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Kretov DA, Folkes L, Mora-Martin A, Walawalkar IA, Imrat, Syedah N, Vanuytsel K, Moxon S, Murphy GJ, Cifuentes D. The miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis orchestrates chromatin organization during erythropoiesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3821. [PMID: 38714702 PMCID: PMC11076586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of stem and progenitor cells is a highly regulated process that involves the coordinated action of multiple layers of regulation. Here we show how the post-transcriptional regulatory layer instructs the level of chromatin regulation via miR-144 and its targets to orchestrate chromatin condensation during erythropoiesis. The loss of miR-144 leads to impaired chromatin condensation during erythrocyte maturation. Among the several targets of miR-144 that influence chromatin organization, the miR-144-dependent regulation of Hmgn2 is conserved from fish to humans. Our genetic probing of the miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis establish that intact miR-144 target sites in the Hmgn2 3'UTR are necessary for the proper maturation of erythrocytes in both zebrafish and human iPSC-derived erythroid cells while loss of Hmgn2 rescues in part the miR-144 null phenotype. Altogether, our results uncover miR-144 and its target Hmgn2 as the backbone of the genetic regulatory circuit that controls the terminal differentiation of erythrocytes in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Kretov
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leighton Folkes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Alexandra Mora-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isha A Walawalkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Imrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noreen Syedah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim Vanuytsel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Amyloidosis Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Moxon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - George J Murphy
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Cifuentes
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Kretov DA, Folkes L, Mora-Martin A, Syedah N, Walawalkar IA, Vanyustel K, Moxon S, Murphy GJ, Cifuentes D. The miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis orchestrates chromatin organization during erythropoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.18.549576. [PMID: 37503141 PMCID: PMC10370056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem and progenitor cells is a highly regulated process that involves the coordinated action of multiple layers of regulation. Here we show how the post-transcriptional regulatory layer instructs the level of chromatin regulation via miR-144 and its targets to orchestrate chromatin condensation during erythropoiesis. The loss of miR-144 leads to impaired chromatin condensation during erythrocyte maturation. Among the several targets of miR-144 that influence chromatin organization, the miR-144-dependent regulation of Hmgn2 is conserved from fish to humans. Our genetic probing of the miR-144/Hmgn2 regulatory axis established that intact miR-144 target sites in the Hmgn2 3'UTR are necessary for the proper maturation of erythrocytes in both zebrafish and human iPSC-derived erythroid cells while loss of Hmgn2 rescues in part the miR-144 null phenotype. Altogether, our results uncover miR-144 and its target Hmgn2 as the backbone of the genetic regulatory circuit that controls the terminal differentiation of erythrocytes in vertebrates.
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3
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Biological Functions of HMGN Chromosomal Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020449. [PMID: 31936777 PMCID: PMC7013550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin plays a key role in regulating gene expression programs necessary for the orderly progress of development and for preventing changes in cell identity that can lead to disease. The high mobility group N (HMGN) is a family of nucleosome binding proteins that preferentially binds to chromatin regulatory sites including enhancers and promoters. HMGN proteins are ubiquitously expressed in all vertebrate cells potentially affecting chromatin function and epigenetic regulation in multiple cell types. Here, we review studies aimed at elucidating the biological function of HMGN proteins, focusing on their possible role in vertebrate development and the etiology of disease. The data indicate that changes in HMGN levels lead to cell type-specific phenotypes, suggesting that HMGN optimize epigenetic processes necessary for maintaining cell identity and for proper execution of specific cellular functions. This manuscript contains tables that can be used as a comprehensive resource for all the English written manuscripts describing research aimed at elucidating the biological function of the HMGN protein family.
