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Gleich A, Kaiser B, Honscha W, Fuhrmann H, Schoeniger A. Evaluation of the hepatocyte-derived cell line BFH12 as an in vitro model for bovine biotransformation. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:231-244. [PMID: 30617848 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of drug metabolising enzymes (DMEs) in cattle is rather limited. The capability of the bovine foetal hepatocyte-derived cell line BFH12 to serve as model for biotransformation was evaluated. Gene expression analysis of DMEs was performed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The presence of efflux transporters was visualised by immunocytochemistry, and functional induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A was assessed by the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. The production of bile acids was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RT-PCR revealed the expression of cytochromes 1A1, 1A2, 3A4 and phase II enzymes UGT1A1, UGT1A6 and GSTM1. Immunofluorescence demonstrated efflux transporters ABCG2 and ABCC1. The EROD assay revealed a dose-dependent CYP1A induction after treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (BP). LC-MS/MS analysis of cell culture supernatants showed the production of bile acids including taurocholic acid, tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid and taurolithocholic acid. The results strongly suggest the applicability of the cell line BFH12 for subsequent experiments in the emerging field of bovine biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gleich
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bastian Kaiser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walther Honscha
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Schoeniger
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Ding Y, Chang C, Niu Z, Dai K, Geng X, Li D, Guo J, Xu C. Overexpression of transcription factor Foxa2 and Hnf1α induced rat bone mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2037-47. [PMID: 26797779 PMCID: PMC5023577 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells could be utilized as a tool for the study of liver diseases, screening for drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Thus further investigation of the method to efficiently generate hepatocytes is in great need. Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) were collected from rat femurs and tibias. FOXA2 and HNF1α genes were constructed into a lentiviral vector and introduced into BMSCs by a lentivirus-mediated overexpression system. Three weeks after the induction, the expressions of FOXA2 and HNF1α, and liver specific genes were analyzed, and hepatocyte-function related assays were performed. Overexpression of both FOXA2 and HNF1α induced the BMSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). Hepatocyte-specific gene and protein were detected by RT-PCR, Western Blot and Immunofluorescence. These HLCs also exerted some typical hepatocyte functions such as glycogen storage, indocyanine green absorption and lipid accumulation. The combination of FOXA2 and HNF1α can effectively induce BMSCs to differentiate into HLCs. This is a novel and efficient method to prepare HLCs within a short timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Niu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Keqiang Dai
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Geng
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Deming Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.
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Martínez-Jiménez CP, Jover R, Gómez-Lechón MJ, Castell JV. Can hepatoma cell lines be redifferentiated to be used in drug metabolism studies? Altern Lab Anim 2013; 32 Suppl 1A:65-74. [PMID: 23577436 DOI: 10.1177/026119290403201s11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of metabolism, enzymes so far involved, and potential enzyme-inhibiting or enzyme-inducing properties of new compounds is a key issue in drug development. Primary cultured hepatocytes, cytochrome P450 (CYP)-engineered cells and hepatoma cell lines are currently being used for this purpose, but only primary cultures can produce a metabolic profile of a drug similar to that found in vivo and can respond to inducers. Because of their limited accessibility, alternatives to replace human hepatocytes are currently being explored, including the immortalisation of hepatocytes by using different strategies (i.e. SV40 T-large antigen, conditionally immortalised hepatocytes, transfection with c-myc, cH-ras, N-ras oncogenes, transgenic animals over-expressing growth factors or oncogenes and cre-lox recombination/excision). However, none of the resulting cells has the desirable phenotypic characteristics to replace primary cultures in drug metabolisms studies. We investigated why these differentiated human hepatomas do not express CYP genes and found that the levels of certain key transcription factors clearly differ from those found in hepatocytes. It was then conceivable that re-expression of one (or more) of these transcription factors could lead to an efficient transcription of CYP genes. The feasibility of this hypothesis was demonstrated by genetic engineering of Hep G2 cells with liver-enriched transcription factors followed by the analysis of the expression of the most relevant human CYPs.
