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Lucas DI, Guillaume T, Heard DE, Lehman JH. Design and implementation of a new apparatus for astrochemistry: Kinetic measurements of the CH + OCS reaction and frequency comb spectroscopy in a cold uniform supersonic flow. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:094203. [PMID: 39230369 DOI: 10.1063/5.0220774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the development of a new astrochemical research tool, HILTRAC, the Highly Instrumented Low Temperature ReAction Chamber. The instrument is based on a pulsed form of the CRESU (Cinétique de Réaction en Écoulement Supersonique Uniforme, meaning reaction kinetics in a uniform supersonic flow) apparatus, with the aim of collecting kinetics and spectroscopic information on gas phase chemical reactions important in interstellar space or planetary atmospheres. We discuss the apparatus design and its flexibility, the implementation of pulsed laser photolysis followed by laser induced fluorescence, and the first implementation of direct infrared frequency comb spectroscopy (DFCS) coupled to the uniform supersonic flow. Achievable flow temperatures range from 32(3) to 111(9) K, characterizing a total of five Laval nozzles for use with N2 and Ar buffer gases by impact pressure measurements. These results were further validated using LIF and direct frequency comb spectroscopy measurements of the CH radical and OCS, respectively. Spectroscopic constants and linelists for OCS are reported for the 1001 band near 2890-2940 cm-1 for both OC32S and OC34S, measured using DFCS. Additional peaks in the spectrum are tentatively assigned to the OCS-Ar complex. The first reaction rate coefficients for the CH + OCS reaction measured between 32(3) and 58(5) K are reported. The reaction rate coefficient at 32(3) K was measured to be 3.9(4) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and the reaction was found to exhibit no observable temperature dependence over this low temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Lucas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Théo Guillaume
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dwayne E Heard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Julia H Lehman
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Suas-David N, Thawoos S, Suits AG. A uniform flow-cavity ring-down spectrometer (UF-CRDS): A new setup for spectroscopy and kinetics at low temperature. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244202. [PMID: 31893907 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The UF-CRDS (Uniform Flow-Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer) is a new setup coupling for the first time a pulsed uniform (Laval) flow with a continuous wave CRDS in the near infrared for spectroscopy and kinetics at low temperature. This high resolution and sensitive absorption spectrometer opens a new window into the phenomena occurring within UFs. The approach extends the detection range to new electronic and rovibrational transitions within Laval flows and offers the possibility to probe numerous species which have not been investigated yet. This new tool has been designed to probe radicals and reaction intermediates but also to follow the chemistry of hydrocarbon chains and PAHs which play a crucial role in the evolution of astrophysical environments. For kinetics measurements, the UF-CRDS combines the CRESU technique (French acronym meaning reaction kinetics in uniform supersonic flows) with the SKaR (Simultaneous Kinetics and Ring-Down) approach where, as indicated by its name, the entire reaction is monitored during each intensity decay within the high finesse cavity. The setup and the approach are demonstrated with the study of the reaction between CN (v = 1) and propene at low temperature. The recorded data are finally consistent with a previous study of the same reaction for CN (v = 0) relying on the CRESU technique with laser induced fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suas-David
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - S Thawoos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - A G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Chemie mit Überschall: 30 Jahre astrochemische Forschung und künftige Herausforderungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex Frankreich
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spanien
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer Frankreich
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Potapov A, Canosa A, Jiménez E, Rowe B. Uniform Supersonic Chemical Reactors: 30 Years of Astrochemical History and Future Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8618-8640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Potapov
- Laborastrophysikgruppe des Max-Planck-Instituts für Astronomie am Institut für Festkörperphysik; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Helmholtzweg 3 07743 Jena Germany
| | - André Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire; Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Avda. Camilo José Cela, 1B 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Bertrand Rowe
- Rowe-consulting, 22 Chemin des Moines; 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer France
