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Kim YJ, Hong H, Yun J, Kim SI, Jung HY, Ryu W. Photosynthetic Nanomaterial Hybrids for Bioelectricity and Renewable Energy Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005919. [PMID: 33236450 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting solar energy in the form of electricity from the photosynthesis of plants, algal cells, and bacteria has been researched as the most environment-friendly renewable energy technology in the last decade. The primary challenge has been the engineering of electrochemical interfacing with photosynthetic apparatuses, organelles, or whole cells. However, with the aid of low-dimensional nanomaterials, there have been many advances, including enhanced photon absorption, increased generation of photosynthetic electrons (PEs), and more efficient transfer of PEs to electrodes. These advances have demonstrated the possibility for the technology to advance to a new level. In this article, the fundamentals of photosynthesis are introduced. How PE harvesting systems have improved concerning solar energy absorption, PE production, and PE collection by electrodes is discussed. The review focuses on how different kinds of nanomaterials are applied and function in interfacing with photosynthetic materials for enhanced PE harvesting. Finally, the review analyzes how the performance of PE harvesting and stand-alone systems have evolved so far and its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jae Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyeonaug Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - JaeHyoung Yun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Seon Il Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ho Yun Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - WonHyoung Ryu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Weliwatte NS, Grattieri M, Minteer SD. Rational design of artificial redox-mediating systems toward upgrading photobioelectrocatalysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1333-1356. [PMID: 34550560 PMCID: PMC8455808 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photobioelectrocatalysis has recently attracted particular research interest owing to the possibility to achieve sunlight-driven biosynthesis, biosensing, power generation, and other niche applications. However, physiological incompatibilities between biohybrid components lead to poor electrical contact at the biotic-biotic and biotic-abiotic interfaces. Establishing an electrochemical communication between these different interfaces, particularly the biocatalyst-electrode interface, is critical for the performance of the photobioelectrocatalytic system. While different artificial redox mediating approaches spanning across interdisciplinary research fields have been developed in order to electrically wire biohybrid components during bioelectrocatalysis, a systematic understanding on physicochemical modulation of artificial redox mediators is further required. Herein, we review and discuss the use of diffusible redox mediators and redox polymer-based approaches in artificial redox-mediating systems, with a focus on photobioelectrocatalysis. The future possibilities of artificial redox mediator system designs are also discussed within the purview of present needs and existing research breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Samali Weliwatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università Degli Studi Di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
- IPCF-CNR Istituto Per I Processi Chimico Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Mukomoto R, Nashimoto Y, Terai T, Imaizumi T, Hiramoto K, Ino K, Yokokawa R, Miura T, Shiku H. Oxygen consumption rate of tumour spheroids during necrotic-like core formation. Analyst 2021; 145:6342-6348. [PMID: 32716439 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00979b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the major hallmarks of solid tumours and is associated with the poor prognosis of various cancers. A multicellular aggregate, termed a spheroid, has been used as a tumour model with a necrotic-like core for more than 45 years. Oxygen metabolism in spheroids has been studied using phosphorescence quenching and oxygen-sensitive electrodes. However, these conventional methods require chemical labelling and physical insertion of the electrode into each spheroid, which may be functionally and structurally disruptive. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) can non-invasively analyse oxygen metabolism. Here, we used SECM to investigate whether the changes of the internal structure of spheroids affect the oxygen metabolism. We investigated the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of MCF-7 breast tumour spheroids with and without a necrotic-like core. A numerical simulation was used to describe a method for estimating the OCR of spheroids that settled at the bottom of the conventional culture plates. The OCR per spheroid volume decreased with increasing spheroid radius, indicating the limitation of the oxygen supply to the core of the MCF-7 spheroid. Formation of the necrotic-like core did not affect the oxygen metabolism significantly, implying that the core had minimal contribution to the OCR even before necrosis occurred. OCR analysis using SECM non-invasively monitors the change of oxygen metabolism in tumour spheroids. The approach is promising to evaluate various three-dimensional culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Mukomoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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Longatte G, Rappaport F, Wollman FA, Guille-Collignon M, Lemaître F. Electrochemical Harvesting of Photosynthetic Electrons from Unicellular Algae Population at the Preparative Scale by Using 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Oh JM, Chow KF. Naked-Eye Coulometric Sensor Using a Longitudinally Oriented Ag Band Electrode in a Microfluidic Channel. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4849-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Oh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University
Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Kwok-Fan Chow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University
