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Zhou D, You J, Li QY, Li HZ, Wu WF, Zhang XD, Zhang JH, Tang SS, Wang YK, Liu T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel structure-related hGHRH agonistic analogs. Growth Factors 2015; 33:160-8. [PMID: 25798996 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2015.1010644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Activity and half-life play key roles in the application of GHRH analogues. The GHRH monomers produced in a solid synthesizer were incubated, respectively, in NH4OH solution and lyophilized to obtain their dimers. The activities, specificities, and receptor affinities of the GHRH dimers were evaluated in rGH release/inhibition, rACTH/LH/PRL release, pituitary homogenate binding, and fluorescent staining. Compared to hGHRH(1-44)NH2 (S), PP-hGHRH(1-44)-GGC-CGG-hGHRH(44-1)-PP (2D), P-hGHRH(1-44)-GGC-CGG-hGHRH(44-1)-P (2E), (1)P-hGHRH(2-44)-GGC-CGG-hGHRH(44-2)-(1)P (2F), or hGHRH(1-44)-GGC-CGG-hGHRH(44-1) (2Y) had potency of 104 ± 16.7%, 94 ± 32.6%, 114 ± 16.6%, or 122 ± 14.5% and similar specificities. The inhibition effect of GHIH on rGH stimulated by GHRH dimer was in dose-/time-dependent manner. The staining of FITC-labeled dimer showed cytomembrane distribution and the binding ranking was 2F>2D>2Y>2E>S. 2F presents the strongest activity and the highest affinity to pituitary cells. The dimer with (1)Pro-GHRH stimulates stronger rGH release than that with (1)Tyr-GHRH and the N-terminal single cyclic amino acid is required for the stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou , China
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Qi KK, Wu J, Xu ZW. Effects of PEGylated porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 therapy in weaning piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Peptides 2014; 58:7-13. [PMID: 24874708 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of polyethylene glycosylated porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 (pGLP-2), a long-acting form of pGLP-2, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Eighteen 21-day-old weaning piglets were randomly assigned into three groups: control (saline solution), LPS (100 μg/kg LPS), and PEG-pGLP-2 (10 nmol/kg PEG-pGLP-2+100 μg/kg LPS). All treatments were administered intraperitoneally. Compared with the control treatment, LPS treatment significantly decreased (P<0.05) the villus heights of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as the villus height/crypt depth ratio of the jejunum. However, PEG-pGLP-2 therapy reduced these effects (P>0.05). Specifically, PEG-pGLP-2 infusion significantly increased the villus height/crypt depth ratio of the duodenum (P<0.05) compared with LPS treatment. Compared with the control treatment, LPS treatment significantly increased (P<0.05) the mRNA expression levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the jejunum. However, PEG-pGLP-2 therapy reduced these effects (P<0.05). Specifically, PEG-pGLP-2 infusion significantly decreased (P<0.05) the mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and TNF-α in the duodenum and jejunum, IL-10 in the duodenum, and IFN-γ in the jejunum compared with the LPS treatment. LPS treatment increased the caspase-3 activity of the ileum mucosal (P<0.05), and this effect was significantly reduced by PEG-pGLP-2 treatment. These results indicate that PEG-pGLP-2 infusion alleviates the severity of intestinal injury in weaning piglets by reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the caspase-3 activity, and increasing the villus height/crypt depth ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-ke Qi
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-wei Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China.
