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Takemura H. Synthesis of Azacalixarenes and Development of Their Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:4885. [PMID: 34443473 PMCID: PMC8398485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the synthesis, structure, and interactions of metal ions, the detection of some weak interactions using the structure, and the construction of supramolecules of azacalixarenes that have been reported to date. Azacalixarenes are characterized by the presence of shallow or deep cavities, the simultaneous presence of a basic nitrogen atom and an acidic phenolic hydroxyl group, and the ability to introduce various side chains into the cyclic skeleton. These molecules can be given many functions by substituting groups on the benzene ring, modifying phenolic hydroxyl groups, and converting side chains. The author discusses the evidence of azacalixarene utilizing these characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takemura
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Mejirodai 2-8-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
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McDarmont SL, McMillen CD, Temelso B, Pienkos JA. Exploiting a C–F Activation Strategy to Generate Novel Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. McDarmont
- Department of Chemistry & Physics The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga TN USA
| | | | - Berhane Temelso
- Division of Information Technology College of Charleston Charleston SC USA
| | - Jared A. Pienkos
- Department of Chemistry & Physics The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga TN USA
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Alkorta I, Claramunt RM, Díez-Barra E, Elguero J, de la Hoz A, López C. The organic chemistry of poly(1 H -pyrazol-1-yl)methanes. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Semeniuc RF, Reger DL, Smith MD. A cadmium(II) coordination polymer formed from a third generation tetratopic tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligand. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:832-837. [PMID: 27811420 DOI: 10.1107/s205322961600783x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a third generation tetratopic tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligand, namely 1,2,4,5-{[2,2,2-tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethoxy]methyl}benzene {1,2,4,5-C6H2[CH2OCH2C(pz)3]4, L4}, and [Cd2(thf)5](BF4)4 (thf is tetrahydrofuran) produces the coordination polymer catena-poly[[[bis[acetonitrilecadmium(II)]-μ4-1,2,4,5-{[2,2,2-tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethoxy]methyl}benzene] tetrakis(tetrafluoroborate)]-diethyl ether-acetonitrile (1/2/2)], {[Cd2(CH3CN)2(C54H54N24O4)](BF4)4·2C4H10O·2CH3CN}n. The CdII center is coordinated in a κ3-fashion by one tris(pyrazolyl)methane group and in a κ2-κ0 fashion by another, while the sixth coordination site on the CdII cation is occupied by an acetonitrile molecule. This bonding mode of the ligand generates an infinite one-dimensional structure built upon 32-atom metallomacrocycles connected by the C6H2 spacer. This compound is isostructural with the silver(I) analogue of this ligand, i.e. {[Ag2(L4)](BF4)2·4CH3CN}n, thus showing the tendency of this system to form metal-based macrocyclic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu F Semeniuc
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois 61920, USA
| | - Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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Semeniuc RF, Reger DL. Metal Complexes of Multitopic, Third Generation Poly(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands: Multiple Coordination Arrangements. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radu F. Semeniuc
- Department of Chemistry; Eastern Illinois University; 61920 Charleston IL USA
| | - Daniel L. Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of South Carolina; 29208 Columbia South Carolina USA
