmation Bias in the Phylogenetics of Chelicerata. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basal phylogeny of Chelicerata is one of the opaquest parts of the animal Tree of Life, defying resolution despite application of thousands of loci and millions of sites. At the forefront of the debate over chelicerate relationships is the monophyly of Arachnida, which has been refuted by most analyses of molecular sequence data. A number of phylogenomic datasets have suggested that Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs) are derived arachnids, refuting the traditional understanding of arachnid monophyly. This result is regarded as controversial, not least by paleontologists and morphologists, due to the widespread perception that arachnid monophyly is unambiguously supported by morphological data. Moreover, some molecular datasets have been able to recover arachnid monophyly, galvanizing the belief that any result that challenges arachnid monophyly is artefactual. Here, we explore the problems of distinguishing phylogenetic signal from noise through a series of in silico experiments, focusing on datasets that have recently supported arachnid monophyly. We assess the claim that filtering by saturation rate is a valid criterion for recovering Arachnida. We demonstrate that neither saturation rate, nor the ability to assemble a molecular phylogenetic dataset supporting a given outcome with maximal nodal support, is a guarantor of phylogenetic accuracy. Separately, we review empirical morphological phylogenetic datasets to examine characters supporting Arachnida and the downstream implication of a single colonization of terrestrial habitats. We show that morphological support of arachnid monophyly is contingent upon a small number of ambiguous or incorrectly coded characters, most of these tautologically linked to adaptation to terrestrial habitats.
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8
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Ballesteros JA, Setton EVW, Santibáñez-López CE, Arango CP, Brenneis G, Brix S, Corbett KF, Cano-Sánchez E, Dandouch M, Dilly GF, Eleaume MP, Gainett G, Gallut C, McAtee S, McIntyre L, Moran AL, Moran R, López-González PJ, Scholtz G, Williamson C, Woods HA, Zehms JT, Wheeler WC, Sharma PP. Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:686-701. [PMID: 32915961 PMCID: PMC7826184 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in invertebrate phylogenomics over the past decade, the higher-level phylogeny of Pycnogonida (sea spiders) remains elusive. Due to the inaccessibility of some small-bodied lineages, few phylogenetic studies have sampled all sea spider families. Previous efforts based on a handful of genes have yielded unstable tree topologies. Here, we inferred the relationships of 89 sea spider species using targeted capture of the mitochondrial genome, 56 conserved exons, 101 ultraconserved elements, and 3 nuclear ribosomal genes. We inferred molecular divergence times by integrating morphological data for fossil species to calibrate 15 nodes in the arthropod tree of life. This integration of data classes resolved the basal topology of sea spiders with high support. The enigmatic family Austrodecidae was resolved as the sister group to the remaining Pycnogonida and the small-bodied family Rhynchothoracidae as the sister group of the robust-bodied family Pycnogonidae. Molecular divergence time estimation recovered a basal divergence of crown group sea spiders in the Ordovician. Comparison of diversification dynamics with other marine invertebrate taxa that originated in the Paleozoic suggests that sea spiders and some crustacean groups exhibit resilience to mass extinction episodes, relative to mollusk and echinoderm lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Ballesteros
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Emily V W Setton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Claudia P Arango
- Queensland Museum, Biodiversity Program, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Georg Brenneis
- Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Cytologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Saskia Brix
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), c/o Biocenter Grindel (CeNak), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kevin F Corbett
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Esperanza Cano-Sánchez
- Biodiversidad y Ecología Acuática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Merai Dandouch
- Department of Biology, California State University-Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA
| | - Geoffrey F Dilly
- Department of Biology, California State University-Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA
| | - Marc P Eleaume
- Départment Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Guilherme Gainett
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Cyril Gallut
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Concarneau, France
| | - Sean McAtee
- Department of Biology, California State University-Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA
| | - Lauren McIntyre
- Department of Biology, California State University-Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA
| | - Amy L Moran
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai’I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Randy Moran
- Department of Biology, California State University-Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA
| | - Pablo J López-González
