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Luciano A, Picariello L, Forino M, Moio L, Gambuti A. Anthocyanins and nucleation seeds are key factors affecting quercetin precipitation in red wines. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5163-5175. [PMID: 38308579 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate changes have been leading to an excessive synthesis of quercetin (Q) and its glycosides (Q-Gs) in specific red grape varieties, such as Sangiovese. This has resulted in concentrations overcoming the solubility threshold of Q in wines, with the consequent formation of undesirable precipitates. This study aims at assessing the impact of various factors, including anthocyanins, temperature, nucleation seeds and time, on the precipitation of Q in red wine. RESULTS The influence of anthocyanins on Q solubility was examined by adding a grape skin extract rich in anthocyanins to a model solution containing 89 μmol L-1 of Q. The data revealed that the solubility of both Q and Q-Gs increased as a function of the anthocyanin concentration in the model solution. In a subsequent experiment, red wines were stored at two different temperatures (2 and 20 °C), supplemented with Q nucleation seeds, and monitored over a 10-day period. Notably, after only 3 days of contact with Q seeds at 2 °C, a reduction of over 75% in Q concentration was observed in the supernatant. Among the considered factors, contact with nucleation seeds emerged as the most significant one (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Q precipitation in red wines is influenced by the presence of anthocyanins in solution, although it is not the sole determinant. The data also suggested that a potential strategy for wineries to mitigate the risk of Q precipitation in bottled wine would be the acceleration of this process by promoting the formation of nucleation seeds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Luciano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Section of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigi Picariello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Section of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Avellino, Italy
| | - Martino Forino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Section of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigi Moio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Section of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Avellino, Italy
| | - Angelita Gambuti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Section of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Napoli 'Federico II', Avellino, Italy
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Atiq A, Parhar I. Anti-neoplastic Potential of Flavonoids and Polysaccharide Phytochemicals in Glioblastoma. Molecules 2020; 25:E4895. [PMID: 33113890 PMCID: PMC7660188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, gliomas are classified into four grades, with grade IV glioblastoma multiforme being the most malignant and deadly, which accounts for 50% of all gliomas. Characteristically, glioblastoma involves the aggressive proliferation of cells and invasion of normal brain tissue, outcomes as poor patient prognosis. With the current standard therapy of glioblastoma; surgical resection and radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide, it remains fatal, because of the development of drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, the need for the effective therapeutic option for glioblastoma remains elusive. Previous studies have demonstrated the chemopreventive role of naturally occurring pharmacological agents through preventing or reversing the initiation phase of carcinogenesis or arresting the cancer progression phase. In this review, we discuss the role of natural phytochemicals in the amelioration of glioblastoma, with the aim to improve therapeutic outcomes, and minimize the adverse side effects to improve patient's prognosis and enhancing their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Atiq
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Slimane M, Gaye I, Ghoul M, Chebil L. Mesoscale Modeling and Experimental Study of Quercetin Organization as Nanoparticles in the Poly-lactic-co-glycolic Acid/Water System under Different Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Slimane
- CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518, France
- Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518, France
| | - Ibrahima Gaye
- CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518, France
- Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518, France
| | - Mohamed Ghoul
- CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518, France
- Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518, France
| | - Latifa Chebil
- CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518, France
- Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518, France
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Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Sánchez-Carballido MA, Delmas Suárez C, Gómez-Mora JA, Bonneau N. Effects of flavonoids on tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:686-720. [PMID: 31758641 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is associated with tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. While clinical outcomes have recently improved for HPV-positive patients in general, 50% of patients suffering from tongue cancer die within 5 years of being diagnosed. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites with a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Flavonoids have generated high interest as therapeutic agents owing to their low toxicity and their effects on a large variety of cancer cell types. In this literature review, we evaluate the actions of flavonoids on SCC of the tongue demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gutiérrez-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