Ave., Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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Prasad A, Kumar A, Suzuki M, Kikuchi H, Sugai T, Kobayashi M, Pospíšil P, Tada M, Kasai S. Detection of hydrogen peroxide in Photosystem II (PSII) using catalytic amperometric biosensor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:862. [PMID: 26528319 PMCID: PMC4606053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is known to be generated in Photosystem II (PSII) via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways. Detection of H2O2 by different spectroscopic techniques has been explored, however its sensitive detection has always been a challenge in photosynthetic research. During the recent past, fluorescence probes such as Amplex Red (AR) has been used but is known to either lack specificity or limitation with respect to the minimum detection limit of H2O2. We have employed an electrochemical biosensor for real time monitoring of H2O2 generation at the level of sub-cellular organelles. The electrochemical biosensor comprises of counter electrode and working electrodes. The counter electrode is a platinum plate, while the working electrode is a mediator based catalytic amperometric biosensor device developed by the coating of a carbon electrode with osmium-horseradish peroxidase which acts as H2O2 detection sensor. In the current study, generation and kinetic behavior of H2O2 in PSII membranes have been studied under light illumination. Electrochemical detection of H2O2 using the catalytic amperometric biosensor device is claimed to serve as a promising technique for detection of H2O2 in photosynthetic cells and subcellular structures including PSII or thylakoid membranes. It can also provide a precise information on qualitative determination of H2O2 and thus can be widely used in photosynthetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Prasad
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Graduate Department of Environmental Information Engineering, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Graduate Department of Environmental Information Engineering, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sugai
- Graduate Department of Environmental Information Engineering, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
- Graduate Department of Electronics, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mika Tada
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
- Center for General Education, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kasai
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
- Graduate Department of Environmental Information Engineering, Tohoku Institute of TechnologySendai, Japan
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Longatte G, Fu HY, Buriez O, Labbé E, Wollman FA, Amatore C, Rappaport F, Guille-Collignon M, Lemaître F. Evaluation of photosynthetic electrons derivation by exogenous redox mediators. Biophys Chem 2015; 205:1-8. [PMID: 26051794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is the complex process that occurs in plants or algae by which the energy from the sun is converted into an electrochemical potential that drives the assimilation of carbon dioxide and the synthesis of carbohydrates. Quinones belong to a family of species commonly found in key processes of the Living, like photosynthesis or respiration, in which they act as electron transporters. This makes this class of molecules a popular candidate for biofuel cell and bioenergy applications insofar as they can be used as cargo to ship electrons to an electrode immersed in the cellular suspension. Nevertheless, such electron carriers are mostly selected empirically. This is why we report on a method involving fluorescence measurements to estimate the ability of seven different quinones to accept photosynthetic electrons downstream of photosystem II, the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis. To this aim we use a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, impaired in electron downstream of photosystem II and assess the ability of quinones to restore electron flow by fluorescence. In this work, we defined and extracted a "derivation parameter" D that indicates the derivation efficiency of the exogenous quinones investigated. D then allows electing 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone, 2,5-dichlorobenzoquinone and p-phenylbenzoquinone as good candidates. More particularly, our investigations suggested that other key parameters like the partition of quinones between different cellular compartments and their propensity to saturate these various compartments should also be taken into account in the process of selecting exogenous quinones for the purpose of deriving photoelectrons from intact algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Longatte
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Han-Yi Fu
- Laboratoire de physiologie membranaire et moléculaire du chloroplaste, CNRS, UPMC UMR 7141, I.B.P.C., 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric Labbé
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Laboratoire de physiologie membranaire et moléculaire du chloroplaste, CNRS, UPMC UMR 7141, I.B.P.C., 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christian Amatore
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- Laboratoire de physiologie membranaire et moléculaire du chloroplaste, CNRS, UPMC UMR 7141, I.B.P.C., 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Manon Guille-Collignon
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités-UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