- Biodiversidad y Ecología Acuática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gerhard Scholtz
- Institut für Biologie, Vergleichende Zoologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clay Williamson
- Department of Biology, California State University-Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA
| | - H Arthur Woods
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Jakob T Zehms
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ward C Wheeler
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, NY
| | - Prashant P Sharma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
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9
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Alexeeva N, Tamberg Y. Anatomical changes in postembryonic development of Pycnogonum litorale. J Morphol 2020; 282:329-354. [PMID: 33368492 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sea spiders (Pycnogonida) are a small group of arthropods, sister to other chelicerates. They have an unusual adult bauplan, oligosegmented larvae, and a protracted postembryonic development. Pycnogonum litorale (Strøm, 1762) is an uncommonly long-lived sea spider with a distinctive protonymphon and adult anatomy. Although it was described ~250 years ago, little is known about its internal organization and development. We examined the anamorphic and early epimorphic development of this species using histology, light microscopy, and SEM, and provide the first comprehensive anatomical study of its many instars. Postembryonic development of P. litorale includes transformations typical of pycnogonids: reorganization of the larval organs (digestive, nervous, secretory), formation of the abdomen, trunk segments (+ appendages), primary body cavity and reproductive system. Specific traits include the accelerated articulation of the walking legs, formation of the subesophageal and posterior synganglia, and the system of twin midgut diverticula. In addition, P. litorale simultaneously lose the spinning apparatus and all larval appendages. We found that developmental changes occur in synchrony with changes in ecology and food sources. The transition from the anamorphic to the epimorphic period in particular is marked by considerable anatomical and lifestyle shifts. HIGHLIGHTS: Postembryonic development of P. litorale includes numerous anamorphic and epimorphic stages. The instars acquire abdomen, trunk segments, body cavity, and gonads, while losing all larval appendages. Developmental changes are synchronized with changes in lifestyle and food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Alexeeva
- White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya quay 1, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Yuta Tamberg
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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10
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Alexeeva N, Tamberg Y, Shunatova N. The (not very) typical protonymphons of
Pycnogonum litorale. J Morphol 2019; 280:1370-1392. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Alexeeva
- Department of Invertebrate ZoologySt. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Yuta Tamberg
- Department of Marine ScienceUniversity of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Natalia Shunatova
- Department of Invertebrate ZoologySt. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russian Federation
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11
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Li WX, Zhang D, Boyce K, Xi BW, Zou H, Wu SG, Li M, Wang GT. The complete mitochondrial DNA of three monozoic tapeworms in the Caryophyllidea: a mitogenomic perspective on the phylogeny of eucestodes. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:314. [PMID: 28655342 PMCID: PMC5488446 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background External segmentation and internal proglottization are important evolutionary characters of the Eucestoda. The monozoic caryophyllideans are considered the earliest diverging eucestodes based on partial mitochondrial genes and nuclear rDNA sequences, yet, there are currently no complete mitogenomes available. We have therefore sequenced the complete mitogenomes of three caryophyllideans, as well as the polyzoic Schyzocotyle acheilognathi, explored the phylogenetic relationships of eucestodes and compared the gene arrangements between unsegmented and segmented cestodes. Results The circular mitogenome of Atractolytocestus huronensis was 15,130 bp, the longest sequence of all the available cestodes, 14,620 bp for Khawia sinensis, 14,011 bp for Breviscolex orientalis and 14,046 bp for Schyzocotyle acheilognathi. The A-T content of the three caryophyllideans was found to be lower than any other published mitogenome. Highly repetitive regions were detected among the non-coding regions (NCRs) of the four cestode species. The evolutionary relationship determined between the five orders (Caryophyllidea, Diphyllobothriidea, Bothriocephalidea, Proteocephalidea and Cyclophyllidea) is consistent with that expected from morphology and the large fragments of mtDNA when reconstructed using all 36 genes. Examination of the 54 mitogenomes from these five orders, revealed a unique arrangement for each order except for the Cyclophyllidea which had two types that were identical to that of the Diphyllobothriidea and the Proteocephalidea. When comparing gene order between the unsegmented and segmented cestodes, the segmented cestodes were found to have the lower similarities due to a long distance transposition event. All rearrangement events between the four arrangement categories took place at the junction of rrnS-tRNAArg (P1) where NCRs are common. Conclusions Highly repetitive regions are detected among NCRs of the four cestode species. A long distance transposition event is inferred between the unsegmented and segmented cestodes. Gene arrangements of Taeniidae and the rest of the families in the Cyclophyllidea are found be identical to those of the sister order Proteocephalidea and the relatively basal order Diphyllobothriidea, respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2245-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen X Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kellyanne Boyce
