1
|
Inagi R, Miyata T, Maeda K, Sugiyama S, Miyama A, Nakashima I. FUT-175 as a potent inhibitor of C5/C3 convertase activity for production of C5a and C3a. Immunol Lett 1991; 27:49-52. [PMID: 2019419 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(91)90243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined the inhibitory effect of FUT-175 on the C3/C5 convertase activity of the cobra venom factor-derived enzyme CVF,Bb by measuring C5b6-mediated reactive lysis of unsensitized guinea pig erythrocytes and by measuring directly the released fragments C3-des-Arg and C5a-des-Arg. In this study, we showed that the concentration of 4.5 X 10(-6) M of FUT-175 caused 50% inhibition of C5 convertase activity of CVF,Bb in reactive hemolysis assays, and that 4.0 X 10(-6) M FUT-175 caused 50% inhibition of the production of C3a and C5a generated by the C3/C5 convertase activity of CVF,Bb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Inagi
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tokunaga F, Miyata T, Nakamura T, Morita T, Kuma K, Miyata T, Iwanaga S. Lipopolysaccharide-sensitive serine-protease zymogen (factor C) of horseshoe crab hemocytes. Identification and alignment of proteolytic fragments produced during the activation show that it is a novel type of serine protease. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 167:405-16. [PMID: 3308457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The horseshoe crab clotting factor, factor C, present in the hemocytes is a serine-protease zymogen activated with lipopolysaccharide. It is a two-chain glycoprotein (Mr = 123,000) composed of a heavy chain (Mr = 80,000) and a light chain (Mr = 43,000) [T. Nakamura et al. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 154, 511-521]. In our continued study of this zymogen, we have now also found a single-chain form of factor C (Mr = 123,000) in the hemocyte lysate. The heavy chain had the NH2-terminal sequence of Ser-Gly-Val-Asp-, consistent with that of the single-chain factor C, indicating that the heavy chain is derived from the NH2-terminal part of the molecule. The light chain had an NH2-terminal sequence of Ser-Ser-Gln-Pro-. Incubation of the two-chain zymogen with lipopolysaccharide resulted in the cleavage of a Phe-Ile bond between residues 72 and 73 of the light chain. Concomitant with this cleavage, the A (72 amino acid residues) and B chains derived from the light chain were formed. The complete amino acid sequence of the A chain was determined by automated Edman degradation. The A chain contained a typical segment which is similar in sequence to a family of repeats in human beta 2-glycoprotein I, complement factors B, protein H, C4b-binding protein, and coagulation factor XIII b subunit. The NH2-terminal sequence of the B chain was Ile-Trp-Asn-Gly-. This chain contained the serine-active site sequence-Asp-Ala-Cys-Ser-Gly-Asp-Ser-Gly-Gly-Pro-. These results indicate that horseshoe crab factor C exists in the hemocytes in a single-chain zymogen form and is converted to an active serine protease by hydrolysis of a specific Phe-Ile peptide bond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Tokunaga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Human complement proteins D, C2, and B. Active site mapping with peptide thioester substrates. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
4
|
Alternative complement pathway activation fragment Ba binds to C3b. Evidence that formation of the factor B-C3b complex involves two discrete points of contact. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
5
|
Pryzdial EL, Isenman DE. A reexamination of the role of magnesium in the human alternative pathway of complement. Mol Immunol 1986; 23:87-96. [PMID: 3634188 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(86)90175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the alternative-pathway C3 convertase has been previously suggested to have an absolute requirement for Mg2+, especially at the level of complex formation between C3b and factor B (B). In the course of defining spectral probes that could be used to monitor the C3b-B interaction (e.g. 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid fluorescence and near-u.v. circular dichroism) we observed that the signal change reporting on this binding was not completely reversed upon addition of excess ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, we have directly demonstrated a Mg2+-independent C3b-B complex in the fluid phase. B thus bound was not only susceptible to specific proteolytic activation by factor D, but the resulting C3bBb enzyme was able to convert native C3 to C3b. Interestingly, we were unable to detect Mg2+-independent specific binding of 125I-B to C3b which was particle-bound. Using a sensitive hemolytic assay, however, we estimated that the functional activity of B with surface-bound C3b is 80-fold greater in the presence of physiological Mg2+ (0.5 mM) than in 2 mM EDTA. In contrast, the fluid-phase association is estimated to differ less than three-fold under the same conditions. These data demonstrate that the requirement for Mg2+ in the formation of the fluid-phase alternative-pathway C3 convertase is not absolute. Furthermore, they suggest a difference in the stable functional properties of fluid-phase and surface-bound C3b.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
This review summarises our current knowledge of the genetic organisation, structure and polymorphism of the loci for the complement proteins, C2 and Factor B--class III gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. cDNA probes specific for C2 and Factor B have been used to screen cosmid libraries of human genomic DNA, and this has allowed isolation and characterisation of the corresponding genes. Southern blot analysis of the cosmid clones and of uncloned genomic DNA has shown that there are single C2 and Factor B loci that are less than 500 bp apart. Molecular mapping has revealed that the C2 gene spans approximately 18 kb of DNA. This is in marked contrast to the Factor B gene which is 6 kb in length. The entire gene structure of the Factor B gene has been determined and the interesting features of this gene which have emerged from an examination of the intron-exon boundaries are discussed. C2 and Factor B are polymorphic and structural variants have been detected by differences in charge. The degree of polymorphism at the C2 and Factor B loci has been examined by Southern blot analysis of restriction digests of genomic DNA. Three DNA polymorphisms have been identified in the C2 gene. These polymorphisms subdivide the common allelic variant of C2 (C2C) and reveal that there is much greater variability at the C2 locus than that detected by protein typing. It is suggested that these DNA polymorphisms may serve as useful markers in the genetic analysis of diseases that are related to the major histocompatibility complex.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lambris JD, Müller-Eberhard HJ. Isolation and characterization of a 33,000-dalton fragment of complement Factor B with catalytic and C3b binding activity. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
