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Chondronikola M, Yoshino J, Ramaswamy R, Giardina JD, Laforest R, Wahl RL, Patterson BW, Mittendorfer B, Klein S. Very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and free fatty acid plasma kinetics in women with high or low brown adipose tissue volume and overweight/obesity. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101370. [PMID: 38232692 PMCID: PMC10829791 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Although a high amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with low plasma triglyceride concentration, the mechanism responsible for this relationship in people is not clear. Here, we evaluate the interrelationships among BAT, very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) plasma kinetics during thermoneutrality in women with overweight/obesity who had a low (<20 mL) or high (≥20 mL) volume of cold-activated BAT (assessed by using positron emission tomography in conjunction with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-glucose). We find that plasma TG and FFA concentrations are lower and VLDL-TG and FFA plasma clearance rates are faster in women with high BAT than low BAT volume, whereas VLDL-TG and FFA appearance rates in plasma are not different between the two groups. These findings demonstrate that women with high BAT volume have lower plasma TG and FFA concentrations than women with low BAT volumes because of increased VLDL-TG and FFA clearance rates. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02786251).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chondronikola
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece.
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raja Ramaswamy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard Laforest
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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Farooq S, Rana S, Siddiqui AJ, Iqbal A, Bhatti AA, Musharraf SG. Association of lipid metabolism-related metabolites with overweight/obesity based on the FTO rs1421085. Mol Omics 2023; 19:697-705. [PMID: 37540205 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, obesity is a severe health issue. A more precise and practical approach is required to enhance clinical care and drug development. The FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene variant rs1421085 is strongly associated with an increased susceptibility to obesity in numerous populations; however, the precise mechanism behind this association concerning metabolomics is still not understood. This study aims to examine the association between metabolites and obesity-related anthropometric traits based on the variant FTO rs1421085. This study was based on a case-control design involving a total of 542 participants including overweight/obese cases and healthy controls. The blood samples were collected from all the participants. The isolated serum samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics using GC-MS. The isolated DNA samples were genotyped for the FTO rs1421085 variant. Initially, a total of 42 metabolites were identified on GC-MS, which were subjected to further association analyses. The study observed a significant association of two metabolites, glycerol and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl stearate with FTO gene variant rs1421085 and obesity-related anthropometric traits including % BF, WHtR, WC, and HC. The CT genotype of FTO rs1421085 may greatly increase the risk of overweight/obesity by changing the lipid metabolism-related metabolites. Therefore, this study highlights the significance of biochemical networks in the progression of obesity in carriers of the FTO rs1421085 risk genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Farooq
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Sobia Rana
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Iqbal
- Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Sohail University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Adil Anwar Bhatti
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Association of obesity and cardiovascular disease and progress in pharmacotherapy: what is next for obesity? Int J Rehabil Res 2023; 46:14-25. [PMID: 36727942 DOI: 10.1097/mrr.0000000000000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has recently emerged as one of the most severe health concerns. Obesity is a key autonomous risk factor for heart failure and contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic abnormalities. Obesity is caused by a metabolic imbalance, which occurs when calories burnt are fewer than the number of calories consumed. There are several pathways accountable for the adverse impacts of obesity on the cardiovascular system. Inflammatory cell infiltration develops in the adipose tissue, the pancreas, and other issues similar to the progression of obesity. Inflammation is triggered by immune cells that invade dysfunctional adipose tissue. The atherosclerotic inflammation phase, related to obesity, induces coronary calcification. Obesity is linked to elevated levels of leptin and high blood pressure. Leptin causes systemic vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and increased blood pressure by influencing the synthesis of nitric oxide and activating the sympathetic nervous system. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for CVD and is one of the leading causes of the greater risk of diseases, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, depression, metabolic syndrome, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure in adults and children. When used with dietary improvements, antiobesity drugs improve the probability of experiencing clinically healthy (5%) weight loss. This review aimed to address the consequences of obesity on cardiac structure and function, risk factors, the impact of the obesity paradox, pharmacological treatment strategies for managing and recommended exercise and diet.
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Sun L. Effects of blood flow restriction training on anthropometric and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults: Meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1039591. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1039591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Purpose: To systematically evaluate the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) on anthropometric indicators and blood lipids in overweight/obese adults.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases to determine the final literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and Stata 17.0 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results: A total of 3,985 articles were screened, and five of the studies were included in the Meta-analysis, with a total 66 participants. In each study, subjects were measured before and after BFRT. Meta-results showed that BFRT significantly reduced BMI, lowered body weight, body fat % and waist circumference, significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, lowered triglycerides, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in overweight/obese adults.Conclusion: BFRT can be used as a safe and effective exercise prescription for personalized weight/fat loss. BFRT significantly reduces BMI by reducing body weight, body fat %, and waist circumference and has the effect of improving body composition. It also significantly reduced TC and LDL-C and tends to decrease TG and increase HDL-C in overweight/obese adults, potentially reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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Daniels CC, Isaacs Z, Finelli R, Leisegang K. The efficacy of Zingiber officinale on dyslipidaemia, blood pressure, and inflammation as cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:72-82. [PMID: 36184251 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and chronic inflammation contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Zingiber officinale has been suggested to reduce these CVD risk factors; however, the clinical evidence remains unclear. This systematic review aims to analyse the effect of Z. officinale as a sole intervention on these risk factors. METHODS In this PRISMA-based systematic review, we included randomised clinical trials from PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (July 2020) analysing triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL), total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1, 6, 10, systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure as outcomes. Quality of studies was evaluated by JADAD and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. RESULTS A total of 24 studies were included, mostly (79.2%) showing low risk of bias. These were based on obesity and cardio-metabolic derangements (33.3%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (37.5%), and miscellaneous conditions (29.2%). While total cholesterol and triglycerides levels mostly improved after Z. officinale, results were inconsistent for other blood lipids markers. Inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α) were more consistently reduced by Z. officinale, while only 3 studies reported a non-significant reduction of blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Although there remains a paucity of studies, Z. officinale may be beneficial for improving dyslipidaemia and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Courtney Daniels
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Zaiyaan Isaacs
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | | | - Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
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Pelczyńska M, Burak W, Królak S, Geppert A, Lipczyński M, Grzybołowska J, Kociubiński P. The role of the dietary patterns in the cardiovascular disease risk prevention. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a part of a wide group of diseases, which became main threat to the life and health of the population in highly developed countries. To prevent and treat CVD, in addition to implementation of pharmacological methods, there are a number of lifestyle components, including eating habits, that significantly influence the development of these diseases. The dietary patterns strongly correlate with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Modifications of the dietary habits allow to control many parameters such as: body weight, cholesterol/triglyceride levels or blood pressure. Alternative diets are frequently used to reduce the risk of developing a CVD. The main recommended dietary patterns includes Mediterranean diet (MD), the DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) and mild variants of vegetarianism. The more controversial nutritional styles includes the ketogenic or vegan diets. Due to various assumptions as well as the mechanisms of action of each diets, an attempt of its evaluation have been made. The aim of our study is to review and analyze the available data on the impact of various nutrition models regarding to cardiovascular diseases risk prevention.