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Qi KK, Wu J, Wan J, Men XM, Xu ZW. Purified PEGylated porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 reduces the severity of colonic injury in a murine model of experimental colitis. Peptides 2014; 52:11-8. [PMID: 24274971 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid degradation of porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 (pGLP-2) by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is the main impediment in the development of pGLP-2 as a potential therapeutic agent for intestinal dysfunction and damage. In this study, one mono-modified Lys(30)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-pGLP-2 was prepared using mPEG-succinimidyl propionate. To determine the optimized condition for PEGylation, the reactions were monitored by RP-HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS. Stability was tested in purified DPP-IV in vitro. In vivo, the protective effects for colonic injury were measured in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The monoPEGylated products reached the maximum yield at 4:1 ratio of mPEG5k-SPA to pGLP-2. An effective method of successfully separating PEGylated pGLP-2 from mPEG-SPA5kD using CM Sepharose Fast Flow resin was established. The half-life of Lys(30)-PEG-pGLP-2 was 16-fold longer than that of pGLP-2 in DPP-IV. The DSS mice exhibited marked weight loss), which was significantly reduced by Lys(30)-PEG-pGLP-2 therapy. DSS treatment significantly increased colonic damage score, which was significantly reduced by administration of Lys(30)-PEG-pGLP-2 in DSS-mice. DSS-induced colitis clearly induced Myeloperoxidase activity in the colon, which was significantly reduced by treatments with 3% DSS-pGLP-2 or 3% DSS-PEG-pGLP-2. These results showed that site-specific Lys(30)-PEG-GLP-2 was resistant to degradation and reduced the severity of colonic injury in murine colitis. The enhanced biological potency of this product highlighted its potential as a therapeutic agent for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-ke Qi
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiao-ming Men
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zi-wei Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Mono-PEGylated radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:629-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhai Y, Zhou W, Wei W, Qu J, Lei J, Su Z, Ma G. Functional gigaporous polystyrene microspheres facilitating separation of poly(ethylene glycol)–protein conjugate. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 712:152-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Lin X, Wang ZJ, Huang F, Liang S, Shen L, Feng Y, Ruan KF. Long-circulating delivery of bioactive polysaccharide from radix ophiopogonis by PEGylation. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2865-72. [PMID: 22131832 PMCID: PMC3224713 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) has been found to be effective against myocardial ischemia. One of main problems with its use is its short in-vivo half-life, which makes the development of an effective delivery system necessary. To achieve better therapeutic effects and patient compliance by prolonging its retention in plasma and increasing its distribution in targets, ROP was PEGylated (PEG, polyethylene glycol) in this study. Methods Through a moderate coupling reaction between hydroxyl-activated ROP and amino-terminated methoxy-PEG (mPEG) (30 or 40 kDa), together with a greater than 1 molar ratio of ROP to mPEG in reaction, long-circulating and potentially bioactive PEGylated ROPs, with PEG grafting number of ~1.0, were prepared, characterized, and the pharmacokinetics evaluated. Results Relative to ROP, whose half-life was approximately 0.7 hours, the two conjugates prepared, following intravenous administration, showed markedly prolonged retention in systemic circulation with half-lives in blood of 78.4 and 88.3 hours, respectively. When given subcutaneously, their in-vivo mean residence times were further markedly prolonged by the slow absorption phase. They were found to be well absorbed after subcutaneous administration, with absolute bioavailability being 75.4% and 43.9%, respectively. Conclusion With apparent molecular masses not exceeding 43 kDa, the conjugates prepared have been and will be demonstrated to have prominent advantages for ROP delivery, such as: the good absorption following subcutaneous, intramuscular, or other ways of administration; the effective utilization of the enhanced permeability and retention effect caused by ischemia; and the rapid diffusion within target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Fee CJ, Van Alstine JM. Purification of PEGylated Proteins. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2011; 54:339-62. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ruanjaikaen K, Zydney AL. Purification of singly PEGylated α-lactalbumin using charged ultrafiltration membranes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 108:822-9. [PMID: 21404256 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges in producing a PEGylated therapeutic protein is that the PEGylation reaction typically generates a mixture of both singly and multiply PEGylated species. The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of using ultrafiltration for the purification of a singly PEGylated protein from the multiply PEGylated conjugates. Data were obtained with α-lactalbumin that was PEGylated with a 20 kDa activated PEG, with the ultrafiltration performed over a range of pH and ionic strength using both unmodified and negatively charged composite regenerated cellulose membranes. Purification of the singly PEGylated α-lactalbumin from the multiply PEGylated species was accomplished using a diafiltration process with a negatively charged membrane at pH 5 and an ionic strength of 0.4 mM, conditions that maximized the electrostatic exclusion of the multiply PEGylated species from the charged membrane. The diafiltration process provided more than 97% yield with greater than 20-fold purification between the singly and doubly PEGylated proteins and nearly complete removal of the more heavily PEGylated species. The singly PEGylated α-lactalbumin was recovered as a dilute filtrate solution, although this dilution could be eliminated using a cascade filtration or the final product could be re-concentrated in a second ultrafiltration as part of the final formulation. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using ultrafiltration for the purification of singly PEGylated protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisada Ruanjaikaen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Abstract