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4
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Wang X, Li J, Chen S, Shen X, Yang X, Teng Y, Deng L, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang X, Huang N. Knockdown of HMGN2 increases the internalization of Klebsiella pneumoniae by respiratory epithelial cells through the regulation of α5β1 integrin expression. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:737-46. [PMID: 27460641 PMCID: PMC4990306 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors, a large family of adhesion receptors, are involved in the attachment of Klebsiella pneumoniae to respiratory epithelial cells, and subsequently cause the internalization of K. pneumoniae by host cells. Although a number of molecules have been reported to regulate the expression and activity of integrin receptors in respiratory epithelial cells, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. High mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2 (HMGN2), a non-histone nuclear protein, is present in eukaryotic cells as a ubiquitous nuclear protein. Our previous studies have demonstrated that HMGN2 affects chromatin function and modulates the expression of antibacterial peptide in A549 cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide, which indicates the critical role of HMGN2 in innate immune responses. In addition, our cDNA microarray analysis suggested that HMGN2 knockdown induced the enhanced expression of α5β1 integrin in A549 cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that intercellular HMGN2 may mediate the internalization of K. pneumoniae by altering the expression of α5β1 integrin. Using the A549 cell line, we demonstrated that HMGN2 knockdown induced the increased expression of α5β1 integrin on cell membranes, which resulted in a significant increase in K. pneumoniae internalization. Further results revealed that HMGN2 silencing induced the expression of talin and the activation of α5β1 integrin, which led to actin polymerization following the phosphorylation of FAK and Src. This study suggests a possible therapeutic application for bacterial internalization by targeting HMGN2 in order to treat K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Teng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Luxia Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Unit of Infection and Immunity, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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5
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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6
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Masaoka A, Gassman NR, Kedar PS, Prasad R, Hou EW, Horton JK, Bustin M, Wilson SH. HMGN1 protein regulates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) self-PARylation in mouse fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27648-58. [PMID: 22736760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.370759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the nucleosome-binding protein HMGN1 (high mobility group N1) affects the structure and function of chromatin and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA. HMGN1 affects the interaction of DNA repair factors with chromatin and their access to damaged DNA; however, not all of the repair factors affected have been identified. Here, we report that HMGN1 affects the self-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (i.e., PARylation) of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a multifunctional and abundant nuclear enzyme known to recognize DNA lesions and promote chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and other nucleic acid transactions. The catalytic activity of PARP-1 is activated by DNA with a strand break, and this results in self-PARylation and PARylation of other chromatin proteins. Using cells obtained from Hmgn1(-/-) and Hmgn1(+/+) littermate mice, we find that in untreated cells, loss of HMGN1 protein reduces PARP-1 self-PARylation. A similar result was obtained after MMS treatment of these cells. In imaging experiments after low energy laser-induced DNA damage, less PARylation at lesion sites was observed in Hmgn1(-/-) than in Hmgn1(+/+) cells. The HMGN1 regulation of PARP-1 activity could be mediated by direct protein-protein interaction as HMGN1 and PARP-1 were found to interact in binding assays. Purified HMGN1 was able to stimulate self-PARylation of purified PARP-1, and in experiments with cell extracts, self-PARylation was greater in Hmgn1(+/+) than in Hmgn1(-/-) extract. The results suggest a regulatory role for HMGN1 in PARP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Masaoka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2233, USA
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7
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Uzun A, Rodriguez-Osorio N, Kaya A, Wang H, Parrish JJ, Ilyin VA, Memili E. Functional genomics of HMGN3a and SMARCAL1 in early mammalian embryogenesis. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:183. [PMID: 19393058 PMCID: PMC2684548 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic genome activation (EGA) is a critical event for the preimplantation embryo, which is manifested by changes in chromatin structure, transcriptional machinery, expression of embryonic genes, and degradation of maternal transcripts. The objectives of this study were to determine transcript abundance of HMGN3a and SMARCAL1 in mature bovine oocytes and early bovine embryos, to perform comparative functional genomics analysis of these genes across mammals. RESULTS New annotations of both HMGN3a and SMARCAL1 were submitted to the Bovine Genome Annotation Submission Database at BovineGenome.org. Careful analysis of the bovine SMARCAL1 consensus gene set for this protein (GLEAN_20241) showed that the NCBI protein contains sequencing errors, and that the actual bovine protein has a high degree of homology to the human protein. Our results showed that there