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Wang J, Sun X, Jiao L, Xiao Z, Riaz F, Zhang Y, Xu P, Liu R, Tang T, Liu M, Li D. Clinical characteristics and variant analyses of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia related to GPD1 gene. Front Genet 2022; 13:916672. [PMID: 36051699 PMCID: PMC9424621 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.916672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our study aims to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia (HTGTI) and variants in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) gene and the effect of HTGTI on the protein structure of GPD1.Methods: Retrospective analysis, using the general data, symptoms, signs, and auxiliary examinations, was performed on patients with HTGTI, which were confirmed by genetic testing in our hospital and reported cases online. The clinical data were analyzed using statistical and bioinformatic approaches.Results: A total of 31 genetically confirmed HTGTI patients were collected from our hospital and cases reported in the literature. The clinical manifestations showed the median age of onset was 6.0 (1.9, 12.0) months. All the patients had normal psychiatric status, but 22.6% of them presented growth retardation and short stature, 93.5% had hepatomegaly, and 16.1% had splenomegaly. Just a few children were reported with jaundice, cholestasis, and obesity (3.2–6.5%). The laboratory investigations showed that 96.8% of them had hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) with a median level of 3.1 (2.1, 5.5) mmol/L, but only 30.0% had returned to normal during follow-up. In addition, 93.5% of patients had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with an average level of 92.1 ± 43.5 U/L, while 38.7% had hypercholesterolemia. Upon abdominal imaging, all patients presented fatty liver and liver steatosis, with 66.7% of patients showing hepatic fibrosis. Statistical differences in triglyceride (TG) level were observed in the ≤6 months group compared with the older groups and in the 13 months to 6 years group with >6 years group (H = 22.02, P < 0.05). The restricted cubic spline model showed that severe HTG decreased in the early stage of infants to the normal level; however, it rebounded again to a mild or moderate level after the following days. The genetic test revealed that the main variant types of the GPD1 gene were missense variants (51.6%), followed by splicing variants (35.5%) and nonsense variants (12.9%). Of patients, 87.1% had homozygous variants, with the most frequent loci being c.361-1G > C and c.895G > A.Conclusion: The common manifestations of HTGTI were HTG, hepatomegaly, elevated liver transaminases, and hepatic steatosis in early infancy. However, the recurrence of aberrant HTG may pose long-term detrimental effects on HTGTI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Second Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinrong Sun
- Second Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lianying Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhengtao Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Farooq Riaz
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Second Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Second Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- Second Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Second Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- Second Department of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmin Li,
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Atherogenic index of plasma predicts coronary artery disease severity and major adverse cardiac events in absence of conventional risk factors. Coron Artery Dis 2022; 33:523-530. [PMID: 35811555 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various overlapping risk factors lead to coronary artery disease (CAD). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a marker for CAD severity and progression. However, little is known about its contribution to the residual risk of CAD observed in the absence of all typical risk factors. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 366 Indian patients undergoing coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography and diagnosed with stable CAD. Diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, previous CAD, alcohol or lipid-lowering medication intake, renal, liver or thyroid dysfunction were exclusion criteria. Coronary stenosis was graded using the CAD-reporting and data system (CAD-RADS™) system. Lipid profile, HbA1c, uric acid, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and anthropometric measurements were taken. AIP, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and total cholesterol (Tc)/HDLc ratios were calculated. Independent predictors of CAD severity and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during 2.57 (0.52) years of follow-up were identified using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Sixty patients experienced a MACE during a cumulative 887.03 person-years. HbA1c, uric acid, hsCRP, Tc/HDLc and AIP were independent predictors of severe coronary lesions (CAD-RADS 4,5) on multivariate analysis with odds ratio 4.52 (2.37-8.61), 1.41 (1.08-1.84), 1.33 (1.09-1.62), 1.76 (1.27-2.44) and 1.29 (1.11-1.50), respectively. Only AIP and Tc/HDLc were independent predictors of MACE with hazard ratios of 1.41 (1.20-1.65) and 1.78 (1.33-2.39) besides patient age and CAD severity. CONCLUSION AIP is associated with both the severity of CAD and the occurrence of MACE within 3 years. It could serve as an effective marker of residual risk of CAD in patients devoid of traditional risk factors. Lipid-profile ratios, such as AIP are cost-effective and accessible parameters suitable for low and middle-income settings.
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Prognostic significance of multiple triglycerides-derived metabolic indices in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Geriatr Cardiol 2022; 19:456-468. [PMID: 35845160 PMCID: PMC9248272 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triglyceride (TG) and its related metabolic indices, all recognized as surrogates of insulin resistance, have been demonstrated to be relevant to clinical prognosis. However, the relative value of these TG-related indices for predicting cardiovascular events among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been examined. METHODS The TG, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the atherogenic index of plasma, TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and the lipoprotein combine index were assessed in 1694 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), which was the composite of all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, or unplanned repeat revascularization. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 31 months, 345 patients (20.4%) had MACE. The risk of the MACE was increased with higher TG and the four TG-derived metabolic indices [TG-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.001-1.003; TyG index-adjusted HR = 1.736, 95% CI: 1.398-2.156; atherogenic index of plasma-adjusted HR = 2.513, 95% CI: 1.562-4.043; TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio-adjusted HR = 1.148, 95% CI: 1.048-1.258; and lipoprotein combine index-adjusted HR = 1.009, 95% CI: 1.004-1.014; P < 0.001 for all indices]. TG and all the four indices significantly improved the predictive ability for MACE in addition to the baseline model. Among them, TyG index showed the best ability for predicting MACE compared with the other three indices from all the three measurements ( P < 0.05 for all comparison). CONCLUSIONS TG and TG-derived metabolic indices were all strongly associated with MACE among ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Among all the indices, TyG index showed the best ability to predict the risk of MACE.
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Adninta L, Samsuria I, Limijadi EKS. Correlation between HbA1c and Triglyceride Level with Coronary Stenosis Degree in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Coronary Heart Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) increased 2–4 times more than non-diabetics because of coronary stenosis. One of the risk factors for CHD in type 2 DM is dyslipidemia. Hypertriglyceridemia plays an important role in atherosclerosis coronary arteries theoretically.
AIM: This study analyzed the parameters of HbA1c and triglyceride levels with the stenosis severity of coronary artery that occurs in type 2 DM patients with CHD that has not been analyzed so far.
METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study. Forty patients of type 2 DM with CHD in Kariadi Hospital on September 2013 were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HbA1c level in plasma was measured by turbidimetric immunoassay method. Triglyceride level was measured by enzymatic methods. Coronary stenosis was based on coronary angiography result as percentage. Spearman correlation test was used and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Mean HbA1c and triglyceride levels were 8.89 ± 1.498 % and 220.97 ± 92.24 mg/dL. The correlation test between HbA1c and triglycerides (TG) level with coronary stenosis, respectively, was p <0.001, r = 0.665; p = 0.001, r = 0.501. In addition, correlation between HbA1c and TG was p = 0.002, r = 0.466.
CONCLUSION: HbA1c and triglyceride levels increase in line with the increasing stenosis severity of coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 DM.
