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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Cheng J. Rapid Analysis of Seven Polyamines in Nephotettix cincticeps by Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2024; 2024:3302455. [PMID: 38881834 PMCID: PMC11178422 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3302455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A fast, simple, and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of seven polyamines in Nephotettix cincticeps was developed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-3Q-MS) together with liquid phase extraction. Polyamines in insect samples were extracted with HClO4 solution and then were separated and detected by UPLC-3Q-MS, which was equipped with a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column, within 5 min without any derivatization procedure. The method has been successfully used to detect 7 polyamines in healthy and difluormethylornithine-treated adults of Nephotettix cincticeps with a method limit of detection and the method limit of quantitation of 24-139 pg/mg and 82-464 pg/mg, respectively, an intraday and interday relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) of 1.97-6.00% and 2.08-5.92% respectively, and a recovery of 86-115%. The success of this study provided a reliable method for the rapid and high-throughput detection of polyamines in the insect sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing 350300, China
| | | | - Zongwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection and Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jintian Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing 350300, China
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2
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Li WX, Chen JX, Zhang CC, Luo MS, Zhang WQ. Functional analysis of Ornithine decarboxylase in manipulating the wing dimorphism in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 152:104587. [PMID: 38043786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), a major insect pest of rice, can make a shift in wing dimorphism to adapt to complex external environments. Our previous study showed that NlODC (Ornithine decarboxylase in N. lugens) was involved in wing dimorphism of the brown planthopper. Here, further experiments were conducted to reveal possible molecular mechanism of NlODC in manipulating the wing dimorphism. We found that the long-winged rate (LWR) of BPH was significantly reduced after RNAi of NlODC or injection of DFMO (D, L-α-Difluoromethylornithine), and LWR of males and females significantly decreased by 21.7% and 34.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, we also examined the contents of three polyamines under DFMO treatment and found that the contents of putrescine and spermidine were significantly lower compared to the control. After 3rd instar nymphs were injected with putrescine and spermidine, LWR was increased significantly in both cases, and putrescine was a little bit more effective, with 5.6% increase in males and 11.4% in females. Three days after injection of dsNlODC, injection of putrescine and spermidine rescued LWR to the normal levels. In the regulation of wing differentiation in BPH, NlODC mutually antagonistic to NlAkt may act through other signaling pathways rather than the classical insulin signaling pathway. This study illuminated a physiological function of an ODC gene involved in wing differentiation in insects, which could be a potential target for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Min-Shi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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3
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Shahtousi S, Talaee L. The effect of spermine on Tetranychus urticae-Cucumis sativus interaction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:575. [PMID: 37978429 PMCID: PMC10655325 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important plant pests in the world. Due to increased resistance of mites to acaricides, it is necessary to use other methods such as inducing resistance in plants by natural compounds for pests' management. Polyamins such as spermine are effective in increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. In this research, the effect of spermine treatments in cucumber plants on life table parameters of T. urticae was investigated. Also, top-down effect of spermine and T. urticae on cucumber biochemical parameters was measured. In the experiments, 1, 2 and 3 mM spermine concentrations were used. RESULTS Amongst the spermine treatments, those mites that fed on cucumbers which received 1 mM spermine showed the shortest protonymphal period and higher ovipositon period, fecundity, gross and net reproductive rates and life expectancy compare to control. Treatment with 2 mM spermine lead to the longest teleochrysalis period and shortest range of age-stage-specific fecundity period. In addition, 2 mM spermine lowered intrinsic and finite rate of population increase in T. urticae. The longest larval period of T. urticae was observed in 3 mM spermine. Feeding of T. urticae from cucumber plants increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte leakage (EL) level and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity but inhibited catalase (CAT) activity in this