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Zhang H, Chang M, Chen D, Yang J, Zhang Y, Sun J, Yao X, Sun H, Gu X, Li M, Shen Y, Dai B. Congenital myopathies: pathophysiological mechanisms and promising therapies. J Transl Med 2024; 22:815. [PMID: 39223631 PMCID: PMC11370226 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital myopathies (CMs) are a kind of non-progressive or slow-progressive muscle diseases caused by genetic mutations, which are currently defined and categorized mainly according to their clinicopathological features. CMs exhibit pleiotropy and genetic heterogeneity. Currently, supportive treatment and pharmacological remission are the mainstay of treatment, with no cure available. Some adeno-associated viruses show promising prospects in the treatment of MTM1 and BIN1-associated myopathies; however, such gene-level therapeutic interventions target only specific mutation types and are not generalizable. Thus, it is particularly crucial to identify the specific causative genes. Here, we outline the pathogenic mechanisms based on the classification of causative genes: excitation-contraction coupling and triadic assembly (RYR1, MTM1, DNM2, BIN1), actin-myosin interaction and production of myofibril forces (NEB, ACTA1, TNNT1, TPM2, TPM3), as well as other biological processes. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent therapeutic advancements and potential treatment modalities of CMs. Despite ongoing research endeavors, targeted strategies and collaboration are imperative to address diagnostic uncertainties and explore potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Daiyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Meiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China.
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Binhai, Jiangsu Province, 224500, P. R. China.
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2
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Lek A, Atas E, Lin B, Hesterlee SE, Abbott JK, Byrne BJ, Bönnemann CG. Meeting Report: 2023 Muscular Dystrophy Association Summit on 'Safety and Challenges in Gene Therapy of Neuromuscular Diseases'. J Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 11:1139-1160. [PMID: 39121133 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-240002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
This meeting report summarizes the presentations and discussions held at the summit on Challenges in Gene Therapy hosted by the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) in 2023. Topics covered include safety issues, mitigation strategies and practical considerations pertaining to the clinical translation of gene therapies for neuromuscular disease. The listing of actionable recommendations will assist in overall efforts in the field to achieve safe and efficacious translation of gene therapies for neuromuscular disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lek
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evrim Atas
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jordan K Abbott
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Andreoletti G, Romano O, Chou HJ, Sefid-Dashti MJ, Grilli A, Chen C, Lakshman N, Purushothaman P, Varfaj F, Mavilio F, Bicciato S, Urbinati F. High-throughput transcriptome analyses from ASPIRO, a phase 1/2/3 study of gene replacement therapy for X-linked myotubular myopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1648-1660. [PMID: 37673065 PMCID: PMC10577074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe congenital disease characterized by profound muscle weakness, respiratory failure, and early death. No approved therapy for XLMTM is currently available. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene replacement therapy has shown promise as an investigational therapeutic strategy. We aimed to characterize the transcriptomic changes in muscle biopsies of individuals with XLMTM who received resamirigene bilparvovec (AT132; rAAV8-Des-hMTM1) in the ASPIRO clinical trial and to identify potential biomarkers that correlate with therapeutic outcome. We leveraged RNA-sequencing data from the muscle biopsies of 15 study participants and applied differential expression analysis, gene co-expression analysis, and machine learning to characterize the transcriptomic changes at baseline (pre-dose) and at 24 and 48 weeks after resamirigene bilparvovec dosing. As expected, MTM1 expression levels were significantly increased after dosing (p < 0.0001). Differential expression analysis identified upregulated genes after dosing that were enriched in several pathways, including lipid metabolism and inflammatory response pathways, and downregulated genes were enriched in cell-cell adhesion and muscle development pathways. Genes involved in inflammatory and immune pathways were differentially expressed between participants exhibiting ventilator support reduction of either greater or less than 6 h/day after gene therapy compared to pre-dosing. Co-expression analysis identified similarly regulated genes, which were grouped into modules. Finally, the machine learning model identified five genes, including MTM1, as potential RNA biomarkers to monitor the progress of AAV gene replacement therapy. These findings further extend our understanding of AAV-mediated gene therapy in individuals with XLMTM at the transcriptomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Andreoletti
- Astellas Gene Therapies (formerly Audentes Therapeutics), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Oriana Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Hsin-Jung Chou
- Astellas Gene Therapies (formerly Audentes Therapeutics), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Grilli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Clarice Chen
- Astellas Gene Therapies (formerly Audentes Therapeutics), San Francisco, CA, USA; Tox and Text Solutions, LLC, Anaheim, CA 92807, USA
| | - Neema Lakshman