- South Devon College University Centre, Long Road, Paignton, TQ4 7EJ, UK
| | - Bing W Xi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shan G Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gui T Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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12
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Fang WY, Wang ZL, Li C, Yang XQ, Yu XP. The complete mitogenome of a jumping spider Carrhotus xanthogramma (Araneae: Salticidae) and comparative analysis in four salticid mitogenomes. Genetica 2016; 144:699-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Wang ZL, Li C, Fang WY, Yu XP. Characterization of the complete mitogenomes of two Neoscona spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) and its phylogenetic implications. Gene 2016; 590:298-306. [PMID: 27259661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The complete mitogenomes of two orb-weaving spiders Neoscona doenitzi and Neoscona nautica were determined and a comparative mitogenomic analysis was performed to depict evolutionary trends of spider mitogenomes. The circular mitogenomes are 14,161bp with A+T content of 74.6% in N. doenitzi and 14,049bp with A+T content of 78.8% in N. nautica, respectively. Both mitogenomes contain a standard set of 37 genes typically presented in metazoans. Gene content and orientation are identical to all previously sequenced spider mitogenomes, while gene order is rearranged by tRNAs translocation when compared with the putative ancestral gene arrangement pattern presented by Limulus polyphemus. A comparative mitogenomic analysis reveals that the nucleotide composition bias is obviously divergent between spiders in suborder Opisthothelae and Mesothelae. The loss of D-arm in the trnS(UCN) among all of Opisthothelae spiders highly suggested that this common feature is a synapomorphy for entire suborder Opisthothelae. Moreover, the trnS(AGN) in araneoids preferred to use TCT as an anticodon rather than the typical anticodon GCT. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 13 protein-coding gene sequences consistently yields trees that nest the two Neoscona spiders within Araneidae and recover superfamily Araneoidea as a monophyletic group. The molecular information acquired from the results of this study should be very useful for future research on mitogenomic evolution and genetic diversities in spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Liang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yuan Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Salinas-Giegé T, Giegé R, Giegé P. tRNA biology in mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4518-59. [PMID: 25734984 PMCID: PMC4394434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16034518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells. They are considered as semi-autonomous because they have retained genomes inherited from their prokaryotic ancestor and host fully functional gene expression machineries. These organelles have attracted considerable attention because they combine bacterial-like traits with novel features that evolved in the host cell. Among them, mitochondria use many specific pathways to obtain complete and functional sets of tRNAs as required for translation. In some instances, tRNA genes have been partially or entirely transferred to the nucleus and mitochondria require precise import systems to attain their pool of tRNAs. Still, tRNA genes have also often been maintained in mitochondria. Their genetic arrangement is more diverse than previously envisaged. The expression and maturation of mitochondrial tRNAs often use specific enzymes that evolved during eukaryote history. For instance many mitochondria use a eukaryote-specific RNase P enzyme devoid of RNA. The structure itself of mitochondrial encoded tRNAs is also very diverse, as e.g., in Metazoan, where tRNAs often show non canonical or truncated structures. As a result, the translational machinery in mitochondria evolved adapted strategies to accommodate the peculiarities of these tRNAs, in particular simplified identity rules for their aminoacylation. Here, we review the specific features of tRNA biology in mitochondria from model species representing the major eukaryotic groups, with an emphasis on recent research on tRNA import, maturation and aminoacylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalia Salinas-Giegé
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Richard Giegé
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 15 rue René Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Giegé
