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Yoon G, Shim J, Kim HJ, Kim S, Bae M, Cho S, Kim E. Structure–activity relationship of gallic acid from
Paeonia lactiflora
and its synthetic analogs against human breast cancer cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Muan Jeonnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Jeonnam Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Hyun Shim
- College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Muan Jeonnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Jeonnam Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Muan Jeonnam Republic of Korea
| | - Su‐Nam Kim
- KIST Gangneung Institute Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Min‐Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering, Mokpo National University Muan Jeonnam Republic of Korea
| | - Seung‐Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Muan Jeonnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Jeonnam Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
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2
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Guo S, Meng J, Cao Z, Yang Y, He D, Gu D. A rational route based on liquid-liquid-refining extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography for separation of target compound from Toona sinensis. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Torres-León C, Ventura-Sobrevilla J, Serna-Cock L, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Contreras-Esquivel J, Aguilar CN. Pentagalloylglucose (PGG): A valuable phenolic compound with functional properties. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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4
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Liszt KI, Eder R, Wendelin S, Somoza V. Identification of Catechin, Syringic Acid, and Procyanidin B2 in Wine as Stimulants of Gastric Acid Secretion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7775-7783. [PMID: 26244870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids of wine, in addition to ethanol, have been identified as stimulants of gastric acid secretion. This study characterized the influence of other wine compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, on proton secretion. Forty wine parameters were determined in four red wines and six white wines, including the contents of organic acids and phenolic compounds. The secretory activity of the wines was determined in a gastric cell culture model (HGT-1 cells) by means of a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. Red wines stimulated proton secretion more than white wines. Lactic acid and the phenolic compounds syringic acid, catechin, and procyanidin B2 stimulated proton secretion and correlated with the pro-secretory effect of the wines. Addition of the phenolic compounds to the least active white wine sample enhanced its proton secretory effect by 65 ± 21% (p < 0.05). These results indicate that not only malic and lactic acid but also bitter and astringent tasting phenolic compounds in wine contribute to its stimulatory effect on gastric acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reinhard Eder
- Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology , Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Sylvia Wendelin
- Federal College and Research Institute for Viticulture and Pomology , Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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5
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Tjandrawinata RR, Nailufar F, Arifin PF. Hydrogen potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity inhibition and downregulation of its expression by bioactive fraction DLBS2411 from Cinnamomum burmannii in gastric parietal cells. Int J Gen Med 2013; 6:807-15. [PMID: 24101879 PMCID: PMC3790889 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s50134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the gastric acid antisecretory effect of DLBS2411 fractionated from Cinnamomum burmannii. Hydrogen potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase) activity and its gene expression were observed, and the antioxidant activity of DLBS2411 was also investigated. Treatment of DLBS2411 decreased the level of H+/K+ ATPase messenger RNA expression on human embryonic kidney 293 cells and rat gastric parietal cells in a dose-dependent manner, in vitro and ex vivo. DLBS2411 also acted as a competitive inhibitor by showing inhibition in gastric H+/K+ ATPase activity at various pHs. In gastric ulcer animal models induced with indomethacin and ethanol, DLBS2411showed a reduction in the number of petechiae, suggesting that the fraction also confers gastroprotective activity. Moreover, DLBS2411 was also found to have potent antioxidant activity. Taken together, DLBS2411 is a promising novel agent for the management of dyspepsia, a condition of hyperacidity and diseases in the stomach requiring gastroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Tjandrawinata
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia ; Section of Animal Pharmacology, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, Indonesia
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Cryan LM, Bazinet L, Habeshian KA, Cao S, Clardy J, Christensen KA, Rogers MS. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose inhibits angiogenesis via inhibition of capillary morphogenesis gene 2. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1940-5. [PMID: 23394144 PMCID: PMC3600088 DOI: 10.1021/jm301558t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) is a transmembrane extracellular matrix binding protein that is also an anthrax toxin receptor. We have shown that high-affinity CMG2 binders can inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth. We recently described a high-throughput FRET assay to identify CMG2 inhibitors. We now report the serendipitous discovery that PGG (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose) is a CMG2 inhibitor with antiangiogenic activity. PGG is a gallotannin produced by a variety of medicinal plants that exhibits a wide variety of antitumor and other activities. We find that PGG inhibits CMG2 with a submicromolar IC50 and it also inhibits the migration of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells at similar concentrations in vitro. Finally, oral or intraperitoneal administration of PGG inhibits angiogenesis in the mouse corneal micropocket assay in vivo. Together, these results suggest that a portion of the in vivo antitumor activity of PGG may be the result of antiangiogenic activity mediated by inhibition of CMG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna M. Cryan
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lauren Bazinet