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Oleic acid promotes atherosclerosis via multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mishra BH, Mishra PP, Mononen N, Hilvo M, Sievänen H, Juonala M, Laaksonen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Laaksonen R, Lehtimäki T. Uncovering the shared lipidomic markers of subclinical osteoporosis-atherosclerosis comorbidity: The Young Finns Study. Bone 2021; 151:116030. [PMID: 34098163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are complex multifactorial diseases sharing common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms suggesting that these are comorbidities. Omics studies identifying joint molecular markers associated with these diseases are sparse. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we quantified 437 molecular lipid species from the Young Finns Study cohort (aged 30-45 years and 57% women) and performed lipidome-wide multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with early markers for both diseases. Carotid intima-media thickness for atherosclerosis measured with ultrasound and bone mineral density from distal radius and tibia for osteoporosis measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography were used as early markers of the diseases. RESULTS MANOVA adjusted with age, sex and body mass index, identified eight statistically significant (adjusted p-value (padj) < 0.05) and 15 suggestively significant (padj < 0.25) molecular lipid species associated with the studied markers. Similar analysis adjusted additionally for smoking habit, physical activity and alcohol consumption identified four significant and six suggestively significant molecular lipid species. These most significant lipid classes/species jointly associated with the studied markers were glycerolipid/TAG(18:0/18:0/18:1), glycerophospholipid/PC(40:3), sphingolipid/Gb3(d18:1/22:0), and sphingolipid/Gb3(d18:1/24:0). CONCLUSION Our results support the osteoporosis-atherosclerosis comorbidity hypothesis and present potential new joint lipid biomarkers for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binisha H Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Zora Biosciences Oy, Espoo, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Lin H, Fang Y, Han L, Chen J, Lou J, Yu J. Case Report: Identification of a Novel Homozygous Mutation in GPD1 Gene of a Chinese Child With Transient Infantile Hypertriglyceridemia. Front Genet 2021; 12:726116. [PMID: 34484308 PMCID: PMC8416348 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.726116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, hypohepatia, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in infancy. Mutations in GPD1 gene are considered the causative factor but the underlying mechanism of this disorder is still enigmatic. To date, only 24 different GPD1 mutations have been reported in the literature worldwide with transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia or relevant conditions. Here we report a Chinese girl who developed hepatomegaly hepatic steatosis, elevated transaminase and hypertriglyceridemia from the age of 4 months. A novel homozygous variant c.454C>T (p.Q152*) was found in GPD1 gene by next-generation sequencing. This patient is the 3rd Asian reported with transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia. We summarized the clinical presentations of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia and also expanded the spectrum of disease-causing mutations in GPD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital, National Center for Clinical Medical Research in Children Health and Disease, National Regional Medical Centre for Children, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youhong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital, National Center for Clinical Medical Research in Children Health and Disease, National Regional Medical Centre for Children, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Han
- Running Gene Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital, National Center for Clinical Medical Research in Children Health and Disease, National Regional Medical Centre for Children, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingan Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital, National Center for Clinical Medical Research in Children Health and Disease, National Regional Medical Centre for Children, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jindan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital, National Center for Clinical Medical Research in Children Health and Disease, National Regional Medical Centre for Children, Hangzhou, China
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Ponnam HB, Akondi BR, Mohammed I, Chakali B. Hypertriglyceridemia treated with Fucus vesiculosus - A case series. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:549-552. [PMID: 34275704 PMCID: PMC8377178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease (as established through various previously conducted studies) and it's rising incidence is creating a need for the immediate attention of it's management. Instead of focusing on the controversies involving the toxicity caused due to the long-term use of statin therapy in conventional mode of treatment, opting for a safer alternative system of treatment seems important. Five cases of diagnosed HTG, with triglyceride levels above 200 were treated with homoeopathic medicine - Fucus vesiculosus, in mother tincture form. The primary outcome measure was to evaluate the reduction in the blood triglyceride levels. All the five cases showed a reduction in triglyceride levels to normal range within 4 months of starting the treatment with the Fucus vesiculosus mother tincture. Also, it was observed that the borderline cholesterol levels and high LDL levels in 2 cases were found to reduce to normal. Treatment involving Fucus vesiculosus in cases diagnosed with HTG showed significant reduction in triglyceride levels along with other parameters of lipid profile. Further authentication of results with significant sample sizes may be taken up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima Bindu Ponnam
- Extension Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Princess Durru Shehvar Children's & General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500002, India.
| | - Butchi Raju Akondi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Mohammed
- Extension Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Princess Durru Shehvar Children's & General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500002, India
| | - Bharathi Chakali
- Extension Clinical Research Unit, Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, Princess Durru Shehvar Children's & General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500002, India
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15
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Han J, Li X, Chen X, Qiu T, Chen H. Quantification of triglyceride levels in fresh human blood by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13209. [PMID: 34168233 PMCID: PMC8225647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a pilot clinical study to investigate ex vivo fresh human blood from 93 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The results indicated that terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) can be used to quantify triglyceride (TG) levels in human blood. Based on the TG concentrations and corresponding THz absorption coefficients, the Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the THz absorption coefficients have a significant negative linear correlation with TG concentration. Comparisons between the THz measurements at 0.2 THz and an automatic biochemical analyzer were performed using an additional 20 blood samples, and the results confirmed that the relative error was less than 15%. Our ex vivo human blood study indicates that the THz technique can be used to assess blood TG levels in clinical diagnostic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Han
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing PuKou Central Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianzhu Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Poljsak B, Kovač V, Levec T, Milisav I. Nature Versus Nurture: What Can be Learned from the Oldest-Old's Claims About Longevity? Rejuvenation Res 2021; 24:262-273. [PMID: 33544039 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial genetic or environmental factors that influence the length and quality of life can be evaluated while studying supercentenarians. The oldest-old can withstand serious/fatal illnesses more than their peers and/or their aging rate is decreased. Supercentenarians are an interesting group of individuals whose lifestyle is not particularly healthy according to the common guidelines, namely some of them seem to have similar harmful behaviors, but still manage to stay healthier for longer, and while eventually dying from the same degenerative diseases as the general population, they develop symptoms 20-30 years later. As there are not many supercentenarians by definition, it is worthwhile to diligently collect their data to enable future meta-analyses on larger samples; much can be learned from supercentenarians' habits and lifestyle choices about the aging process. Contributions of genetics, lifestyle choices, and epigenetics to their extended life span are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljsak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Levec
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Chair of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irina Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Menon K, Marquina C, Hoj P, Liew D, Mousa A, de Courten B. Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides improve dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 78:939-951. [PMID: 32594145 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem and represents a significant burden of disease globally. Lifestyle interventions have their limitations and an intervention that will effectively address cardiovascular risk factors to help reduce this growing burden of disease is required. OBJECTIVE Carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) have exerted positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in animal and human studies. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of HCDs on cardiovascular outcomes in line with the PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES The Medline, Medline in process, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and All EBM databases were searched from inception until January 25, 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of HCDs on cardiovascular outcomes, compared with placebo or controls. DATA EXTRACTION Basic characteristics of the study and populations, interventions, and study results were extracted. The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 21 studies were included. Of these, 18 were pooled for meta-analysis (n = 913). In low risk of bias studies, HCD-supplemented groups had lower total cholesterol (n = 6 RCTs; n = 401; weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.32 mmol/L [95%CI, -0.57 to -0.07], P = 0.01) and triglyceride levels (n = 6 RCTs; n = 401; WMD, -0.14 mmol/L [95%CI, -0.20 to -0.08], P < 0.001) compared with controls. In studies using carnosine, triglycerides levels were also lower in the intervention group vs controls (n = 5 RCTS; n = 309; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or the total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio between groups. CONCLUSIONS Carnosine and other HCDs may have a role in improving lipid profiles. Larger studies with sufficient follow-up are necessary to confirm these findings and explore the use of HCDs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42017075354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthi Menon
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clara Marquina