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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Sharma PP, Kaluziak ST, Pérez-Porro AR, González VL, Hormiga G, Wheeler WC, Giribet G. Phylogenomic Interrogation of Arachnida Reveals Systemic Conflicts in Phylogenetic Signal. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:2963-84. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Baek SY, Choi EH, Jang KH, Ryu SH, Park SM, Suk HY, Chang CY, Hwang UW. Complete mitochondrial genomes of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus tridentatus (Xiphosura, Arthropoda) and implications for chelicerate phylogenetic studies. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:479-89. [PMID: 24795529 PMCID: PMC4007361 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseshoe crabs (order Xiphosura) are often referred to as an ancient order of marine chelicerates and have been considered as keystone taxa for the understanding of chelicerate evolution. However, the mitochondrial genome of this order is only available from a single species, Limulus polyphemus. In the present study, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial genomes from two Asian horseshoe crabs, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus tridentatus to offer novel data for the evolutionary relationship within Xiphosura and their position in the chelicerate phylogeny. The mitochondrial genomes of C. rotundicauda (15,033 bp) and T. tridentatus (15,006 bp) encode 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Overall sequences and genome structure of two Asian species were highly similar to that of Limulus polyphemus, though clear differences among three were found in the stem-loop structure of the putative control region. In the phylogenetic analysis with complete mitochondrial genomes of 43 chelicerate species, C. rotundicauda and T. tridentatus were recovered as a monophyly, while L. polyphemus solely formed an independent clade. Xiphosuran species were placed at the basal root of the tree, and major other chelicerate taxa were clustered in a single monophyly, clearly confirming that horseshoe crabs composed an ancestral taxon among chelicerates. By contrast, the phylogenetic tree without the information of Asian horseshoe crabs did not support monophyletic clustering of other chelicerates. In conclusion, our analyses may provide more robust and reliable perspective on the study of evolutionary history for chelicerates than earlier analyses with a single Atlantic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Baek
- 1. School of Life Sciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- 2. Department of Biology, Teachers College & Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Kuem Hee Jang
- 2. Department of Biology, Teachers College & Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Shi Hyun Ryu
- 2. Department of Biology, Teachers College & Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Sang Myeon Park
- 3. Department of Science Education, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Ho Young Suk
- 4. Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 705-717, South Korea
| | - Cheon Young Chang
- 5. Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-714, South Korea
| | - Ui Wook Hwang
- 2. Department of Biology, Teachers College & Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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Ajawatanawong P, Baldauf SL. Evolution of protein indels in plants, animals and fungi. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:140. [PMID: 23826714 PMCID: PMC3706215 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insertions/deletions (indels) in protein sequences are useful as drug targets, protein structure predictors, species diagnostics and evolutionary markers. However there is limited understanding of indel evolutionary patterns. We sought to characterize indel patterns focusing first on the major groups of multicellular eukaryotes. RESULTS Comparisons of complete proteomes from a taxonically broad set of primarily Metazoa, Fungi and Viridiplantae yielded 299 substantial (>250aa) universal, single-copy (in-paralog only) proteins, from which 901 simple (present/absent) and 3,806 complex (multistate) indels were extracted. Simple indels are mostly small (1-7aa) with a most frequent size class of 1aa. However, even these simple looking indels show a surprisingly high level of hidden homoplasy (multiple independent origins). Among the apparently homoplasy-free simple indels, we identify 69 potential clade-defining indels (CDIs) that may warrant closer examination. CDIs show a very uneven taxonomic distribution among Viridiplante (13 CDIs), Fungi (40 CDIs), and Metazoa (0 CDIs). An examination of singleton indels shows an excess of insertions over deletions in nearly all examined taxa. This excess averages 2.31 overall, with a maximum observed value of 7.5 fold. CONCLUSIONS We find considerable potential for identifying taxon-marker indels using an automated pipeline. However, it appears that simple indels in universal proteins are too rare and homoplasy-rich to be used for pure indel-based phylogeny. The excess of insertions over deletions seen in nearly every genome and major group examined maybe useful in defining more realistic gap penalties for sequence alignment. This bias also suggests that insertions in highly conserved proteins experience less purifying selection than do deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravech Ajawatanawong
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden.
