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Ma X, Lv J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Lin X, Li S, Yang L, Xue F, Yi F, Zhang T. Habitual Iron Supplementation Associated with Elevated Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals with Antihypertensive Medication. Nutrients 2024; 16:2355. [PMID: 39064798 PMCID: PMC11279651 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of habitual iron supplementation on the risk of CKD in individuals with different hypertensive statuses and antihypertension treatment statuses. We included a total of 427,939 participants in the UK Biobank study, who were free of CKD and with complete data on blood pressure at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the adjusted hazard ratios of habitual iron supplementation for CKD risk. After multivariable adjustment, habitual iron supplementation was found to be associated with a significantly higher risk of incident CKD in hypertensive participants (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22), particularly in those using antihypertensive medication (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.35). In contrast, there was no significant association either in normotensive participants (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20) or in hypertensive participants without antihypertensive medication (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.17). Consistently, significant multiplicative and additive interactions were observed between habitual iron supplementation and antihypertensive medication on the risk of incident CKD (p all interaction < 0.05). In conclusion, habitual iron supplementation was related to a higher risk of incident CKD among hypertensive patients, the association might be driven by the use of antihypertensive medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (F.X.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (F.X.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (F.X.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (F.X.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (F.X.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children’s Minnesota Research Institute, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA;
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2V 0N5, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 0N5, Canada
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (F.X.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (X.M.); (J.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (F.X.)
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Zidan A, El Saadany AA, El Maghraby GM, Abdin AA, Hedya SE. Potential cardioprotective and anticancer effects of carvedilol either free or as loaded nanoparticles with or without doxorubicin in solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 465:116448. [PMID: 36921847 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cardioprotective and anti-cancer effects of carvedilol (CAR) either free or as loaded nano-formulated with or without doxorubicin (DOX) in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)-bearing mice. It focused on assessment of cardiac damage, drug resistance, apoptosis, oxidative stress status, angiogenesis and proliferation. METHODS CAR was loaded into poly-D,L lactic-co-glycolic acid)PLGA(or Niosomes. SEC was induced in female albino mice as an experimental model of breast cancer. Seventy-two mice were randomly divided into 9 equal groups (Normal control, Untreated-SEC, SEC + DOX, SEC + CAR-free, SEC + CAR-PLGA, SEC + CAR-Niosomes, SEC + DOX + CAR-free, SEC + DOX + CAR-PLGA and SEC + DOX + CAR-Niosomes). Tumor volume and survival rate were recorded. On day 28 from tumor inoculation, mice were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for determination of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). One part from tumor tissues was prepared for assessment of multidrug resistance protein-1 (MDR-1), caspase-3, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the other part was processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67. RESULTS There was non-significant difference between CAR-free, CAR-PLGA and CAR-Niosomes as anticancer either alone or when combined with DOX. However, CAR-free demonstrated potential cardioprotective effects against cardiac damage mediated by cancer or DOX that have been enhanced using CAR-PLGA or CAR-Niosomes, but that of Niosomes outperformed them both. CONCLUSION CAR could be used as an adjuvant therapy with DOX, especially when nanoformualted with PLGA and even better with Niosomes, without compromising its cytotoxicity against cancer cells and preventing its cardiotoxic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Zidan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Amira A El Saadany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Amany A Abdin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Sabeha E Hedya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Amirshahrokhi K, Niapour A. Carvedilol attenuates brain damage in mice with hepatic encephalopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109119. [PMID: 35933745 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury is the most common and serious consequence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. Excessive inflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic responses are the major mechanisms involved in the progression of brain injury induced by HE. Carvedilol is an adrenergic receptor antagonist with pronouncedantioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to investigatethe effects and underlying mechanisms of carvedilol on HE-induced brain damage in mice. Experimental model of HE was induced by the injection of thioacetamide (200 mg/kg) for two consecutive days and then mice were treated with carvedilol (10 or 20 mg/kg/day, orally) for 3 days in treatment groups. After the behavioral test, animals were sacrificed and the brain tissues were collected for biochemical, real time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that carvedilol improved locomotor impairment and reduced mortality rate in mice with HE. Carvedilol treatment decreased the brain levels of oxidative stress markers and induced Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Carvedilol inhibited the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1β and IL-6 in the brain tissues. Treatment of mice with carvedilol caused a significant reduction in the brain levels of iNOS/NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and chemokine MCP-1 as proinflammatory mediators in HE. Moreover, the ratio of Bcl2/Bax was increased and apoptotic cell death was decreased in the brain of mice treated with carvedilol. In conclusion, carvedilol exerted protective effect against HE-induced brain injury through increasing antioxidant defense mechanisms and inhibitionof inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Amirshahrokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Ali Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Preparation of novel symmetrical
bistetrazole‐carbazole
derivatives through a
one‐pot Ugi‐azide
reaction. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Debnath S, Das T, Pati TK, Majumdar S, Maiti DK. Metal-Free Indole-Phenacyl Bromide Cyclization: A Regioselective Synthesis of 3,5-Diarylcarbazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13272-13279. [PMID: 33006280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, simultaneous triple C-C coupling cyclization reaction between phenacyl bromides and indoles is discovered in a highly regioselective fashion to furnish 3,5-diarylcarbazoles. DMAP is utilized as the only reagent for the unusual and rapid cyclization reaction to furnish all new carbazole compounds through installation of a great diversity of substituents. A plausible radical mechanism for the new reaction is predicted by conducting various control experiments, competitive reactions, furoindole formation, and ESI-MS analyses of the ongoing cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tuluma Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tanmay K Pati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, India