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Castell JV, Jover R, Martínez-Jiménez CP, Gómez-Lechón MJ. Hepatocyte cell lines: their use, scope and limitations in drug metabolism studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2007; 2:183-212. [PMID: 16866607 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gaining knowledge on the metabolism of a drug, the enzymes involved and its inhibition or induction potential is a necessary step in pharmaceutical development of new compounds. Primary human hepatocytes are considered a cellular model of reference, as they express the majority of drug-metabolising enzymes, respond to enzyme inducers and are capable of generating in vitro a metabolic profile similar to what is found in vivo. However, hepatocytes show phenotypic instability and have a restricted accessibility. Different alternatives have been explored in the past recent years to overcome the limitations of primary hepatocytes. These include immortalisation of adult or fetal human hepatic cells by means of transforming tumour virus genes, oncogenes, conditionally immortalised hepatocytes, and cell fusion. New strategies are currently being used to upregulate the expression of drug-metabolising enzymes in cell lines or to derive hepatocytes from progenitor cells. This paper reviews the features of liver-derived cell lines, their suitability for drug metabolism studies as well as the state-of-the-art of the strategies pursued in order to generate metabolically competent hepatic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V Castell
- University Hospital La Fe, Research Centre, Avda, Campanar 21, E-46009 Valencia, Spain
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Fougère-Deschatrette C, Imaizumi-Scherrer T, Strick-Marchand H, Morosan S, Charneau P, Kremsdorf D, Faust DM, Weiss MC. Plasticity of hepatic cell differentiation: bipotential adult mouse liver clonal cell lines competent to differentiate in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cells 2006; 24:2098-109. [PMID: 16946000 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In fetal liver, bipotential hepatoblasts differentiate into hepatocytes and bile duct cells (cholangiocytes). The persistence of such progenitor cells in adult mouse liver is still debated. In damaged liver of adult murine animals, when hepatocyte proliferation is compromised, bipotential oval cells emerge, probably from bile ducts, proliferate, and differentiate to regenerate the liver. However, treatment to elicit oval cell proliferation is not necessary to obtain bipotential stem cells from adult mouse liver. Here, we have isolated bipotential clonal cell lines from healthy liver of 8-10-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Primary cultures established from hepatocyte-enriched suspensions were characterized by time-lapse image acquisition, immunocytology, and RNA transcript analysis. Although hepatocytes dedifferentiated with loss of apical polarity and other hepatocyte markers, they rapidly activated expression of bile duct/oval cell markers. Reversibility of these processes was achieved in part by culture under dilute Matrigel or by aging of confluent cultures. Cell lines were obtained at high frequency from mass cultures, from isolated colonies, and by primary cloning of the hepatocyte-enriched suspension. Cells of the clonal cell lines do not grow in soft agar and are nontumorigenic, and they express cytokeratin 19, A6 antigen, and alpha6 integrin, as well as a large panel of hepatocyte functions. Furthermore, they can participate in liver regeneration in albumin-urokinase-type plasminogen activator/severe combined immune-deficient mice, where they differentiate in clusters of hepatocytes and occasionally bile ducts. These results demonstrate the existence, in normal adult mouse liver, of a significant pool of clonogenic cells that are (or can become) bipotential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fougère-Deschatrette
- Unité de Génétique de la Différenciation, Unité de Recherche Associée 2578 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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Liedtke C, Zschemisch NH, Cohrs A, Roskams T, Borlak J, Manns MP, Trautwein C. Silencing of caspase-8 in murine hepatocellular carcinomas is mediated via methylation of an essential promoter element. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:1602-15. [PMID: 16285959 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Caspase-8 is the apical caspase essential for triggering Fas-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated caspase-8 expression in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) using recently described HCC mouse models (c-myc and IgEGF transgenes). METHODS HCCs were isolated from c-myc and IgEGF transgenic animals. Expression of caspase-8 was monitored by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The murine caspase-8 promoter was characterized by luciferase-reporter analysis and the analysis of promoter methylation was performed by bisulfite genomic sequencing. RESULTS In HCCs investigated, we frequently found a lack of caspase-8 messenger RNA expression. Genomic deletions at the caspase-8 locus did not contribute to caspase-8 silencing. We examined tumor-derived promoter sequences and found significant hypermethylation at distinct CpG sites. In parallel, we characterized the murine caspase-8 promoter and identified a 30-bp promoter element that is indispensable for basal promoter activity. This minimal promoter element contained SP1 binding motifs that are colocalized with CpG sites and were methylated in tumor-derived promoter sequences. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis showed that methylation of these SP1 sites is sufficient to prevent SP1 complex formation. To support our data, we mimicked the methylation pattern of a tumor-derived caspase-8 promoter in vitro using CpG methylase and found a strong reduction of promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS We show that HCCs are correlated frequently with silencing of caspase-8 expression and provide data suggesting that caspase-8 silencing is a direct consequence of inhibiting SP1-dependent transactivation caused by CpG methylation at its essential binding sites in the promoter region. Our data support the hypothesis that inhibition of apoptosis triggers hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Liedtke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