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Briscoe AG, Goodacre S, Masta SE, Taylor MI, Arnedo MA, Penney D, Kenny J, Creer S. Can long-range PCR be used to amplify genetically divergent mitochondrial genomes for comparative phylogenetics? A case study within spiders (Arthropoda: Araneae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e62404. [PMID: 23667474 PMCID: PMC3648539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of second generation sequencing technology has resulted in the rapid production of large volumes of sequence data for relatively little cost, thereby substantially increasing the quantity of data available for phylogenetic studies. Despite these technological advances, assembling longer sequences, such as that of entire mitochondrial genomes, has not been straightforward. Existing studies have been limited to using only incomplete or nominally intra-specific datasets resulting in a bottleneck between mitogenome amplification and downstream high-throughput sequencing. Here we assess the effectiveness of a wide range of targeted long-range PCR strategies, encapsulating single and dual fragment primer design approaches to provide full mitogenomic coverage within the Araneae (Spiders). Despite extensive rounds of optimisation, full mitochondrial genome PCR amplifications were stochastic in most taxa, although 454 Roche sequencing confirmed the successful amplification of 10 mitochondrial genomes out of the 33 trialled species. The low success rates of amplification using long-Range PCR highlights the difficulties in consistently obtaining genomic amplifications using currently available DNA polymerases optimised for large genomic amplifications and suggests that there may be opportunities for the use of alternative amplification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Briscoe
- Environment Centre Wales Building, Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Goodacre
- Institute of Genetics, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. Masta
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martin I. Taylor
- Environment Centre Wales Building, Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Departament Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Penney
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John Kenny
- Centre for Genomic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Creer
- Environment Centre Wales Building, Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic sea spider Ammothea carolinensis (Chelicerata; Pycnogonida). Polar Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-013-1288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Weis A, Melzer RR. How did sea spiders recolonize the Chilean fjords after glaciation? DNA barcoding of Pycnogonida, with remarks on phylogeography of Achelia assimilis(Haswell, 1885). SYST BIODIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2012.716462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ovchinnikov S, Masta SE. Pseudoscorpion mitochondria show rearranged genes and genome-wide reductions of RNA gene sizes and inferred structures, yet typical nucleotide composition bias. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:31. [PMID: 22409411 PMCID: PMC3325882 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudoscorpions are chelicerates and have historically been viewed as being most closely related to solifuges, harvestmen, and scorpions. No mitochondrial genomes of pseudoscorpions have been published, but the mitochondrial genomes of some lineages of Chelicerata possess unusual features, including short rRNA genes and tRNA genes that lack sequence to encode arms of the canonical cloverleaf-shaped tRNA. Additionally, some chelicerates possess an atypical guanine-thymine nucleotide bias on the major coding strand of their mitochondrial genomes. RESULTS We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of two divergent taxa from the chelicerate order Pseudoscorpiones. We find that these genomes possess unusually short tRNA genes that do not encode cloverleaf-shaped tRNA structures. Indeed, in one genome, all 22 tRNA genes lack sequence to encode canonical cloverleaf structures. We also find that the large ribosomal RNA genes are substantially shorter than those of most arthropods. We inferred secondary structures of the LSU rRNAs from both pseudoscorpions, and find that they have lost multiple helices. Based on comparisons with the crystal structure of the bacterial ribosome, two of these helices were likely contact points with tRNA T-arms or D-arms as they pass through the ribosome during protein synthesis.The mitochondrial gene arrangements of both pseudoscorpions differ from the ancestral chelicerate gene arrangement. One genome is rearranged with respect to the location of