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Song YS, Bai SJ. Characterization of a single cell of Chlorella in a microfluidic channel using amperometric electrode arrays. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2185-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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The peak effect of the photocurrent on the concentration of electron mediator (para-benzoquinone) in thylakoids. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McKelvey K, Martin S, Robinson C, Unwin PR. Quantitative local photosynthetic flux measurements at isolated chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7878-88. [PMID: 23751155 DOI: 10.1021/jp403048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) offers a fast and quantitative method to measure local fluxes within photosynthesis. In particular, we have measured the flux of oxygen and ferrocyanide (Fe(CN)6(4-)), from the artificial electron acceptor ferricyanide (Fe(CN)6(3-)), using a stationary ultramicroelectrode at chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes (sourced from chloroplasts). Oxygen generation at films of chloroplasts and thylakoid membranes was detected directly during photosynthesis, but in the case of thylakoid membranes, this switched to sustained oxygen consumption at longer illumination times. An initial oxygen concentration spike was detected over both chloroplast and thylakoid membrane films, and the kinetics of the oxygen generation were extracted by fitting the experimental data to a finite element method (FEM) simulation. In contrast to previous work, the oxygen generation spike was attributed to the limited size of the plastoquinone pool, a key component in the linear electron transport pathway and a contributing factor in photoinhibition. Finally, the mobile nature of the SECM probe, and its high spatial resolution, also allowed us to detect ferrocyanide produced from a single thylakoid membrane. These results further demonstrate the power of SECM for localized flux measurements in biological processes, in this case photosynthesis, and that the high time resolution, combined with FEM simulations, allows the elucidation of quantitative kinetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim McKelvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL
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Matsue T. Development of Biosensing Devices and Systems Using Micro/Nanoelectrodes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Matsue
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University
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KOIDE M, YASUKAWA T, HORIGUCHI Y, NAGAMINE K, SHIKU H, MATSUE T, ITAYAMA T. Microfluidic Devices for Electrochemical Measurement of Photosynthetic Activity of Cyanobacteria Microcystis Cells. ANAL SCI 2012; 28:69. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.28.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro KOIDE
- National Institute for Environmental Studies
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | | | | | | | - Hitoshi SHIKU
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
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HIRANO Y, YASUKAWA T, MASE Y, OYAMATSU D, SHIKU H, MIZUTANI F, MATSUE T. Improvement of Detectable Sensitivity for Enzyme Reaction by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with Distance Control System for Immunosensing. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.80.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nagamine K, Takahashi Y, Ino K, Shiku H, Matsue T. Influence of Tip Size on Single Yeast Cell Imaging Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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HIRANO Y, YASUKAWA T, SAWAYASHIKI Y, SHIKU H, MIZUTANI F, MATSUE T. Preparation of Immunosensors Using a Microfluidic Device with an Interdigitated Array Electrode Modified with Antibodies. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.78.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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A novel predictive method for assessing the quality of isolated pancreatic islets using scanning electrochemical microscopy. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:311-3. [PMID: 19249542 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current methods for evaluating islet potency are not useful in clinical transplantation. Therefore, we need reliable, rapid methods enabling accurate prediction of islet quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated respiratory activity using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), glucose-stimulated respiratory activity, glucose-stimulated insulin release, ADP/ATP assays, insulin/DNA levels, and Trypan blue exclusion tests as predictive methods for the ability of isolated rat islets to cure syngeneic diabetic rats. RESULTS Although glucose-stimulated respiratory activity, basal respiratory activity, ADP/ATP ratio, and glucose-stimulated insulin release were significantly correlated with the outcome of transplantation into diabetic rats, there was no correlation between outcomes, insulin/DNA ratios, and Trypan blue exclusion tests. The glucose-stimulated respiratory activity in islet preparations that could cure diabetic rats was significantly greater than those unable to cure diabetes. Rat islets with >1.5-fold glucose-stimulated respiratory activity consistently cured diabetic rats, whereas those with a value <1.5 hardly cured any rats. CONCLUSION Measurement of the glucose-stimulated respiratory activity using SECM technique is a novel method that may be useful as a rapid, potent predictor of the outcome of clinical islet transplantation.
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Hirano Y, Nishimiya Y, Kowata K, Mizutani F, Tsuda S, Komatsu Y. Construction of Time-Lapse Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with Temperature Control and Its Application To Evaluate the Preservation Effects of Antifreeze Proteins on Living Cells. Anal Chem 2008; 80:9349-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8018334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hirano
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nishimiya
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kowata
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumio Mizutani
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tsuda
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Komatsu
- Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo, Japan