plant. Infested cucumber plants treated with 2 mM spermine showed lower H2O2 and MDA content and highest activity of APX and CAT on day 1 and 3 compare to the others. The 3 mM spermine increased H2O2 content in infested plants during the whole experiment as well as non-infested plants in day 5 and 9 only. This treatment induced the highest MDA content and lowest catalase activity on day1, 3 and 5 of experiment in infested plants. CONCLUSION This study showed that 2 mM spermine was the only effective concentration that reduce cucumber sensitivity to T. urticae. The trend of changes in biochemical parameters, especially H2O2, in 3 mM spermine was abnormal, and this concentration could be considered toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahtousi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ladan Talaee
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
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Đorđievski S, Vukašinović EL, Čelić TV, Pihler I, Kebert M, Kojić D, Purać J. Spermidine dietary supplementation and polyamines level in reference to survival and lifespan of honey bees. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4329. [PMID: 36922548 PMCID: PMC10017671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bee health has been an important and ongoing topic in recent years. Honey bee is also an important model organism for aging studies. Polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are ubiquitous polycations, involved in a wide range of cellular processes such as cell growth, gene regulation, immunity, and regulation of lifespan. Spermidine, named longevity elixir, has been most analysed in the context of aging. One of the several proposed mechanisms behind spermidine actions is antioxidative activity. In present study we showed that dietary spermidine supplementation: (a) improved survival, (b) increased the average lifespan, (c) influenced the content of endogenous polyamines by increasing the level of putrescine and spermidine and decreasing the level of spermine, (d) reduced oxidative stress (MDA level), (e) increased the antioxidant capacity of the organism (FRAP), (f) increased relative gene expression of five genes involved in polyamine metabolism, and (g) upregulated vitellogenin gene in honey bees. To our knowledge, this is the first study on honey bee polyamine levels in reference to their longevity. These results provide important information on possible strategies for improving honey bee health by introducing spermidine into their diet. Here, we offer spermidine concentrations that could be considered for that purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srđana Đorđievski
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Elvira L Vukašinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana V Čelić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pihler
- Departmnent of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marko Kebert
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kojić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Purać
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Isoe J, Petchampai N, Joseph V, Scaraffia PY. Ornithine decarboxylase deficiency critically impairs nitrogen metabolism and survival in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22279. [PMID: 35344219 PMCID: PMC8969881 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200008r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to putrescine, the rate-limiting first step for de novo polyamine biosynthesis. Previously, we reported that genetic knockdown of xanthine dehydrogenase 1 (XDH1)-a gene encoding the enzyme involved in the last two steps of uric acid synthesis-causes an increase in ODC transcript levels in fat body of blood-fed Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, suggesting a crosstalk at molecular level between XDH1 and ODC during nitrogen disposal. To further investigate the role of ODC in nitrogen metabolism, we conducted several biochemical and genetic analyses in sugar- and blood-fed A. aegypti females. Distinct ODC gene and protein expression patterns were observed in mosquito tissues dissected during the first gonotrophic cycle. Both pharmacological and RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ODC negatively impacted mosquito survival, disrupted nitrogen waste disposal, delayed oviposition onset, and decreased fecundity in vitellogenic blood-fed females. A lag in the expression of two major digestive serine proteases, a reduction of blood meal digestion in the midgut, and a decrease in vitellogenin yolk protein uptake in ovarian follicles were observed by western blots in ODC-deficient females. Moreover, genetic silencing of ODC showed a broad transcriptional modulation of genes encoding proteins involved in multiple metabolic pathways in mosquito fat body, midgut, and Malpighian tubules prior to and after blood feeding. All together, these data demonstrate that ODC plays an essential role in mosquito metabolism, and that ODC crosstalks with multiple genes and proteins to prevent deadly nitrogen perturbations in A. aegypti females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Isoe
- Department of Entomology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Natthida Petchampai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vena Joseph