was a high degree of structural conservation of HMGN3a and SMARCAL1 in the mammalian species studied. HMGN3a transcripts were present at similar levels in bovine matured oocytes and 2-4-cell embryos but at higher levels in 8-16-cell embryos, morulae and blastocysts. On the other hand, transcript levels of SMARCAL1 decreased throughout preimplantation development. CONCLUSION The high levels of structural conservation of these proteins highlight the importance of chromatin remodeling in the regulation of gene expression, particularly during early mammalian embryonic development. The greater similarities of human and bovine HMGN3a and SMARCAL1 proteins may suggest the cow as a valuable model to study chromatin remodeling at the onset of mammalian development. Understanding the roles of chromatin remodeling proteins during embryonic development emphasizes the importance of epigenetics and could shed light on the underlying mechanisms of early mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Uzun
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Furusawa T, Lim JH, Catez F, Birger Y, Mackem S, Bustin M. Down-regulation of nucleosomal binding protein HMGN1 expression during embryogenesis modulates Sox9 expression in chondrocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:592-604. [PMID: 16382150 PMCID: PMC1346905 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.2.592-604.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We find that during embryogenesis the expression of HMGN1, a nuclear protein that binds to nucleosomes and reduces the compaction of the chromatin fiber, is progressively down-regulated throughout the entire embryo, except in committed but continuously renewing cell types, such as the basal layer of the epithelium. In the developing limb bud, the expression of HMGN1 is complementary to Sox9, a master regulator of the chondrocyte lineage. In limb bud micromass cultures, which faithfully mimic in vivo chondrogenic differentiation, loss of HMGN1 accelerates differentiation. Expression of wild-type HMGN1, but not of a mutant HMGN1 that does not bind to chromatin, in Hmgn1-/- micromass cultures inhibits Sox9 expression and retards differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that HMGN1 binds to Sox9 chromatin in cells that are poised to express Sox9. Loss of HMGN1 elevates the amount of HMGN2 bound to Sox9, suggesting functional redundancy among these proteins. These findings suggest a role for HMGN1 in chromatin remodeling during embryogenesis and in the activation of Sox9 during chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Furusawa
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3122, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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9
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The role of HMGN proteins in chromatin function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(03)39006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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10
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Battista S, Pentimalli F, Baldassarre G, Fedele M, Fidanza V, Croce CM, Fusco A. Loss of Hmga1 gene function affects embryonic stem cell lympho-hematopoietic differentiation. FASEB J 2003; 17:1496-8. [PMID: 12824305 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0977fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
By interacting with transcription machinery, high-mobility group A 1 (HMGA1) proteins alter the chromatin structure and thereby regulate the transcriptional activity of several genes. To assess their role in development, we studied the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells that bear one or both disrupted Hmga1 alleles. Here, we report that Hmga1 null ES cells generate fewer T-cell precursors than do wild-type ES cells. Indeed, they preferentially differentiate to B cells, probably consequent to decreased interleukin 2 expression and increased interleukin 6 expression. Moreover, a lack of HMGA1 expression induces changes in hemopoietic differentiation, i.e., a reduced monocyte/macrophage population and an increase in megakaryocyte precursor numbers, erythropoiesis, and globin gene expression. Re-expression of the Hmga1 gene in Hmga1 null ES cells restores the wild-type phenotype. The effect on megakaryocyte/erythrocyte lineages seems, at least in part, mediated by the GATA-1 transcription factor, a key regulator of red blood cell differentiation. In fact, we found that Hmga1-/- ES cells overexpress GATA-1 and that HMGA1 proteins directly control GATA-1 transcription. Taken together, these data indicate that HMGA1 proteins play a prime role in lymphohematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Battista
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare c/o Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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11
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Abstract
The high mobility group N (HMGN) proteins are a family of nuclear proteins that binds to nucleosomes, changes the architecture of chromatin, and enhances transcription and replication from chromatin templates. The intracellular organization of the HMGN (previously known as HMG-14/17) proteins is dynamic and is related to both cell-cycle and transcriptional events. These proteins roam the nucleus, perhaps as part of multiprotein complexes, and their target interactions are modulated by posttranslational modifications. Functional studies on HMGN proteins provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which structural proteins affect DNA-dependent activities in the context of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bustin