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Idowu M, Ogunsipe A, Nyokong T. Excited state dynamics of zinc and aluminum phthalocyanine carboxylates. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 68:995-9. [PMID: 17324619 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical parameters for zinc and aluminium tetracarboxylphthalocyanines (ZnTCPc and AlTCPc, respectively) and their octacarboxy substituted counterparts (ZnOCPc and AlOCPc) were studied. Data for the fluorescence quenching of the complexes by benzoquinone (BQ) were treated using the Stern-Volmer analysis, and the quenching was found to follow a diffusion-controlled (dynamic) bimolecular mechanism. Theoretical values of bimolecular rate constant for complex-BQ interactions were determined using the Stokes-Einstein-Smoluchowski model; and the values, together with the Stern-Volmer quenching constants were used in calculating the fluorescence lifetimes of the complexes. The thermodynamics of the MPc-BQ interaction, in terms of solvent reorientation energy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mopelola Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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Yasukawa T, Hirano Y, Motochi N, Shiku H, Matsue T. Enzyme immunosensing of pepsinogens 1 and 2 by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:3099-104. [PMID: 17321125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was applied to a dual enzyme immunoassay for the detection of pepsinogen 1 (PG1) and pepsinogen 2 (PG2). Sandwich-type immunocomplexes labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were constructed on microspots consisting of anti-PG1 IgG antibody and anti-PG2 IgG antibody. These microspots were fabricated on a hydrophobic glass substrate using a capillary microspotting technique. In the presence of H(2)O(2) and ferrocenemethanol (FcOH; used as an electron mediator), the labeled HRP catalyzed the oxidation of FcOH by H(2)O(2) to generate the oxidized form of FcOH (Fc(+)OH) at localized areas corresponding to microspots containing both immunocomplexes. The enzymatically generated Fc(+)OH was reduced and detected with a SECM probe (0.05 V versus Ag/AgCl), and the substrate surface was mapped to generate SECM images of the PG1 and PG2 spots. Relationships between the reduction current in the SECM images and the concentrations of PG1 and PG2 were obtained in the range 1.6-60.3 ng/ml protein. Dual imaging of PG1 and PG2 was achieved using microspots containing PG1 and PG2 immunocomplexes separated by a 200 microm physical barrier on the substrate. Pyramidal hole arrays with 100 microm x 100 microm openings on the silicon wafer were utilized to fabricate spots using antibodies on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membranes. Current responses obtained from microspots fabricated with pyramidal holes are significantly sharper compared to the responses obtained from spots fabricated using the capillary method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yasukawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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Gao N, Zhao M, Zhang X, Jin W. Measurement of enzyme activity in single cells by voltammetry using a microcell with a positionable dual electrode. Anal Chem 2007; 78:231-8. [PMID: 16383332 DOI: 10.1021/ac051178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical single-cell analysis for enzyme activity was developed using microcells on a microcell array coupled with a positionable dual microelectrode. The microcell array with the nanoliter-scale microcells was constructed using simple chemical etching without photolithographic techniques. The positionable dual microelectrodes consisted of the nanometer-to-micrometer-radius Au disk working electrode and a approximately 80-microm-radius Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Peroxidase was chosen as the model enzyme. Factors that concern electrochemical single-cell analysis in microcells such as solution evaporation, interference of soluble oxygen, electrode size, solution volume, and electrode fouling were investigated and discussed. The 20 or 100 nL of detection volume was found to be suitable for peroxidase determination in single neutrophils or single acute promyelocytic leukemia cells without interference from intracellular macromolecules and electrode fouling, when the dual electrode with a 10-microm-radius Au disk working electrode was used. Cells were perforated with digitonin before transferring them into the microcells, to lyse cells easily. The perforated cells were transferred into the microcells by pushing a microscope slide on a drop of the cell suspension on the microcell array. After a single cell in the microcell was lysed using a freeze-thawing technique and allowed to dry, physiological buffer saline containing 2.0 x 10(-3) mol/L hydroquinone and 2.0 x 10(-3) mol/L H2O2 as the substrates of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was added. The microcell array was positioned in a constant-humidity chamber to prevent evaporation. Then the dual electrode was inserted into the microcell by means of a scanning electrochemical microscope and the product benzoquinone of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction was voltammetrically detected. Peroxidase activity could be quantified using the steady-state current on the voltammogram after subtracting the blank and using the calibration curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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O'Riordan TC, Fitzgerald K, Ponomarev GV, Mackrill J, Hynes J, Taylor C, Papkovsky DB. Sensing intracellular oxygen using near-infrared phosphorescent probes and live-cell fluorescence imaging. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R1613-20. [PMID: 17170232 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00707.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development and application of a methodology for measurement of oxygen within single mammalian cells are presented, which employ novel macromolecular near infrared (NIR) oxygen probes based on new metalloporphyrin dyes. The probes, which display optimal spectral characteristics and sensitivity to oxygen, excellent photostability, and low cytotoxicity and phototoxicity, are loaded into cells by simple transfection procedures and subsequently analyzed by high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. The methodology is demonstrated by sensing intracellular oxygen in different mammalian cell lines, including A549, Jurkat, and HeLa, and monitoring rapid and transient changes in response to mitochondrial uncoupling by valinomycin and inhibition by antimycin A. Furthermore, the effect of ryanodine receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx on cellular oxygen uptake is shown by substantial changes in the level of intracellular oxygen. The results demonstrate the ability of this technique to measure small, rapid, and transient changes in intracellular oxygen in response to different biological effectors. Moreover, this technique has wide ranging applicability in cell biology and is particularly useful in the study of low oxygen environments (cellular hypoxia), mitochondrial and cellular (dys)function, and for therapeutic areas, such as cardiovascular and neurological research, metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás C O'Riordan