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pernille Hoj
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Wang Z, Ni X, Gao D, Sun L, Zhu X, Jiao J, Zhou Q, Chen C, Zhang N, Wu Z, Yang Z, Yuan H. Investigation of the Reference Interval Values of Fasting Plasma Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Blood Lipids in the Longevity People Aged 90 Years Old and Above. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3711-3718. [PMID: 34456578 PMCID: PMC8387246 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s327823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To our knowledge, the normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG), blood pressure (BP), and blood lipids (BL) interval values have not been well-established in the longevity population. This study aims to provide a reference for the establishment of normal BP, FPG, and BL interval values in the longevity people in China. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 7417 people were selected from the natural longevity cohort in Guangxi, with an age range of 20-110 years old, including 7093 classified as the non-longevity (20-89 years old) (94.02%) and 324 classified as the longevity (≥90 years old) (5.98%); there were 4309 men (58.1%) and 3108 women (41.9%). FPG, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were defined as desirable levels when they were below the 75th percentile (P75), borderline levels from the 75th to 90th percentile (P75-P90), and high levels above P90; triglyceride (TG) levels above P90 were defined as high; and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels below the 5th percentile (P5) were defined as low levels. RESULTS The reference interval values of FPG in the longevity were as follows: desirable levels <6.15 mmol/L, borderline levels 6.15-7.45 mmol/L, high levels ≥7.45 mmol/L. Reference interval values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were as follows: desirable levels <160.00 mmHg, borderline levels 160.00-174.50 mmHg, high levels ≥175.00 mmHg. DBP reference interval values were as follows: desirable levels <88.00 mmHg, borderline levels 88.00-90.00 mmHg, high levels ≥90.00 mmHg. TC reference interval values were as follows: desirable levels <5.59 mmol/L, borderline levels 5.59-6.45 mmol/L, high levels ≥6.45 mmol/L. LDL-C reference interval values were as follows: desirable levels <3.30 mmol/L, borderline levels 3.30-3.85 mmol/L, high levels ≥3.85 mmol/L. TG reference interval values were as follows: desirable levels <2.82 mmol/L, high levels ≥2.82 mmol/L. HDL-C reference interval values were as follows: low levels <0.80 mmol/L, desirable levels ≥0.80 mmol/L. CONCLUSION The reference interval values of BP, FPG, and BL are different between the longevity population and the non-longevity population, and the interval values change with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Wang
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Ni
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danni Gao
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiao
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Seventh Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Wu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Yang
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huiping Yuan The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dongdan DaHua Road 1#, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-10-58115043Fax +86-10-65237929 Email
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Rashidi M, Rashidmayvan M, Alboativi S, Amiri F. The effect of fish oil supplements on serum levels of albumin, lipid profiles, and kidney function in patients with hypoalbuminemia admitted to an intensive care unit, Randomized controlled trial. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Hubacek JA, Dlouha D, Adamkova V, Schwarzova L, Lanska V, Ceska R, Satny M, Vrablik M. The Gene Score for Predicting Hypertriglyceridemia: New Insights from a Czech Case-Control Study. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:555-562. [PMID: 31222479 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma triglyceride (TG) values are significant predictors of cardiovascular and total mortality. The plasma levels of TGs have an important genetic background. We analyzed whether 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in genome-wide association studies are discriminators of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in the Czech population. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to replicate and test the original findings in an independent study and to re-analyze the gene score leading to HTG. METHODS In total, we analyzed 32 SNPs in 209 patients with plasma TG levels over 10 mmol/L (HTG group) and compared them in a case-control design with 524 treatment-naïve controls (normotriglyceridemic [NTG] group) with plasma TG values below 1.8 mmol/L. RESULTS Sixteen SNPs were significantly associated with an increased risk of HTG development, with odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) varying from 1.40 (1.01-1.95) to 4.69 (3.29-6.68) (rs964184 within the APOA5 gene). Both unweighted (sum of the risk alleles) and weighted gene scores (WGS) (log of the achieved ORs per individual genotype) were calculated, and both gene scores were significantly different between groups. The mean score of the risk alleles was significantly increased in the HTG group compared to the NTG group (18.5 ± 2.5 vs. 15.7 ± 2.3, respectively; P < 0.00001). Subjects with a WGS over 9 were significantly more common in the HTG group (44.5%) than in the NTG group, in which such a high score was observed in only 4.7% of subjects (OR 16.3, 95% CI 10.0-36.7; P < 0.0000001). CONCLUSIONS An increased number of risk genetic variants, calculated both in a weighted or unweighted manner, significantly discriminates between the subjects with HTG and controls. Population-specific sets of SNPs included into the gene score seem to yield better discrimination power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM-DEM-LAR), Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Dlouha
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM-DEM-LAR), Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Adamkova
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Schwarzova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Lanska
- Statistical Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Ceska
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Satny
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vrablik
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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21
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Borato DCK, Vellosa JCR. Association between soluble biomarkers - microbial translocation, inflammation and cardiovascular risk in HIV- infected individuals: a systematic review. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Zhang FH, Yin RX, Yao LM, Yan RQ, Lu L, Su Y. Correlation Between the APOB rs1042034 SNP and Blood Lipid Characteristics of 2 Ethnic Groups in China. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25:1076029619892088. [PMID: 31833377 PMCID: PMC7019501 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619892088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein (Apo) B gene (APOB) is a susceptible gene for
dyslipidemia. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between
the APOB rs1042034 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and serum lipid
levels in the Maonan and Han populations. A total of 598 Maonan participants and 609 Han
participants were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length
polymorphism, and the genotypes were also verified by sequencing. There were no
differences in genotype and allele frequencies between the 2 ethnic groups or between
males and females. The levels of triglyceride (TG) in Maonans were higher and high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in the A allele carriers than the A allele noncarriers;
the A allele carriers in Hans had higher TG levels and lower ApoA1/ApoB ratio than the A
allele noncarriers (P < .05 for all). Subgroup analysis showed that
the A allele carriers in Maonan females had higher TG levels and the A allele carriers in
Han females had higher TG levels and lower ApoA1/ApoB ratio than the A allele noncarriers
(P < .05 for all). In our study populations, there may be ethnicity-
and/or sex-specific associations between the APOB rs1042034 SNP and serum
lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Han Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Qin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Liu S, Wang C, Chen Y, Peng S, Chen X, Tan Z. Association of SLC15A1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to dyslipidaemia in a Chinese Han population. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 44:868-874. [PMID: 31454435 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Dyslipidaemia is an increasingly serious clinical and public health issue. In this study, we aim to explore the association of genetic polymorphisms in solute carrier transporter (SLC) 15A1 with the risk of dyslipidaemia in a Chinese Han population. METHODS Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC15A1 (rs2297322, rs4646234 and rs1289389) were selected using bioinformatics in a Chinese Han population with 530 participants. Genotyping was conducted with Sequenom MassARRAY. A logistic regression model was used for the analysis of the association between genotypes and dyslipidaemia. SHEsis software was applied to the haplotype analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The SLC15A1 rs2297322 TT genotype was associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridaemia compared with the CC genotype (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.21-0.93, P = .032). The carriers of the SLC15A1 rs1289389 T allele were found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridaemia compared with the C allele (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.33-0.88, P = .013). In the recessive model, the carriers of the SLC15A1 rs4646234 CC genotype showed a significantly reduced risk of hypercholesterolaemia (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.23-4.28, P = .009). Haplotype analysis showed that the CTC haplotype composed of SLC15A1 rs2297322, rs4646234 and rs1289389 was associated with a lower risk of hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.12-2.24, P = .009), whereas the TTC haplotype was associated with a significantly reduced risk of hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40-0.99, P = .045). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION SLC15A1 rs2297322 and rs1289389 polymorphisms were associated with alterations in the risk of dyslipidaemia in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Shifang Peng
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