| | - Dilip K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Mishima E, Sato E, Ito J, Yamada KI, Suzuki C, Oikawa Y, Matsuhashi T, Kikuchi K, Toyohara T, Suzuki T, Ito S, Nakagawa K, Abe T. Drugs Repurposed as Antiferroptosis Agents Suppress Organ Damage, Including AKI, by Functioning as Lipid Peroxyl Radical Scavengers. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 31:280-296. [PMID: 31767624 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis, nonapoptotic cell death mediated by free radical reactions and driven by the oxidative degradation of lipids, is a therapeutic target because of its role in organ damage, including AKI. Ferroptosis-causing radicals that are targeted by ferroptosis suppressors have not been unequivocally identified. Because certain cytochrome P450 substrate drugs can prevent lipid peroxidation via obscure mechanisms, we evaluated their antiferroptotic potential and used them to identify ferroptosis-causing radicals. METHODS Using a cell-based assay, we screened cytochrome P450 substrate compounds to identify drugs with antiferroptotic activity and investigated the underlying mechanism. To evaluate radical-scavenging activity, we used electron paramagnetic resonance-spin trapping methods and a fluorescence probe for lipid radicals, NBD-Pen, that we had developed. We then assessed the therapeutic potency of these drugs in mouse models of cisplatin-induced AKI and LPS/galactosamine-induced liver injury. RESULTS We identified various US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and hormones that have antiferroptotic properties, including rifampicin, promethazine, omeprazole, indole-3-carbinol, carvedilol, propranolol, estradiol, and thyroid hormones. The antiferroptotic drug effects were closely associated with the scavenging of lipid peroxyl radicals but not significantly related to interactions with other radicals. The elevated lipid peroxyl radical levels were associated with ferroptosis onset, and known ferroptosis suppressors, such as ferrostatin-1, also functioned as lipid peroxyl radical scavengers. The drugs exerted antiferroptotic activities in various cell types, including tubules, podocytes, and renal fibroblasts. Moreover, in mice, the drugs ameliorated AKI and liver injury, with suppression of tissue lipid peroxidation and decreased cell death. CONCLUSIONS Although elevated lipid peroxyl radical levels can trigger ferroptosis onset, some drugs that scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals can help control ferroptosis-related disorders, including AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eikan Mishima
- Divisions of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine and
| | - Emiko Sato
- Divisions of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine and.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chitose Suzuki
- Divisions of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine and
| | | | | | - Koichi Kikuchi
- Divisions of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine and
| | | | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Divisions of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine and
| | - Sadayoshi Ito
- Divisions of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine and.,Katta Public General Hospital, Shiroishi, Japan; and
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Divisions of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine and.,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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8
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Bassareo PP, Monte I, Romano C, Deidda M, Piras A, Cugusi L, Coppola C, Galletta F, Mercuro G. Cardiotoxicity from anthracycline and cardioprotection in paediatric cancer patients. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 17 Suppl 1 Special issue on Cardiotoxicity from Antiblastic Drugs and Cardioprotection:e55-e63. [PMID: 27755243 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the steady progress in survival rates of children and adolescents suffering from cancer, the benefits associated with chemotherapy do not come without risks involving multiple organs and systems, including the cardiovascular apparatus. Anthracyclines-often administered in combination with radiation therapy and/or surgery-are the most used chemotherapeutic compounds in order to treat tumours and blood malignancies even in paediatric age. Being an important side-effect of anthracyclines, carduitoxicity may limit their efficacy during the treatment and induce long-term sequelae, observed even many years after therapy completion. The purpose of this review was to perform an overview about all the possible strategies to prevent and/or limit the anthracyclines adverse side-effects for the cardiovascular system in childhood cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier P Bassareo
- aDepartment of Medical Sciences 'Mario Aresu', University of Cagliari bGeneral Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialities Department, University of Catania cDivision of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale'-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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9
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Malig TC, Ashkin MR, Burman AL, Barday M, Heyne BJM, Back TG. Comparison of free-radical inhibiting antioxidant properties of carvedilol and its phenolic metabolites. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:606-615. [PMID: 30108776 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carvedilol is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of heart failure and the prevention of associated ventricular arrhythmias. It has also been reported to function as a biological antioxidant via hydrogen atom transfer from its carbazole N-H moiety to chain-propagating radicals. Metabolites of the drug include phenolic derivatives, such as 3-hydroxy-, 4'-hydroxy- and 5'-hydroxycarvedilol, which are also potential antioxidants. A comparison of the radical-inhibiting activities of the parent drug and the three metabolites was carried out in two separate assays. In the first, hydrogen atom transfer from these four compounds to the stable radical DPPH was measured by the decrease in the UV-visible absorption at 515 nm of the latter. The known radical inhibitors BHT, 4-hydroxycarbazole and α-tocopherol were employed as benchmarks in parallel experiments. In the second assay, inhibition of the photoinduced free-radical 1,2-addition of Se-phenyl p-tolueneselenosulfonate to cyclopropylacetylene, along with competing ring-opening of the cyclopropane ring, was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy in the presence of the carvedilol-based and benchmark antioxidants. In both assays, carvedilol displayed negligible antioxidant activity, while the three metabolites all proved superior radical inhibitors to BHT, with radical-quenching abilities in the order 3-hydroxy- > 5'-hydroxy > 4'-hydroxycarvedilol. Among the metabolites, 3-hydroxycarvedilol displayed even stronger activity in both assays than α-tocopherol, the best of the benchmark antioxidants. These results suggest that the radical-inhibiting antioxidant properties that have been attributed to carvedilol are largely or exclusively due to its metabolites and not to the parent drug itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Malig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Mitchell R Ashkin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Austin L Burman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Manuel Barday
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Belinda J M Heyne
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
