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Suresh V, Byers K, Rajesh UC, Caiazza F, Zhu G, Craik CS, Kirkwood K, Davisson VJ, Sheik DA. Translation of a Protease Turnover Assay for Clinical Discrimination of Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061343. [PMID: 35741154 PMCID: PMC9222202 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of pancreatic cyst fluids can provide a basis for the early detection of pancreatic cancer while eliminating unnecessary procedures. A candidate biomarker, gastricsin (pepsin C), was found to be present in potentially malignant mucinous pancreatic cyst fluids. A gastricsin activity assay using a magnetic bead-based platform has been developed using immobilized peptide substrates selective for gastricsin bearing a dimeric rhodamine dye. The unique dye structure allows quantitation of enzyme-cleaved product by both fluorescence and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The performance of this assay was compared with ELISA assays of pepsinogen C and the standard of care, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in the same clinical sample cohort. A retrospective cohort of mucinous (n = 40) and non-mucinous (n = 29) classes of pancreatic cyst fluid samples were analyzed using the new protease activity assay. For both assay detection modes, successful differentiation of mucinous and non-mucinous cyst fluid was achieved using 1 µL clinical samples. The activity-based assays in combination with CEA exhibit optimal sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 93%, respectively. The use of this gastricsin activity assay requires a minimal volume of clinical specimen, offers a rapid assay time, and shows improvements in the differentiation of mucinous and non-mucinous cysts using an accurate standardized readout of product formation, all without interfering with the clinical standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallabh Suresh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (V.S.); (V.J.D.)
| | - Kaleb Byers
- Amplified Sciences, Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (K.B.); (U.C.R.)
| | | | - Francesco Caiazza
- Alaunus Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94107, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Gina Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (G.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Kimberly Kirkwood
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (G.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Vincent Jo Davisson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (V.S.); (V.J.D.)
- Amplified Sciences, Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (K.B.); (U.C.R.)
| | - Daniel A. Sheik
- Amplified Sciences, Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (K.B.); (U.C.R.)
- Correspondence:
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López-Alonso JP, Diez-García F, Font J, Ribó M, Vilanova M, Scholtz JM, González C, Vottariello F, Gotte G, Libonati M, Laurents DV. Carbodiimide EDC Induces Cross-Links That Stabilize RNase A C-Dimer against Dissociation: EDC Adducts Can Affect Protein Net Charge, Conformation, and Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1459-73. [DOI: 10.1021/bc9001486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge P. López-Alonso
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Fernando Diez-García
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Josep Font
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Marc Ribó
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - J. Martin Scholtz
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Carlos González
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Francesca Vottariello
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Giovanni Gotte
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Massimo Libonati
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
| | - Douglas V. Laurents
- Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano” (C.S.I.C.), Serrano 119, E-28006, Madrid, Spain, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134, Verona, Italy, Laboratori d’Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biología, Facultad de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain, and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College
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