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patricia Y Scaraffia
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Mosquera KD, Martinez Villegas LE, Pidot SJ, Sharif C, Klimpel S, Stinear TP, Moreira LA, Tobias NJ, Lorenzo MG. Multi-Omic Analysis of Symbiotic Bacteria Associated With Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703711. [PMID: 34475861 PMCID: PMC8406634 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito breeding sites are complex aquatic environments with wide microbial diversity and physicochemical parameters that can change over time during the development of immature insect stages. Changes in biotic and abiotic conditions in water can alter life-history traits of adult mosquitos but this area remains understudied. Here, using microbial genomic and metabolomics analyses, we explored the metabolites associated with Aedes aegypti breeding sites as well as the potential contribution of Klebsiella sp., symbiotic bacteria highly associated with mosquitoes. We sought to address whether breeding sites have a signature metabolic profile and understand the metabolite contribution of the bacteria in the aquatic niches where Ae. aegypti larvae develop. An analysis of 32 mosquito-associated bacterial genomes, including Klebsiella, allowed us to identify gene clusters involved in primary metabolic pathways. From them, we inferred metabolites that could impact larval development (e.g., spermidine), as well as influence the quality assessment of a breeding site by a gravid female (e.g., putrescine), if produced by bacteria in the water. We also detected significant variance in metabolite presence profiles between water samples representing a decoupled oviposition event (oviposition by single females and manually deposited eggs) versus a control where no mosquito interactions occurred (PERMANOVA: p < 0.05; R2 = 24.64% and R2 = 30.07%). Five Klebsiella metabolites were exclusively linked to water samples where oviposition and development occurred. These data suggest metabolomics can be applied to identify compounds potentially used by female Ae. aegypti to evaluate the quality of a breeding site. Elucidating the physiological mechanisms by which the females could integrate these sensory cues while ovipositing constitutes a growing field of interest, which could benefit from a more depurated list of candidate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Mosquera
- Vector Behavior and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luis E Martinez Villegas
- Vector Behavior and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Mosquito Vectors: Endosymbionts and Pathogen-Vector Interactions Group, Instituto Ren Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sacha J Pidot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinhda Sharif
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luciano A Moreira
- Mosquito Vectors: Endosymbionts and Pathogen-Vector Interactions Group, Instituto Ren Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J Tobias
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcelo G Lorenzo
- Vector Behavior and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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7
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Gregoriou ME, Reczko M, Kakani EG, Tsoumani KT, Mathiopoulos KD. Decoding the Reproductive System of the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:355. [PMID: 33670896 PMCID: PMC7997189 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most diploid organisms, mating is a prerequisite for reproduction and, thus, critical to the maintenance of their population and the perpetuation of the species. Besides the importance of understanding the fundamentals of reproduction, targeting the reproductive success of a pest insect is also a promising method for its control, as a possible manipulation of the reproductive system could affect its destructive activity. Here, we used an integrated approach for the elucidation of the reproductive system and mating procedures of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae. Initially, we performed a RNAseq analysis in reproductive tissues of virgin and mated insects. A comparison of the transcriptomes resulted in the identification of genes that are differentially expressed after mating. Functional annotation of the genes showed an alteration in the metabolic, catalytic, and cellular processes after mating. Moreover, a functional analysis through RNAi silencing of two differentially expressed genes, yellow-g and troponin C, resulted in a significantly reduced oviposition rate. This study provided a foundation for future investigations into the olive fruit fly's reproductive biology to the development of new exploitable tools for its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Gregoriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.-E.G.); (K.T.T.)
| | - Martin Reczko
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Science, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, 16672 Vari, Greece;
| | - Evdoxia G. Kakani
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 103, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Konstantina T. Tsoumani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.-E.G.); (K.T.T.)
| | - Kostas D. Mathiopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.-E.G.); (K.T.T.)
