1
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Adekoya TO, Smith N, Thomas AJ, Lane TS, Burnette N, Rivers EJ, Li Y, Chen XL, Richardson RM. Host versus cell-dependent effects of β-arrestin 1 expression in prostate tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:772-783. [PMID: 33710266 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) constitutes a serious health challenge and remains one of the main causes of cancer-related death among men. The more aggressive form of the disease has been attributed to androgen independence, resulting in a lack of response to androgen deprivation therapy and sustained activation of other growth pathways. The scaffold proteins β-arrestin 1 and 2 (βarr1 and βarr2), which are known to mediate G protein-coupled receptor desensitization and internalization, were also shown to modulate prostate tumorigenesis. βarr1 is significantly overexpressed (>4-fold) in PCa cells relative to βarr2. In this study, we investigated the effect of βarr1 overexpression in PCa development and progression using the mouse and human PCa cell xenografts, and autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) models deficient in β-arrestin depletion of βarr1 in TRAMP mice (TRAMP/βarr1-/-) increased PCa growth and decreased overall survival relative to control TRAMP or TRAMP/βarr2-/- animals. Prostate tissues from TRAMP/βarr1-/- tumors displayed an increase in androgen receptor (AR) expression, whereas overexpression of βarr1 in TRAMP-C1 (TRAMP-C1-βarr1-GFP) which derived from TRAMP decreased AR expression, cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice xenografts, relative to control TRAMP-C1-GFP. Knockdown of βarr1 expression in human MDA PCa 2b cells (MDA PCa 2b-βarr1-/-) also decreased AR expression cell proliferation and tumor growth relative to control (MDA PCa 2b-Sham) cells. Interestingly, both TRAMP-C1-βarr1-GFP and MDA PCa 2b-βarr1-/- xenografts showed a decrease in AKT phosphorylation but an increase in MAPK activation. Altogether, the data indicate that the effect of βarr1 in modulating AR signaling to regulate PCa aggressiveness is cell and host autonomous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O Adekoya
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Nikia Smith
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Ariel J Thomas
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Tonya S Lane
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Nija Burnette
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Rivers
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Xiaoxin L Chen
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Ricardo M Richardson
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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2
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The role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Life Sci 2021; 284:119132. [PMID: 33513396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite developments in the treatment of various cancers, prostate cancer is one of the deadliest diseases known to men. Systemic therapies such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have not been very successful in treating this disease. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between cancer progression and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses that can lead to progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells significantly accumulate and increase in draining lymph nodes and PBMCs of patients with prostate cancer and other solid tumors. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Tregs can suppress anti-tumor responses, which is directly related to the increased risk of cancer recurrence. Tregs are essential for preserving self-tolerance and inhibiting extra immune responses harmful to the host. Since the tumor-related antigens are mainly self-antigens, Tregs could play a major role in tumor progression. Accordingly, it has discovered that prostate cancer patients with higher Tregs have poor prognosis and low survival rates. However, anti-tumor responses can be reinforced by suppression of Tregs with using monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and CTLA-4. Therefore, depleting Tregs or suppressing their functions could be one of the effective ways for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of Treg cells in the progression of prostate cancer and to evaluate effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer by regulating Treg cells.
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3
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Kim M, Kim JK, Ye C, Lee H, Oh JJ, Lee S, Jeong SJ, Lee SE, Hong SK, Byun SS. Clinical and pathologic characteristics of familial prostate cancer in Asian population. Prostate 2020; 80:57-64. [PMID: 31664733 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated prevalence of familial and hereditary prostate cancer (PCa) in Asian population, and compared clinical characteristics between familial and sporadic disease. METHODS Pedigrees of 1102 patients who were treated for PCa were prospectively acquired. Clinical and pathologic characteristics and biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival were compared between familial PCa and sporadic PCa in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP; n = 751). RESULTS The prevalence of familial, first-degree familial, and hereditary PCa was found to be 8.4%, 6.7%, and 0.9%, respectively; similar result was obtained in patients who underwent RP (8.4%, 6.4%, and 0.9%). Patients with familial PCa were significantly younger than those with sporadic PCa (63.3 vs 65.6 years; P = .015). However, preoperative variables (prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score [GS], and percentage of positive biopsy cores) and postoperative variables (surgical GS, upgrading rate, pathologic stage, and percentage of tumor volume) did not correlate with family history (P range: .114-.982). Kaplan-Meier analysis of 5-year BCR-free survival revealed no significant difference between sporadic (82.7%), familial (89.4%; P = .594), and first-degree familial (87.1%; P = .774) PCa. Analysis of p53, Bcl-2, Ki67, and other immunohistochemistry biomarkers revealed that only increasing p53 expression and first-degree familial PCa approached significance (P = .059). CONCLUSION The prevalence of familial PCa was somewhat lower in the Asian population than in other ethnic groups. Clinical and pathologic variables and selected histologic biomarker abnormalities were not significantly different in patients with and without a family history of PCa. BCR-free survival following RP was also unaffected by family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Kim
- Department of Urology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Ye
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakmin Lee
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Jin Oh