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Stopka T, Zakova D, Fuchs O, Kubrova O, Blafkova J, Jelinek J, Necas E, Zivny J. Chromatin remodeling gene SMARCA5 is dysregulated in primitive hematopoietic cells of acute leukemia. Leukemia 2000; 14:1247-52. [PMID: 10914549 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We identified a subset of genes involved in chromatin remodeling whose mRNA expression changes in differentiating mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. We furthermore tested their mRNA expression patterns in normal and malignant CD34+ bone marrow cells. SMARCA5, imitation switch gene homologue, was rapidly silenced during in vitro erythroid differentiation of MEL cells whereas it was up-regulated in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Moreover, SMARCA5 mRNA levels decreased in AML CD34+ progenitors after the patients achieved complete hematologic remission. We detected high levels of SMARCA5 mRNA in murine bone marrow and spleen and monitored its expression in these hematopoietic tissues during accelerated hematopoiesis following hemolytic anemia induced by phenylhydrazine. SMARCA5 expression levels decreased after the onset of accelerated erythropoiesis. Our data suggest that both in vitro and in vivo induction of differentiation is followed by down-regulation of SMARCA5 expression. In CD34+ AML progenitors over-expression of SMARCA5 may thus dysregulate the genetic program required for normal differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Anemia, Hemolytic/chemically induced
- Anemia, Hemolytic/metabolism
- Anemia, Hemolytic/pathology
- Animals
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Chromatin/metabolism
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/biosynthesis
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/metabolism
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- High Mobility Group Proteins/biosynthesis
- High Mobility Group Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Phenylhydrazines/toxicity
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/pathology
- Subtraction Technique
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stopka
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion and Department of Pathophysiology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Chase MB, Haga SB, Hankins WD, Williams DM, Bi Z, Strovel JW, Obriecht C, Berg PE. Binding of HMG-I(Y) elicits structural changes in a silencer of the human beta-globin gene. Am J Hematol 1999; 60:27-35. [PMID: 9883803 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199901)60:1<27::aid-ajh6>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proteins involved in repression of the human beta-globin gene may be useful in the treatment of sickle cell anemia, in conjunction with therapy to reactivate fetal globin genes. If there is a reciprocal elevation of gamma-globin expression upon repression, this approach could be useful in additional hemoglobinopathies. We previously showed that repression of the beta-globin gene appears to be mediated through two DNA sequences, silencers I and II, and identified a protein termed BP1 which binds to both silencer sequences. In this study, we cloned two cDNAs encoding proteins which bind to an oligonucleotide in silencer I containing a BP1 binding site. These cDNAs correspond to HMG-I and HMG-Y, isoforms regarded as architectural proteins. We demonstrate that binding of HMG-I(Y) to this oligonucleotide causes bending/flexure of the DNA. HMG-I(Y) also binds to a second oligonucleotide containing a BP1 binding site located in a negative control region upstream of the delta-globin gene, suggesting a role for HMG-I(Y) in repression of adult globin genes. Expression studies revealed that HMG-I(Y) is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues that do not express beta-globin, being present in 48 of 50 tissues and six hematopoietic cell lines examined. Furthermore, HMG-I(Y) expression is down-regulated during differentiation of primary erythroid cells. We present a model in which HMG-I(Y) alters DNA conformation to allow binding of repressor proteins, and in which the relative amount of HMG-I(Y) helps to determine the repressive state of the beta-globin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Chase
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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14
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Bustin M, Reeves R. High-mobility-group chromosomal proteins: architectural components that facilitate chromatin function. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1996; 54:35-100. [PMID: 8768072 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Bustin
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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15
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Pauken CM, Nagle DL, Bucan M, Lo CW. Molecular cloning, expression analysis, and chromosomal localization of mouse Hmg1-containing sequences. Mamm Genome 1994; 5:91-9. [PMID: 8180479 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We isolated clones encoding the mouse high-mobility-group (Hmg) chromatin protein, Hmg1, from a 7.5-day mouse embryo cDNA library. The translated amino acid sequence encodes a protein of 24,890 daltons and is identical to previously characterized mouse, rat, and hamster Hmg1. However, comparison of the two mouse Hmg1 cDNA sequences revealed nine sequence alterations. This observation, together with the finding of a complex pattern of hybridizing bands in genomic Southern analysis, suggests that mouse Hmg1 is encoded by a multigene family. The expression of Hmg1 was examined by Northern analysis of RNA isolated from the early mouse embryo and revealed a predominant 1.5-kb transcript in conjunction with low levels of a 2.5-kb transcript. Further analysis of mouse embryos by in situ hybridization showed that Hmg1 transcripts are expressed in high abundance during early mouse embryogenesis. As development progresses, Hmg1 transcript abundance is modulated in a spatially restricted and developmentally regulated manner. Chromosomal localization with recombinant inbred strains revealed that Hmg1-related sequences are widely dispersed in the mouse genome. Here we also report the mapping of six Hmg1 loci to mouse Chromosomes (Chrs) 10, 13, 16, and 17.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Pauken