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Adedeji EO, Ogunlana OO, Fatumo S, Beder T, Ajamma Y, Koenig R, Adebiyi E. Anopheles metabolic proteins in malaria transmission, prevention and control: a review. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:465. [PMID: 32912275 PMCID: PMC7488410 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance to currently available insecticides in the malaria vector, Anopheles mosquitoes, hampers their use as an effective vector control strategy for the prevention of malaria transmission. Therefore, there is need for new insecticides and/or alternative vector control strategies, the development of which relies on the identification of possible targets in Anopheles. Some known and promising targets for the prevention or control of malaria transmission exist among Anopheles metabolic proteins. This review aims to elucidate the current and potential contribution of Anopheles metabolic proteins to malaria transmission and control. Highlighted are the roles of metabolic proteins as insecticide targets, in blood digestion and immune response as well as their contribution to insecticide resistance and Plasmodium parasite development. Furthermore, strategies by which these metabolic proteins can be utilized for vector control are described. Inhibitors of Anopheles metabolic proteins that are designed based on target specificity can yield insecticides with no significant toxicity to non-target species. These metabolic modulators combined with each other or with synergists, sterilants, and transmission-blocking agents in a single product, can yield potent malaria intervention strategies. These combinations can provide multiple means of controlling the vector. Also, they can help to slow down the development of insecticide resistance. Moreover, some metabolic proteins can be modulated for mosquito population replacement or suppression strategies, which will significantly help to curb malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Oluwatobiloba Adedeji
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Segun Fatumo
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | - Thomas Beder
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Yvonne Ajamma
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Rainer Koenig
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ezekiel Adebiyi
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), G200, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Mahdjoub H, Blanckenhorn WU, Lüpold S, Roy J, Gourgoulianni N, Khelifa R. Fitness consequences of the combined effects of veterinary and agricultural pesticides on a non-target insect. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126271. [PMID: 32114345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and veterinary products that are globally used in farming against pests and parasites are known to impact non-target beneficial organisms. While most studies have tested the lethal and sub-lethal effects of single chemicals, species are exposed to multiple contaminants that might interact and exacerbate the toxic responses of life-history fitness components. Here we experimentally tested an ecotoxicological scenario that is likely to be widespread in nature, with non-target dung communities being exposed both to cattle parasiticides during the larval stage and to agricultural insecticides during their adult life. We assessed the independent and combined consumptive effects of varying ivermectin and spinosad concentration on juvenile life-history and adult reproductive traits of the widespread yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria; Diptera: Scathophagidae). Larval exposure to ivermectin prolonged development time and reduced egg-to-adult survival, body size, and the magnitude of the male-biased sexual size dimorphism. The consumption by the predatory adult flies of spinosad-contaminated prey showed an additional, independent (from ivermectin) negative effect on female clutch size, and subsequent egg hatching success, but not on the body size and sexual size dimorphism of their surviving offspring. However, there were interactive synergistic effects of both contaminants on offspring emergence and body size. Our results document adverse effects of the combination of different chemicals on fitness components of a dung insect, highlighting transgenerational effects of adult exposure to contaminants for their offspring. These findings suggest that ecotoxicological tests should consider the combination of different contaminants for more accurate eco-assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Mahdjoub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Lüpold
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jeannine Roy
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Natalia Gourgoulianni
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rassim Khelifa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Botany, 2212 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Biodiversity Research Centre, 2212 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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10
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Kruse A, Ramsey JS, Johnson R, Hall DG, MacCoss MJ, Heck M. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Minimally Alters Expression of Immunity and Metabolism Proteins in Hemolymph of Diaphorina citri, the Insect Vector of Huanglongbing. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2995-3011. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kruse
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Boyce Thompson
Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - John S. Ramsey
- Boyce Thompson
Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, United States Department of Agriculature Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David G. Hall
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Subtropical Insects and Horticulture Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, United States
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michelle Heck
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Boyce Thompson
Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center, United States Department of Agriculature Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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11