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Gomes AC, Neves P, Figueiredo S, Fernandes JA, Valente AA, Almeida Paz FA, Pillinger M, Lopes AD, Gonçalves IS. Tris(pyrazolyl)methane molybdenum tricarbonyl complexes as catalyst precursors for olefin epoxidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huber W, Linder R, Niesel J, Schatzschneider U, Spingler B, Kunz PC. A Comparative Study of Tricarbonylmanganese Photoactivatable CO Releasing Molecules (PhotoCORMs) by Using the Myoglobin Assay and Time-Resolved IR Spectroscopy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Hallett AJ, Angharad Baber R, Guy Orpen A, Ward BD. The co-ordination chemistry of tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane manganese carbonyl complexes: Synthetic, electrochemical and DFT studies. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9276-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10828j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schneider CJ, Moubaraki B, Cashion JD, Turner DR, Leita BA, Batten SR, Murray KS. Spin crossover in di-, tri- and tetranuclear, mixed-ligand tris(pyrazolyl)methane iron(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6939-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wanke R, Guedes da Silva MFC, Lancianesi S, Silva TFS, Martins LMDRS, Pettinari C, Pombeiro AJL. Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of a New N4-Polydentate Class of Pyridyl-Functionalized Scorpionate Ligands: Complexes of FeII, ZnII, NiII, VIV, PdII and Use for Heterobimetallic Systems. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:7941-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100966u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Wanke
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, ULHT Lisbon, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stefano Lancianesi
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Telma F. S. Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. D. R. S. Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, ISEL, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1950-062 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudio Pettinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, TU Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049−001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Sánchez-Méndez A, de Jesús E, Flores JC, Gómez-Sal P. [Bis(pyrazolyl)methane]palladium Complexes with a Carbosilane Dendritic Structure. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Reger DL, Foley EA, Smith MD. Synthesis of a tritopic, third-generation bis(1-pyrazolyl)methane ligand and its silver(I) complex: Unexpected structure with high coordination numbers. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I – Bioanorganische Chemie and Research Department Interfacial Systems Chemistry (RD IFSC), Ruhr‐Universität Bochum NC 3/74, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany, Fax: +49‐234‐32‐14378
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Reger DL, Foley EA, Watson RP, Pellechia PJ, Smith MD, Grandjean F, Long GJ. Monofluoride bridged, binuclear metallacycles of first row transition metals supported by third generation bis(1-pyrazolyl)methane ligands: unusual magnetic properties. Inorg Chem 2010; 48:10658-69. [PMID: 19827795 DOI: 10.1021/ic901352p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of M(BF(4))(2).xH(2)O, where M is Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn, and the ditopic, bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand m-[CH(pz)(2)](2)C(6)H(4), L(m), where pz is a pyrazolyl ring, yields the monofluoride bridged, binuclear [M(2)(mu-F)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(3) complexes. In contrast, a similar reaction of L(m) with Ni(BF(4))(2).6H(2)O yields dibridged [Ni(2)(mu-F)(2)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(2). The solid state structures of seven [M(2)(mu-F)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(3) complexes show that the divalent metal ion is in a five-coordinate, trigonal bipyramidal, coordination environment with either a linear or nearly linear M-F-M bridging arrangement. NMR results indicate that [Zn(2)(mu-F)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(3) retains its dimeric structure in solution. The [Ni(2)(mu-F)(2)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(2) complex has a dibridging fluoride structure that has a six-coordination environment about each nickel(II) ion. In the solid state, the [Fe(2)(mu-F)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(3) and [Co(2)(mu-F)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(3) complexes show weak intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between the two metal(II) ions with J values of -10.4 and -0.67 cm(-1), respectively; there is no observed long-range magnetic order. Three different solvates of [Cu(2)(mu-F)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(3) are diamagnetic between 5 and 400 K, thus showing strong antiferromagnetic exchange interactions of -600 cm(-1) or more negative. Mossbauer spectra indicate that [Fe(2)(mu-F)(mu-L(m))(2)](BF(4))(3) exhibits no long-range magnetic order between 4.2 and 295 K and isomer shifts that are consistent with the presence of five-coordinate, high-spin iron(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA.