| | - Manuel Alejandro Sánchez-Carballido
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
| | - Claire Delmas Suárez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
| | - Juan Arturo Gómez-Mora
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
| | - Noémie Bonneau
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
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Ogo Y, Mori T, Nakabayashi R, Saito K, Takaiwa F. Transgenic rice seed expressing flavonoid biosynthetic genes accumulate glycosylated and/or acylated flavonoids in protein bodies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:95-106. [PMID: 26438413 PMCID: PMC4682426 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specialized (or secondary) metabolites represent an important source of high-value chemicals. In order to generate a new production platform for these metabolites, an attempt was made to produce flavonoids in rice seeds. Metabolome analysis of these transgenic rice seeds using liquid chromatography-photodiode array-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed. A total of 4392 peaks were detected in both transgenic and non-transgenic rice, 20-40% of which were only detected in transgenic rice. Among these, 82 flavonoids, including 37 flavonols, 11 isoflavones, and 34 flavones, were chemically assigned. Most of the flavonols and isoflavones were O-glycosylated, while many flavones were O-glycosylated and/or C-glycosylated. Several flavonoids were acylated with malonyl, feruloyl, acetyl, and coumaroyl groups. These glycosylated/acylated flavonoids are thought to have been biosynthesized by endogenous rice enzymes using newly synthesized flavonoids whose biosynthesis was catalysed by exogenous enzymes. The subcellular localization of the flavonoids differed depending on the class of aglycone and the glycosylation/acylation pattern. Therefore, flavonoids with the intended aglycones were efficiently produced in rice seeds via the exogenous enzymes introduced, while the flavonoids were variously glycosylated/acylated by endogenous enzymes. The results suggest that rice seeds are useful not only as a production platform for plant-specialized metabolites such as flavonoids but also as a tool for expanding the diversity of flavonoid structures, providing novel, physiologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogo
- Transgenic Crop Research and Development Centre, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Fumio Takaiwa
- Transgenic Crop Research and Development Centre, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Plaza M, Pozzo T, Liu J, Gulshan Ara KZ, Turner C, Nordberg Karlsson E. Substituent effects on in vitro antioxidizing properties, stability, and solubility in flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3321-33. [PMID: 24650232 DOI: 10.1021/jf405570u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants are widely used by humans, both as dietary supplements and as additives to different types of products. The desired properties of an antioxidant often include a balance between the antioxidizing capacity, stability, and solubility. This review focuses on flavonoids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants, and different common substituent groups on flavonoids and how these affect the properties of the molecules in vitro. Hydroxyl groups on flavonoids are both important for the antioxidizing capacity and key points for further modification resulting in O-methylation, -glycosylation, -sulfation, or -acylation. The effects of O-glycosylation and acylation are discussed as these types of substitutions have been most explored in vitro concerning antioxidizing properties as well as stability and solubility. Possibilities to control the properties by enzymatic acylation and glycosylation are also reviewed, showing that depending on the choice of enzyme and substrate, regioselective results can be obtained, introducing possibilities for more targeted production of antioxidants with predesigned properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merichel Plaza
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, and ‡Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
Food-derived flavonoid quercetin, widely distributed in onions, apples, and tea, is able to inhibit growth of various cancer cells indicating that this compound can be considered as a good candidate for anticancer therapy. Although the exact mechanism of this action is not thoroughly understood, behaving as antioxidant and/or prooxidant as well as modulating different intracellular signalling cascades may all play a certain role. Such inhibitory activity of quercetin has been shown to depend first of all on cell lines and cancer types; however, no comprehensive site-specific analysis of this effect has been published. In this review article, cytotoxicity constants of quercetin measured in various human malignant cell lines of different origin were compiled from literature and a clear cancer selective action was demonstrated. The most sensitive malignant sites for quercetin revealed to be cancers of blood, brain, lung, uterine, and salivary gland as well as melanoma whereas cytotoxic activity was higher in more aggressive cells compared to the slowly growing cells showing that the most harmful cells for the organism are probably targeted. More research is needed to overcome the issues of poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of quercetin as the major obstacles limiting its clinical use.