- Astellas Gene Therapies (formerly Audentes Therapeutics), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pravin Purushothaman
- Astellas Gene Therapies (formerly Audentes Therapeutics), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fatbardha Varfaj
- Astellas Gene Therapies (formerly Audentes Therapeutics), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fulvio Mavilio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Urbinati
- Astellas Gene Therapies (formerly Audentes Therapeutics), San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Huang D, Chen S, Xiong D, Wang H, Zhu L, Wei Y, Li Y, Zou S. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Working with the Cytoskeleton and Intracellular Organelles to Mediate Mechanotransduction. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1511-1532. [PMID: 37196113 PMCID: PMC10529762 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to various mechanical environments; therefore, it is important that they are able to sense and adapt to changes. It is known that the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in mediating and generating extra- and intracellular forces and that mitochondrial dynamics are crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which cells integrate mechanosensing, mechanotransduction, and metabolic reprogramming remain poorly understood. In this review, we first discuss the interaction between mitochondrial dynamics and cytoskeletal components, followed by the annotation of membranous organelles intimately related to mitochondrial dynamic events. Finally, we discuss the evidence supporting the participation of mitochondria in mechanotransduction and corresponding alterations in cellular energy conditions. Notable advances in bioenergetics and biomechanics suggest that the mechanotransduction system composed of mitochondria, the cytoskeletal system, and membranous organelles is regulated through mitochondrial dynamics, which may be a promising target for further investigation and precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Nie X, You W, Zhang Z, Gao F, Zhou XH, Wang HL, Wang LH, Chen G, Wang CH, Hong CY, Shao Q, Wang F, Xia L, Li Y, You YZ. DPA-Zinc around Polyplexes Acts Like PEG to Reduce Protein Binding While Targeting Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203252. [PMID: 37154112 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise as an effective treatment for many diseases of genetic origin. Gene therapy works by employing cationic polymers, liposomes, and nanoparticles to condense DNA into polyplexes via electronic interactions. Then, a therapeutic gene is introduced into target cells, thereby restoring or changing cellular function. However, gene transfection efficiency remains low in vivo due to high protein binding, poor targeting ability, and substantial endosomal entrapment. Artificial sheaths containing PEG, anions, or zwitterions can be introduced onto the surface of gene carriers to prevent interaction with proteins; however, they reduce the cellular uptake efficacy, endosomal escape, targeting ability, thereby, lowering gene transfection. Here, it is reported that linking dipicolylamine-zinc (DPA-Zn) ions onto polyplex nanoparticles can produce a strong hydration water layer around the polyplex, mimicking the function of PEGylation to reduce protein binding while targeting cancer cells, augmenting cellular uptake and endosomal escape. The polyplexes with a strong hydration water layer on the surface can achieve a high gene transfection even in a 50% serum environment. This strategy provides a new solution for preventing protein adsorption while improving cellular uptake and endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wei You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Fan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hai-Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chang-Hui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lei Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ye-Zi You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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6
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MYTHO is a novel regulator of skeletal muscle autophagy and integrity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1199. [PMID: 36864049 PMCID: PMC9981687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical process in the regulation of muscle mass, function and integrity. The molecular mechanisms regulating autophagy are complex and still partly understood. Here, we identify and characterize a novel FoxO-dependent gene, d230025d16rik which we named Mytho (Macroautophagy and YouTH Optimizer), as a regulator of autophagy and skeletal muscle integrity in vivo. Mytho is significantly up-regulated in various mouse models of skeletal muscle atrophy. Short term depletion of MYTHO in mice attenuates muscle atrophy caused by fasting, denervation, cancer cachexia and sepsis. While MYTHO overexpression is sufficient to trigger muscle atrophy, MYTHO knockdown results in a progressive increase in muscle mass associated with a sustained activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Prolonged MYTHO knockdown is associated with severe myopathic features, including impaired autophagy, muscle weakness, myofiber degeneration, and extensive ultrastructural defects, such as accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and tubular aggregates. Inhibition of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in mice using rapamycin treatment attenuates the myopathic phenotype triggered by MYTHO knockdown. Skeletal muscles from human patients diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) display reduced Mytho expression, activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway and impaired autophagy, raising the possibility that low Mytho expression might contribute to the progression of the disease. We conclude that MYTHO is a key regulator of muscle autophagy and integrity.