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Isoe J, Petchampai N, Isoe YE, Co K, Mazzalupo S, Scaraffia PY. Xanthine dehydrogenase-1 silencing in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes promotes a blood feeding-induced adulticidal activity. FASEB J 2017; 31:2276-2286. [PMID: 28179423 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601185r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aedesaegypti has 2 genes encoding xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). We analyzed XDH1 and XDH2 gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR in tissues from sugar- and blood-fed females. Differential XDH1 and XDH2 gene expression was observed in tissues dissected throughout a time course. We next exposed females to blood meals supplemented with allopurinol, a well-characterized XDH inhibitor. We also tested the effects of injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against XDH1, XDH2, or both. Disruption of XDH by allopurinol or XDH1 by RNA interference significantly affected mosquito survival, causing a disruption in blood digestion, excretion, oviposition, and reproduction. XDH1-deficient mosquitoes showed a persistence of serine proteases in the midgut at 48 h after blood feeding and a reduction in the uptake of vitellogenin by the ovaries. Surprisingly, analysis of the fat body from dsRNA-XDH1-injected mosquitoes fell into 2 groups: one group was characterized by a reduction of the XDH1 transcript, whereas the other group was characterized by an up-regulation of several transcripts, including XDH1, glutamine synthetase, alanine aminotransferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ornithine decarboxylase, glutamate receptor, and ammonia transporter. Our data demonstrate that XDH1 plays an essential role and that XDH1 has the potential to be used as a metabolic target for Ae.aegypti vector control.-Isoe, J., Petchampai, N., Isoe, Y. E., Co, K., Mazzalupo, S., Scaraffia, P. Y. Xanthine dehydrogenase-1 silencing in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes promotes a blood feeding-induced adulticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Isoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Natthida Petchampai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yurika E Isoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katrina Co
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stacy Mazzalupo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Patricia Y Scaraffia
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
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12
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Roopan SM, Bharathi A, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Madhumitha G. Synthesis and insecticidal activity of acridone derivatives to Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and non-target aquatic species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39753. [PMID: 28059104 PMCID: PMC5216327 DOI: 10.1038/srep39753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A serious Mosquito borne yellow fever is one of the grave diseases which affect the major population. Since there is no specific treatment for yellow fever, there is a necessity to develop an effective agent. The series of acridinone analogues 3 to 5 were synthesized with help of non-conventional microwave heating and confirmed by respective spectral characterization. 5c and 3b showed highest activity to kill 90% of larvae against A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. Also the active products were treated to check the mortality of non-target aquatic species. Through the reports of the larvicidal bioassay, compounds 3b against C. quinquefasciatus whereas 5c against A. aegypti were found to be more active. By keeping this as a platform, further extension of the work can be done to find out a valuable drug for controlling disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles &Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annadurai Bharathi
- Chemistry of Heterocycles &Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Madhumitha
- Chemistry of Heterocycles &Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Souza TM, Menezes ESB, Oliveira RV, Almeida Filho LCP, Martins JM, Moreno FB, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Moura AAA, Carvalho AFU. Further evidences for the mode of action of the larvicidal m-pentadecadienyl-phenol isolated from Myracrodruon urundeuva seeds against Aedes aegypti. Acta Trop 2015; 152:49-55. [PMID: 26299195 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, dengue fever is considered the most important arbovirosis worldwide and its control is still based upon combating the vector Aedes aegypti. Besides monitoring of mosquito populations resistant to conventional insecticides, the search for new environmentally safe insecticides and conduction of molecular studies focusing on the elucidation of mode of action and possible resistance mechanisms are considered the key for a sustainable management of the mosquito vector. Thus, the present work aimed to assess changes in protein expression of 3rd-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti after exposure to the natural insecticide m-pentadecadienyl-phenol. Bidimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry resulted in identification of 12 proteins differentially expressed between control and treated groups. Larvae exposed to the toxic compound for 24h showed elevated detoxification response (glutathione-S-transferase), increased levels of stress-related proteins (HSP70) as well as evidence of lysosome stabilization to enable survival. Furthermore, expression of proteins involved in protection of peritrophic membrane and metabolism of lipids indicated systemic effect of toxic effects in treated larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezinha M Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Erika S Bezerra Menezes
- Department of Animal Science, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos P Almeida Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jorge M Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Frederico B Moreno
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Fortaleza, 60810-431, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Arlindo A Araripe Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana F Urano Carvalho
- Departament of Biology, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Ceara, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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14
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Sexual transfer of the steroid hormone 20E induces the postmating switch in Anopheles gambiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:16353-8. [PMID: 25368171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410488111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Female insects generally mate multiple times during their lives. A notable exception is the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, which after sex loses her susceptibility to further copulation. Sex in this species also renders females competent to lay eggs developed after blood feeding. Despite intense research efforts, the identity of the molecular triggers that cause the postmating switch in females, inducing a permanent refractoriness to further mating and triggering egg-laying, remains elusive. Here we show that the male-transferred steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is a key regulator of monandry and oviposition in An. gambiae. When sexual transfer of 20E is impaired by partial inactivation of the hormone and inhibition of its biosynthesis in males, oviposition and refractoriness to further mating in the female are strongly reduced. Conversely, mimicking sexual delivery by injecting 20E into virgin females switches them to an artificial mated status, triggering egg-laying and reducing susceptibility to copulation. Sexual transfer of 20E appears to incapacitate females physically from receiving seminal fluids by a second male. Comparative analysis of microarray data from females after mating and after 20E treatment indicates that 20E-regulated molecular pathways likely are implicated in the postmating switch, including cytoskeleton and musculature-associated genes that may render the atrium impenetrable to additional mates. By revealing signals and pathways shaping key processes in the An. gambiae reproductive biology, our data offer new opportunities for the control of natural populations of malaria vectors.