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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16
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Zheng CC, Bui AQ, O'Neill SD. Abundance of an mRNA encoding a high mobility group DNA-binding protein is regulated by light and an endogenous rhythm. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 23:813-823. [PMID: 8251634 DOI: 10.1007/bf00021536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding an HMG1 protein from Pharbitis nil was characterized with regard to its sequence, genomic organization and regulation in response to photoperiodic treatments that control floral induction. The HMG1 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 432 nucleotides encoding a 144 amino acid protein of approximately 16 kDa. The predicted polypeptide has the characteristic conserved motifs of the HMG1 and HMG2 class of proteins including an N-terminal basic region, one of two HMG-box domains, and a polyacidic carboxy terminus. Within the HMG-box region, Pharbitis HMG1 deduced amino acid sequence shares 47%, 67% and 69% identity with its animal, maize, and soybean counterparts, respectively. Southern blot hybridization analysis suggests that HMG1 is a member of a multigene family. Analysis of mRNA abundance indicates that the HMG1 gene is expressed to higher levels in dark-grown tissue, such as roots, and at lower levels in light-grown tissue, such as cotyledons and stems. Following the transition to darkness, the levels of HMG1 mRNA in cotyledons were initially stable, however, after a lag time of 8 h or more, HMG1 mRNA increased in abundance to a peak level at 20 h. A second peak in mRNA levels was observed about 24 h later, indicating that the expression of the HMG1 gene is regulated by an endogenous circadian rhythm. Abundance of the HMG1 mRNA during a dark period was dramatically affected by brief light exposure (night break), a treatment which inhibits floral induction. These data indicate that the expression of HMG1 is regulated by both an endogenous rhythm and the light/dark cycle and are consistent with a role for HMG1 in maintaining patterns of circadian-regulated gene expression activated upon the transition from light to darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Zheng
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at Davis 95616
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17
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Aberrant expression of high mobility group chromosomal protein 14 affects cellular differentiation. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Shakoori AR, Owen TA, Shalhoub V, Stein JL, Bustin M, Stein GS, Lian JB. Differential expression of the chromosomal high mobility group proteins 14 and 17 during the onset of differentiation in mammalian osteoblasts and promyelocytic leukemia cells. J Cell Biochem 1993; 51:479-87. [PMID: 8496248 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.2400510413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The expression of chromosomal proteins HMG 14 and HMG 17 during proliferation and differentiation into the osteoblast and monocyte phenotypes was studied. Cellular levels of HMG 14 and HMG 17 mRNA were assayed in primary cultures of calvarial-derived rat osteoblasts under conditions that: (1) support complete expression of the mature osteocytic phenotype and development of a bone tissue-like organization; and (2) where development of osteocytic phenotypic properties are both delayed and reduced in extent of expression. HMG 14 and HMG 17 are preferentially expressed in proliferating osteoblasts and decline to basal levels post-proliferatively at the onset of extracellular matrix mineralization. In contrast, under conditions that are not conducive to extracellular matrix mineralization, HMG 14 is maximally expressed following the downregulation of proliferation. Consistent with previous reports by Bustin and co-workers [Crippa et al., 1990], HMG 14 and HMG 17 are expressed in proliferating HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells and downregulated post-proliferatively following phorbol ester-induced monocytic differentiation. However, differentiation into the monocyte phenotype is accompanied by reinitiation of HMG 17 gene expression. The results indicate that the levels of HMG 14 and HMG 17 mRNA are selectively down-regulated during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Shakoori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655
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19
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Oka T, Sasakawa T, Komori N, Miyamoto K, Suzuki I, Sassa T, Natori Y. Developmental changes in the expression of HMG 2a protein. FEBS Lett 1993; 316:20-2. [PMID: 8422934 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81728-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The levels of HMG 2a chromosomal protein and its mRNA change during the post-hatched development of chicks were investigated. The contents of both HMG 2a and 2b proteins of liver, heart, brain, muscle and gizzard were abundant in the newly hatched chicks but their contents decreased significantly in those tissues of the 70-day-old chicks. The HMG 2a mRNA levels of liver, heart and brain in 70-day-old chick decreased to about 40% of those mRNA in the newly hatched chicks while the HMG 2a mRNA levels of muscle and gizzard in the 70-day-old chicks increased 5- and 3-fold, respectively. These results suggest that the decrease in the HMG 2a protein contents of the muscle and gizzard in the 70-day-old chicks may be largely due to the stimulation of HMG 2a protein degradation or the reduction of HMG 2a mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oka
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan
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