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Serotype-specific transduction of canine joint tissue explants and cultured monolayers by self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors. Gene Ther 2022; 30:398-404. [PMID: 36261499 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A formal screening of self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) vector serotypes in canine joint tissues has not been performed to date. Selecting appropriate serotypes is crucial for successful treatment due to their varying levels of tissue tropism. The objective of this study is to identify the most optimal scAAV vector serotype that maximizes transduction efficiencies in canine cell monolayer cultures (chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells) and tissue explant cultures (cartilage and synovium). Transduction efficiencies of scAAV serotypes 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9 were evaluated in each culture type in three different vector concentrations by encoding a green fluorescent protein. It was found that scAAV2 and 2.5 showed the overall highest transduction efficiency among serotypes with dose-response. Since possible immune response against conventional AAV2 was previously reported in dogs, the chimeric scAAV2.5 may be more suitable to use. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the scAAV2.5 vector with an appropriate therapeutic gene in vivo is indicated.
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Morton SU, Christodoulou J, Costain G, Muntoni F, Wakeling E, Wojcik MH, French CE, Szuto A, Dowling JJ, Cohn RD, Raymond FL, Darras BT, Williams DA, Lunke S, Stark Z, Rowitch DH, Agrawal PB. Multicenter Consensus Approach to Evaluation of Neonatal Hypotonia in the Genomic Era: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:405-413. [PMID: 35254387 PMCID: PMC10134401 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Importance Infants with hypotonia can present with a variety of potentially severe clinical signs and symptoms and often require invasive testing and multiple procedures. The wide range of clinical presentations and potential etiologies leaves diagnosis and prognosis uncertain, underscoring the need for rapid elucidation of the underlying genetic cause of disease. Observations The clinical application of exome sequencing or genome sequencing has dramatically improved the timely yield of diagnostic testing for neonatal hypotonia, with diagnostic rates of greater than 50% in academic neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US, which compose the International Precision Child Health Partnership (IPCHiP). A total of 74% (17 of 23) of patients had a change in clinical care in response to genetic diagnosis, including 2 patients who received targeted therapy. This narrative review discusses the common causes of neonatal hypotonia, the relative benefits and limitations of available testing modalities used in NICUs, and hypotonia management recommendations. Conclusions and Relevance This narrative review summarizes the causes of neonatal hypotonia and the benefits of prompt genetic diagnosis, including improved prognostication and identification of targeted treatments which can improve the short-term and long-term outcomes. Institutional resources can vary among different NICUs; as a result, consideration should be given to rule out a small number of relatively unique conditions for which rapid targeted genetic testing is available. Nevertheless, the consensus recommendation is to use rapid genome or exome sequencing as a first-line testing option for NICU patients with unexplained hypotonia. As part of the IPCHiP, this diagnostic experience will be collected in a central database with the goal of advancing knowledge of neonatal hypotonia and improving evidence-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Christodoulou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory Costain
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monica H Wojcik
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney E French
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Szuto
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald D Cohn
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Lawlor MW, Dowling JJ. X-linked myotubular myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1004-1012. [PMID: 34736623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe congenital muscle disease caused by mutation in the MTM1 gene. MTM1 encodes myotubularin (MTM1), an endosomal phosphatase that acts to dephosphorylate key second messenger lipids PI3P and PI3,5P2. XLMTM is clinically characterized by profound muscle weakness and associated with multiple disabilities (including ventilator and wheelchair dependence) and early death in most affected individuals. The disease is classically defined by characteristic changes observed on muscle biopsy, including centrally located nuclei, myofiber hypotrophy, and organelle disorganization. In this review, we highlight the clinical and pathologic features of the disease, present concepts related to disease pathomechanisms, and present recent advances in therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology and Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Departments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada.