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15
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Vannini L, Augustine Dunn W, Reed TW, Willis JH. Changes in transcript abundance for cuticular proteins and other genes three hours after a blood meal in Anopheles gambiae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 44:33-43. [PMID: 24269292 PMCID: PMC3970321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined changes in transcript levels after Anopheles gambiae takes a blood meal. Marinotti et al. (2006) used microarrays and reported massive changes in transcript levels 3 h after feeding (BF3h) compared to non-blood fed (NBF). We were intrigued by the number of transcripts for structural cuticular proteins (CPs) that showed such major differences in levels and employed paired-end (50 bp) RNA-seq technology to compare whole body transcriptomes from 5-day-old females NBF and BF3h. We detected transcripts for the majority of CPs (164/243) but levels of only 12 were significantly altered by the blood meal. While relative transcript levels of NBF females were somewhat similar to the microarray data, there were major differences in BF3h animals, resulting in levels of many transcripts, both for CPs and other genes changing in the opposite direction. We compared our data also to other studies done with both microarrays and RNA-seq. Findings were consistent that a small number of CP genes have transcripts that persist even in 5-day-old adults. Some of these transcripts showed diurnal rhythms (Rund et al., 2013; Rinker et al., 2013). In situ hybridization revealed that transcripts for several of these CP genes were found exclusively or predominantly in the eye. Transcripts other than for CPs that changed in response to blood-feeding were predominantly expressed in midgut and Malpighian tubules. Even in these tissues, genes responsible for proteins with similar functions, such as immunity or digestion, responded differently, with transcript levels for some rising and others falling. These data demonstrate that genes coding for some CPs are dynamic in expression even in adults and that the response to a blood meal is rapid and precisely orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vannini
- University of Georgia, Cellular Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - W Augustine Dunn
- University of California Irvine, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Tyler W Reed
- University of Georgia, Cellular Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Judith H Willis
- University of Georgia, Cellular Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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16
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Helt AM, Harris E. S-phase-dependent enhancement of dengue virus 2 replication in mosquito cells, but not in human cells. J Virol 2005; 79:13218-30. [PMID: 16227245 PMCID: PMC1262621 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.21.13218-13230.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DEN) is the most prevalent cause of arthropod-borne viral illness in humans. We determined the influence of cellular growth state on DEN type 2 (DEN2) replication in mosquito and human cells, based on the hypothesis that manipulation of cellular growth state will facilitate identification of viral and cellular determinants of productive infection. Comparison of density-arrested and cycling C6/36 Aedes albopictus cells infected with a low-passage DEN2 isolate revealed that cycling cells generated higher virus titers per cell. When C6/36 cells were stalled in S-phase via a thymidine (THY) block, titers of low-passage DEN2 isolates and a high-passage strain, 16681, were increased approximately 30-fold and 10-fold, respectively. Moreover, virus release was earlier in THY-treated cells than in asynchronously cycling cells. Adsorption, entry, genome uncoating, and translation were not responsible for increased titers of virus from S-phase C6/36 cells. In contrast to the 30-fold increase in virus titers, intracellular levels of viral RNA were increased approximately 2-fold, suggesting that the S-phase-responsive step is late in the DEN2 replication cycle. Analysis of viral RNA and protein released from the cells indicated that enhanced DEN2 assembly is largely responsible for increased virus titers produced during S-phase. In contrast to C6/36 cells, DEN2 titers from S-phase human hepatoma cells or primary human fibroblasts were not increased. These results demonstrate a differential response of DEN2 to the mosquito and human cell cycle and provide a framework for detailed studies into the mechanisms mediating virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marija Helt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
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17