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Reger DL, Foley EA, Smith MD. Structural Impact of Multitopic Third-Generation Bis(1-pyrazolyl)methane Ligands: Double, Mononuclear Metallacyclic Silver(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2009; 49:234-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901899r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Elizabeth A. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Kunz PC, Huber W, Rojas A, Schatzschneider U, Spingler B. Tricarbonylmanganese(I) and ârhenium(I) Complexes of Imidazol-Based Phosphane Ligands: Influence of the Substitution Pattern on the CO Release Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sánchez-Méndez A, de Jesús E, Flores JC, Gómez-Sal P. Fréchet-Type Pallado-Dendrimers Containing Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Reger DL, Elgin JD, Foley EA, Smith MD, Grandjean F, Long GJ. Structural, Magnetic, and Mössbauer Spectral Study of the Electronic Spin-State Transition in [Fe{HC(3-Mepz)2(5-Mepz)}2](BF4)2. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:9393-401. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901259e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - J. Derek Elgin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina 29528
| | - Elizabeth A. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Fernande Grandjean
- Department of Physics, B5, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - Gary J. Long
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0010
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Reger DL, Reinecke B, Smith MD, Semeniuc RF. Metal complexes of new scorpionate ligands: 2,2′-Bis(pyrazolyl)ethylamine and its derivatives. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Marchetti F, Pettinari C, Cerquetella A, Cingolani A, Pettinari R, Monari M, Wanke R, Kuznetsov ML, Pombeiro AJL. Switching between κ2 and κ3 Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate Ligands by Tuning Reaction Conditions: Synthesis, Spectral, Electrochemical, Structural, and Theoretical Studies on Arene-Ru(II) Derivatives of Bis(azol-1-yl)acetate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6096-108. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900463b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Claudio Pettinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Adele Cerquetella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Augusto Cingolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pettinari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Magda Monari
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Wanke
- Centro de Quìmica Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maxim L. Kuznetsov
- Centro de Quìmica Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Quìmica Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Reger DL, Foley EA, Smith MD. Mononuclear Metallacyclic Silver(I) Complexes of Third Generation Bis(1-pyrazolyl)methane Ligands. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:936-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801594q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208
| | - Elizabeth A. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208
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Reger DL, Little CA, Semeniuc RF, Smith MD. Synthesis and structural characterization of a mixed-ligand diiron(II) complex formed by a linked bitopic tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligand: {HC(3,5-Me2pz)3Fe[μ-p-C6H4(CH2OCH2C(pz)3)2]Fe(3,5-Me2pz)3CH}(BF4)4 (pz=pyrazolyl ring). Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Silva TFS, Mishra GS, Guedes da Silva MF, Wanke R, Martins LMDRS, Pombeiro AJL. CuII complexes bearing the 2,2,2-tris(1-pyrazolyl)ethanol or 2,2,2-tris(1-pyrazolyl)ethyl methanesulfonate scorpionates. X-Ray structural characterization and application in the mild catalytic peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane. Dalton Trans 2009:9207-15. [DOI: 10.1039/b911990f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Niesel J, Pinto A, Peindy N'Dongo HW, Merz K, Ott I, Gust R, Schatzschneider U. Photoinduced CO release, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of a tris(pyrazolyl)methane (tpm) manganese tricarbonyl complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1798-800. [PMID: 18379697 DOI: 10.1039/b719075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell viability studies of HT29 colon cancer cells treated with the CO-releasing compound [Mn(CO)(3)(tpm)]PF(6) revealed a significant photoinduced cytotoxicity comparable to that of established agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), while controls kept in the dark were unaffected at up to 100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Niesel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I-Bioanorganische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum NC 3/74, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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Reger DL, Semeniuc RF, Smith MD. Supramolecular networks of silver(i) and iron(ii) complexes of the third generation tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligand Ph2(O)POCH2C(pz)3 (pz = pyrazolyl ring). Dalton Trans 2008:2253-60. [DOI: 10.1039/b719023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sumby CJ, Steel PJ. Synthesis and crystal structure of a 2nm long rectangular copper dimetallomacrocycle. J COORD CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970701732782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Sumby