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Morita M, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T, Niki E. Inhibition of plasma lipid oxidation induced by peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, 15-lipoxygenase, and singlet oxygen by clinical drugs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5411-5417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Carvalho Rodrigues MA, dos Santos NAG, da Silva Faria MC, Rodrigues JL, Kinoshita A, Baffa O, Antunes LMG, Barbosa F, Gobe GC, dos Santos AC. Carvedilol protects the kidneys of tumor-bearing mice without impairing the biodistribution or the genotoxicity of cisplatin. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 245:59-65. [PMID: 26751708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (Cisp) is an effective antitumor drug; however, it causes severe nephrotoxicity. Minimization of renal toxicity is essential, but the interference of nephroprotective agents, particularly antioxidants, with the antitumor activity of cisplatin is a general concern. We have recently demonstrated that the anti-hypertensive and antioxidant drug carvedilol (CV) protects against the renal damage and increases the survival of tumor-bearing mice without impairing the tumor reduction by cisplatin. So far, reports on the antioxidant mechanism of CV are controversial and there are no data on the impact of CV on the antitumor mechanisms of cisplatin. Therefore, this study addresses the effect of CV on mechanisms underlying the tumor control by cisplatin. CV did not interfere with the biodistribution or the genotoxicity of cisplatin. We also addressed the antioxidant mechanisms of CV and demonstrated that it does not neutralize free radicals, but is an efficient chelator of ferrous ions that are relevant catalyzers in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The present data suggest that oxidative damage and genotoxicity play different roles in the toxicity of cisplatin on kidneys and tumors and therefore, some antioxidants might be safe as chemoprotectors. Altogether, our studies provide consistent evidence of the beneficial effect of CV on animals treated with cisplatin and might encourage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Carvalho Rodrigues
- Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal, UDF, SEP/SUL EQ704/904 Conj.A, Brasilia/DF, CEP 70390-045, Brazil
| | - Neife A G dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia C da Silva Faria
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhona e Mucuri, UFVJM, Campus do Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni/MG, Rua do Cruzeiro, nº 01 - Jardim, São Paulo, CEP 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Jairo Lisboa Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhona e Mucuri, UFVJM, Campus do Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni/MG, Rua do Cruzeiro, nº 01 - Jardim, São Paulo, CEP 39803-371, Brazil
| | - Angela Kinoshita
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Baffa
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusania M Greggi Antunes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Antonio Cardozo dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Granata S, Dalla Gassa A, Tomei P, Lupo A, Zaza G. Mitochondria: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:49. [PMID: 26612997 PMCID: PMC4660721 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron "leakage" from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of cells and tissues. To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional therapies could be employed. However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects. Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess their overall efficacy or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Alessandra Dalla Gassa
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Paola Tomei
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, VR Italy
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de Souza GC, Gomes JADS, de Góis Queiroz AI, de Araújo MM, Cavalcante LM, Machado MDJS, Monte AS, de Lucena DF, Quevedo J, Carvalho AF, Macêdo D. Preclinical Evidences for an Antimanic Effect of Carvedilol. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:692541. [PMID: 26075103 PMCID: PMC4446493 DOI: 10.1155/2015/692541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative imbalance, alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) pathophysiology and comorbidities, for example, cardiovascular conditions. Carvedilol (CVD), a nonselective beta-blocker widely used for the treatment of hypertension, presents antioxidant and mitochondrial stabilizing properties. Thus, we hypothesized that CVD would prevent and/or reverse mania-like behavioral and neurochemical alterations induced by lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX). To do this, male Wistar rats were submitted to two different protocols, namely, prevention and reversal. In the prevention treatment the rats received daily oral administration (mg/kg) of CVD (2.5, 5 or 7.5), saline, valproate (VAL200), or the combination of CVD5 + VAL100 for 7 days. From the 8th to 14th day LDX was added. In the reversal protocol LDX was administered for 7 days with the drugs being added from the 8th to 14th day of treatment. Two hours after the last administration the behavioral (open field and social interaction) and neurochemical (reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and BDNF) determinations were performed. The results showed that CVD prevented and reversed the behavioral and neurochemical alterations induced by LDX. The administration of CVD5 + VAL100 potentiated the effect of VAL200 alone. Taken together these results demonstrate a possible antimanic effect of CVD in this preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greicy Coelho de Souza
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Julia Ariana de S. Gomes
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Isabelle de Góis Queiroz
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Maíra Morais de Araújo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lígia Menezes Cavalcante
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Michel de Jesus Souza Machado
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos Monte
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - David Freitas de Lucena
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center for Experimental Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - André Ferrer Carvalho
- Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-160 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macêdo
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Akgüllü Ç, Hekim T, Eryılmaz U, Boyacıoğlu M, Güngör H, Meteoğlu İ, Karul A, Onbaşılı OA. The usefulness of carvedilol and nebivolol in preventing contrast nephropathy in rats. Ren Fail 2015; 37:511-7. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1006087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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15
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Visani G, Loscocco F, Isidori A. Nanomedicine strategies for hematological malignancies: what is next? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2415-28. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The major obstacle in treating cancer depends on the low therapeutic index of most anticancer drugs. The lack of specificity, coupled with the large volumes of distribution, translates into a nonpreferential distribution of anticancer drugs to the tumor. Accordingly, the dose of the anticancer drug that is achievable within tumor is limited, resulting in suboptimal treatment and unwanted toxicity. Nanoparticles applied as drug-delivery systems are submicron-sized (3–200 nm) particles, that can enhance the selectivity of the active drug to cancer cells through a change of its pharmacokinetic profile, while avoiding toxicity in normal cells. This review will discuss the current uses of nanodrugs in hematology, with a focus on the most promising nanoparticles in development for the treatment of hematologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Visani
- Hematology & Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Marche Nord, Via Lombroso, 1-61100 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Federica Loscocco
- Hematology & Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Marche Nord, Via Lombroso, 1-61100 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Isidori
- Hematology & Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Center, AORMN Marche Nord, Via Lombroso, 1-61100 Pesaro, Italy
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Saravanabhavan M, Murugesan V, Sekar M. Microwave assisted synthesis of pyrido[2,3-a]carbazoles; investigation of in vitro DNA binding/cleavage, antioxidant and cytotoxicity studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 133:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Carvalho Rodrigues MA, Silva Faria MCD, Santos NAD, Gobe GC, dos Santos AC. Carvedilol efficiently protects kidneys without affecting the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Carvalho FS, Burgeiro A, Garcia R, Moreno AJ, Carvalho RA, Oliveira PJ. Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: From Bioenergetic Failure and Cell Death to Cardiomyopathy. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:106-35. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa S. Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Ana Burgeiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