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Jayaram AA, Nayak K, Rao S, Samanth J, T Kvellur S, Saleel A, Almalki Y, Gajiwala N. Lipid Profile Parameters and Coronary Artery Disease in Young Patients Undergoing Diagnostic Angiography. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/ijcp-25263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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High-Fat Diets and LXRs Expression in Rat Liver and Hypothalamus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:963-974. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tuccinardi D, Farr OM, Upadhyay J, Oussaada SM, Mathew H, Paschou SA, Perakakis N, Koniaris A, Kelesidis T, Mantzoros CS. Lorcaserin treatment decreases body weight and reduces cardiometabolic risk factors in obese adults: A six-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1487-1492. [PMID: 30724455 PMCID: PMC6504613 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lorcaserin is a serotonin 2c receptor agonist that promotes weight loss while contributing to the prevention and improvement of type 2 diabetes and improvement of atherogenic lipid profiles, without higher rates of major cardiovascular events. The full spectrum of possible lorcaserin-induced improvements in cardiometabolic health remains to be clarified. Thus, we investigated the way in which lorcaserin treatment may alter cardiovascular disease risk, either independently or through changes in body weight. We measured, for the first time, lipid particle quantification, lipid peroxidation, appetite-regulating hormones and mRNA expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2c receptor (5-HT2c receptor). A total of 48 obese participants were enrolled in this six-month, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Lorcaserin treatment reduced fat mass (P < 0.001), the fatty liver index (P < 0.0001) and energy intake (P < 0.03) without affecting energy expenditure or lean mass. Total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P < 0.04) and small LDL particles (P < 0.03) decreased, while total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) P < 0.02) increased and heart rate significantly decreased with lorcaserin treatment. No mRNA expression of the 5-HT2c receptor was observed in peripheral organs. These data suggest that lorcaserin treatment for six months improves cardiometabolic health in obese individuals, acting mainly through the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tuccinardi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Olivia M. Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jagriti Upadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sabrina M. Oussaada
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Hannah Mathew
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Stavroula A. Paschou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anastasia Koniaris
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos S. Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Address Correspondence to: Christos Mantzoros, MD DSc PhD hc mult, 330 Brookline Ave, ST820, Boston, MA 02215, P: 617-667-8630,
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Sultani R, Tong DC, Peverelle M, Lee YS, Baradi A, Wilson AM. Elevated Triglycerides to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio Predicts Long-Term Mortality in High-Risk Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2019; 29:414-421. [PMID: 31014557 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio has been utilised as a predictor of outcomes in patients with adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles. In this study, we examined the prognostic value of elevated TG/HDL-C level in an Australian population of patients with high clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting for coronary angiography. METHODS Follow-up data was collected for 482 patients who underwent coronary angiography in a prospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Patients were stratified into two groups according to their baseline TG/HDL-C ratio, using a TG/HDL-C ratio cut point of 2.5. RESULTS The mean follow-up period was 5.1 ± 1.2 years, with 49 all-cause deaths. Coronary artery disease on coronary angiography was more prevalent in patients with TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5 (83.6% vs. 69.4%, p = 0.03). On the Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5 had worse long-term prognosis (p = 0.04). On multivariate Cox regression adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors and CAD on coronary angiography, TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5 was an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-4.20, p = 0.04). On multivariate logistic regression adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors and CAD on coronary angiography, TG/HDL-C ratio ≥2.5 was strongly associated with an increased risk of long-term MACE (odds ratio [OR] 2.72, 95% CI 1.42-5.20, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Elevated TG/HDL-C ratio is an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality and is strongly associated with an increased risk of MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohullah Sultani
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - David C Tong
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Matthew Peverelle
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yun Suk Lee
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Arul Baradi
- Department of Cardiology, Werribee Mercy Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Private Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew M Wilson
- Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, St. Vincent's Private Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Fredslund SO, Gravholt CH, Laursen BE, Jensen AB. Key metabolic parameters change significantly in early breast cancer survivors: an explorative PILOT study. J Transl Med 2019; 17:105. [PMID: 30935397 PMCID: PMC6444586 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increasing number of breast cancer survivors, more attention is drawn to long-term consequences of curative cancer treatment. Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients is associated with several unfavorable medical conditions, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity, potentially leading to cardiovascular disease and/or the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this explorative study is to investigate metabolic side effects of adjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients. Methods A cohort of 13 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer were extensively examined prior to, immediately after and 1 year after ended adjuvant chemotherapy and compared with healthy controls (N = 36) matched by age and menopausal status. Repeated examinations included: anthropometric measures, DEXA scans, 24-h blood pressure measurements, and blood samples [high sensitivity CRP, lipid profile and glucose metabolism, including homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)]. Results At baseline, breast cancer patients were similar to healthy controls regarding all measures. From baseline to 1-year post-treatment specific components of the metabolic syndrome increased significantly in premenopausal breast cancer patients; body fat (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P = 0.03), waist circumference (P = 0.008) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.04). In postmenopausal patients, waist circumference also increased significantly (P = 0.03), and High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreased significantly (P = 0.05). Conclusions Specific components of the metabolic syndrome changed significantly during chemotherapy in early stage breast cancer patients. After 1 year, several key parameters remained pathologically changed. Premenopausal breast cancer patients seemed to be especially prone to develop these unfavorable changes. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov, registration number NCT02652975. Registered 15 December 2015—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Overvad Fredslund
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Claus Højbjerg Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Blvd 99, 8200, Arhus N, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Britt Elmedal Laursen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 100, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Bonde Jensen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Alanazi MM, Almehizia AA, Bakheit AH, Alsaif NA, Alkahtani HM, Wani TA. Mechanistic interaction study of 5,6-Dichloro-2-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]isoindoline-1,3-dione with bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:341-347. [PMID: 30976176 PMCID: PMC6438701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthesized and promising biologically hypoglycemic compound 5,6-Dichloro-2-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]isoindoline-1,3-dione (5e) was studied for its binding to a model protein (bovine serum albumin; BSA) by spectroscopic and molecular simulation approaches. Fluorescence studies revealed that 5e quenched BSA's intrinsic fluorescence by static quenching. The experiments were performed at three different temperatures and the quenching constants and binding constants were evaluated. Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) values decreased from 1.36 × 104 to 1.20 × 104 as the temperature increased suggesting static quenching involvement in the interaction. Decreased binding constants from 1.70 × 104 to 4.57 × 103 at higher temperatures indicated instability of the complex at rising temperatures. Site I (subdomain IIA) of BSA was found to interact with 5e. The thermodynamic results showed the binding interaction was spontaneous and enthalpy driven. The secondary structure alterations in BSA due to interaction with 5e were studied by UV-visible, synchronous fluorescence, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. The results indicate the 5e binds effectively to the BSA and thus, this study can be useful in further exploring the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 5e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yang S, Yin RX, Miao L, Zhang QH, Zhou YG, Wu J. Association between the LIPG polymorphisms and serum lipid levels in the Maonan and Han populations. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3071. [PMID: 30657227 PMCID: PMC6590183 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Maonan population is a relatively isolated minority in China. Little is known about endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid levels in the Chinese populations. The present study aimed to detect the association of several LIPG SNPs and environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Chinese Maonan and Han populations. Methods In total, 773 subjects of Maonan ethnicity and 710 participants of Han ethnicity were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized samples. Genotypes of the LIPG rs2156552, rs4939883 and rs7241918 SNPs were determined by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The allelic (rs2156552, rs4939883 and rs7241918) and genotypic (rs2156552 and rs4939883) frequencies were different between the two ethnic groups (p < 0.05–0.01). The minor allele carriers had lower apolipoprotein (Apo)A1/ApoB ratio (rs2156552 and rs7241918), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and apolipoprotein (Apo)A1 (rs2156552) levels and higher ApoB levels (rs4939883) in the Han population, and lower HDL‐C (rs2156552, rs4939883 and rs7241918) levels in the Maonan minority than the minor allele non‐carriers (p < 0.0167 after Bonferroni correction). Subgroup analyses according to sex showed that the minor allele carriers had a lower ApoA1/ApoB ratio (rs2156552 and rs7241918) and higher ApoB levels (rs7241918) in Han males, and lower ApoA1 and HDL‐C levels in Maonan females than the minor allele non‐carriers (p < 0.0167–0.001). Conclusions The present study demonstrates the association between the LIPG polymorphsims and serum lipid levels in the two ethnic groups. These associations might have an ethnic‐ and or/sex‐specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liu Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing-Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Yang S, Yin RX, Miao L, Zhou YG, Wu J, Zhang QH. LIPG SNPs, their haplotypes and gene-environment interactions on serum lipid levels. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:10. [PMID: 30621702 PMCID: PMC6325827 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maonan nationality is a relatively conservative and isolated minority in the Southwest of China. Little is known about the association of endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and serum lipid levels in the Chinese populations. Methods A total of 1280 subjects of Maonan nationality and 1218 participants of Han nationality were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized samples. Genotypes of the four LIPG SNPs were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results Several SNPs were associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (rs3813082, rs2000813 and rs2097055) in the both ethnic groups; total cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 (rs2000813) in Han nationality; and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ApoB, triglyceride (rs2097055) and ApoA1 (rs3819166) in Maonan minority (P < 0.0125 for all after Bonferroni correction). The commonest haplotype was rs3813082T-rs2000813C-rs2097055T-rs3819166A (Han, 44.2% and Maonan, 48.7%). The frequencies of the T-C-T-A, T-C-T-G, T-T-C-G and G-T-C-G haplotypes were different between the Maonan and Han populations (P < 0.05–0.001). The associations between haplotypes and dyslipidemia were also different in the Han and/or Maonan populations (P < 0.05–0.001). Conclusions The differences in serum lipid profiles between the two ethnic groups might partly be attributed to these LIPG SNPs, their haplotypes and gene-environmental interactions. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Saoji R, Das RS, Desai M, Pasi A, Sachdeva G, Das TK, Khatkhatay MI. Association of high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and homocysteine with bone mineral density in young Indian tribal women. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 13:108. [PMID: 30306279 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated association between lipids and homocysteine (Hcy) with bone mineral density (BMD) in young women as opposed to previous studies on elderly women. HDL, triglyceride, and Hcy are significantly associated with BMD in young women and tobacco and alcohol consumption have no effect on this association. PURPOSE The present study investigates whether the association of serum lipids and homocysteine (Hcy) with bone mineral density (BMD) reported mostly in elderly population can be generalized to young or premenopausal women, consequently suggesting screening of young women with low BMD for dyslipidemia or any cardiovascular events and vice versa. METHODS Women (n = 293, aged 20-47 years) from Northeast India belonging to Tibeto-Burman origin were enrolled. Information about their physical and clinical attributes were collected by a structured questionnaire. Their BMDs at lumbar spine and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and sera were profiled for lipid parameters and Hcy by auto-analyzer and ELISA, respectively. Women consuming tobacco and/or alcohol were grouped as consumers and others as non-consumers for the analysis. RESULTS Positive correlation of BMD with HDL (spine and femur r = 0.38, p < 0.0001) and triglyceride (spine r = 0.534, p < 0.0001; femur r = 0.423, p < 0.0001) was observed, whereas Hcy correlated negatively with BMD (spine r = - 0.189, p = 0.0026; femur r = - 0.273, p < 0.0001). LDL showed a weak negative correlation with BMD (spine r = - 0.128, p = 0.0283; femur r = - 0.199, p = 0.0006). However, after adjusting for age, BMI, and consumption, HDL, triglyceride, and Hcy continued to show significant correlation with BMD at both the sites. Logistic regression analyses indicated that HDL, triglyceride, and Hcy were significant predictors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in our study cohort; however, consumption did not contribute to its prediction. CONCLUSION Low levels of HDL and triglyceride and high levels of Hcy are significantly associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in young Northeast Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Saoji
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Rajat Subra Das
- Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, 799006, India
| | - Meena Desai
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Achhelal Pasi
- Airport Health Organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (GOI), Andheri, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400099, India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Das
- Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, 799006, India
| | - M Ikram Khatkhatay
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J. M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
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Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations of Post-prandial Lipemia. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mao C, Yu Z, Li C, Jin Y, Ma M. The Functional Properties of Preserved Eggs: From Anti-cancer and Anti-inflammatory Aspects. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:615-628. [PMID: 30018504 PMCID: PMC6048375 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.3.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserved egg, a kind of alkaline-fermented food, is a traditional egg product in China. Here, we investigated the nutritional functions of preserved eggs by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results of in vivo studies showed that the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the liver of rats treated with preserved eggs. Meanwhile, the levels of two important cancer markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were also significantly decreased (p<0.05) in treated rats. In vitro studies were performed on Caco-2 cells, a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. It demonstrated that the gastrointestinal (GI) digests of preserved eggs significantly accelerated (p<0.05) the apoptosis by upregulating caspase-3 in the Caco-2 cells. Besides, after treated with preserved eggs, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of preserved eggs digests to Caco-2 cells was 5.75 mg/mL, indicating the significant inhibition of cell proliferation provided by preserved eggs (p<0.05). The results shown in this study demonstrated that preserved eggs may be a novel functional food involved with antilipemic, anti-inflammatory activity as well as the effect on accelarating the apoptosis of Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Mao
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
| | - Zhihui Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
| | - Yongguo Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
| | - Meihu Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
430070, China
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A novel homozygous mutation in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 gene in a Chinese patient with transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia: a case report. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:96. [PMID: 29940878 PMCID: PMC6020200 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia (HTGTI) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) gene. Case presentation We report a case of HTGTI in a Chinese female infant. She presented with hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, moderately elevated transaminases, and hepatic steatosis at 3.5 months of age. A novel mutation c.523C>T, p. (Q175*) was identified in GPD1. The patient was a homozygote and her parents were heterozygous for the mutation. Ultrastructural study showed intrahepatocytic lipid droplets. Conclusions This is the first reported case of HTGTI in Chinese, expanding the worldwide distribution of HTGTI and the mutation spectrum of GPD1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12876-018-0827-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hartz JC, de Ferranti S, Gidding S. Hypertriglyceridemia in Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pediatric Care. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:497-512. [PMID: 29850649 PMCID: PMC5961027 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is estimated that the risk of CVD in diabetes mellitus (DM) is 2 to 10 times higher than in the general population. Much of this increased risk is thought to be related to the development of an atherogenic lipid profile, in which hypertriglyceridemia is an essential component. Recent studies suggest that dyslipidemia may be present in children and adolescents with DM, particularly in T2DM and in association with poor control in T1DM. However, the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development of future CVD in youth with DM is unclear, as data are scarce. In this review, we will evaluate the pathophysiology of atherogenic hypertriglyceridemia in DM, the evidence regarding an independent role of triglycerides in the development of CVD, and the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with DM, highlighting the potential relevance to children and the need for more data in children and adolescents to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Hartz
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah de Ferranti
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Samuel Gidding
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Blood lipids are important modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease and various drugs have been developed to target lipid fractions. Considerable efforts have been made to identify genetic variants that modulate responses to drugs in the hope of optimizing their use. Pharmacogenomics and new biotechnologies now allow for meaningful integration of human genetic findings and therapeutic development for increased efficiency and precision of lipid-lowering drugs. Polygenic predictors of disease risk are also changing how patient populations can be stratified, enabling targeted therapeutic interventions to patients more likely to derive the highest benefit, marking a shift from single variant to genomic approaches in pharmacogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Legault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, H1T 1C8, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, H1T 1C8, QC, Canada
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Liver X receptor β in the hippocampus: A potential novel target for the treatment of major depressive disorder? Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:514-528. [PMID: 29654801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs), including LXRα and LXRβ isoforms, have been implicated in multiple physiological functions including promoting neurogenesis, improving synaptic plasticity, preventing neurodegeneration, inhibiting inflammation as well as regulating cholesterol metabolism. However, a potential role of LXRs in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) has never been investigated previously. Our present results demonstrated that levels of hippocampal LXRβ but not LXRα were down-regulated in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and were negatively correlated with the severity of CUS-induced depressive-like behaviors. Furthermore, rats with LXRβ knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in hippocampus displayed depressive-like behaviors and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis similar to those observed after CUS exposure. Conversely, LXRs activation by GW3965 (GW), a synthetic dual agonist for both LXRα and LXRβ isoforms, could improve depression-like behaviors and reverse the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis in rats exposed to CUS. LXRβ knockdown by shRNA completely abrogated the antidepressant and hippocampal neurogenesis-promoting effects of GW, suggesting that LXRβ isoform mediated the antidepressant and hippocampal neurogenesis-promoting effects of the LXRα/β dual agonist. However, ablation of hippocampal neurogenesis with x-irradiation only partly but not completely abolished the antidepressant effects of GW in the behavioral tests, implying that the antidepressant effects mediated by LXRβ isoform are likely through both neurogenesis-dependent and -independent pathways. Thus, our findings suggest that LXRβ activation may represent a potential novel target for the treatment of MDD and also provide a novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of MDD.