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Jeong
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Geijsen AJ, Brezina S, Keski‐Rahkonen P, Baierl A, Bachleitner‐Hofmann T, Bergmann MM, Boehm J, Brenner H, Chang‐Claude J, van Duijnhoven FJ, Gigic B, Gumpenberger T, Hofer P, Hoffmeister M, Holowatyj AN, Karner‐Hanusch J, Kok DE, Leeb G, Ulvik A, Robinot N, Ose J, Stift A, Schrotz‐King P, Ulrich AB, Ueland PM, Kampman E, Scalbert A, Habermann N, Gsur A, Ulrich CM. Plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer: A discovery-replication strategy. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1221-1231. [PMID: 30665271 PMCID: PMC6614008 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is known to arise from multiple tumorigenic pathways; however, the underlying mechanisms remain not completely understood. Metabolomics is becoming an increasingly popular tool in assessing biological processes. Previous metabolomics research focusing on colorectal cancer is limited by sample size and did not replicate findings in independent study populations to verify robustness of reported findings. Here, we performed a ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) screening on EDTA plasma from 268 colorectal cancer patients and 353 controls using independent discovery and replication sets from two European cohorts (ColoCare Study: n = 180 patients/n = 153 controls; the Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria (CORSA) n = 88 patients/n = 200 controls), aiming to identify circulating plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer and to improve knowledge regarding colorectal cancer etiology. Multiple logistic regression models were used to test the association between disease state and metabolic features. Statistically significant associated features in the discovery set were taken forward and tested in the replication set to assure robustness of our findings. All models were adjusted for sex, age, BMI and smoking status and corrected for multiple testing using False Discovery Rate. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from questionnaires and medical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J.M.R. Geijsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | | | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations ResearchUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Juergen Boehm
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jenny Chang‐Claude
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tanja Gumpenberger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | - Dieuwertje E. Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Anton Stift
- Department of SurgeryMedical University ViennaAustria
| | - Petra Schrotz‐King
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Alexis B. Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Biomarkers GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Genome BiologyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
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5
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Morrison BF, Gordon Y. Does a family history of prostate cancer affect screening behavior in Jamaican men? Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019; 42:e143. [PMID: 31093171 PMCID: PMC6385629 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2018.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine 1) the characteristics of males with a family history of prostate cancer who presented for screening and 2) the association between family history and diagnosis of prostate cancer in a cohort of screened Jamaican men. Methods The study consisted of a prospective cohort of black men who screened at the Jamaica Cancer Society in Kingston between 2006 and 2016. Data were collected on: 1) age at screening and age at diagnosis of prostate cancer, 2) family history of prostate cancer, and 3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. Results Approximately 600 (21.4%) of screened men who reported data on family history (2 791 / 2 867) said they had a family history of prostate cancer. Men with a family history of prostate cancer 1) commenced screening at a younger age than men without a family history (P <0.001) and 2) tended to have a younger age at diagnosis of prostate cancer (P = 0.262). There was no significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in men with a reported family history of prostate cancer (odds ratio: 1.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.821–2.386; P = 0.217). Conclusions Men with a family history of prostate cancer presented frequently for screening and earlier than those without. There was a lack of association between family history of prostate cancer and diagnosis. Further studies are needed to investigate this association and validate family histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda F Morrison
- Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies-Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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6
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McReynolds KM, Connors LM. Genomics of Prostate Cancer: What Nurses Need to Know. Semin Oncol Nurs 2019; 35:79-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Sattarifard H, Hashemi M, Hassanzarei S, Basiri A, Narouie B, Ghavami S. Long non-coding RNA POLR2E gene polymorphisms increased the risk of prostate cancer in a sample of the Iranian population. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 38:1-11. [PMID: 30587086 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2017.1391394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the impact of POLR2E rs1046040 and rs3787016 polymorphisms on prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a sample of southeast Iranian population. The present case-control study was performed on 178 patients with PCa and 180 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Genotyping of the variants was done by mismatch PCR-RFLP. The findings showed that the rs3787016 C > T variant significantly increased the risk of PCa in codominant (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.12-3.03, P = 0.018, CT vs CC), dominant (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.63-3.05, P = 0.011, CT + TT vas CC) and allele (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.52-2.72, P = 0.010, T vs C) inheritance model. Regarding rs1046040 C > T polymorphism, the findings revealed that the CT genotype significantly increased the risk of PCa compared to the CC genotype (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.03-2.49, P = 0.043). Furthermore, rs3787016 CT/rs1046040 CC as well as rs3787016 CT/rs1046040 CT increased the risk of PCa compared to the CC/CC genotype (p = 0.029 and p = 0.014, respectively). Haplotype analysis proposed that rs3787016 T/rs1046040 C significantly increased the risk of PCa compared to C/C (p = 0.037). No significant association was observed between POLR2E variants and clinicopathological characteristics of PCa patients. In conclusion, the findings propose that POLR2E variants may be a risk factor for susceptibility to PCa in a sample of Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Sattarifard