- IMAR-Institute of Marine Research; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Rita Garcia
- IMAR-Institute of Marine Research; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - António J. Moreno
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
- IMAR-Institute of Marine Research; University of Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Rui A. Carvalho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; 3004-517 Coimbra Portugal
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Saindane NS, Pagar KP, Vavia PR. Nanosuspension based in situ gelling nasal spray of carvedilol: development, in vitro and in vivo characterization. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:189-99. [PMID: 23255198 PMCID: PMC3581647 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to develop in situ gelling nasal spray formulation of carvedilol (CRV) nanosuspension to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. Solvent precipitation-ultrasonication method was opted for the preparation of CRV nanosuspension which further incorporated into the in situ gelling polymer phase. Optimized formulation was extensively characterized for various physical parameters like in situ gelation, rheological properties and in vitro drug release. Formation of in situ gel upon contact with nasal fluid was conferred via the use of ion-activated gellan gum as carrier. In vivo studies in rabbits were performed comparing the nasal bioavailability of CRV after oral, nasal, and intravenous administration. Optimized CRV nanosuspension prepared by combination of poloxamer 407 and oleic acid showed good particle size [d (0.9); 0.19 μm], zeta potential (+10.2 mV) and polydispersity (span; 0.63). The formulation containing 0.5% w/v gellan gum demonstrated good gelation ability and desired sustained drug release over period of 12 h. In vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the absolute bioavailability of in situ nasal spray formulation (69.38%) was significantly increased as compared to orally administered CRV (25.96%) with mean residence time 8.65 h. Hence, such in situ gel system containing drug nanosuspension is a promising approach for the intranasal delivery in order to increase nasal mucosal permeability and in vivo residence time which altogether improves drug bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh S. Saindane
- Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Kunal P. Pagar
- Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Pradeep R. Vavia
- Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019 India
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Adsul LK, Bandgar BP, Chavan HV, Jalde SS, Dhakane VD, Shirfule AL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel series of aminopyrimidine derivatives as urease inhibitors and antimicrobial agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:1316-23. [PMID: 23230954 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.740477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of carbazole substituted aminopyrimidines (5a-p) were synthesized and screened for their in vitro urease inhibition and antimicrobial activity. Among the compounds, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-6-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-pyrimidin-2-amine (5i) was found to be the most potent showing urease inhibitory activity with an IC50 value 19.4 ± 0.43 µM. Compounds 5c, 5g, 5j and 5o showed good activity against all selected bacterial strains and compounds 5b, 5c, 5m and 5o showed good activity against selected fungal strains. All the compounds were subjected for ADME predictions by computational method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman K Adsul
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University , Solapur, Maharashtra , India
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Huang H, Shan J, Pan XH, Bao XF, Qian LB, Xia Q. Carvedilol Protects Early Diabetic Rat Hearts through Reducing Oxidative Stress. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2006:929-32. [PMID: 17282336 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high in diabetes mellitus. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor and selective alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker, also has antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study the effect of carvedilol on the antioxidative status of cardiac tissue was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced early diabetic rats. The subjects were randomly divided into age-matched rats, STZ-induced untreated diabetic rats, small and large dosage (1mg/kg/d or 10mg/kg/d) carvedilol-administrated diabetic rats. After 5 weeks, hemodynamic parameters, echocardiography characteristics and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the cardiac tissues of all groups were meassured. Diabetic rats had lower ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and higher systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and developed pressure. These parameters were improved by administration of carvedilol. Diabetic rats showed elevated MDA level and CAT activity, but lower activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Carvedilol treatment increased activities of SOD and GSH-Px in diabetic rats. These results indicate that carvedilol improves cardiac function via its antioxidant property in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (phone: 0086-0571-81891231; e-mail: )
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Bandgar BP, Adsul LK, Chavan HV, Jalde SS, Shringare SN, Shaikh R, Meshram RJ, Gacche RN, Masand V. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of 3-(substituted)-aryl-5-(9-methyl-3-carbazole)-1H-2-pyrazolines as potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5839-44. [PMID: 22901385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 3-(substituted)-aryl-5-(9-methyl-3-carbazole)-1H-2-pyrazolines (5a-o) has been synthesized and the structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, (1)H NMR and mass spectral analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, and also for their antioxidant activity. Compounds 5b, 5c, 5d and 5n were found to be selective COX-2 inhibitors. Compound 5c was found to potent inhibitor of the carrageenin induced paw edema in rats. Most of the compounds exhibited good DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activity, while compounds 5c, 5d, 5i and 5k exhibited good hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Molecular docking result, along with the biological assay data, suggested that compound 5c was a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasaheb P Bandgar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University, Solapur 413 255, Maharashtra, India.
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Bandgar BP, Adsul LK, Chavan HV, Shringare SN, Korbad BL, Jalde SS, Lonikar SV, Nile SH, Shirfule AL. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking of N-{3-[3-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-acryloyl]-phenyl}-benzamide/amide derivatives as xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:5649-57. [PMID: 22901670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 3-formyl-9-methylcarbazole with various amides of 3-aminoacetophenone afforded N-{3-[3-(9-methyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-acryloyl]-phenyl}-benzamide/amide derivatives. All compounds were investigated for their in vitro xanthine oxidase (XO), tyrosinase and melanin production inhibitory activity. Most of the target compounds had more potent XO inhibitory activity than the standard drug (IC(50) = 4.3-5.6 μM). Interestingly, compound 7q bearing cyclopropyl ring was found to be the most potent inhibitor of XO (IC(50) = 4.3 μM). Molecular modelling study gave an insight into its binding modes with XO. Compounds 7a, 7d, 7e, 7g, and 7k were found to be potent inhibitors of tyrosinase (IC(50) = 14.01-17.52 μM). These results suggest the possible use of these compounds for the design and development of novel XO and tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasaheb P Bandgar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University, Solapur 413255, Maharashtra, India.