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Zaman SB, Karim MA, Hossain N, Al Kibria GM, Islam SMS. Plasma triglycerides as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from northeastern Thailand. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 138:238-245. [PMID: 29448006 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the observational association between plasma triglyceride and CKD in patients with T2DM. METHODS A hospital-based retrospective registry was used to obtain data of 3,748 T2DM patients from May 2016 to October 2016. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical reports of T2DM patients with CKD were obtained by data extraction of medical records. CKD was defined according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between plasma triglyceride and CKD. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 61.4 ± 11.0 years, and a majority of them was female (64%) with poor glycemic control (83%), increased plasma triglyceride (51%) and 27% of T2DM patients had CKD. There was a significant trend towards deteriorating renal function (lower eGFR) with categorically raised triglyceride levels. After controlling for age, sex and other confounders, 'borderline high' (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.54), 'high' (adjusted OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24-1.85) and 'very high' (adjusted OR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.94-5.94) triglyceride level groups had higher likelihood to have CKD compared to normal triglyceride level. CONCLUSION CKD was associated with a higher level of plasma triglyceride among patients with T2DM. These results support the rationale to screen and manage increased triglyceride in routine clinical practices among persons with diabetes to prevent CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojib Bin Zaman
- Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charite- University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Naznin Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh
| | - Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Gurka MJ, Guo Y, Filipp SL, DeBoer MD. Metabolic syndrome severity is significantly associated with future coronary heart disease in Type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:17. [PMID: 29351794 PMCID: PMC5775549 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The severity of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is significantly associated with future coronary heart disease (CHD) among individuals without baseline Type 2 diabetes. However, the validity of assessing MetS severity among individuals with diabetes is unknown. Objective To assess for differences in MetS severity by timing of Type 2 diabetes diagnosis and to assess for associations between MetS severity and future CHD among individuals with diabetes. Methods We analyzed data from participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, including 1419 with- and 7241 without diabetes, followed during 4 visits and adjudicated CHD diagnoses over a 20-year period. We used Cox-regression techniques to assess hazard ratios (HR) of CHD based on a sex- and race/ethnicity-specific MetS-severity Z-score (standard MetS score) and a similar MetS-severity score formulated without incorporating glucose as a component of MetS (no-glucose MetS score). Results For both the standard- and no-glucose MetS-severity scores, scores were highest in the baseline-diabetes group, lowest in the never-diabetes group and intermediate in the incident-diabetes groups. Among participants with diabetes, increasing MetS-severity score at baseline was associated with incident CHD, using both the standard MetS score (HR 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 1.39) and the no-glucose score (HR 1.42, CI 1.24, 1.62) (both p < 0.001). For the baseline-diabetes group, this relationship remained significant when Visit 2 Hemoglobin-A1c was included in the model, both for the standard MetS score (HR 1.21, CI 1.09, 1.34; p < 0.001) and the no-glucose score (HR 1.25, CI 1.04, 1.51; p = 0.02). Conclusions MetS severity appears to provide an estimate of metabolic disarray in the setting of diabetes and is predictive of future CHD events beyond HbA1c. Identifying MetS severity among individuals with diabetes may help in identifying those at higher risk, who could then receive further preventative treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-017-0647-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gurka
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Stephanie L Filipp
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Mark D DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Virginia, 409 Lane Rd, Room 2017, P.O. Box 800386, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Nuotio J, Pitkänen N, Magnussen CG, Buscot MJ, Venäläinen MS, Elo LL, Jokinen E, Laitinen T, Taittonen L, Hutri-Kähönen N, Lyytikäinen LP, Lehtimäki T, Viikari JS, Juonala M, Raitakari OT. Prediction of Adult Dyslipidemia Using Genetic and Childhood Clinical Risk Factors: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001604. [PMID: 28620070 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We examined whether the addition of novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms for blood lipid levels enhances the prediction of adult dyslipidemia in comparison to childhood lipid measures. METHODS AND RESULTS Two thousand four hundred and twenty-two participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had participated in 2 surveys held during childhood (in 1980 when aged 3-18 years and in 1986) and at least once in a follow-up study in adulthood (2001, 2007, and 2011) were included. We examined whether inclusion of a lipid-specific weighted genetic risk score based on 58 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 71 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 40 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for triglycerides improved the prediction of adult dyslipidemia compared with clinical childhood risk factors. Adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, and smoking in childhood, childhood lipid levels, and weighted genetic risk scores were associated with an increased risk of adult dyslipidemia for all lipids. Risk assessment based on 2 childhood lipid measures and the lipid-specific weighted genetic risk scores improved the accuracy of predicting adult dyslipidemia compared with the approach using only childhood lipid measures for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.806 versus 0.811; P=0.01) and triglycerides (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.740 versus area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.758; P<0.01). The overall net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement were significant for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of weighted genetic risk scores to lipid-screening programs in childhood could modestly improve the identification of those at highest risk of dyslipidemia in adulthood.
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Fat, Sugar, Whole Grains and Heart Disease: 50 Years of Confusion. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10010039. [PMID: 29300309 PMCID: PMC5793267 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 1970s some investigators proposed that refined carbohydrates, especially sugar and a low intake of dietary fiber, were major factors in coronary heart disease (CHD). This suggestion was eclipsed by the belief that an excess intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was the key dietary factor, a view that prevailed from roughly 1974 to 2014. Findings that have accumulated since 1990 inform us that the role of SFA in the causation of CHD has been much exaggerated. A switch from SFA to refined carbohydrates does not lower the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol in the blood and therefore does not prevent CHD. A reduced intake of SFA combined with an increased intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol; this may reduce the risk of CHD. The evidence linking carbohydrate-rich foods with CHD has been steadily strengthening. Refined carbohydrates, especially sugar-sweetened beverages, increase the risk of CHD. Conversely, whole grains and cereal fiber are protective. An extra one or 2 servings per day of these foods increases or decreases risk by approximately 10% to 20%.