- a Department of Chemistry , College of Science, University of Canterbury , Christchurch, New Zealand
- b Present address; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J. Steel
- a Department of Chemistry , College of Science, University of Canterbury , Christchurch, New Zealand
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Reger DL, Foley EA, Semeniuc RF, Smith MD. Structural Comparisons of Silver(I) Complexes of Third-Generation Ligands Built from Tridentate (o-C6H4[CH2OCH2C(pz)3]2) versus Bidentate Poly(1-pyrazolyl)methane Units (o-C6H4[CH2OCH2CH(pz)2]2) (pz = Pyrazolyl Ring). Inorg Chem 2007; 46:11345-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ic7017743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Elizabeth A. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Radu F. Semeniuc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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Reger DL, Watson RP, Smith MD. Synthesis of an anthracene-based bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand and the structural characterization of its dinuclear tricarbonylrhenium(I) complex. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sánchez-Méndez A, de Jesús E, Flores JC, Gómez-Sal P. Crystal Structures of Poly(aryl ether) Dendrons with Palladium Scorpionate Complexes at Their Focal Point. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:4793-5. [PMID: 17489590 DOI: 10.1021/ic7005748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel palladium(II) complexes with bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligands at the focal point of G0-G3 poly(aryl ether) Fréchet-type dendrons are reported. The molecular structures of the metallodendrimer series G0, G1, and G2 [(dend)CH(3,5-Me2pz)2(PdCl2)] have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The three structures show a similar three-dimensional organization of the metal complex, which is progressively engulfed by the branches with increasing dendrimer generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez-Méndez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez-Méndez A, Ortiz AM, de Jesús E, Flores JC, Gómez-Sal P. Dendronized scorpionate complexes of molybdenum in low and high oxidation states. Dalton Trans 2007:5658-69. [DOI: 10.1039/b710125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Silva RM, Gwengo C, Lindeman SV, Smith MD, Gardinier JR. Janus Scorpionates: Supramolecular Tectons for the Directed Assembly of Hard−Soft Alkali Metallopolymer Chains. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:10998-1007. [PMID: 17173459 DOI: 10.1021/ic0615877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new scorpionate ligand [HB(mtda)3-] containing mercaptothiadiazolyl (mtda) heterocyclic rings with both hard nitrogen donors and soft sulfur donors has been prepared. This new ligand, the Janus scorpionate, is a hybrid of a tris(pyrazolyl)borate and a tris(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate. The differential hard/soft character of the dissimilar donor groups in this bridging ligand was exploited for the controlled solid-state organization of homometallic and heterometallic alkali metal coordination polymers. Remarkably, in the case of sodium, coordination polymers with both acentric (with NaS3N3H kernels) and centric (with alternating NaN6 and NaS6H2 kernels) chains are found in the same crystal (where the centricity is defined by the relative orientations of the B-H bonds of the ligands along the lattice). For the homometallic potassium congener, the larger cation size, compared to sodium, induced significant distortions and favored a polar arrangement of ligands in the resulting coordination polymer chain. An examination of the solid-state structure of the mixed alkali metal salt system revealed that synergistic binding of smaller sodium cations to the nitrogen portion and of the larger potassium cations to the sulfur portion of the ligand minimizes the ligand distortions relative to the homometallic coordination polymer counterparts, a design feature of the ligand that likely assists in thermodynamically driving the self-assembly of the heterometallic chains. The effect of alkali metal complexation on the solution properties of the ligand was studied by comparing NMR chemical shifts, B-H stretching frequencies, and electrochemical properties with those of the noncoordinating tetrabutylammonium salt of the scorpionate. The similarity of these data regardless of cation indicates that the salts are likely dissociated in solution rather than maintaining their solid-state polymeric structures. This data is augmented by the ESI(+/-) mass spectral data for a series of mixed alkali metal tris(mercaptothiadiazolyl)borates that also indicate that dissociation occurs in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalice M Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