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Harake D, Franco VI, Henkel JM, Miller TL, Lipshultz SE. Cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer survivors: strategies for prevention and management. Future Cardiol 2012; 8:647-70. [PMID: 22871201 PMCID: PMC3870660 DOI: 10.2217/fca.12.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer treatment have greatly improved survival rates of children with cancer. However, these same chemotherapeutic or radiologic treatments may result in long-term health consequences. Anthracyclines, chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used to treat children with cancer, are known to be cardiotoxic, but the mechanism by which they induce cardiac damage is still not fully understood. A higher cumulative anthracycline dose and a younger age of diagnosis are only a few of the many risk factors that identify the children at increased risk of developing cardiotoxicity. While cardiotoxicity can develop at anytime, starting from treatment initiation and well into adulthood, identifying the best cardioprotective measures to minimize the long-term damage caused by anthracyclines in children is imperative. Dexrazoxane is the only known agent to date, that is associated with less cardiac dysfunction, without reducing the oncologic efficacy of the anthracycline doxorubicin in children. Given the serious long-term health consequences of cancer treatments on survivors of childhood cancers, it is essential to investigate new approaches to improving the safety of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Harake
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vivian I Franco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Henkel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tracie L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Holtz Children's Hospital of the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven E Lipshultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Holtz Children's Hospital of the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
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Kim YH, Park SM, Kim M, Kim SH, Lim SY, Ahn JC, Song WH, Shim WJ. Cardioprotective effects of rosuvastatin and carvedilol on delayed cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 22:488-98. [PMID: 22455613 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.678406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Doxorubicin is widely used anti-neoplastic drug but has serious cardiotoxicity. Long-term cardioprotective effects of statin and carvedilol against delayed cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin was not well elucidated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate long-term cardioprotective effects of co-administered rosuvastatin and carvedilol against chronic doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) in rats. METHODS Sixty-one rats were assigned to six groups: group I, control; group II, doxorubicin only (1.25 mg/kg, bi-daily, I.P.); group III, doxorubicin + rosuvastatin (2 mg/kg/day, P.O.); group IV, doxorubicin + rosuvastatin(10 mg/kg/day, P.O.); group V, doxorubicin + carvedilol (5 mg/kg/day, P.O.); group VI, doxorubicin + carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day, P.O.). Drugs were administered for 4 weeks (by week 4) and rats were observed without drugs for 4 weeks (by week 8). RESULTS After 4 weeks discontinuation of drugs (week 8), group III showed higher +dP/dt (p = 0.058), lower -dP/dt (p = 0.009), lower left ventricular (LV) tissue malondialdehyde (MDA; p = 0.022), and less LV fibrosis (p = 0.011) than group II. Group IV showed similar results to group III. However, in group V and VI, carvedilol failed to reduce LV dysfunction, elevation of troponin or myocardial fibrosis, although group V showed lower LV tissue MDA (p = 0.004) than group II. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Myocardial injury and LV systolic/diastolic dysfunction at week 8 was alleviated by co-administered rosuvastatin, but not by carvedilol. It is unclear whether the cardioprotective effect of rosuvastatin is attributed to a suppression of oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin, because carvedilol did not exhibit a cardioprotective effect despite its antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Bandgar BP, Adsul LK, Lonikar SV, Chavan HV, Shringare SN, Patil SA, Jalde SS, Koti BA, Dhole NA, Gacche RN, Shirfule A. Synthesis of novel carbazole chalcones as radical scavenger, antimicrobial and cancer chemopreventive agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:593-600. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.663365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Babasaheb P. Bandgar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra
| | - Laxman K. Adsul
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra
| | - Shrikant V. Lonikar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra
| | - Hemant V. Chavan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra
| | - Sadanand N. Shringare
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra
| | - Sachin A. Patil
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra
| | - Shivkumar S. Jalde
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra
| | - Basawaraj A. Koti
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Solapur University,
Solapur, Maharashtra
| | - Nagesh A. Dhole
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, S.R.T.M. University,
Nanded, Maharashtra
| | - Rajesh N. Gacche
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, S.R.T.M. University,
Nanded, Maharashtra
| | - Amol Shirfule
- Food and Drug Toxicology Research Centre, National Institute of Nutrition,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Carvalho Rodrigues MA, Gobe G, Santos NAG, Santos AC. Carvedilol protects against apoptotic cell death induced by cisplatin in renal tubular epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2012; 75:981-990. [PMID: 22852848 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2012.696512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic drug; however, its use is limited by nephrotoxicity. Studies showed that the renal injury produced by cisplatin involves oxidative stress and cell death mediated by apoptosis and necrosis in proximal tubular cells. The use of antioxidants to decrease cisplatin-induced renal cell death was suggested as a potential therapeutic measure. In this study the possible protective effects of carvedilol, a beta blocker with antioxidant activity, was examined against cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HK-2 human kidney proximal tubular cells. The mitochondrial events involved in this protection were also investigated. Four groups were used: controls (C), cisplatin alone at 25 μM (CIS), cisplatin 25 μM plus carvedilol 50 μM (CV + CIS), and carvedilol alone 50 μM (CV). Cell viability, apoptosis, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were determined. Data demonstrated that carvedilol effectively increased cell viability and minimized caspase activation and apoptosis in HK-2 cells, indicating this may be a promising drug to reduce nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carvalho Rodrigues
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Khaksary Mahabady M, Najafzadeh Varzi H, Bakhtiari E. The effects of cyclophosphamide, melatonin and carvedilol on neural tube and skeletal system of mice fetuses in prenatal period. Ann Anat 2011; 193:459-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rodrigues MC, Rodrigues J, Martins N, Barbosa F, Curti C, Santos N, Santos A. Carvedilol protects against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, redox state unbalance and apoptosis in rat kidney mitochondria. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 189:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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Carvedilol treatment reduces transthyretin deposition in a familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy mouse model. Pharmacol Res 2010; 62:514-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kurita A, Taniguchi T, Yamamoto K. The Effects of Carvedilol Administration on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest Induced by Airway Obstruction. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:1207-10. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181f1bd55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Mitochondrial involvement in cardiac apoptosis during ischemia and reperfusion: can we close the box? Cardiovasc Toxicol 2010; 9:211-27. [PMID: 19855945 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-009-9055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is the main cause of death in the Western societies. Therapeutic strategies aimed to protect the ischemic myocardium have been extensively studied. Reperfusion is the definitive treatment for acute coronary syndromes, especially acute myocardial infarction; however, reperfusion has the potential to exacerbate tissue injury, a process termed reperfusion injury. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury may lead to cardiac arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction that involve apoptosis and necrosis in the heart. The present review describes the mitochondrial role on cardiomyocyte death and some potential pharmacological strategies aimed at preventing the opening of the box, i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction and membrane permeabilization that result into cell death. Data in the literature suggest that mitochondrial disruption during I/R can be avoided, although uncertainties still exist, including the fact that the optimal windows of treatment are still fairly unknown. Despite this, the protection of cardiac mitochondrial function should be critical for the patient survival, and new strategies to avoid mitochondrial alterations should be designed to avoid cardiomyocyte loss.