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kaiane A. Habeshian
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Michael S. Rogers
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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7
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Cho KH, Kim YS, Jung WS, Kim TH. Effect of Gui-zhi-fu-ling-wan on hot flashes in young patients: a retrospective case series. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2011; 4:129-33. [PMID: 21704956 DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(11)60019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot flashes are one of the main problems in postmenopausal patients. Hormone replacement therapy is the standard treatment for this vasomotor symptom, but long-term estrogen treatment can produce serious adverse effects such as higher risks of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. For this reason, hormone replacement therapy may not be advisable for young patients. Gui-zhi-fu-ling-wan is an herbal decoction for hot flashes used in traditional Chinese medicine. We have extensive experience treating hot flashes in young women; this preliminary case series evaluates the effectiveness of Gui-zhi-fu-ling-wan for alleviating hot flashes in young patients. In this retrospective case series, we reviewed the medical records of outpatients who visited the Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease, Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center for hot flashes from October 1, 2003 to October 1, 2008. Of the 60 cases, 37 met the inclusion criteria. Mean improvement in symptoms, as assessed using the visual analog scale, was 40.4 ± 28.5%; 51.3% of patients experienced a 50% improvement. According to the secondary analysis, the results of differential diagnosis of cold and hot syndrome and blood stasis syndrome did not affect scores. Only 2.7% of the patients reported adverse events. Our findings suggest that Gui-zhi-fu-ling-wan improves hot flashes in young patients in a relatively safe manner. However, rigorous clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases, College of Oriental Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Beretta G, Artali R, Caneva E, Maffei Facino R. Conformation of the tridimensional structure of 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) by (1)H NMR, NOESY and theoretical study and membrane interaction in a simulated phospholipid bilayer: a first insight. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:132-136. [PMID: 21322008 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) is a polyphenolic compound found in substantial amounts in a number of medicinal herbs. We report (i) its conformational analysis by solution NMR and molecular dynamics calculation and (ii) theoretical study of its interaction with a model membrane bilayer. The galloyl groups B and E appear to play important roles in the interaction with the phospholipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences 'Pietro Pratesi', Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Milan, Italy.
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9
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He CN, Peng Y, Zhang YC, Xu LJ, Gu J, Xiao PG. Phytochemical and biological studies of paeoniaceae. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:805-38. [PMID: 20397219 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, 151 Malianwa North Road, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang J, Li L, Kim SH, Hagerman AE, Lü J. Anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other pharmacologic and biological activities of penta-galloyl-glucose. Pharm Res 2009; 26:2066-80. [PMID: 19575286 PMCID: PMC2822717 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a polyphenolic compound highly enriched in a number of medicinal herbals. Several in vitro and a handful of in vivo studies have shown that PGG exhibits multiple biological activities which implicate a great potential for PGG in the therapy and prevention of several major diseases including cancer and diabetes. Chemically and functionally, PGG appears to be distinct from its constituent gallic acid or tea polyphenols. For anti-cancer activity, three published in vivo preclinical cancer model studies with PGG support promising efficacy to selectively inhibit malignancy without host toxicity. Potential mechanisms include anti-angiogenesis; anti-proliferative actions through inhibition of DNA replicative synthesis, S-phase arrest, and G(1) arrest; induction of apoptosis; anti-inflammation; and anti-oxidation. Putative molecular targets include p53, Stat3, Cox-2, VEGFR1, AP-1, SP-1, Nrf-2, and MMP-9. For anti-diabetic activity, PGG and analogues appear to improve glucose uptake. However, very little is known about the absorption, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of PGG, or its toxicity profile. The lack of a large quantity of highly pure PGG has been a bottleneck limiting in vivo validation of cancer preventive and therapeutic efficacies in clinically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Li Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center and Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann E. Hagerman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford OH 45056
| | - Junxuan Lü
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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Gyémánt G, Zajácz Á, Bécsi B, Ragunath C, Ramasubbu N, Erdődi F, Batta G, Kandra L. Evidence for pentagalloyl glucose binding to human salivary α-amylase through aromatic amino acid residues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:291-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Jung WS, Moon SK, Park SU, Ko CN, Cho KH. Clinical assessment of usefulness, effectiveness and safety of jackyakamcho-tang (shaoyaogancao-tang) on muscle spasm and pain: a case series. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2005; 32:611-20. [PMID: 15481650 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x04002247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study is a retrospective single case series. Two hundred and thirty-seven patients were treated with jackyakamcho-tang (JKT) for relief of muscle spasm and pain; 81 of them were included in analysis. (The others were excluded because of insufficient medical records to confirm the diagnosis or assess the response.) There were 29 patients with nocturnal leg cramps, 28 with cervical spondylosis, 13 with thalamic pain and 11 with carpal tunnel syndrome, for which the effectiveness was assessed as 86.2%, 60.7%, 45.5% and 72.8%, respectively. Adverse effects (indigestion, diarrhea or edema) were seen in 11.1% of the total patients, but severe cases were only 3.7%. Taking the effectiveness and the safety into consideration, the usefulness was assessed as 86.2%, 57.1%, 53.9% and 72.8% for treating nocturnal leg cramps, cervical spondylosis, thalamic pain and carpal tunnel syndrome, respectively. In conclusion, we suggest that JKT is a useful herbal medicine with analgesic and anti-spasmodic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center), College of Oriental Medicine Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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Oh GS, Pae HO, Choi BM, Lee HS, Kim IK, Yun YG, Kim JD, Chung HT. Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose inhibits phorbol myristate acetate-induced interleukin-8 [correction of intereukin-8] gene expression in human monocytic U937 cells through its inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:377-86. [PMID: 15037215 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2003.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2003] [Revised: 06/19/2003] [Accepted: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the gallotannin penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose (PGG) on interleukin (IL)-8 gene expression and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. PGG inhibited IL-8 production and gene expression in human monocytic U937 cells stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. PGG also inhibited PMA-mediated NF-kappaB activation, as measured by electromobility shift assay. Furthermore, PGG prevented PMA-mediated degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein I-kappaBalpha, as measured by Western blot analysis. PGG also inhibited both IL-8 production and NF-kappaB activation in the U937 cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These results suggest that PGG, a major constituent of the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS, can inhibit IL-8 gene expression by a mechanism involving its inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, which is dependent on I-kappaBalpha degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan-Shi, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Park WH, Ahn JC, Kim HM, Lee YC, Kim CH. Effects of a Korean herbal formulation, Silsosangami, consisting of seven medicinal herbs, and its seven herbs on endotoxin-induced experimental thrombosis in rats. Phytother Res 2004; 18:224-9. [PMID: 15103669 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A traditional Korean medicine, Silsosangami (SSG), consisting of seven different herbs of Typhae Pollen, Pteropi Faeces, Paeoniae Radicis rubra, Cnidii Rhizoma, Persicae Semen, Carthami Flos and Curcumae Tuber, has been reported to have a hypolipidemic effect in human subjects. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of SSG on a thrombosis in rats, induced by endotoxin treatment were examined. The anti-thrombic properties of SSG were also investigated with respect to blood parameters. The extracts of SSG and five of the seven herbs, except Cnidii Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, inhibited both endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombosis in rats. The extract also inhibited the endotoxin-induced decrease in blood platelets and fibrinogen, and the endotoxin-induced increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP) on disseminated intravascular coagulation in normal rats. In conclusion, the artificially induced, protective effects of SSG on ischemic infarction might be related to their inhibitory effects on DIC, platelet coagulation and thrombotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hwan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Diagnosis, Dongguk University COM and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Korean Ministry of Science and Technology, KyungJu, Korea
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Chen WJ, Lin JK. Induction of G1 arrest and apoptosis in human jurkat T cells by pentagalloylglucose through inhibiting proteasome activity and elevating p27Kip1, p21Cip1/WAF1, and Bax proteins. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:13496-505. [PMID: 14726525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212390200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentagalloylglucose, which is found in many medicinal plants, can arrest the cell cycle at G(1) phase through down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 and up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1/WAF1) in human breast cancer cells. Pentagalloylglucose also induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells. However, the mechanisms by which pentagalloylglucose induces these effects is unclear. We now show that pentagalloylglucose inhibits the activities of purified 20 and 26 S proteasomes in vitro, the 26 S proteasome in Jurkat T cell lysates, and chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26 S proteasome in intact Jurkat T cells. The turnover of p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1/WAF1), which is necessary for cell cycle progression mediated by proteasome degradation, was disrupted by treatment of human Jurkat T cells with pentagalloylglucose. This was shown by cycloheximide treatment and in vivo pulse-chase labeling experiments, and this effect correlated with the arrest of proliferation of Jurkat T cells at G(1). Inhibition of the proteasome by pentagalloylglucose and by the proteasome inhibitor MG132 caused accumulation of ubiquitin-tagged proteins in Jurkat T cells. The addition of pentagalloylglucose to Jurkat T cells enhanced the stability of the proteasome substrate Bax and increased cytochrome c release and apoptosis. Our findings suggest a mechanism for the effect of pentagalloylglucose on the cell cycle in human leukemic cells: that pentagalloylglucose down-regulates proteasome-mediated pathways because it is a proteasome inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Park WH, Shin SS, Lee YC, Kim CH. The inhibitory effects of Silso-San-Gami on atherosclerosis in KHC rabbits. Thromb Res 2004; 113:235-41. [PMID: 15140588 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2003] [Revised: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silsosangami is a dried decoction of a mixture of seven Korean herbal medicines, consisting of Typhae pollen, Pteropi faeces, Paeoniae radicis rubra, Cnidii rhizoma, Persicae semen, Carthami flos, and Curcumae tuber. The inhibitory effect of this traditional herbal medicine, Silsosangami-water extract (SSG), on the progression of the atherosclerotic diseases was examined using the spontaneous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) model, Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits. Changes in blood