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Parker K, Bollis NE, Ryzhov V. Ion-molecule reactions of mass-selected ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:47-89. [PMID: 36447431 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions of mass-selected ions with neutrals covers a very broad area of fundamental and applied mass spectrometry (MS). Oftentimes, ion-molecule reactions (IMR) can serve as a viable alternative to collision-induced dissociation and other ion dissociation techniques when using tandem MS. This review focuses on the literature pertaining applications of IMR since 2013. During the past decade considerable efforts have been made in analytical applications of IMR, including advances in one of the major techniques for characterization of unsaturated fatty acids and lipids, ozone-induced dissociation, and the development of a new technique for sequencing of large ions, hydrogen atom attachment/abstraction dissociation. Many advances have also been made in identifying gas-phase chemistry specific to a functional group in organic and biological compounds, which are useful in structure elucidation of analytes and differentiation of isomers/isobars. With "soft" ionization techniques like electrospray ionization having become mainstream for quite some time now, the efforts in the area of metal ion catalysis have firmly moved into exploring chemistry of ligated metal complexes in their "natural" oxidation states allowing to model individual steps of mechanisms in homogeneous catalysis, especially in combination with high-level DFT calculations. Finally, IMR continue to contribute to the body of knowledge in the area of chemistry of interstellar processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas E Bollis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
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2
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Murakami T, Takayanagi T. Triplet-quintet spin-crossover efficiency in β-hydrogen transfer between Fe(C2H5)+ and HFe(C2H4)+. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Holland PL. Distinctive Reaction Pathways at Base Metals in High-Spin Organometallic Catalysts. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:1696-702. [PMID: 25989357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inexpensive "base" metals are more affordable and sustainable than precious metals and also offer opportunities to discover new mechanisms for selective catalytic reactions. Base metal complexes can have high-spin electronic configurations that are rare in precious metal complexes. This Account describes some concepts relevant to high-spin organometallic complexes, focusing on our recent work with β-diketiminate complexes of iron and cobalt. Even though high-spin organometallic complexes have some unfamiliar spectroscopic properties, they can be studied using NMR spectroscopy as well as techniques that focus on the magnetism brought about by the unpaired electrons. Understanding the mechanisms of reactions using these complexes can be complicated, because complexes with a high-spin electronic configuration may need to change spin states to avoid high barriers for reaction. These spin-state changes can be rapid, and the ability of an excited spin state to "cut through" the barrier for a reaction can lead to spin acceleration. These concepts, originally developed by Poli, Shaik, Schwarz, and Harvey, are applied here to the fundamental organometallic reaction of β-hydride elimination (BHE). Experimentally validated density-functional calculations show spin acceleration in BHE using three-coordinate iron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes. A square-planar transition state is particularly beneficial for accelerating BHE when a high-spin iron(II) complex goes from an S = 2 ground state to an S = 1 transition state or when a high-spin cobalt(II) complex goes from an S = 3/2 ground state to an S = 1/2 transition state. The relative energies of the spin states can be controlled with the choice of the supporting ligand. Using an appropriate ligand, isomerization of 1-alkenes to their Z-2 isomers can be catalyzed in high yields using the cobalt(II) alkyl complexes as catalysts. Though an earlier paper attributed the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity to the preferred geometry of the BHE step, the results of isotope labeling experiments suggest that the selectivity may actually come from the alkene exchange step (again with spin acceleration). In general, the use of multiple intersecting spin states is envisioned as a profitable strategy for bringing about low reaction barriers and high selectivity in catalytic reactions. This effort requires high-accuracy computational models as well as ligand design that gives nearby spin states with appropriate geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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O’Hair RAJ, Rijs NJ. Gas phase studies of the Pesci decarboxylation reaction: synthesis, structure, and unimolecular and bimolecular reactivity of organometallic ions. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:329-40. [PMID: 25594228 DOI: 10.1021/ar500377u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Decarboxylation chemistry has a rich history, and in more recent times, it has been recruited in the quest to develop cheaper, cleaner, and more efficient bond-coupling reactions. Thus, over the past two decades, there has been intense investigation into new metal-catalyzed reactions of carboxylic substrates. Understanding the elementary steps of metal-mediated transformations is at the heart of inventing new reactions and improving the performance of existing ones. Fortunately, during the same time period, there has been a convergence in mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, which allows these catalytic processes to be examined efficiently in the gas phase. Thus, electrospray ionization (ESI) sources have been combined with ion-trap mass spectrometers, which in turn have been modified to either accept radiation from tunable OPO lasers for spectroscopy based structural assignment of ions or to allow the study of ion-molecule reactions (IMR). The resultant "complete" gas-phase chemical laboratories provide a platform to study the elementary steps of metal-catalyzed decarboxylation reactions in exquisite detail. In this Account, we illustrate how the powerful combination of ion trap mass spectrometry experiments and DFT calculations can be