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Effects of carvedilol on mortality and inflammatory responses to severe hemorrhagic shock in rats. Shock 2009; 32:272-5. [PMID: 19295485 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181a24cb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nonselective beta-adrenoceptor and the selective alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker carvedilol are widely used in hypertensive and/or cardiac failure patients because of its efficacy. However, there have been few studies regarding the effects of carvedilol on severe hemorrhagic shock. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of carvedilol on severe hemorrhagic shock in rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 2 groups (n = 12 per group): control group, no medication; and treatment group, oral administration of carvedilol (10 mg/kg per day) for 5 days. All animals were anesthetized with i.p. pentobarbital. Severe hemorrhagic shock was induced by partial exsanguination. Eight minutes after shock, all removed blood was returned to the animal. No other treatments were administered before, during, or after shock. Hemodynamics and arterial blood gases were recorded, mortality was calculated for the 5-h observation period, and plasma cytokine concentrations were measured at 5 h after shock. The mortality rates at 5 h after cardiac arrest were 8% and 50% for control and treatment groups, respectively. The increases in base deficit and lactate concentrations were less in the control group than that in the treatment group. Moreover, the increases in TNF-alpha concentrations were less in the control group than in the treatment group. The present study indicated that oral administration of carvedilol had adverse effects on mortality and inflammatory responses to severe hemorrhagic shock in rats. These findings suggest that carvedilol may adversely affect recovery from severe hemorrhagic shock.
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Zoroddu MA, Medici S, Peana M. Metal-chelating properties of carvedilol: an antihypertensive drug with antioxidant activity. J COORD CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970903267280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serenella Medici
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Sassari , Via Vienna 2, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Sassari , Via Vienna 2, Sassari 07100, Italy
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Rodrigues MAC, Rodrigues JL, Martins NM, Barbosa F, Curti C, Santos NAG, Santos AC. Carvedilol protects against the renal mitochondrial toxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. Mitochondrion 2009; 10:46-53. [PMID: 19772951 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of cisplatin is highly limited by its nephrotoxicity, which has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated the protective effect of carvedilol, an antihypertensive with strong antioxidant properties, against the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats. Carvedilol was able to counteract the renal damage by preventing the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by cisplatin. The mitochondrial eletrochemical potential, calcium uptake, respiration and the phosphorylative capacity were preserved by the co-administration of carvedilol. The mechanism of protection probably does not involve alterations in the cellular and sub-cellular distribution of cisplatin. The study suggests that carvedilol is a potential drug for the adjuvant nephroprotective therapy during cisplatin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carvalho Rodrigues
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Szajerski P, Zielonka J, Sikora A, Adamus J, Marcinek A, Gebicki J, Kozlovski VI, Drelicharz L, Chłopicki S. Radical scavenging and NO-releasing properties of selected β-adrenoreceptor antagonists. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:741-52. [PMID: 16984001 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600690329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is claimed that novel beta-adrenolytic drugs possess superior antioxidant properties as compared to classical selective or non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Here we tested this notion by analyzing radical scavenging properties of selected beta-adrenolytic drugs and their ability to release nitric oxide in biological preparations. Selective beta1-adrenolytics such as nebivolol, atenolol, metoprolol and non-selective beta-adrenolytics with alpha1-receptor blocking properties such as carvedilol and labetalol were chosen for analysis. NO-releasing properties of nebivolol and carvedilol distinguished third generation beta-adrenolytics from their older counterparts while the reactivity towards hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals discerns only carvedilol but not nebivolol. Thus, superior clinical efficacy of third generation beta-adrenolytics may be related to their ability to release NO rather then to their direct antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szajerski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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38
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Haber A, Mahammed A, Fuhrman B, Volkova N, Coleman R, Hayek T, Aviram M, Gross Z. Amphiphilic/Bipolar metallocorroles that catalyze the decomposition of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, rescue lipoproteins from oxidative damage, and attenuate atherosclerosis in mice. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7896-900. [PMID: 18798207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Haber
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
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39
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Haber A, Mahammed A, Fuhrman B, Volkova N, Coleman R, Hayek T, Aviram M, Gross Z. Amphiphilic/Bipolar Metallocorroles That Catalyze the Decomposition of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species, Rescue Lipoproteins from Oxidative Damage, and Attenuate Atherosclerosis in Mice. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Oxidative and inflammatory stresses are cardinal in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress also leads to the induction of inflammation through the activation of proinflammatory transcription factors. Understanding the mechanisms leading to oxidative stress and the means of suppressing it are important in controlling complications related to atherogenesis, since oxidative and inflammatory stress are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The failure of chemical antioxidants [which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS)], such as vitamins E and C, has led to further exploration of the ROS-suppressive effects of drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Carvedilol has been shown to possess both ROS-scavenging and ROS-suppressive effects, and its use is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of carvedilol have now been described. Although further clinical investigations are required, these properties may contribute to the improvement in clinical outcomes observed with carvedilol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York 14209, USA.