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Boursier G, Sultan A, Molinari N, Maimoun L, Boegner C, Picandet M, Kuster N, Bargnoux AS, Badiou S, Dupuy AM, Cristol JP, Avignon A. Triglycerides and glycated hemoglobin for screening insulin resistance in obese patients. Clin Biochem 2017; 53:8-12. [PMID: 29225096 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessment of insulin resistance (IR) is essential in non-diabetic patients with obesity. Thus study aims to identify the best determinants of IR and to propose an original approach for routine assessment of IR in obesity. DESIGN AND PATIENTS All adult with obesity defined by a body mass index ≥30kg/m2, evaluated in the Nutrition Department between January 2010 and January 2015 were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients with diabetes were excluded. IR was diagnosed according to the HOMA-IR. Based on a logistic regression, we determined a composite score of IR. We then tested the variables with a principal component analysis and a hierarchical clustering analysis. RESULTS A total of 498 patients with obesity were included. IR was associated with grade III obesity (OR=2.6[1.6-4.4], p<0.001), HbA1c≥5.7% (OR=2.6[1.7-4.0], p<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia >1.7mmol/l (OR=3.0[2.0-4.5], p<0.001) and age (OR=0.98[0.96-0.99], p=0.002). Exploratory visual analysis using factor map and clustering analysis revealed that lipid and carbohydrates metabolism abnormalities were correlated with insulin resistance but not with excessive fat accumulation and low-grade inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the interest of simple blood tests such as HbA1c and triglyceride determination, which associated with BMI, may be widely available tools for screening IR in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilaine Boursier
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- MISTEA, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Department of Statistics, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Maimoun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Boegner
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Picandet
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nils Kuster
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Bargnoux
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Badiou
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Biochemistry and Hormonology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Antoine Avignon
- PHYMEDEXP, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Department of Nutrition and Diabetes, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Kim M, Kim M, Yoo HJ, Lee E, Chae JS, Lee SH, Lee JH. A promoter variant of the APOA5 gene increases atherogenic LDL levels and arterial stiffness in hypertriglyceridemic patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186693. [PMID: 29211729 PMCID: PMC5718602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. The apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) is a key regulator of triglyceride levels. We aimed to evaluate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in APOA5, including -1131T>C and c.553G>T, with hypertriglyceridemia, apoA5 concentrations, atherogenic LDL cholesterol levels, and arterial stiffness in hypertriglyceridemic patients. The study population included 599 hypertriglyceridemic patients (case) and 1,549 untreated normotriglyceridemic subjects (control). We genotyped two APOA5 variants, -1131T>C (rs662799) and c.553G>T (rs2075291). The frequencies of the CC genotype of -1131T>C (0.165) and the T allele of c.553G>T (0.119) were significantly higher in hypertriglyceridemic patients than in normotriglyceridemic subjects (0.061 and 0.070, respectively; all p<0.001). In the control and case groups, both the -1131T>C and c.553G>T variants were associated with higher triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol levels. Controls with the -1131CC variant had lower apoA5 concentrations than controls with the -1131TT variant. Similar effects of the -1131T>C variant on apoA5 were observed in the cases. In the hypertriglyceridemic group, the -1131T>C variant was associated with a smaller LDL particle size, higher levels of oxidized LDL and malondialdehyde, and higher brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. The -1131T>C and c.553G>T polymorphisms were associated with hypertriglyceridemia in the study population, but only the -1131T>C polymorphism directly affected apoA5 concentrations. Hypertriglyceridemic patients carrying the APOA5 -1131T>C polymorphism exhibited increased atherogenic LDL levels and arterial stiffness, probably due to an effect of the -1131T>C polymorphism on apoA5 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jey Sook Chae
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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de Toro-Martín J, Guénard F, Rudkowska I, Lemieux S, Couture P, Vohl MC. A common variant in ARHGEF10 alters delta-6 desaturase activity and influence susceptibility to hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 12:311-320.e3. [PMID: 29246731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with fatty acid desaturase activities have been previously identified within the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster, which encodes delta-5 (D5D) and delta-6 (D6D) desaturases, respectively. OBJECTIVE We aimed at further characterizing the genetic variability associated with D5D and D6D activities on a genome-wide scale. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study of D5D and D6D activities in a cohort of 141 individuals from the greater Quebec City metropolitan area using the Illumina HumanOmni5-Quad BeadChip. Estimates of D5D and D6D activities were computed using product-to-precursor fatty acid ratios, arachidonic acid (AA)/dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) for D5D, and DGLA/linoleic acid (LA) for D6D. Levels of fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography in plasma phospholipids. RESULTS We identified 24 previously reported SNPs associated with fatty acid levels and desaturase activities as significantly associated with D5D activity within the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster (lead SNP rs174566/A>G). Furthermore, we identified 5 novel loci potentially associated with D5D activity at chromosomes 1, 6, 4, 8 and 19. A novel SNP associated with D6D activity and mapped to the ARHGEF10 locus (rs2280885/A>G) was identified, with carriers of the rare allele showing a significant increase in D6D activity and plasma triglyceride levels. After multiple testing correction by permutation, only rs174566 and rs2280885 remained significantly associated to D5D and D6D activity estimates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm previous genetic associations within the FADS1-FADS2 gene cluster with D5D activity. A novel genetic variation associated with higher D6D activity within the ARHGEF10 gene is potentially altering plasma triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Toro-Martín
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Endocrinology and Nephrology unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Oishi K, Konishi T, Hashimoto C, Yamamoto S, Takahashi Y, Shiina Y. Dietary fish oil differentially ameliorates high-fructose diet-induced hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidemia in mice depending on time of feeding. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 52:45-53. [PMID: 29149647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chrononutrition is the science of nutrition based on chronobiology. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that fish oil (FO) reduces the risk of cardiovascular events through various actions such as lowering triglycerides. The present study aimed to determine the time of day when the hypertriglyceridemia-decreasing ability of FO is optimal in mice. A high-fructose diet (HFrD) that induces hyperlipidemia in mice was replaced with the same diet containing 4% FO (HFrD-4% FO) at different times of the day for 2 weeks as described below. Mice were fed with HFrD alone (CTRL) or with HFrD containing 4% FO for 12 h around the time of activity onset [breakfast (BF)-FO] or offset [dinner (DN)-FO]. Plasma and liver concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were reduced in BF-FO but not in DN-FO mice compared with CTRL mice. The temporal expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis such as Fasn, Acaca, Scd1 and Acly in the liver was significantly suppressed in both BF-FO and DN-FO mice. Expression levels of Scd1 in epididymal adipose tissue were significantly suppressed only in the BF-FO mice. Plasma concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid were far more increased in BF-FO than in DN-FO mice. Significantly more of these n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were excreted in the feces of DN-FO than of BF-FO mice. These findings suggest that dietary FO exerts more hypolipidemic activity at the time of breakfast than dinner because the intestinal absorption of n-3 PUFAs is more effective at that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | - Chiaki Hashimoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Current drugs, targets, and drug delivery systems for the treatment of dyslipidemia. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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A lifestyle intervention program for successfully addressing major cardiometabolic risks in persons with SCI: a three-subject case series. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2017; 3:17007. [PMID: 28382218 DOI: 10.1038/scsandc.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study is a prospective case series analyzing the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program in three patients with chronic paraplegia having major risks for the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). CASE PRESENTATION Individuals underwent an intense 6-month program of circuit resistance exercise, nutrition using a Mediterranean diet and behavioral support, followed by a 6-month extension (maintenance) phase involving minimal support. The primary goal was a 7% reduction of body mass. Other outcomes analyzed insulin resistance using the HOMA-IR model, and plasma levels of fasting triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All participants achieved the goal for 7% reduction of body mass and maintained the loss after the MP. Improvements were observed in 2/3 subjects for HOMA-IR and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All participants improved their risk for plasma triglycerides. DISCUSSION We conclude, in a three-person case series of persons with chronic paraplegia, a lifestyle intervention program involving circuit resistance training, a calorie-restrictive Mediterranean-style diet and behavioral support, results in clinically significant loss of body mass and effectively reduced component risks for CMS and diabetes. These results were for the most part maintained after a 6-month MP involving minimal supervision.
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