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10
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Gómez-Oca R, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Common Pathogenic Mechanisms in Centronuclear and Myotubular Myopathies and Latest Treatment Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11377. [PMID: 34768808 PMCID: PMC8583656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are rare congenital disorders characterized by muscle weakness and structural defects including fiber hypotrophy and organelle mispositioning. The main CNM forms are caused by mutations in: the MTM1 gene encoding the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (myotubular myopathy), the DNM2 gene encoding the mechanoenzyme dynamin 2, the BIN1 gene encoding the membrane curvature sensing amphiphysin 2, and the RYR1 gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor. MTM1, BIN1, and DNM2 proteins are involved in membrane remodeling and trafficking, while RyR1 directly regulates excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Several CNM animal models have been generated or identified, which confirm shared pathological anomalies in T-tubule remodeling, ECC, organelle mispositioning, protein homeostasis, neuromuscular junction, and muscle regeneration. Dynamin 2 plays a crucial role in CNM physiopathology and has been validated as a common therapeutic target for three CNM forms. Indeed, the promising results in preclinical models set up the basis for ongoing clinical trials. Another two clinical trials to treat myotubular myopathy by MTM1 gene therapy or tamoxifen repurposing are also ongoing. Here, we review the contribution of the different CNM models to understanding physiopathology and therapy development with a focus on the commonly dysregulated pathways and current therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Oca
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Dynacure, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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11
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Djeddi S, Reiss D, Menuet A, Freismuth S, de Carvalho Neves J, Djerroud S, Massana-Muñoz X, Sosson AS, Kretz C, Raffelsberger W, Keime C, Dorchies OM, Thompson J, Laporte J. Multi-omics comparisons of different forms of centronuclear myopathies and the effects of several therapeutic strategies. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2514-2534. [PMID: 33940157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omics analyses are powerful methods to obtain an integrated view of complex biological processes, disease progression, or therapy efficiency. However, few studies have compared different disease forms and different therapy strategies to define the common molecular signatures representing the most significant implicated pathways. In this study, we used RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry to profile the transcriptomes and proteomes of mouse models for three forms of centronuclear myopathies (CNMs), untreated or treated with either a drug (tamoxifen), antisense oligonucleotides reducing the level of dynamin 2 (DNM2), or following modulation of DNM2 or amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) through genetic crosses. Unsupervised analysis and differential gene and protein expression were performed to retrieve CNM molecular signatures. Longitudinal studies before, at, and after disease onset highlighted potential disease causes and consequences. Main pathways in the common CNM disease signature include muscle contraction, regeneration and inflammation. The common therapy signature revealed novel potential therapeutic targets, including the calcium regulator sarcolipin. We identified several novel biomarkers validated in muscle and/or plasma through RNA quantification, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays, including ANXA2 and IGFBP2. This study validates the concept of using multi-omics approaches to identify molecular signatures common to different disease forms and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Djeddi
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - David Reiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Alexia Menuet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Sébastien Freismuth
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Juliana de Carvalho Neves
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Sarah Djerroud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Xènia Massana-Muñoz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Sosson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Kretz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Wolfgang Raffelsberger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Céline Keime
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Olivier M Dorchies
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Thompson
- Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics (CSTB), ICube Laboratory-CNRS, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
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12
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Dupont JB. Genetic diseases in the omics era. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2389-2390. [PMID: 34297919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Dupont
- INSERM UMR 1089, Translational Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases, Université de Nantes, 44200 Nantes, France.