chemistry, pathology and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation were measured in a control group and a SSG-administrated group. In the control group, the area of atheromatous aortic plaques progressed between 4 weeks (30.43%) and 8 weeks (47.48%). This progressin of atherosclerotic disease was not observed in the SSG-treated group between 4 weeks (22.65%) and 8 weeks (23.23%). Antioxidative effects on LDL were observed in the SSG group at 12 and 14 weeks. SSG improved hypercholestrolemia in the KHC rabbits. These results suggest that SSG has inhibitory effects on the development of atheromatous plaques in spontaneous FH model rabbits. The antioxidative effects of SSG on LDL appear to be the source of the beneficial effects observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hwan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Diagnostics, Dongguk University College of Oriental Medicine and National Research Laboratory for Glycobiology, Korean Ministry of Science and Technology, Kyungju City, Kyungbuk, South Korea
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Lee SJ, Lee IS, Mar W. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 activity by 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose in murine macrophage cells. Arch Pharm Res 2003; 26:832-9. [PMID: 14609132 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Activated macrophages express inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and produce excessive amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which play key roles in the processes of inflammation and carcinogenesis. The root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., are important Chinese crude drugs used in many traditional prescriptions. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a major bioactive constituent of both crude drugs. PGG has been shown to possess potent anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-proliferative and anti-invasive effects. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) isolated from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. on the COX-2 and iNOS activity in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells, COX-1 in HEL cells. To investigate the structure-activity relationships of gallate and gallic acid for the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 activity, we also examined (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallic acid, and gallacetophenone. The results of the present study indicated that PGG, EGCG, and gallacetophenone treatment except gallic acid significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production in LPS-activated macrophages. All of the four compounds significantly inhibited COX-2 activity in LPS-activated macrophages. Among the four compounds examined, PGG revealed the most potent in both iNOS (IC50 approximately 18 microg/mL) and COX-2 inhibitory activity (PGE2: IC50 approximately 8 microg/mL and PGD2: IC50 approximately 12 microg/mL), respectively. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and structure-activity relationship by which PGG exerts its inhibitory actions, our results suggest that PGG might be a candidate for developing anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-460, Korea
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Chen WJ, Chang CY, Lin JK. Induction of G1 phase arrest in MCF human breast cancer cells by pentagalloylglucose through the down-regulation of CDK4 and CDK2 activities and up-regulation of the CDK inhibitors p27(Kip) and p21(Cip). Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:1777-85. [PMID: 12781329 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pentagalloylglucose (5GG) is a potent and specific inhibitor of NADPH dehydrogenase or xanthine oxidase. In our previous study, we showed that 5GG was able to induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner via the activation of caspase-3. Recently, we found that 5GG was capable of perturbing the cell cycle of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. DNA flow cytometric analysis showed that 5GG exhibited the ability of blocking MCF-7 cell cycle progression at the G1 phase. The level of several G1 phase-related cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases did not change in these cells during a 24-hr exposure to 5GG. However, the activity of cyclin E/CDK2 was decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and the activity of cyclin D/CDK4 was inhibited when serum-starved synchronized cells were released from synchronization. p27(Kip) and p21(Cip), inhibitors of cyclin/CDK complexes in G1-phase, were gradually increased after 5GG treatment in a time-dependent manner and the induction of p21(Cip) was correlated with an increase in p53 levels. These results suggest that the suppression of cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by 5GG was mediated in MCF-7 cells, at least in part, by either the inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4 and cyclin E/CDK2 activity or the induction of the CDK inhibitors p27(Kip) and p21(Cip).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Cai Z, Lee FSC, Wang XR, Yu WJ. A capsule review of recent studies on the application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese medicinal herbs. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:1013-1024. [PMID: 12375275 DOI: 10.1002/jms.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine is gaining increasing popularity worldwide as an alternative approach to the development of pharmaceuticals in therapeutic applications. Chemical characterization and compositional analysis of Chinese medicines provide the necessary scientific basis for the discovery and development of new drugs of natural origin. Applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese herbal medicines have been growing rapidly in recent years owing to the rapid technical advances and increasing availability of the instrumentation. This paper reviews the current status of how different mass spectrometric techniques are being used to support research studies of Chinese medicines. The focus is on crude herbal medicines and their derived products. The review is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather to provide a general overview of the various research activities in this rapidly expanding field. In the discussion of specific herbs, the emphasis is placed on ginseng and Danshen, two of the herbs for which active experimental work is on-going in the authors' laboratories. Other selected herbs will be discussed only briefly, aiming primarily to illustrate the current status of research in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloong Tang, Hong Kong.
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