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41
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Fu GS, Huang H, Chen F, Wang HP, Qian LB, Ke XY, Xia Q. Carvedilol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 567:223-30. [PMID: 17559835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The beta-blocker, carvedilol has an additional endothelium-dependent vasodilating properties in patients with hypertension or heart failure. Whether carvedilol can improve endothelium-dependent relaxation in a diabetic animal model and its mechanism of action are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carvedilol on the endothelial-response of aortas from diabetic rats and the underlying mechanism. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced endothelium-independent relaxation, and expression of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) mRNA were measured in aortas isolated from both non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The level of NO in serum was also measured 5 weeks after carvedilol administration (1 or 10 mg/kg/day). Endothelium-dependent relaxation declined along with the decrease of serum NO level in aortas from diabetic rats. Treatment with carvedilol for 5 weeks prevented the inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation and the decrease of serum NO levels caused by diabetes. The expression of NOS3 mRNA, protein expression and NOS3 phosphorylation at Ser1177 in diabetic rat aorta was very low in untreated diabetic aortas compared with the healthy group. Administration of carvedilol not only significantly increased the expression of NOS3 mRNA but also protein expression and NOS3 phosphorylation at Ser1177 in the healthy and diabetic groups. In conclusion, chronic carvedilol administration significantly ameliorated the endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat aortas, in which increased NO level, up-regulated NOS3 mRNA and phosphorylation at Ser1177 may be involved.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Carvedilol
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Isometric Contraction/drug effects
- Male
- Nitric Oxide/blood
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/biosynthesis
- Phosphorylation
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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42
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Huang H, Shan J, Pan XH, Wang HP, Qian LB, Xia Q. Carvedilol improved diabetic rat cardiac function depending on antioxidant ability. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 75:7-13. [PMID: 16780994 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Bcl-2 gene has a close connection with antagonizing oxidative stress destroy in many diseases including diabetes. Carvedilol, an adrenoceptor blocker, also has antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. To study the effect of carvedilol on the antioxidant status and expression of Bcl-2 in healthy and diabetic hearts, we investigated carvedilol-administrated healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After small and large dosage (1 or 10mg/kg/d) carvedilol-administrated for 5 weeks, hemodynamic parameters, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in the cardiac tissues of all six groups were measured. Diabetic rats had higher left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), lower maximal rate of rise/fall left ventricle pressure development and decline (+/-dP/dtmax). These parameters were improved by administration of carvedilol. Diabetic rats showed elevated MDA level and CAT activity, but lower activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Carvedilol treatment increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression of Bcl-2 in healthy rats as well as diabetic rats. These results indicate that carvedilol improves cardiac function via its antioxidant property in diabetic rats partly.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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43
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Huang H, Shan J, Pan XH, Wang HP, Qian LB. Carvedilol protected diabetic rat hearts via reducing oxidative stress. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2006; 7:725-31. [PMID: 16909474 PMCID: PMC1559793 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2006.b0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Bcl-2 gene has close connection with antioxidant stress destruction in many diseases including diabetes. Carvedilol, an adrenoceptor blocker, also has antioxidant properties. To study the effect of carvedilol on the antioxidant status in diabetic hearts, we investigated carvedilol-administrated healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After small and large dosage carvedilol-administered for 5 weeks, hemodynamic parameters, the levels of malondialdehyde, activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in the cardiac tissues were measured. The diabetic rats not only had cardiac disfunction, weaker activities of antioxidant enzymes, but also showed lower expression of Bcl-2. Carvedilol treatment increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and expression of Bcl-2 in healthy rats as well as diabetic rats. These results indicated that carvedilol partly improves cardiac function via its antioxidant properties in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
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44
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Ronsein GE, Guidi DB, Benassi JC, Filho DW, Pedrosa RC, Pedrosa RC. Cytoprotective effects of carvedilol against oxygen free radical generation in rat liver. Redox Rep 2006; 10:131-7. [PMID: 16156951 DOI: 10.1179/135100005x38879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of carvedilol, an antihypertensive agent, against oxidative injury caused by acetaminophen were studied in rat liver. Male Wistar rats (250 +/- 30 g) were pre-treated with carvedilol (3.6 mg/kg, p.o.) for 10 days and on the 11th day received an overdose of acetaminophen (800 mg/kg, p.o.). Four hours after acetaminophen administration, blood was collected to determine serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). After that, rats were killed and the livers were excised to determine reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and carbonyl protein contents, and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and also the DNA damage index. Acetaminophen significantly increased the levels of TBARS, the DNA damage and SOD, AST and ALT activities. Carvedilol was able to prevent lipid peroxidation, protein carbonilation and DNA fragmentation caused by acetaminophen. Moreover, this drug prevented increases in SOD, AST and ALT activities. These results show that carvedilol exerts cytoprotective effects against oxidative injury caused by acetaminophen in rat liver. These effects are probably related to the O2*- scavenging property of carvedilol or its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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45
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Horani MH, Haas MJ, Mooradian AD. Suppression of hyperglycemia-induced superoxide formation and endothelin-1 gene expression by carvedilol. Am J Ther 2006; 13:2-7. [PMID: 16428915 DOI: 10.1097/01.mjt.0000155111.46961.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carvedilol (CV) is a beta-blocker with favorable effects on cardiovascular disease. To determine whether CV can prevent increases in superoxide (SO) production due to hyperglycemia, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with either 100 or 500 mg/dL dextrose in the presence or absence of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 micromol/L CV. Superoxide levels were measured using the hydroethidine (HE) fluorescence method. Generation of SO was linear from time 0 to 60 minutes. At 60 minutes, the HE fluorescence in cells treated with 500 mg/dL dextrose (123.3+/-4.9 units) was significantly higher than that in control cells treated with 100 mg/dL dextrose (84.0+/-3.5 units) (P<0.002). Addition of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 micromol/L CV to cells treated with 500 mg/dL dextrose decreased SO generated to 113.3+/-1.8, 98.7+/-8.3, and 70.0+/-1.0 units, respectively (P<0.13, P<0.05, and P<0.004, respectively). Cellular endothelin-1 mRNA and endothelin-1 protein secreted in culture media were significantly increased in the presence of 500 mg/dL dextrose. The addition of 10 micromol/L CV significantly decreased both endothelin-1 (1-21) mRNA and protein levels. Measurements of media lactate dehydrogenase activity indicated that CV inhibited cytotoxicity caused by 500 mg/dL dextrose. These findings suggest that CV not only prevents dextrose-induced SO generation in endothelial cells but may also have favorable effects on gene expression and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad H Horani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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46