- Luxcel Biosciences, BioInnovation Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Torisawa YS, Nashimoto Y, Yasukawa T, Shiku H, Matsue T. Regulation and characterization of the polarity of cells embedded in a reconstructed basement matrix using a three-dimensional micro-culture system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 97:615-21. [PMID: 17115450 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three cell lines, that is, the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the human mammary epithelial cell line (S-1) and its malignant form (T4-2) were embedded in a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) that had 20-nL pyramid-shaped silicon microstructures. The proliferative behavior of the MCF-7 cells was dependent on the surrounding conditions (2-D, collagen gel, or Matrigel), whereas the respiratory activity of a single cell (F(c)) was almost identical under different culture conditions. The F(c) value changed with cellular polarity. The F(c) value for the S-1 cells was observed to decrease slightly, whereas that of the T4-2 cells increased 2 days after cultivation in the microstructures within the Matrigel. However, when the T4-2 cells were cultured in the presence of tyrphostin AG 1478 (T4-2 tyr) to inhibit epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, the F(c) value decreased slightly and remained almost constant for an additional 1 week; this was similar to the behavior of the S-1 cells. Further, fluorescence images showed that the T4-2 tyr cells formed polar structures that were similar to those formed by the S-1 cells whereas the T4-2 cells did not form such structures. These results indicate that cellular polarity can be assessed by measuring cellular respiratory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Suke Torisawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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25
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Gao N, Wang X, Li L, Zhang X, Jin W. Scanning electrochemical microscopy coupled with intracellular standard addition method for quantification of enzyme activity in single intact cells. Analyst 2007; 132:1139-46. [DOI: 10.1039/b707532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Dudekula S, Fragata M. Investigation of the electron transfer site of p-benzoquinone in isolated photosystem II particles and thylakoid membranes using α- and β-cyclodextrins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 85:177-83. [PMID: 16934484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 07/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The electron transfer sites of p-benzoquinone (pBQ) and 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone (DCBQ) were investigated in thylakoid membranes and isolated photosystem II (PSII) particles from barley (Hordeum vulgare) using alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins (CD) at concentrations up to 16 mM. In CD-treated thylakoid membranes incubated with DCBQ the electron transport through PSII, estimated as oxygen evolution (OE), is largely enhanced according to a S-shaped (sigmoidal) dose-response curve displaying a sharp inflection point, or transition. The maxima percent OE enhancement at cyclodextrin concentrations above 14 mM are about 100% (alpha-CD) and 190% (beta-CD). On the contrary, in thylakoid membrane preparations incubated with pBQ as electron acceptor one observes an OE inhibition of about 30% which might result from the depletion of the thylakoid membrane of its plastoquinone content. It was also found that in isolated PSII particles incubated with either pBQ or DCBQ the cyclodextrins induce only a small OE enhancement. Moreover, the observation in CD-treated thylakoid membranes incubated with pBQ of a residual, non-inhibited oxygen-evolving activity of about 70% puts a twofold question. That is, either the plastoquinone depletion was not complete, or, pBQ binds to electron acceptor sites of different nature. From this and data published in the literature, it is concluded that in the thylakoid membrane (i) DCBQ binds to Q(B), as is generally accepted, and (ii) pBQ binds to the plastoquinol molecules in the PQ pool and most likely also to Q(B), thereby in accord with Satoh et al.'s model [K. Satoh, M. Ohhashi, Y. Kashino, H. Koike, Plant Cell Physiol. 36 (1995) 597-605]. An attractive alternative hypothesis is the direct interaction of pBQ with the non-haem Fe(2+) between Q(A) and Q(B).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dudekula
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad 500007, Andhrapradesh, India
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27
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Edwards MA, Martin S, Whitworth AL, Macpherson JV, Unwin PR. Scanning electrochemical microscopy: principles and applications to biophysical systems. Physiol Meas 2006; 27:R63-108. [PMID: 17135697 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/27/12/r01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights numerous and wide ranging biophysical and biochemical applications of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). SECM instrumentation and theoretical modelling, necessary for experimental interpretation, are outlined, followed by a detailed discussion of the diverse applications of this technique. These include the measurement of flow through membranes, the determination of kinetic parameters of reactions, the investigation of the permeability of small molecules in tissues and monitoring biological processes, such as the production of oxygen or nitric oxide by cells. The significant impact of micro-electrochemical techniques on our understanding of basic physicochemical processes at biologically relevant interfaces is also considered. Studies reviewed include transport across and within bilayers and