systematically used to examine the formation of organometallic ions and their chemical transformations. Specifically, ESI-MS allows the transfer of inorganic carboxylate complexes, [RCO2M(L)n](x), (x = charge) from the condensed to the gas phase. These mass selected ions serve as precursors to organometallic ions [RM(L)n](x) via neutral extrusion of CO2, accessible by slow heating in the ion trap using collision induced dissociation (CID). This approach provides access to an array of organometallic ions with well-defined stoichiometry. In terms of understanding the decarboxylation process, we highlight the role of the metal center (M), the organic group (R), and the auxiliary ligand (L), along with cluster nuclearity, in promoting the formation of the organometallic ion. Where isomeric organometallic ions are generated and normal MS approaches cannot distinguish them, we describe approaches to elucidate the decarboxylation mechanism via determination of their structure. These "unmasked" organometallic ions, [RM(L)n](x), can also be structurally interrogated spectroscopically or via CID. We have thus compared the gas-phase structures and decomposition of several highly reactive and synthetically important organometallic ions for the first time. Perhaps the most significant aspect of this work is the study of bimolecular reactions, which provides experimental information on mechanistically obscure bond-formation and cross-coupling steps and the intrinsic reactivity of ions. We have sought to understand transformations of substrates including acid-base and hydrolysis reactions, along with reactions resulting in C-C bond formation. Our studies also allow a direct comparison of the performance of different metal catalysts in the individual elementary steps associated with protodecarboxylation and decarboxylative alkylation cycles. Electronic structure (DFT and ab initio) and dynamics (RRKM) calculations provide further mechanistic insights into these reactions. The broad implications of this research are that new reactions can be discovered and that the performance of metal catalysts can be evaluated in terms of each of their elementary steps. This has been particularly useful for the study of metal-mediated decarboxylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicole J. Rijs
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Li J, Khairallah GN, Steinmetz V, Maitre P, O'Hair RAJ. Copper mediated decyano decarboxylative coupling of cyanoacetate ligands: Pesci versus Lewis acid mechanism. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9230-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of gas-phase ion trap multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to examine the mechanisms of the sequential decomposition reactions of copper cyanoacetate anions, [(NCCH2CO2)2Cu]−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- The University of Melbourne
| | - George N. Khairallah
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- The University of Melbourne
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- UMR8000 CNRS
- Université Paris-Sud
- Orsay
- France
| | - Philippe Maitre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- UMR8000 CNRS
- Université Paris-Sud
- Orsay
- France
| | - Richard A. J. O'Hair
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- The University of Melbourne
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7
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Mayeux C, Massi L, Gal JF, Charles L, Burk P. Catalytic Effect of Cesium Cation Adduct Formation on the Decarboxylation of Carboxylate Ions in the Gas Phase. Chemistry 2013; 20:815-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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8
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Bellows SM, Cundari TR, Holland PL. Spin Crossover during β-Hydride Elimination in High-Spin Iron(II)– and Cobalt(II)–Alkyl Complexes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400325x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarina M. Bellows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry and CaSCAM, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Patrick L. Holland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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9
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Lv L, Wang X, Zhu Y, Liu X, Huang X, Wang Y. Theoretical Study on the Two-State Reaction Mechanism for the Formation of a Pyridin-2-one Cobalt Complex from Cobaltacyclopentadiene and Isocyanate. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400301y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LingLing Lv
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui,
Gansu 741001, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoFang Wang
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui,
Gansu 741001, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuanCheng Zhu
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui,
Gansu 741001, People’s Republic of China
| | - XinWen Liu
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui,
Gansu 741001, People’s Republic of China
| | - XianQiang Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, People’s Republic of China
| | - YongCheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Northwest Normal University, LanZhou, Gansu 730070, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Harris BL, Waters T, Khairallah GN, O’Hair RAJ. Gas-Phase Reactions of [VO2(OH)2]− and [V2O5(OH)]− with Methanol: Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1124-35. [PMID: 22889366 DOI: 10.1021/jp3046142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Harris
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of
Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tom Waters
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of
Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - George N. Khairallah
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of
Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of
Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
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11
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Bowie JH, Bruce MI, Buntine MA, Gentleman AS, Graham DC, Low PJ, Metha GF, Mitchell C, Parker CR, Skelton BW, White AH. Facile Decarboxylation of Propiolic Acid on a Ruthenium Center and Related Chemistry. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300157w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John H. Bowie