protein-coding genes, the small rRNA gene, and at least 8 tRNA genes. The other genome contains 6 tRNA genes in novel locations. Most chelicerates with rearranged mitochondrial genes show a genome-wide reversal of the CA nucleotide bias typical for arthropods on their major coding strand, and instead possess a GT bias. Yet despite their extensive rearrangement, these pseudoscorpion mitochondrial genomes possess a CA bias on the major coding strand. Phylogenetic analyses of all 13 mitochondrial protein-coding gene sequences consistently yield trees that place pseudoscorpions as sister to acariform mites. CONCLUSION The well-supported phylogenetic placement of pseudoscorpions as sister to Acariformes differs from some previous analyses based on morphology. However, these two lineages share multiple molecular evolutionary traits, including substantial mitochondrial genome rearrangements, extensive nucleotide substitution, and loss of helices in their inferred tRNA and rRNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ovchinnikov
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - Susan E Masta
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
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Arabi J, Judson MLI, Deharveng L, Lourenço WR, Cruaud C, Hassanin A. Nucleotide composition of CO1 sequences in Chelicerata (Arthropoda): detecting new mitogenomic rearrangements. J Mol Evol 2012; 74:81-95. [PMID: 22362465 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-012-9490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we study the evolution of nucleotide composition in third codon-positions of CO1 sequences of Chelicerata, using a phylogenetic framework, based on 180 taxa and three markers (CO1, 18S, and 28S rRNA; 5,218 nt). The analyses of nucleotide composition were also extended to all CO1 sequences of Chelicerata found in GenBank (1,701 taxa). The results show that most species of Chelicerata have a positive strand bias in CO1, i.e., in favor of C nucleotides, including all Amblypygi, Palpigradi, Ricinulei, Solifugae, Uropygi, and Xiphosura. However, several taxa show a negative strand bias, i.e., in favor of G nucleotides: all Scorpiones, Opisthothelae spiders and several taxa within Acari, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Pycnogonida. Several reversals of strand-specific bias can be attributed to either a rearrangement of the control region or an inversion of a fragment containing the CO1 gene. Key taxa for which sequencing of complete mitochondrial genomes will be necessary to determine the origin and nature of mtDNA rearrangements involved in the reversals are identified. Acari, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Pycnogonida were found to show a strong variability in nucleotide composition. In addition, both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes have been affected by higher substitution rates in Acari and Pseudoscorpiones. The results therefore indicate that these two orders are more liable to fix mutations of all types, including base substitutions, indels, and genomic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Arabi
- Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205, Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57, Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
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Weis A, Friedrich S, Melzer RR. Antarctic Pycnogonida housed at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology. ZOOSYST EVOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zoos.201100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Dietz L, Mayer C, Arango CP, Leese F. The mitochondrial genome of Colossendeis megalonyx supports a basal position of Colossendeidae within the Pycnogonida. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 58:553-8. [PMID: 21195785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the almost complete (16,007 bp) mitochondrial genome of a Colossendeis megalonyx specimen from the Southern Ocean and discuss gene order and tRNA structure in a comparative phylogenetic context. Our data suggest a basal position of the colossendeid lineage corroborating earlier phylogenetic studies but disagreeing with results of a recently published study that supported a highly derived sister-group relationship of Colossendeidae and Nymphonidae. Our results, together with BLAST searches and phylogenetic comparisons, indicate that the specimen presented as Colossendeis sp. in a series of recent studies had been misidentified. It has now been identified as a nymphonid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dietz
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Evolutionsökologie und Biodiversität der Tiere, Bochum, Germany
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