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Mesquita RD, de Oliveira FMB, Shugar D, Fantappié MR, Silva-Neto MAC. Nitrophorin synthesis is modulated by protein kinase CK2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 335:690-9. [PMID: 16099432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus is a blood-sucking bug whose saliva contains a family of nitric oxide-carrying proteins named nitrophorins (NPs). Saliva is injected into the host bloodstream during insect feeding. Nitric oxide is then released from NPs and will act on vascular smooth muscle, promoting vasodilation. Epithelial cells of salivary glands then undergo a massive synthesis of antihemostatics including NPs which produces saliva for the next blood meal. Here, we demonstrate the transient activation of a protein kinase in the salivary glands of R. prolixus after a blood meal. Biochemical, immunological, and pharmacological assays were used to identify this enzyme as protein kinase CK2. CK2 is activated after a blood meal and decreases to basal levels when salivary gland refilling is resumed. Inhibition of CK2 blocked [(35)S]methionine incorporation into newly synthesized salivary gland proteins in cultured tissue. Dissected salivary glands were then incubated with the heme fluorescent analog palladium (II) mesoporphyrin IX (Pd-MP) in the presence of a selective cell-permeable CK2 inhibitor, TBB (4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole). NP synthesis was quantified based on fluorescence of the Pd-MP group bound to the NP heme pocket. TBB dramatically blocked NP synthesis. Altogether, these data are the first demonstration to show that antihemostatic synthesis in a blood-sucking arthropods is under protein phosphorylation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D Mesquita
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Brazil
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18
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Marinotti O, Nguyen QK, Calvo E, James AA, Ribeiro JMC. Microarray analysis of genes showing variable expression following a blood meal in Anopheles gambiae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 14:365-73. [PMID: 16033430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A microarray analysis of 14 900 genes of the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, shows that as many as 33% (4924) of their corresponding transcription products vary in abundance within 24 h after a blood meal. Approximately half (2388) of these products increase in their accumulation and the remainder (2536) decrease. Expression dynamics of 80% of the genes analysed by expressed sequence tag (EST) projects reported previously are consistent with the observations from this microarray analysis. Furthermore, the microarray analysis is more sensitive in detecting variation in abundance of gene products expressed at low levels and is more sensitive overall in that a greater number of regulated genes are detected. Major changes in transcript abundance were seen in genes encoding proteins involved in digestion, oogenesis and locomotion. The microarray data and an electronic hyperlinked version of all tables are available to the research community at http://www.angagepuci.bio.uci.edu/1/.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Marinotti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA.
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19
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Silva-Neto MAC, Fialho E, Paes MC, Oliveira PL, Masuda H. Cyclic nucleotide-independent phosphorylation of vitellin by casein kinase II purified from Rhodnius prolixus oocytes. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:847-857. [PMID: 12110292 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study we show that Vitellin (VT) phosphorylation in chorionated oocytes of Rhodnius prolixus is completely inhibited by heparin (10 microg/ml), a classical casein kinase II (CK II) inhibitor. VT phosphorylation is not affected by modulators of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases such as c-AMP (10 microM), H-8 (1 microM) and H-89 (0.1 microM). We have obtained a 3000-fold VT-free enriched preparation of CK II. Autophosphorylation of this enzyme preparation in the presence of (32)P-ATP demonstrated that it lacks any endogenous substrates. Rhodnius CK II is strongly inhibited by heparin (Ki = 9 nM) and uses ATP (Km = 36 microM) or GTP (Km = 86 microM) as phosphate donors. Incubation of VT with purified Rhodnius CK II and (32)P-ATP led to the incorporation of 2 mols of phosphate/mol VT. However, the total number of phosphorylation sites available can be altered by previous incubation of VT with alkaline phosphatase. These data show that an insect yolk protein contain phosphorylation sites for a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase such as CK II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário A C Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-590, Brazil.
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