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Jiménez E, Ballesteros B, Canosa A, Townsend TM, Maigler FJ, Napal V, Rowe BR, Albaladejo J. Development of a pulsed uniform supersonic gas expansion system based on an aerodynamic chopper for gas phase reaction kinetic studies at ultra-low temperatures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:045108. [PMID: 25933898 DOI: 10.1063/1.4918529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A detailed description of a new pulsed supersonic uniform gas expansion system is presented together with the experimental validation of the setup by applying the CRESU (French acronym for Cinétique de Réaction en Ecoulement Supersonique Uniforme or Reaction Kinetics in a Uniform Supersonic Flow) technique to the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with 1-butene at ca. 23 K and 0.63 millibars of helium (carrier gas). The carrier gas flow, containing negligible mixing ratios of OH-precursor and 1-butene, is expanded from a high pressure reservoir (337 millibars) to a low pressure region (0.63 millibars) through a convergent-divergent nozzle (Laval type). The novelty of this experimental setup is that the uniform supersonic flow is pulsed by means of a Teflon-coated aerodynamic chopper provided with two symmetrical apertures. Under these operational conditions, the designed Laval nozzle achieves a temperature of (22.4 ± 1.4) K in the gas jet. The spatial characterization of the temperature and the total gas density within the pulsed uniform supersonic flow has also been performed by both aerodynamical and spectroscopic methods. The gas consumption with this technique is considerably reduced with respect to a continuous CRESU system. The kinetics of the OH+1-butene reaction was investigated by the pulsed laser photolysis/laser induced fluorescence technique. The rotation speed of the disk is temporally synchronized with the exit of the photolysis and the probe lasers. The rate coefficient (k(OH)) for the reaction under investigation was then obtained and compared with the only available data at this temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - B Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Canosa
- Département de Physique Moléculaire, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - T M Townsend
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - F J Maigler
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Napal
- AEROCHOP, 22 Chemin des Moines, 22750 Saint Jacut de la Mer, France
| | - B R Rowe
- Département de Physique Moléculaire, Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS-UR1 6251, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - J Albaladejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Páramo A, Canosa A, Le Picard SD, Sims IR. Rate Coefficients for the Reactions of C2(a3Πu) and C2(X1Σg+) with Various Hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and C3H8): A Gas-Phase Experimental Study over the Temperature Range 24−300 K. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9591-600. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8025336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Páramo
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS−Université n° 6251; Equipe ”Astrochimie Expérimentale”, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 11C, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
| | - André Canosa
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS−Université n° 6251; Equipe ”Astrochimie Expérimentale”, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 11C, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Sébastien D. Le Picard
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS−Université n° 6251; Equipe ”Astrochimie Expérimentale”, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 11C, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Ian R. Sims
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS−Université n° 6251; Equipe ”Astrochimie Expérimentale”, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 11C, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, Birmingham, U.K
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Canosa A. Gas phase reaction kinetics at very low temperatures: recent advances on carbon chemistry using the CRESU technique. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2007v076n12abeh003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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de Lange MJL, Stolte S, Taatjes CA, Kłos J, Groenenboom GC, van der Avoird A. Steric asymmetry and lambda-doublet propensities in state-to-state rotationally inelastic scattering of NO(2Π1/2) with He. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:11691-701. [PMID: 15634135 DOI: 10.1063/1.1818123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative integrated cross sections are measured for rotationally inelastic scattering of NO(2Pi(1/2)),hexapole selected in the upper lambda-doublet level of the ground rotational state (j = 0.5), in collisions with He at a nominal energy of 514 cm(-1). Application of a static electric field E in the scattering region, directed parallel or antiparallel to the relative velocity vector v, allows the state-selected NO molecule to be oriented with either the N end or the O end towards the incoming He atom. Laser-induced fluorescence detection of the final state of the NO molecule is used to determine the experimental steric asymmetry, [formula: see text], which is equal to within a factor of (- 1) to the molecular steric effect, S(i-->f) is identical with (sigma(He-->NO) - (sigma(He-->ON))/(sigma(He-->NO) + sigma(He-->ON)). The dependence of the integral inelastic cross section on the incoming lambda-doublet component is also observed as a function of the final rotational (j'), spin-orbit (omega'), and lambda-doublet (epsilon') state. The measured steric asymmetries are significantly larger than previously observed for NO-Ar scattering, supporting earlier proposals that the repulsive part of the interaction potential is responsible for the steric asymmetry. In contrast to the case of scattering with Ar, the steric asymmetry of NO-He collisions is not very sensitive to the value of omega'. However, the lambda-doublet propensities are very different for [omega=0.5(F1)-->omega'= 1.5(F2)] and [omega=0.5(F1)-->omega'=0.5(F1)] transitions. Spin-orbit manifold conserving collisions exhibit a propensity for parity conservation at low deltaj, but spin-orbit manifold changing collisions do not show this propensity. In conjunction with the experiments, state-to-state cross sections for scattering of oriented NO(2Pi) molecules with He atoms are predicted from close-coupling calculations on restricted coupled-cluster methods including single, double, and noniterated triple excitations [J. Klos, G. Chalasinski, M. T. Berry, R.Bukowski, and S. M. Cybulski, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 2195 (2000)] and correlated electron-pair approximation [M. Yang and M. H. Alexander, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 6973 (1995)] potential energy surfaces. The calculated steric asymmetry S(i-->f) of the inelastic cross sections at Etr= 514 cm(-1) is in reasonable agreement with that derived from the present experimental measurements for both spin-manifold conserving (F1-->Fl) and spin-manifold changing (F1 --F2) collisions, except that the overall sign of the effect is opposite. Additionally, calculated field-free integral cross sections for collisions at Etr = 508 cm(-1) are compared to the experimental data of Joswig et al. [J. Chem. Phys.85, 1904 (1986)]. Finally, the calculated differential cross section for collision energy Etr= 491 cm(-1) is compared to experimental data of Westley et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 114, 2669 (2001)] for the spin-orbit conserving transition F1 (j = 0.5) -F1f (j' = 3.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J L de Lange
- Laser Centre and Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hickson KM, Sadowski CM, Smith IWM. Rate coefficients for rotational energy transfer from the levels OH(X2Π3/2, v = 1, ji = 1.5, 3.5–8.5) in collisions with He, Ar, N2and HNO3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b207549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dixit AA, Pisano PJ, Houston PL. Differential Cross Section for Rotationally Inelastic Scattering of Vibrationally Excited NO(v=5) from Ar. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012318z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amitavikram A. Dixit
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Patrick J. Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Paul L. Houston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Nizamov B, Dagdigian PJ, Alexander MH. State-resolved rotationally inelastic collisions of highly rotationally excited CN(A 2Π) with helium: Influence of the interaction potential. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1409358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Islam M, Smith IWM. Rotationally specific rates of vibration–vibration energy exchange in collisions of NO(X 2Π1/2,v=3) with NO(X 2Π,v=0). J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rate constants for total relaxation from the rotational levels J=7.5, 20.5, 31.5 and 40.5 in NO(X2Π1/2, v=2) in collisions with He, Ar and N2: a comparison between experiment and theory. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lin A, Antonova S, Tsakotellis AP, McBane GC. Λ Doublet Propensities in Ar−NO Rotationally Inelastic Scattering at 220 meV. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984119u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Stiliana Antonova
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | - George C. McBane
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Direct observation of Λ-doublet and hyperfine branching ratios for rotationally inelastic collisions of NO–He at 4.2 K. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)01328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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James PL, Sims IR, Smith IWM, Alexander MH, Yang M. A combined experimental and theoretical study of rotational energy transfer in collisions between NO(X 2Π1/2, v=3,J) and He, Ar and N2 at temperatures down to 7 K. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Smith IWM, Sims IR, Rowe BR, Rowe BR. Gas-Phase Reactions at Low Temperatures: Towards Absolute Zero. Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970031206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rate coefficients for the vibrational self-relaxation of NO(X2Π, ν = 3) at temperatures down to 7 K. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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