8
|
Honey NK, Sakaguchi AY, Quinto C, MacDonald RJ, Bell GI, Craik C, Rutter WJ, Naylor SL. Chromosomal assignments of human genes for serine proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin B, and elastase. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1984; 10:369-76. [PMID: 6589790 DOI: 10.1007/bf01535632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The genes for the serine proteases trypsin, chymotrypsin B, and elastase were chromosomally assigned in man using cDNA probes that have been isolated from a rat pancreatic cDNA library. DNA from human X rodent somatic cell hybrids was cleaved with BamHI or EcoRI and analyzed by Southern filter hybridization methods for the segregation of the genes for trypsin-1 (TRY1), chymotrypsin B (CTRB), and elastase-1 (ELA1). TRY1 was assigned to human chromosome 7q22----qter, CTRB to chromosome 16, and ELA1 to chromosome 12. Although the three genes are members of the same gene family, they are dispersed over different chromosomes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mole JE, Anderson JK, Davison EA, Woods DE. Complete primary structure for the zymogen of human complement factor B. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
10
|
Kazatchkine MD, Jouvin MH. Interactions between the Alternative Complement Pathway and Proteases of the Coagulation System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1984; 167:235-9. [PMID: 6561912 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9355-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
11
|
Porter RR. The complement components of the major histocompatibility locus. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 16:1-19. [PMID: 6232112 DOI: 10.3109/10409238409102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism of complement components, recognized by differences in either their antigenic specificity or their electrophoretic mobility, together with studies of inherited deficiencies, has enabled many of their structural genes to be mapped. In humans, three genes (for C2, C4, and factor B) have been placed between HLA-D and HLA-B on chromosome 6 and in mice, C4 between H2-I and H2-D, chromosome 17. Structural studies show that these components have exceptional features. C2 and factor B which contain the proteolytic active site of the C3 and C5 convertases are of the classical and alternative pathway respectively and are similar in structure and function. Both are novel types of serine proteases. C4 (as C3) contains an intrachain thioester bond essential for hemolytic activity. Molecular genetic investigations are determining the relative positions of these genes, and their precise structure, and should clarify their relation to the inherited diseases which are associated with defects in this section of the human genome.
Collapse
|
12
|
Phylogenetic conservation of a class III major histocompatibility complex antigen, factor B. Isolation and nucleotide sequencing of mouse factor B cDNA clones. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
13
|
Fishelson Z, Pangburn MK, Müller-Eberhard HJ. C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway. Demonstration of an active, stable C3b, Bb (Ni) complex. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
14
|
Ikari N, Hitomi Y, Niinobe M, Fujii S. Studies on esterolytic activity of alternative complement component factor B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983; 742:318-23. [PMID: 6549902 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Lazure C, Dennis M, Rochemont J, Seidah NG, Chrétien M. Purification of radiolabeled and native polypeptides by gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1982; 125:406-14. [PMID: 6295204 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
16
|
Smith CA, Vogel CW, Müller-Eberhard HJ. Ultrastructure of cobra venom factor-dependent C3/C5 convertase and its zymogen, factor B of human complement. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
17
|
Vogel CW, Müller-Eberhard HJ. The cobra venom factor-dependent C3 convertase of human complement. A kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of a protease acting on its natural high molecular weight substrate. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
18
|
Niemann MA, Mole JE. Characterization of the CNBr peptides generated from the factor B cleavage fragments, Ba and Bb, by molecular exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. IMMUNOLOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS 1982; 11:47-58. [PMID: 6920359 DOI: 10.3109/08820138209050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified human factor B of the alternative complement pathway was treated with factor D in the presence of cobra venom factor to generate its Ba and Bb cleavage fragments. These cleavage fragments were isolated by preparative polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis followed by electrodialysis elution and treatment with CNBr. The resultant CNBr cleavage peptides were isolated by molecular exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results of these experiments indicate that the Ba fragment essentially consisted of a 28,000 CNBr peptide, whereas 34,700 (28,000 + 3,500 when characterized under reducing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions); 14,500 (=20,000); and 8,300 CNBr peptides were derived from the Bb fragment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lazure C, Seidah NG, Thibault G, Boucher R, Genest J, Chrétien M. Sequence homologies between tonin, nerve growth factor gamma-subunit, epidermal growth factor-binding protein and serine proteases. Nature 1981; 292:383-4. [PMID: 6265796 DOI: 10.1038/292383a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
20
|
Hewett-Emmett D, Czelusniak J, Goodman M. The evolutionary relationship of the enzymes involved in blood coagulation and hemostasis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981; 370:511-27. [PMID: 6455952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb29759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|