monolayers. Recent advances in SECM include the combination of SECM with other techniques, such as atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy. These developments are highlighted, along with prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Saito T, Wu CC, Shiku H, Yasukawa T, Yokoo M, Ito-Sasaki T, Abe H, Hoshi H, Matsue T. Oxygen consumption of cell suspension in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannel estimated by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Analyst 2006; 131:1006-11. [PMID: 17047800 DOI: 10.1039/b600080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analysis of the oxygen concentration profile near a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic device was performed using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). A microchannel filled with sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)) aqueous solution was imaged by SECM, showing that the oxygen diffusion layer of the PDMS microchannel was observed to be hemicylindrical. Based on a theoretical analysis of the hemicylindrical diffusion layer of the microchannel, the total oxygen mass transfer rates of oxygen to the PDMS microchannel filled with the Na(2)SO(3) solution was calculated to be (4.01 +/- 0.30) x 10(-12) mol s(-1). This is the maximum value of the oxygen transfer rate for this PDMS microchannel device. The oxygen consumption rate increased almost linearly with the logarithm of the concentration of E. coli cells (10(6) approximately 10(8) cells). The respiratory activity for a single E. coli cell was estimated to be approximately 4.31 x 10(-20) mol s(-1) cell(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saito
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-604 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Abstract
A novel amperometric biosensor for performing simultaneous electrochemical multianalyte immunoassays is described. The sensor consisted of eight iridium oxide sensing electrodes (0.78 mm(2) each), an iridium counter electrode, and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode patterned on a glass substrate. Four different capture antibodies were immobilized on the sensing electrodes via adsorption. Quantification of proteins was achieved using an ELISA in which the electrochemical oxidation of enzyme-generated hydroquinone was measured. The spatial separation of the electrodes enabled simultaneous electrochemical immunoassays for multiple proteins to be conducted in a single assay without amperometric cross-talk between the electrodes. The simultaneous detection of goat IgG, mouse IgG, human IgG, and chicken IgY was demonstrated. The detection limit was 3 ng/mL for all analytes. The sensor had excellent precision (1.9-8.2% interassay CV) and was comparable in performance to commercial single-analyte ELISAs. We anticipate that chip-based sensors, as described herein, will be suitable for the mass production of economical, miniaturized, multianalyte assay devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Wilson
- EIC Laboratories, Inc., 111 Downey Street, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062, USA.
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YASUKAWA T, HIRANO Y, OGASAWARA D, MOTOCHI N, SHIKU H, KAWABATA S, MATSUE T. Enzyme Immunosensing for C-Reactive Protein with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2006. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.55.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu HIRANO
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | | | - Naomi MOTOCHI
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku Unibersity
| | - Hitoshi SHIKU
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku Unibersity
| | - Shohei KAWABATA
- I. T. Research Co., Ltd., The 21st Cenntury Plaza Research Center
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31
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Aoyagi S, Utsumi Y, Matsudaira M, Yamada H, Kacchi M, Shiku H, Abe H, Hoshi H, Matsue T. Quality Evaluation of in vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos by Respiration Measurment and Development of Semi-Automatic Instrument. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2006. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.55.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Aoyagi
- Hokuto Denko
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | | | | | | | | | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Tohoku University Biomedical Engineering Research Organization
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32
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Ogunsipe A, Nyokong T. Photophysical and photochemical studies of sulphonated non-transition metal phthalocyanines in aqueous and non-aqueous media. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Brehm-Stecher BF, Johnson EA. Single-cell microbiology: tools, technologies, and applications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2004; 68:538-59, table of contents. [PMID: 15353569 PMCID: PMC515252 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.68.3.538-559.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of microbiology has traditionally been concerned with and focused on studies at the population level. Information on how cells respond to their environment, interact with each other, or undergo complex processes such as cellular differentiation or gene expression has been obtained mostly by inference from population-level data. Individual microorganisms, even those in supposedly "clonal" populations, may differ widely from each other in terms of their genetic composition, physiology, biochemistry, or behavior. This genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity has important practical consequences for a number of human interests, including antibiotic or biocide resistance, the productivity and stability of industrial fermentations, the efficacy of food preservatives, and the potential of pathogens to cause disease. New appreciation of the importance of cellular heterogeneity, coupled with recent advances in technology, has driven the development of new tools and techniques for the study of individual microbial cells. Because observations made at the single-cell level are not subject to the "averaging" effects characteristic of bulk-phase, population-level methods, they offer the unique capacity to observe discrete microbiological phenomena unavailable using traditional approaches. As a result, scientists have been able to characterize microorganisms, their activities, and their interactions at unprecedented levels of detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron F Brehm-Stecher
- Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Food Research Institute, 1925 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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34
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Shiku H, Shiraishi T, Aoyagi S, Utsumi Y, Matsudaira M, Abe H, Hoshi H, Kasai S, Ohya H, Matsue T. Respiration activity of single bovine embryos entrapped in a cone-shaped microwell monitored by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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36
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TORISAWA YS, SHIKU H, YASUKAWA T, MATSUE T. Bioassay using living cells integrated on a chip. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2004. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitoshi SHIKU
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
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37
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Zhou H, Kasai S, Noda H, Ohya-Nishiguchi H, Shiku H, Matsue T. Characterization of the Peroxidase Activity of Single Algae Protoplasts by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Yasukawa T, Glidle A, Cooper JM, Matsue T. Electroanalysis of metabolic flux from single cells in simple picoliter-volume microsystems. Anal Chem 2002; 74:5001-8. [PMID: 12380823 DOI: 10.1021/ac025836u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A picoliter-volume electrochemical analytical chamber has been developed for detecting the metabolic flux resulting from the stress responses of a single plant cell. Electrochemical cells, with volumes as small as 100 pL, were fabricated by controlled electrochemical dissolution of a gold wire sealed in glass (the back-etching of the metal realizing an ultralow-volume titer chamber). In the first instance, the electrode contained within the chamber was characterized by the microinjection of standard aliquots of either ascorbic acid or hydrogen peroxide. In all cases, experimental currents obtained correlated well with theoretical calculations. Subsequently, single plant cells were micromanipulated into the chambers and were exposed to amounts of the detergent SDS (which permeabilized the cell membrane and released the intracellular contents). The flux of metabolite released from a single cell was estimated by using electrochemical-linked assays based upon the enzymes catalase, ascorbate oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase (in each case), in the presence of a mediator. In so doing, we investigated the activity of the cellular protection mechanisms through the determination of peroxides, while the individual cell was "stressed". The technique was found to provide a reliable and reproducible method for making single-cell measurements, using fabrication procedures that are both simple and do not require photolithographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yasukawa
- Bioelectronics Research Centre, Department of Electronics & Electncal Engineering, University of Glasgow, UK.
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39
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Cai C, Liu B, Mirkin MV, Frank HA, Rusling JF. Scanning electrochemical microscopy of living cells. 3. Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Anal Chem 2002; 74:114-9. [PMID: 11795778 DOI: 10.1021/ac010945e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) was used to probe the redox activity of individual purple bacteria (Rhodobacter sphaeroides). The approaches developed in our previous studies of mammalian cells were expanded to measure the rates and investigate the pathway of transmembrane charge transfer in bacteria. The two groups of redox mediators (i.e., hydrophilic and hydrophobic redox species) were used to shuttle the electrons between the SECM tip electrode in solution and the redox centers inside the cell. The analysis of the dependencies of the measured rate constant on formal potential and concentration of mediator species in solution yielded information about the permeability of the outer cell membrane to different ionic species and intracellular redox properties. The maps of redox reactivity of the cell surface were obtained with a micrometer or submicrometer spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
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40
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41
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Hayashi K, Horiuchi T, Kurita R, Torimitsu K, Niwa O. Real-time electrochemical imaging using an individually addressable multi-channel electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 15:523-9. [PMID: 11419649 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed a real-time electrochemical imaging method that uses a multiple enzyme-modified microelectrode. The method will enable the investigation of the functions of biological materials and cells. To test its effectiveness, we imaged the two-dimensional concentration distribution for hydrogen peroxide and L-glutamate in a standard solution. The multiple electrode consists of an 8 x 8 array of 30 x 30 microm2 carbon micro electrode. Each electrode was connected to a 64-channel potentiostat that could apply a potential to all electrodes at the same time. The multiple electrode was coated with an Os-polyvinylpyridine based polymer (Os-gel) containing horse radish peroxidase (HRP) to detect hydrogen peroxide, which is a very common product of oxidase enzyme. When measuring glutamate, which is a well-known neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nerve system, we modified the electrode with a bilayer of Os-gel-HRP and GluOx. The detection limit of our method was 1 microM and images of the glutamate concentration-distribution changes induced by local injection of glutamate through microcapillary were obtained in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- NTT Lifestyle and Environmental Technology Laboratories, Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan.