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Michael I. Bruce
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Mark A. Buntine
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1978, Perth, Western Australia
6845, Australia
| | - Alexander S. Gentleman
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David C. Graham
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Paul J. Low
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, England
| | - Gregory F. Metha
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Cassandra Mitchell
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Christian R. Parker
- Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- CMCA, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Chemistry
M313, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Allan H. White
- Chemistry
M313, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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12
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Sraj LO, Khairallah GN, da Silva G, O’Hair RAJ. Who Wins: Pesci, Peters, or Deacon? Intrinsic Reactivity Orders for Organocuprate Formation via Ligand Decomposition. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om2011722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka O’Connor Sraj
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute
of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - George N. Khairallah
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute
of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,
Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute
of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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13
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Schlangen M, Schwarz H, Schröder D. Specific Processes and Scrambling in the Dehydrogenation of Ethane and the Degenerate Hydrogen Exchange in the Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of the Ni(C,H3,O)+/C2H6 Couple. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Intrinsic Mechanisms of Oxidation Reactions as Revealed by Gas-Phase Experiments. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Kismartoni LC, Weitz E, Cedeño DL. Density Functional Study of Fe(CO)3 and Fe(CO)3(L) with H2 and C2H4, where L = H2 or C2H4: Reactions Relevant to Olefin Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om0499411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Weitz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113
| | - David L. Cedeño
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160
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16
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McKee ML. Density functional study of the retrocyclization of norbornadiene and norbornene catalyzed by Fe(+). J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:9426-35. [PMID: 11562226 DOI: 10.1021/ja011165q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of Fe(+) catalyst, the retro Diels-Alder reaction of norbornadiene (NBD) is predicted to be stepwise with an activation barrier of 18.8 kcal/mol, which is 3.1 kcal/mol lower than the concerted retro reaction. For norbornene (NBN), the Fe(+)-catalyzed retro reaction is also calculated to be stepwise with an activation barrier of 24.9 kcal/mol, which is 8.5 kcal/mol lower than the uncatalyzed stepwise reaction but 3.8 kcal/mol higher than the concerted reaction. The intermediates from the NBD and NBN retro Diels-Alder reactions, C(5)H(6)FeC(2)H(2)(+) and C(5)H(6)FeC(2)H(4)(+), are predicted to have low activation barriers for ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfers (through an iron-hydrido intermediate) to form CpFeC(2)H(3)(+) and CpFeC(2)H(5)(+) and, ultimately, vinyl- and ethyl-substituted cyclopentadiene-iron complexes, respectively. In contrast to FeC(2)H(2)(+) and FeC(2)H(4)(+), the lowest-energy pathways on the C(5)H(6)FeC(2)H(2)(+) and C(5)H(6)FeC(2)H(4)(+) potential energy surfaces involve only one multiplicity (quartet). The C(2)H(2) and C(2)H(4) complexes of CpFe(+) and C(5)H(6)Fe(+) are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L McKee
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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17
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Schröder D, Shaik S, Schwarz H. Two-state reactivity as a new concept in organometallic chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2000; 33:139-45. [PMID: 10727203 DOI: 10.1021/ar990028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 937] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is proposed that spin-crossing effects can dramatically affect reaction mechanisms, rate constants, branching ratios, and temperature behaviors of organometallic transformations. This phenomenon is termed two-state reactivity (TSR) and involves participation of spin inversion in the rate-determining step. While the present analysis is based on studies of transition metals under idealized conditions, several recent reports imply that TSR is by no means confined to the gas phase. In fact, participation of more than a single spin surface in the reaction pathways is proposed as a key feature in organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schröder
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Chen H, Jacobson DB, Freiser BS. Interconversion of FeC2H3+ and HFeC2H2+: An FTICR and Density Functional Study. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om9902941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Chen
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Denley B. Jacobson
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Ben S. Freiser
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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19
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The synthesis, characterization and properties of alkyl complexes of the type [Cp*Fe(CO)2R] (Cp*=η5-C5(CH3)5; R=n-C3H7 to n-C12H25); the X-ray crystal and molecular structure of [Cp*Fe(CO)2(n-C5H11)] and molecular orbital and density functional calculations on the β-hydride elimination of [CpFe(CO)2(CH2CH3)]. J Organomet Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Capron L, Mestdagh H, Rolando C. Gas-phase reactivity of ionic iron complexes: comparison with solution chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(98)00178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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