In a recent article M.G. Sacco and co-workers described the establishment of immortalized untransformed transgenic hepatocyte (MMH-GH) cell lines, obtained from a cross between the AT/cytoMet and Hsp70/hGH transgenic mice. This strategy proved to be successful because the MMH-GH showed stability in culture and sensitivity to chemical exposure. Based on these results, the MMH-GH cell lines could prove to be a valid alternative cell-based assay for use in toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartung
- ECVAM (European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods), IHCP (Institute for Health and Consumer Protection), JRC (Joint Research Centre), European Commission, Via E. Fermi 1, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy
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Boomkens SY, Spee B, IJzer J, Kisjes R, Egberink HF, van den Ingh TSGAM, Rothuizen J, Penning LC. The establishment and characterization of the first canine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, which resembles human oncogenic expression patterns. COMPARATIVE HEPATOLOGY 2004; 3:9. [PMID: 15566568 PMCID: PMC535891 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5926-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most worldwide frequent primary carcinomas resulting in the death of many cirrhotic patients. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms of this cancer are not well understood; therefore, we need a good model system to study HCC. The dog is recognized as a promising model for human medical research, namely compared with rodents. The objective of this study was to establish and characterize a spontaneous canine tumor cell line as a potential model for studies on HCC. Results Histomorphological, biochemical, molecular biological and quantitative assays were performed to characterize the canine HCC cell line that originated from a dog with a spontaneous liver tumor. Morphological investigations provided strong evidence for the hepatocytic and neoplastic nature of the cell line, while biochemical assays showed that they produced liver-specific enzymes. PCR analysis confirmed expression of ceruloplasmin, alpha-fetoprotein and serum albumin. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that the canine HCC cell line resembles human HCC based on the measurements of expression profiles of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions We have developed a novel, spontaneous tumor liver cell line of canine origin that has many characteristics of human HCC. Therefore, the canine HCC cell line might be an excellent model for comparative studies on the molecular pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Y Boomkens
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jooske IJzer
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Kisjes
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Herman F Egberink
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ted SGAM van den Ingh
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, P.O. Box 80154, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Priesner C, Hesse F, Windgassen D, Klocke R, Paul D, Wagner R. LIVER-SPECIFIC PHYSIOLOGY OF IMMORTAL, FUNCTIONALLY DIFFERENTIATED HEPATOCYTES AND OF DEFICIENT HEPATOCYTE-LIKE VARIANTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 40:318-30. [PMID: 15780009 DOI: 10.1290/0404031.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Five different immortalized transgenic hepatocyte cell lines derived from mice were investigated with respect to their potential to maintain the physiological properties of primary hepatocytes using chemically defined medium. This research completes a previous study by Klocke and coworkers in 2002, using gene expression analysis of the same cell lines by the respective physiological analysis for investigating the hepatocyte-like function. Three transgenic cell lines harboring a fusion gene derivative (construct 202) consisting of the complete SV40 early region, including the coding sequences for the transforming large and small tumor antigens, placed under the control of the murine metallothioneine 1-promotor/enhancer element, showed a hepatocyte-like function and physiology. They grew as a monolayer with a polygonal cell shape, consumed lactate, and secreted albumin at a cell-specific rate of 1.5 pg/h, which is in the range of primary hepatocytes. In addition, the potential of detoxifying ammonium could be maintained. Ammonium was metabolized and urea was produced and released into the medium. A complete urea cycle could be determined. A cell line established from neonatal transgenic mice and expressing a secretory variant of the human epidermal growth factor (IgEGF) under the control of the albumin promoter was characterized by an incomplete urea cycle. Another cell line isolated from the liver of homozygote neonatal p53-knockout mice showed no hepatocyte-specific functions but only properties of continuous cell lines. Specific nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) and uridine (U) ratios were used to characterize the differentiation status of the particular cell lines. A low NTP-U value was found for the three cell lines containing construct 202, which was identical to that observed for primary hepatocytes. In contrast, the cell line harvested from the liver of homozygote neonatal p53-knockout mice presented a NTP-U ratio characteristic for continuous cell lines. This study demonstrates that the four transgenic and the p53-knockout hepatocyte-derived cell lines can be used as models for investigating the conservation of tissue-specific functions in immortalized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Priesner
- Cell Culture Technology, German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
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