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Reger DL, Watson RP, Gardinier JR, Smith MD, Pellechia PJ. Metallacycles of Iron, Zinc, and Cadmium Assembled by Polytopic Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands and Fluoride Abstraction from BF4-. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:10088-97. [PMID: 17140214 DOI: 10.1021/ic0613154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the arene-linked bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands m-bis[bis(1-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzene (m-[CH(pz)2]2C6H4, Lm) and 1,3,5-tris[bis(1-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzene (1,3,5-[CH(pz)2]3C6H3, L3) with BF4- salts of divalent iron, zinc, and cadmium result in fluoride abstraction from BF4- and formation of fluoride-bridged metallacyclic complexes. Treatment of Fe(BF4)2.6H2O and Zn(BF4)2.5H2O with Lm leads to the complexes [Fe2(mu-F)(mu-Lm)2](BF4)3 (1) and [Zn2(mu-F)(mu-Lm)2](BF4)3 (2), in which a single fluoride ligand and two Lm molecules bridge the two metal centers. The reaction of [Cd2(thf)5](BF4)4 with Lm results in the complex [Cd2(mu-F)2(mu-Lm)2](BF4)2 (3), which contains dimeric cations in which two fluoride and two Lm ligands bridge the cadmium centers. Equimolar amounts of the tritopic ligand L3 and Zn(BF4)2.5H2O react to give the related monofluoride-bridged complex [Zn2(mu-F)(mu-L3)2](BF4)3 (4), in which one bis(pyrazolyl)methane unit on each ligand remains unbound. NMR spectroscopic studies show that in acetonitrile the zinc metallacycles observed in the solid-state remain intact in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Reger DL, Watson RP, Smith MD. Silver(I) Complexes of Fixed, Polytopic Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands: Influence of Ligand Geometry on the Formation of Discrete Metallacycles and Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:10077-87. [PMID: 17140213 DOI: 10.1021/ic0613053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the arene-linked bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands m-bis[bis(1-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzene, (m-[CH(pz)2]2C6H4, Lm), p-bis[bis(1-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzene, (p-[CH(pz)2]2C6H4, Lp), and 1,3,5-tris[bis(1-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzene (1,3,5-[CH(pz)2]3C6H3, L3) with AgX salts (pz = 1-pyrazolyl; X = BF4- or PF6-) yield two types of molecular motifs depending on the arrangement of the ligating sites about the central arene ring. Reactions of the m-phenylene-linked Lm with AgBF4 and AgPF6 afford complexes consisting of discrete, metallacyclic dications: [Ag2(mu-Lm)2](BF4)2 (1) and [Ag2(mu-Lm)2](PF6)2 (2). When the p-phenylene-linked Lp is treated with AgBF4 and AgPF6, acyclic, cationic coordination polymers are obtained: {[Ag(mu-Lp)]BF4}infinity (3) and {[Ag(mu-Lp)]PF6}infinity (4). Reaction of the ligand L3, containing three bis(pyrazolyl)methane units in a meta arrangement, with an equimolar amount of AgBF4 again yields discrete metallacyclic dications in which one bis(pyrazolyl)methane unit on each ligand remains unbound: [Ag2(mu-L3)2](BF4)2 (5). Treatment of L3 with an excess of AgBF4 affords a polymer of metallacycles, {[Ag3(mu-L3)2](BF4)3}infinity (6), with one of the bis(pyrazolyl)methane units on each ligand bound to a silver cation bridging two metallacycles. The supramolecular structures of the silver(I) complexes 1-6 are organized by noncovalent interactions, including weak hydrogen bonding, pi-pi, and anion-pi interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Reger DL, Semeniuc RF, Little CA, Smith MD. Crystal Retro-Engineering: Structural Impact on Silver(I) Complexes with Changing Complexity of Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:7758-69. [PMID: 16961367 DOI: 10.1021/ic0606936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and structures of seven new silver(I) complexes involving the parent tris(pyrazolyl)methane unit, [C(pz)(3)], as the donor set, {[C6H5CH2OCH2C(pz)3]Ag}(BF4), {[C6H5CH2OCH2C(pz)3]2Ag3}(CF3SO3)3, {[HOCH2C(pz)3]Ag}(BF4), {[HOCH2C(pz)3]Ag}(CF3SO3), {[HC(pz)3]2Ag2(CH3CN)}(BF4)2, {[HC(pz)3]Ag}(PF6), and {[HC(pz)3]Ag}(CF3SO3), are reported. This project is based on a retro-design of our multitopic C6H(6-n)[CH2OCH2C(pz)3]n (pz = pyrazolyl ring, n = 2, 3, 4, and 6) family of ligands in such a way that each new ligand has one fewer organizational feature. The kappa2-kappa1 bonding mode of the [C(pz)3] units to two silvers, also observed with the multitopic ligands, is the dominant structural feature in all cases. Changing the counterion has important effects on the local structures and on crystal packing. When these structures are compared to similar ones based on the multitopic C6H(6-n)[CH2OCH2C(pz)3]n ligands, it has been shown that the presence of the rigid parts (central arene core and the [C(pz)3] units) are important in order to observe highly organized supramolecular structures. The presence of the flexible ether linkage is also crucial, allowing all noncovalent forces to manifest themselves in a cumulative and complementary manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Reger DL, Semeniuc RF, Gardinier JR, O'neal J, Reinecke B, Smith MD. New N,N,N-Heteroscorpionates Based on 2,2‘-Bis(pyrazolyl)ethanamine and Its Derivatives. Ligands Designed for Probing Supramolecular Interactions. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:4337-9. [PMID: 16711680 DOI: 10.1021/ic060347o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The successful design and synthesis of the new bis(pyrazolyl)ethanamine ligand and its copper(I) triphenylphosphine complex is reported. The ligand coordinates to the copper(I) center in a fac tridentate fashion, through both the pyrazolyl rings and the nitrogen atom from the NH2 group. In the solid state, the compound is organized in a 2D noncovalent network by N-H...pi and C-H...pi interactions and hydrogen bonds. The analogous ligand with a benzyl group substituted on the amine forms a complex with the same copper(I) center that has a similar 2D supramolecular structure and, in addition, is organized by the benzyl synthon into a 3D architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Sánchez-Méndez A, Benito JM, de Jesús E, de la Mata FJ, Flores JC, Gómez R, Gómez-Sal P. Synthesis and1H NMR studies of paramagnetic nickel(ii) complexes containing bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands with dendritic substituents. Dalton Trans 2006:5379-89. [PMID: 17102863 DOI: 10.1039/b607090f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The substituted bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligands RCH(3,5-Me2pz)2(R=SiMe3, CH2Ph, G1, G2, and G3; Gn=Fréchet-type dendritic wedges of generation n) have been prepared starting from H2C(3,5-Me2pz)2. Reaction of these didentate ligands with [NiBr2(DME)] is a straightforward procedure that allows the synthesis of the nickel(II) complexes [NiBr2{RCH(3,5-Me2pz)2}]. The molecular structure of compound (R=CH2Ph) has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The nickel centre coordinates two bromine and two nitrogen atoms in a tetrahedral environment, and the metallacycle Ni(NN)2C adopts a boat conformation with the benzyl group in an axial position. 1H NMR studies have been carried out to characterize these paramagnetic nickel compounds in solution. Valuable information about the disposition of the ligands and dendritic wedges in solution has been obtained thanks to the influence of the paramagnetic centre on the proton resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez-Méndez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Reger DL, Watson RP, Smith MD, Pellechia PJ. Controlling the Addition of Metal Centers to a Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Starburst Ligand: Direct Routes to Mono-, Bi-, and Trimetallic Rhenium(I) Complexes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om0508684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Russell P. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Perry J. Pellechia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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Takemura H, Iwanaga T, Shinmyozu T. Structures and C–H⋯π interactions in DMF inclusion complexes of homoazacalix[4]arenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reger DL, Semeniuc RF, Captain B, Smith MD. An Unprecedented Coordination Mode of the Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Donor Set in {[Ph2(O)POCH2C(pz)3Ag]2(THF)2}(BF4)2: κ2−κ1 Bimetallic, Nσ/Nπ Chelating. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:2995-7. [PMID: 15847399 DOI: 10.1021/ic0501162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the compound {[Ph2(O)POCH2C(pz)3 Ag]2 (THF)2}(BF4)2 (pz = pyrazolyl ring) revealed a new coordination mode for the tris(pyrazolyl)methane donor set: two pyrazolyl rings bridging the same two silvers atoms using normal sigma-type orbitals on the nitrogen donor atoms while the third pyrazolyl ring coordinates side-on to one of the silver atoms with a nitrogen-based pi-type orbital. The dimeric arrangement is also supported by a weak silver-silver interaction. This bonding description is supported by Fenske-Hall molecular orbital calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Reger DL, Brown KJ, Gardinier JR, Smith MD. Syntheses and structural characterizations of rhenium carbonyl complexes of a bitopic ferrocene-linked bis(pyrazolyl)methane ligand. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Reger DL, Gardinier JR, Gemmill WR, Smith MD, Shahin AM, Long GJ, Rebbouh L, Grandjean F. Formation of Third Generation Poly(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands from Alkyne Coupling Reactions of Fe[(p-IC6H4)B(3-Rpz)3]2 (R = H, Me; pz = Pyrazolyl): Pathways toward Controlling an Iron(II) Electronic Spin-State Crossover. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2303-16. [PMID: 15713110 DOI: 10.1021/ja044900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sonogashira coupling reactions of terminal alkynes with Fe[(p-IC6H4)B(3-Mepz)3]2 (pz = pyrazolyl ring) yield Fe[(p-PhC2C6H4)B(3-Mepz)3]2 (2), Fe[(p-Me3SiC2C6H4)B(3-Rpz)3]2 (R = H, 3a, R = Me, 3b), and Fe[(p-HC2C6H4)B(3-Mepz)3]2 (R = H, 4a, R = Me, 4b), a series of new complexes containing "third generation" poly(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. Complex 2 undergoes a fairly gradual iron(II) electronic spin-state crossover with a 30 K hysteresis, whereas complex 3b is an unusual example of a complex with equivalent iron(II) sites in the high-spin form that shows an abrupt 50% spin crossover. For complex 4b, 50% of the iron(II) sites undergo a gradual spin-state transition between 185 and 350 K with an activation energy of 1590 +/- 30 cm(-1) and a T(1/2) = 280 K and, for the remaining iron(II) sites, an abrupt cooperative spin-state crossover between 106 and 114 K. The crystal structures of 4b obtained for each of the three distinct electronic spin states reveal two crystallographically different iron(II) sites, and analysis of the molecular/supramolecular structures indicates that the difference in the degree of pyrazolyl ring tilting in the ligands between the two sites, rather than the strength of the intermolecular forces, play a prominent role in determining the temperature of the spin-state crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Reger DL, Gardinier JR, BakbakCurrent address: School of Ch S, Semeniuc RF, Bunz UHF, Smith MD. Multitopic third generation tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands built on alkyne structural scaffolding: first preparation of mixed tris(pyrazolyl)methane/tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b414770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bigmore HR, Lawrence SC, Mountford P, Tredget CS. Coordination, organometallic and related chemistry of tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands. Dalton Trans 2005:635-51. [PMID: 15702171 DOI: 10.1039/b413121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tris(pyrazolyl)methanes are the neutral analogues of the widely exploited and highly useful tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborates, yet by comparison with their boron based counterparts their chemistry is underdeveloped. Recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of ring-substituted tris(pyrazolyl)methanes offer the opportunity for the development of this useful and promising class of ligand. This review summarises the current state of the coordination and organometallic chemistry of tris(pyrazolyl)methanes and highlights areas in which development is likely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R Bigmore
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Reger DL, Watson RP, Gardinier JR, Smith MD. Impact of Variations in Design of Flexible Bitopic Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands and Counterions on the Structures of Silver(I) Complexes: Dominance of Cyclic Dimeric Architecture. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:6609-19. [PMID: 15476358 DOI: 10.1021/ic0491377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The new ligands 1,1,4,4-tetra(1-pyrazolyl)butane [CH(pz)(2)(CH(2))(2)CH(pz)(2), L2] and 1,1,5,5-tetra(1-pyrazolyl)pentane [CH(pz)(2)(CH(2))(3)CH(pz)(2), L3] have been prepared to determine the structural changes in silver(I) complexes, if any, that accompany the lengthening of the spacer group between two linked bis(pyrazolyl)methane units. Silver(I) complexes of both ligands with BF(4)(-) and SO(3)CF(3)(-) as the counterion have the formula [Ag(2)(micro-L)(2)](counterion)(2). These complexes have a cyclic dimeric structure in the solid state previously observed with the shorter linked ligand CH(pz)(2)CH(2)CH(pz)(2). Similar chemistry starting with AgNO(3) for L2 yields a complex of the empirical formula [Ag(2)[micro-CH(pz)(2)(CH(2))(2)CH(pz)(2)](3)](NO(3))(2) that retains the cyclic dimeric structure, but bonding of an additional ligand creates a coordination polymer of the cyclic dimers. In contrast, coordination of the nitrate counterion to silver in the complex of L3 leads to the formation of the coordination polymer of the empirical formula [Ag(micro-CH(pz)(2)(CH(2))(3)CH(pz)(2))]NO(3). All six new complexes have extended supramolecular structures based on noncovalent interactions supported by the counterions and the functional groups designed into the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands: Syntheses and Structures of Monometallic and Metallodendritic Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Reger DL, Semeniuc RF, Rassolov V, Smith MD. Supramolecular Structural Variations with Changes in Anion and Solvent in Silver(I) Complexes of a