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13
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Hanson B, Wood MJA, Roberts TC. Molecular correction of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by splice modulation and gene editing. RNA Biol 2021; 18:1048-1062. [PMID: 33472516 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1874161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a currently incurable X-linked neuromuscular disorder, characterized by progressive muscle wasting and premature death, typically as a consequence of cardiac failure. DMD-causing mutations in the dystrophin gene are highly diverse, meaning that the development of a universally-applicable therapy to treat all patients is very challenging. The leading therapeutic strategy for DMD is antisense oligonucleotide-mediated splice modulation, whereby one or more specific exons are excluded from the mature dystrophin mRNA in order to correct the translation reading frame. Indeed, three exon skipping oligonucleotides have received FDA approval for use in DMD patients. Second-generation exon skipping drugs (i.e. peptide-antisense oligonucleotide conjugates) exhibit enhanced potency, and also induce dystrophin restoration in the heart. Similarly, multiple additional antisense oligonucleotide drugs targeting various exons are in clinical development in order to treat a greater proportion of DMD patient mutations. Relatively recent advances in the field of genome engineering (specifically, the development of the CRISPR/Cas system) have provided multiple promising therapeutic approaches for the RNA-directed genetic correction of DMD, including exon excision, exon reframing via the introduction of insertion/deletion mutations, disruption of splice signals to promote exon skipping, and the templated correction of point mutations by seamless homology directed repair or base editing technology. Potential limitations to the clinical translation of the splice modulation and gene editing approaches are discussed, including drug delivery, the importance of uniform dystrophin expression in corrected myofibres, safety issues (e.g. renal toxicity, viral vector immunogenicity, and off-target gene editing), and the high cost of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Hanson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas C Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Oxford, UK
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14
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Tozaki T, Ohnuma A, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Kakoi H, Hirota KI, Hamilton NA, Kusano K, Nagata SI. Whole-genome resequencing using genomic DNA extracted from horsehair roots for gene-doping control in horse sports. J Equine Sci 2020; 31:75-83. [PMID: 33376443 PMCID: PMC7750640 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene doping is prohibited in horseracing and equestrian sports. In previous studies, we
developed non-targeted transgene and genome editing detection methods based on whole
genome resequencing (WGR) using genomic DNA extracted from whole blood. In this study, we
aimed to develop a WGR method using DNA extracts from hair roots. Hair roots are a
preferred substrate because their collection is less invasive than blood collection. Hair
is also easier to store for long periods of time. Although almost all genomic DNA
extracted from hair root samples stored for years at room temperature was degraded, the
quality of genomic DNA from samples stored for years at refrigerated temperatures (4–8°C)
was maintained. High-molecular-weight genomic DNA was isolated from hair roots using a
magnetic silica beads method of extraction, enabling WGR from horsehair root extracts.
Nucleotide sequencing results and numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and
insertions/deletions concurred with those previously reported for WGR of DNA extracted
from whole blood. Therefore, we consider that storing hair samples at refrigerated
temperatures prevents degradation of DNA, allowing the detection of gene doping in these
samples based on WGR. It is likely this finding will also have a deterrent effect, as it
is now possible to test horses with archived samples even if they or their parents are
deceased. To our knowledge, this is the first report employing WGR on horsehair roots
stored for a long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Tozaki
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | - Aoi Ohnuma
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | - Mio Kikuchi
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | - Taichiro Ishige
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | - Hironaga Kakoi
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Hirota
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
| | | | - Kanichi Kusano
- Equine Department, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo 106-8401, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Nagata
- Genetic Analysis Department, Laboratory of Racing Chemistry, Tochigi 320-0851, Japan
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15
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Buscara L, Gross DA, Daniele N. Of rAAV and Men: From Genetic Neuromuscular Disorder Efficacy and Toxicity Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials and Back. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E258. [PMID: 33260623 PMCID: PMC7768510 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders are a large group of rare pathologies characterised by skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, with the common involvement of respiratory and/or cardiac muscles. These diseases lead to life-long motor deficiencies and specific organ failures, and are, in their worst-case scenarios, life threatening. Amongst other causes, they can be genetically inherited through mutations in more than 500 different genes. In the last 20 years, specific pharmacological treatments have been approved for human usage. However, these "à-la-carte" therapies cover only a very small portion of the clinical needs and are often partially efficient in alleviating the symptoms of the disease, even less so in curing it. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector-mediated gene transfer is a more general strategy that could be adapted for a large majority of these diseases and has proved very efficient in rescuing the symptoms in many neuropathological animal models. On this solid ground, several clinical trials are currently being conducted with the whole-body delivery of the therapeutic vectors. This review recapitulates the state-of-the-art tools for neuron and muscle-targeted gene therapy, and summarises the main findings of the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) trials. Despite promising efficacy results, serious adverse events of various severities were observed in these trials. Possible leads for second-generation products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David-Alexandre Gross
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; (L.B.); (D.-A.G.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
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16
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Ross JA, Tasfaout H, Levy Y, Morgan J, Cowling BS, Laporte J, Zanoteli E, Romero NB, Lowe DA, Jungbluth H, Lawlor MW, Mack DL, Ochala J. rAAV-related therapy fully rescues myonuclear and myofilament function in X-linked myotubular myopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:167. [PMID: 33076971 PMCID: PMC7574461 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a life-threatening skeletal muscle disease caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene. XLMTM fibres display a population of nuclei mispositioned in the centre. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether positioning and overall distribution of nuclei affects cellular organization and contractile function, thereby contributing to muscle weakness in this disease. We also assessed whether gene therapy alters nuclear arrangement and function. We used tissue from human patients and animal models, including XLMTM dogs that had received increasing doses of recombinant AAV8 vector restoring MTM1 expression (rAAV8-cMTM1). We then used single isolated muscle fibres to analyze nuclear organization and contractile function. In addition to the expected mislocalization of nuclei in the centre of muscle fibres, a novel form of nuclear mispositioning was observed: irregular spacing between those located at the fibre periphery, and an overall increased number of nuclei, leading to dramatically smaller and inconsistent myonuclear domains. Nuclear mislocalization was associated with decreases in global nuclear synthetic activity, contractile protein content and intrinsic myofilament force production. A contractile deficit originating at the myofilaments, rather than mechanical interference by centrally positioned nuclei, was supported by experiments in regenerated mouse muscle. Systemic administration of rAAV8-cMTM1 at doses higher than 2.5 × 1013 vg kg−1 allowed a full rescue of all these cellular defects in XLMTM dogs. Altogether, these findings identify previously unrecognized pathological mechanisms in human and animal XLMTM, associated with myonuclear defects and contractile filament function. These defects can be reversed by gene therapy restoring MTM1 expression in dogs with XLMTM.
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17
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Koch C, Buono S, Menuet A, Robé A, Djeddi S, Kretz C, Gomez-Oca R, Depla M, Monseur A, Thielemans L, Servais L, Laporte J, Cowling BS. Myostatin: a Circulating Biomarker Correlating with Disease in Myotubular Myopathy Mice and Patients. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:1178-1189. [PMID: 32514412 PMCID: PMC7267729 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myotubular myopathy, also called X-linked centronuclear myopathy (XL-CNM), is a severe congenital disease targeted for therapeutic trials. To date, biomarkers to monitor disease progression and therapy efficacy are lacking. The Mtm1 -/y mouse is a faithful model for XL-CNM, due to myotubularin 1 (MTM1) loss-of-function mutations. Using both an unbiased approach (RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]) and a directed approach (qRT-PCR and protein level), we identified decreased Mstn levels in Mtm1 -/y muscle, leading to low levels of myostatin in muscle and plasma. Myostatin (Mstn or growth differentiation factor 8 [Gdf8]) is a protein released by myocytes and inhibiting muscle growth and differentiation. Decreasing Dnm2 by genetic cross with Dnm2 +/- mice or by antisense oligonucleotides blocked or postponed disease progression and resulted in an increase in circulating myostatin. In addition, plasma myostatin levels inversely correlated with disease severity and with Dnm2 mRNA levels in muscles. Altered Mstn levels were associated with a generalized disruption of the myostatin pathway. Importantly, in two different forms of CNMs we identified reduced circulating myostatin levels in plasma from patients. This provides evidence of a blood-based biomarker that may be used to monitor disease state in XL-CNM mice and patients and supports monitoring circulating myostatin during clinical trials for myotubular myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexia Menuet
- Dynacure, Illkirch, France.,Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Sarah Djeddi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Kretz
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | - Raquel Gomez-Oca
- Dynacure, Illkirch, France.,Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Servais
- Hopital Armand Trousseau, Institute I-Motion, Institute of Myology, Paris, France.,MDUK Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Division of Child Neurology, Centre de Références des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège & University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Strasbourg University, Illkirch, France
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