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42
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Shiku H, Shiraishi T, Ohya H, Matsue T, Abe H, Hoshi H, Kobayashi M. Oxygen consumption of single bovine embryos probed by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Anal Chem 2001; 73:3751-8. [PMID: 11510844 DOI: 10.1021/ac010339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen consumption of individual bovine embryos was noninvasively quantified by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). A probe microelectrode was used to scan near a single embryo surface in a culture medium to monitor the oxygen reduction current at 37 degrees C, under a water-saturated atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. The oxygen concentration profiles near the embryos were in good agreement with the theoretical spherical diffusion. When an embryo reached the stage of a morula with a 74-microm radius on day 6 after in vitro fertilization, the oxygen concentration difference (deltaC) between the bulk solution and the morula surface was 6.90 +/- 1.35 microM. The oxygen consumption rate (F) of the single morula was estimated to be (1.40 +/- 0.27) x 10(-14) mol s(-1). After the SECM measurement, the embryo was continuously cultured for another 2 days and grew to the stage of a blastocyst with a 100-microm radius. For the blastocyst, the deltaC values for the inner cell mass side and the trophoblast side were 16.40 +/- 1.83 and 9.14 +/- 1.68 microM, respectively. The oxygen consumption rate of the blastocyst was found to be in the range of (2.50 +/- 0.46) x 10(-14) mol s(-1) < F < (4.49 +/- 0.50) x 10(-14) mol s(-1). We have carried out SECM measurements for 19 embryos, and the results were compared in detail with these from an optical microscopic observation. The deltaC values for the morulae on day 6 after in vitro fertilization were strongly related to the morphological embryo quality. The morulae showing a larger deltaC value developed into blastocysts of a larger size, and the deltaC value after the subsequent 2 days of cultivation was found to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shiku
- Regional Joint Research Project of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Japan
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43
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Hengstenberg A, Blöchl A, Dietzel ID, Schuhmann W. Ortsaufgelöste Detektion der Sekretion von Neurotransmittern aus einzelnen Zellen durch elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010302)113:5<942::aid-ange942>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Hengstenberg A, Blöchl A, Dietzel ID, Schuhmann W. Spatially Resolved Detection of Neurotransmitter Secretion from Individual Cells by Means of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010302)40:5<905::aid-anie905>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hengstenberg
- Analytische Chemie—Elektroanalytik & Sensorik Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum (Germany) Fax: (+49) 234‐321‐4683
| | - Andrea Blöchl
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Neurobiochemie Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Irmgard D. Dietzel
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Neurobiochemie Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytische Chemie—Elektroanalytik & Sensorik Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum (Germany) Fax: (+49) 234‐321‐4683
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45
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Stefan IC, Tolmachev YV, Scherson DA. Phase-sensitive detection in potential-modulated in situ absorption and probe beam deflection techniques: theoretical considerations. Anal Chem 2001; 73:527-32. [PMID: 11217757 DOI: 10.1021/ac000675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical framework is presented for the quantitative analysis of in situ potential modulation spectroelectrochemical techniques based on phase-sensitive detection for the study of solution-phase redox systems under strict diffusion control. In the case of arrangements in which the probing beam is parallel to the electrode surface, the phase of the optical signal with respect to the applied potential, assuming negligible double-layer charging currents, was found to be proportional to y(omega/2D)(1/2), where y is the distance normal to the electrode, omega is the frequency of the perturbating signal, and D is the diffusion coefficient of the species responsible for absorption or refraction. Good agreement was found between theoretical predictions and the few available experimental results for both absorption and probe beam deflection-type experiments. In particular, in the case of solutions containing the chromophore trianisylamine and nonabsorbing p-benzoquinone, the phase angle difference between absorption and diffraction calculated from theory and measured experimentally yielded a common value of approximately 30 degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7078, USA
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SHIKU H, SHIRAISHI T, OHYA H, MATSUE T, ABE H, HOSHI H, KOBAYASHI M. Monitoring Activity of Living Cells Entrapped in a Membrane-Sealed Microcapillary with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.68.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi SHIKU
- Regional Joint Research Project of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Science and Technology Corporation
| | - Takuo SHIRAISHI
- Regional Joint Research Project of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Science and Technology Corporation
| | - Hiroaki OHYA
- Regional Joint Research Project of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Science and Technology Corporation
- Institute for Life Support Technology
| | - Tomokazu MATSUE
- Regional Joint Research Project of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Science and Technology Corporation
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroyuki ABE
- Regional Joint Research Project of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Science and Technology Corporation
- Research Institute for the Functional Peptides
| | - Hiroyoshi HOSHI
- Regional Joint Research Project of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Science and Technology Corporation
- Research Institute for the Functional Peptides
| | - Masato KOBAYASHI
- Regional Joint Research Project of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan Science and Technology Corporation
- Yamagata Agricultural Research and Training Center
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