Semirigid, Bitopic Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Ligand. Inorg Chem 2003; 43:537-54. [PMID: 14731015 DOI: 10.1021/ic035207i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bitopic ligand p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2) (pz = pyrazolyl ring) that contains two tris(pyrazolyl)methane units connected by a semirigid organic spacer reacts with silver(I) salts to yield [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)(AgX)(2)]( infinity ), where X = CF(3)SO(3)(-) (1), SbF(6)(-) (2), PF(6)(-) (3), BF(4)(-) (4), and NO(3)(-) (5). Crystallization of the first three compounds from acetone yields [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)(AgCF(3)SO(3))(2)]( infinity ) (1a), [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)(AgSbF(6))(2)[(CH(3))(2)CO](2)]( infinity ) (2b), and [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)AgPF(6)]( infinity ) (3a), where the stoichiometry for the latter compound has changed from a metal:ligand ratio of 2:1 to 1:1. The structure of 1a is based on helical argentachains constructed by a kappa(2)-kappa(1) coordination to silver of the tris(pyrazolyl)methane units. These chains are organized into a tubular 3D structure by cylindrical [(CF(3)SO(3))(6)](6)(-) clusters that form weak C-H...O hydrogen bonds with the bitopic ligand. The same kappa(2)-kappa(1) coordination is present in the structure of 2a, but the structure is organized by six different tris(pyrazolyl)methane units from six ligands bonding with six silvers to form a 36-member argentamacrocycle core. The cores are organized in a tubular array by the organic spacers where each pair of macrocycles sandwich six acetone molecules and one SbF(6)(-) counterion. The structure of 3a is based on a kappa(2)-kappa(0) coordination mode of each tris(pyrazolyl)methane unit forming a helical coordination polymer, with two strands organized in a double stranded helical structure by a series of C-H...pi interactions between the central arene rings. Crystallization of 2-4 from acetonitrile yields complexes of the formula [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)[(AgX)(2)(CH(3)CN)(n)]]( infinity ) where n = 2 for X = SbF(6)(-) (2b), X = PF(6)(-) (3b) and n = 1 for X = BF(4)(-) (4b). All three structures contain argentachains formed by a kappa(2)-kappa(1) coordination mode of the tris(pyrazolyl)methane units linked by the organic spacer and arranged in a 2D sheet structure with the anions sandwiched between the sheets. Crystallization of 5 from acetonitrile yields crystals of the formula [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)(AgNO(3))(2)(CH(3)CN)(4)]( infinity ), where the nitrate is bonded to the silver. The argentachains, again formed by kappa(2)-kappa(1) coordination, are arranged in W-shaped sheets that have an overall configuration very different from 2b-4b. Treating [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)(AgSbF(6))(2)]( infinity ) with a saturated aqueous solution of KPF(6) or KO(3)SCF(3) slowly leads to complete exchange of the anion. Crystallization of a sample that contains an approximately equal mixture of SbF(6)(-)/PF(6)(-) from acetonitrile yields [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)[Ag(2)(PF(6))(0.78(1))(SbF(6))(1.22(1))(CH(3)CN)(2)][(CH(3)CN)(0.25) (C(4)H(10)O)(0.25)]]( infinity ), a compound with a sheet structure analogous to 2b-4b. Crystallization of the same mixture from acetone yields [p-C(6)H(4)[CH(2)OCH(2)C(pz)(3)](2)(AgSbF(6))[(CH(3))(2)CO](1.5)]( infinity ), where the metal-to-ligand ratio is 1:1 and the [C(pz)(3)] units are kappa(2)-kappa(0) bonded forming a coordination polymer. The supramolecular structures of all species are organized by a combination of C-H...pi, pi-pi, or weak C-H-F(O) hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Reger DL, Semeniuc RF, Smith MD. Synthesis of Open and Closed Metallacages Using Novel Tripodal Ligands: Unusually Stable Silver(I) Inclusion Compound. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:8137-9. [PMID: 14658864 DOI: 10.1021/ic035192o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tripodal ligand 1,3,5-(CH3)3C6[CH2OCH2C(pz)3]3 (L1, pz=pyrazolyl ring) reacts with AgBF4 to yield ([L12Ag3(CH3CN)](BF4)3).(CH3CN)4, an inclusion complex in which the encapsulated acetonitrile cannot escape the triangular cage unit in either the solid or solution phase. The analogous hexatopic ligand C6[CH2OCH2C(pz)3]6 forms a 2-dimensional polymer composed of similar triangular cage units, again with the encapsulation of one acetonitrile molecule, linked by the additional tris(pyrazolyl)methane units. In contrast, the complex formed with L1 and Cd2+ has a double, open cage structure holding two diethyl ether molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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Reger D, Semeniuc R, Smith M. Influence of the Crystallization Solvent on Molecular and Supramolecular Structures of Silver(I) Tris(3-Phenylpyrazolyl)methane Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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