N-terminus-specific PEGylation was used to produce mono-PEGylated lysozyme. However, some di- and tri-PEGylated proteins were also produced due to side chain reaction. The reaction products were characterized by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. Commercial cation exchange membrane Sartobind S was used for chromatographic purification of PEGylated lysozyme, the basis of separation being the shielding of protein charge by PEG. Using the membrane chromatographic method, lysozyme and mono-, di-, and tri-PEGylated lysozyme could be resolved into separate peaks. Increasing the superficial velocity during chromatographic separation from 24 cm/h to 240 cm/h increased both protein binding capacity and resolution due to enhancement of protein mass transfer coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Fractionation of different PEGylated forms of a protein by chromatography using environment-responsive membranes. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5595-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tang SS, Du MH, Zhang JH, Kong X, Liu JJ. Structure and function relationships of three novel hGHRH-GGC analogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 159:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhu S, Wu L, Dou H, Yin C. Synthesis and Chromatographic Separation of Monomethoxypolyethylene Glycol Modified Insulin. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390601120607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tang SS, Du MH, Zhang XW, Zhang JH, Kong X, Wu J, Liu JJ. Study on the constructions and activities of three novel hGHRH analogs with N-terminal prolyl modulation+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 133:20-6. [PMID: 16260050 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone releasing hormone is one of the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus. Because of its potential applications in agriculture and medicine, its short half-life and its expensive chemical synthesis, an analog with high GHRH activity and prolonged half-life has been looked for. The fusion partner gene with 127 amino acid residues of the C-terminus from L-asparaginase was recombined respectively with asp-pro-pro-hGHRH(1-44), asp-pro-hGHRH(1-44) or asp-1pro-GHRH(2-44) genes synthesized by PCR method to form three kinds of fusion proteins with unique acid labile linker Asp-Pro. The Pro-Pro-hGHRH(1-44), Pro-hGHRH(1-44), and 1Pro-GHRH(2-44) peptides were purified to homogeneity by means of cell disruption, washing of inclusion body, ethanol fraction precipitation, acid hydrolysis, SP-Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-10 column chromatography. The peptide molecular mass of 5235, 5139 or 4975 Da was determined by ESI mass spectroscopy and purity was determined by SDS-PAGE. In the study of in vitro activity, the antiserum kit against human GH and peptide doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 10 microg/ml were used. These peptides obviously increased GH releases both from human pituitary and from rat pituitary. The activity comparisons showed that there was significant difference between Pro-Pro-hGHRH(1-44)-Gly-Gly-Cys and Pro-Pro-hGHRH(1-44) at 1.0 microg/ml, or between 1Pro-hGHRH(2-44) and Pro-Pro-hGHRH(1-44) or Pro-hGHRH(1-44) at 10 microg/ml. The structure-activity relationships showed that at the original C-terminus, for rat pituitary the activity of the GHRH analog with 1Tyr-->Pro was more than that of Pro-Pro-hGHRH(1-44) or Pro-hGHRH(1-44). The results showed that the analogs had good GH-releasing activity and species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Shan Tang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong [corrected] China
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Pasut G, Veronese FM. PEGylation of Proteins as Tailored Chemistry for Optimized Bioconjugates. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/12_022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Youn YS, Na DH, Yoo SD, Song SC, Lee KC. Chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification of positional isomers of polyethylene glycol-modified growth hormone-releasing factor (1-29). J Chromatogr A 2004; 1061:45-9. [PMID: 15633743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A one-step chromatographic method capable of separating all isomers of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) (1-29) conjugates was developed. The unmodified GRF (1-29) and seven different isomers of PEG-GRF (1-29) conjugates were separated by using a simple reversed-phase HPLC method depending on the differences of hydrophobicity due to the number and site of PEG attachment. The PEGylation sites of all isomers of PEG-GRF (1-29) conjugates were identified by determining the molecular masses of the Lys-C digested fragments with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This study is a first report for the separation of all PEG-conjugate isomers and would be useful for further studies to find the promising conjugate by evaluating biological activity and stability of each isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seok Youn
- Drug Targeting Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, 300 Chonchon-dong, Jangan-ku, Suwon City 440-746, South Korea
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