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Wouters KA, Kremer LCM, Miller TL, Herman EH, Lipshultz SE. Protecting against anthracycline-induced myocardial damage: a review of the most promising strategies. Br J Haematol 2006; 131:561-78. [PMID: 16351632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 40 years, great progress has been made in treating childhood and adult cancers. However, this progress has come at an unforeseen cost, in the form of emerging long-term effects of anthracycline treatment. A major complication of anthracycline therapy is its adverse cardiovascular effects. If these cardiac complications could be reduced or prevented, higher doses of anthracyclines could potentially be used, thereby further increasing cancer cure rates. Moreover, as the incidence of cardiac toxicity resulting in congestive heart failure or even heart transplantation dropped, the quality and extent of life for cancer survivors would improve. We review the proposed mechanisms of action of anthracyclines and the consequences associated with anthracycline treatment in children and adults. We summarise the most promising current strategies to limit or prevent anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, as well as possible strategies to prevent existing cardiomyopathy from worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn A Wouters
- Division of Paediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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47
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Kowalski J, Błaszczyk J, Petecka E, Irzmański R, Kowalczyk E, Kowalska E, Cegliński T, Pawlicki L. Neutrophils superoxide anion generation during carvedilol therapy in patients with stable angina. Int J Cardiol 2005; 102:397-402. [PMID: 16004883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)) generation was measured during carvedilol therapy in patients with stable angina. The carvedilol group comprised 27 patients (18 men and 9 women), aged 38-51 years (mean 47.6 years) with stable angina. Carvedilol was administered in increased every 4-week doses: 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/24 h, respectively. The control group included 12 healthy subjects, aged 39-49 years (mean 45.7 years) with no drug administered. Blood samples were collected from cubital vein before and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the therapy and once in the control group. Neutrophil O(2)(*-) generation was determined in whole blood without and with opsonized zymosan (OZ) stimulation according to Bellavite et al. method using superoxide dismutase from bovine erythrocytes. O(2)(*-) generation by nonstimulated and OZ-stimulated neutrophils was significantly higher (p<0.05) in patients with stable angina than in the control group. In carvedilol group, statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide anion generation by nonstimulated and OZ-stimulated neutrophils was observed 8 and 12 weeks after the therapy and it did not differ from that in healthy subjects. Carvedilol has been shown to inhibit neutrophil O(2)(*-) generation in patients with stable angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kowalski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Łódź, Poland
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48
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Singh D, Chander V, Chopra K. Carvedilol attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative renal injury in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005; 18:627-34. [PMID: 15548233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2004.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that toxic oxygen radicals play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the kidney. This study was designed to investigate the effects of carvedilol (CVD), an antihypertensive drug in I/R-induced renal failure in rats. The protective effect of CVD against the damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during renal I/R was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats using histopathological and biochemical parameters. In one set of experiments, animals were unilaterally nephrectomized, and subjected to 45 min of left renal pedicle occlusion and in another set both the renal pedicles were occluded for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Carvedilol (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered twice, 30 min prior to ischemia and 12 h after the reperfusion period. At the end of the reperfusion period, rats were killed. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in renal tissue. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were measured for the evaluation of renal function. Ischemic control animals demonstrated severe deterioration of renal function, renal morphology and a significant renal oxidative stress. Pretreatment of animals with CVD markedly attenuated renal dysfunction, morphological alterations, reduced elevated TBARS levels and restored the depleted renal antioxidant enzymes. The findings imply that ROS play a causal role in I/R-induced renal injury and CVD exerts renoprotective effects probably by the radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh - 160 014, India.
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49
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Di Lenarda A, Sabbadini G, Moretti M, Sinagra G. Long-term oral carvedilol in chronic heart failure. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005; 5:1359-72. [PMID: 15163280 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.5.6.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The long-term beta-blockade strategy with carvedilol, metoprolol succinate or bisoprolol is now strongly recommended to reduce the rates of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Although the benefits observed with such drugs are viewed as a class effect, theoretically, carvedilol might be superior to the other two agents, considering its unique pharmacological profile, which includes a more comprehensive antiadrenergic activity and potentially relevant ancillary properties. So far, carvedilol has been proven to be effective and safe in a broader range of CHF patients than metoprolol and bisoprolol. Moreover, a recent large clinical trial has shown a significantly greater survival benefit with carvedilol as directly compared with metoprolol tartrate. Therefore, carvedilol may be the preferred beta-blocking agent to treat patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Lenarda
- University of Trieste, Department of Cardiology, Ospedale di Cattinara, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
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50
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Radi A, Elmogy T. Differential pulse voltammetric determination of carvedilol in tablets dosage form using glassy carbon electrode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:43-6. [PMID: 15652368 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of antihypertensive drug carvedilol has been studied in pH range 2.0-11.0 at a glassy carbon electrode by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Two oxidation processes were produced in different supporting electrolyte media. Both oxidation processes were irreversible and diffusion-controlled. The first oxidation process was chosen for the analysis of carvedilol. A very resolved voltammetric peak was obtained in Britton-Robinson buffer at pH 8.0 using differential pulse mode. The linear response was obtained in the range of 0.25-10.00 microg ml(-1). The limit of detection was found to be 0.10 microg ml(-1). The developed method was used for the determination of carvedilol in tablet dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Radi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 34517 Dumyat, Egypt.
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