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Chen JLY, Sperry J, Ip NY, Brimble MA. Natural products targeting telomere maintenance. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Kim MK, Park KS, Lee C, Park HR, Choo H, Chong Y. Enhanced stability and intracellular accumulation of quercetin by protection of the chemically or metabolically susceptible hydroxyl groups with a pivaloxymethyl (POM) promoiety. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8597-607. [PMID: 21090565 DOI: 10.1021/jm101252m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase stability of quercetin, its metabolically and chemically susceptible hydroxyl groups 7-OH and 3-OH respectively were transiently blocked with a pivaloxymethyl (POM) promoiety to provide two novel quercetin conjugates [7-O-POM-Q, 3-O-POM-Q]. In the absence of stabilizer (ascorbic acid), the synthesized conjugates showed significantly increased stability in cell culture media [t(½) = 4 h, 52 h] compared with quercetin (t(½) < 30 min) and quercetin prodrug 1 (t(½) = 0.8 h). In addition, the quercetin conjugate 2 underwent efficient cellular uptake and intracellular levels of its hydrolysis product, quercetin, were maintained up to 12 h. Stability and intracellular accumulation of were demonstrated by its stabilizer-independent cytostatic effect and induction of apoptotic cell death. Even though was more stable than, it failed to penetrate cell membranes. However, the remarkable stability of warrants further investigation of quercetin conjugates with various promoieties at the 3-OH position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyoung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Peng Y, Deng Z, Wang C. Preparation and prodrug studies of quercetin pentabenzensulfonate. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2009; 128:1845-9. [PMID: 19043305 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pentabenzensulfonate (QPBS), a potential prodrug for quercetin, was designed and synthesized in high yield. It possesses better physical properties such as solubility, lipid/water partition coefficient, LogP, and hydrolysis kinetics than its original form. The LogP value (2.04) and the half-life of the hydrolysis value (3.85 h) show that oral bioavailability is improved evidently compared with that of quercetin. These results indicate that QPBS can be considered as a potential prodrug for quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Abstract
Flavonoids are plant pigments that are synthesised from phenylalanine, generally display marvelous colors known from flower petals, mostly emit brilliant fluorescence when they are excited by UV light, and are ubiquitous to green plant cells. The flavonoids are used by botanists for taxonomical classification. They regulate plant growth by inhibition of the exocytosis of the auxin indolyl acetic acid, as well as by induction of gene expression, and they influence other biological cells in numerous ways. Flavonoids inhibit or kill many bacterial strains, inhibit important viral enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase and protease, and destroy some pathogenic protozoans. Yet, their toxicity to animal cells is low. Flavonoids are major functional components of many herbal and insect preparations for medical use, e.g., propolis (bee's glue) and honey, which have been used since ancient times. The daily intake of flavonoids with normal food, especially fruit and vegetables, is 1-2 g. Modern authorised physicians are increasing their use of pure flavonoids to treat many important common diseases, due to their proven ability to inhibit specific enzymes, to simulate some hormones and neurotransmitters, and to scavenge free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent H Havsteen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098, Kiel, Germany.
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Morand C, Crespy V, Manach C, Besson C, Demigné C, Rémésy C. Plasma metabolites of quercetin and their antioxidant properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:R212-9. [PMID: 9688981 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.1.r212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most widely distributed flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. The present experiments were performed on rats adapted for 3 wk to a semipurified diet supplemented with 0.2% quercetin. The major part of the circulating metabolites of quercetin (91.5%) are glucurono-sulfo conjugates of isorhamnetin (3'-O-methyl quercetin; 89.1 +/- 2.1 microM) and of quercetin (14.7 +/- 1.7 microM); the minor part (8.5%) is constituted by glucuronides of quercetin and its methoxylated forms (9.6 +/- 2.3 microM). Conjugated dienes formation, resulting from Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of rat very low density lipoproteins + low density lipoproteins (LDL), was effectively inhibited in vitro by conjugated metabolites of quercetin. These metabolites appeared to be four times more potent than trolox in inhibiting LDL oxidation. Moreover, the plasma from rats adapted to a diet containing 0.2% quercetin exhibited a total antioxidant status markedly higher than that of control rats (+60%). This study shows that ubiquitous quercetin is conjugated in vivo, yielding metabolites that exhibit antioxidant properties. Thus the health benefits of flavonoids in foods can be due to the antioxidant properties of their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morand
- Laboratoire des Maladies Métaboliques et des Micronutriments, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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