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran.,b Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran.,b Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Hassanzarei
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- c Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- c Department of Urology, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- d Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,e Health Policy Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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8
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Gielchinsky I, Chang J, Cusick T, Delprado W, Nguyen Q, Yuen C, Savdie R, Böhm M, Haynes AM, Scheltema MJ, Stricker PD. Prostate cancer in 432 men aged <50 years in the prostate-specific antigen era: a new outlook. BJU Int 2018; 122 Suppl 5:35-41. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Gielchinsky
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Prostate Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - John Chang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Prostate Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Thomas Cusick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Warick Delprado
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology; Macquarie Park NSW Australia
- School of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Kensington NSW Australia
| | - Quoc Nguyen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Carlo Yuen
- School of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Kensington NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Clinic; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Richard Savdie
- School of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Kensington NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Clinic; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Maret Böhm
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Haynes
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Matthijs J. Scheltema
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Prostate Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Phillip D. Stricker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Prostate Cancer Centre; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
- School of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Kensington NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Clinic; Sydney NSW Australia
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9
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Peng T, Zhang L, Zhu L, Mi YY. MSMB gene rs10993994 polymorphism increases the risk of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28494-28501. [PMID: 28212531 PMCID: PMC5438667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified microseminoprotein-β (MSMB) gene rs10993994 polymorphism was significantly associated with prostate cancer (PC) risk. However, the association between MSMB gene rs10993994 polymorphism and PC risk remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching in the databases of PubMed, and Embase. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using fixed-effect or random-effect models. A total of 11 publications containing 13 case-control studies for rs10993994 polymorphism were included in our analysis. Our data indicated that MSMB gene rs10993994 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of PC. Stratification analyses of ethnicity suggested rs10993994 polymorphism increased the risk of PC among Caucasians, but not among Asians. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that MSMB gene rs10993994 polymorphism increases the risk of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, PR China
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10
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The molecular biology of prostate cancer: current understanding and clinical implications. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 21:22-36. [PMID: 29282359 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-017-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With continuous progress over the past few decades in understanding diagnosis, treatment, and genetics, much has been learned about the prostate cancer-diagnosed genome. METHODS A comprehensive MEDLINE® and Google scholar literature search was conducted using keyword variations relating to the genetics of prostate cancer such as chromosomal alterations, androgen receptor, castration-resistant, inheritance, polymorphisms, oncogenes, metastasis, biomarkers, and immunotherapy. RESULTS Traditionally, androgen receptors (AR) have been the focus of research. Recently, identification of recurrent chromosomal alterations that lead to either multiplication of regions (gain-of-function) or deletion of regions (loss-of-function) has opened the door to greater genetic accessibility. These chromosomal aberrations lead to variation in copy number and gene expression. Some of these chromosomal alterations are inherited, while others undergo somatic mutations during disease progression. Inherited gene mutations that make one susceptible to prostate cancer have been identified with familial-linked studies. Somatic genes that progress tumorigenesis have also been identified. Research on the molecular biology of prostate cancer has characterized these genes into tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Additionally, genome-wide assay studies have identified many high-risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms recurrent throughout the prostate cancer-diagnosed genome. Castration-resistant prostate cancer is the most aggressive form of prostate cancer, and its research has elucidated many types of mutations associated with AR itself, including enhanced expression and amplification, point mutations, and alternative splicing. Understanding the molecular biology of prostate cancer has permitted more accurate identification using advanced biomarkers and therapy for aggressive forms using immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS An age-related disease, prostate cancer commands profound attention. With increasing life expectancy and the continuous pursuit of it, prostate cancer is a powerful obstacle best defeated using targeted therapies specifically designed for the unique molecular profile of the malignancy.
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11
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Hashemi M, Bahari G, Sattarifard H, Narouie B. Evaluation of a 3-base pair indel polymorphism within pre-microRNA-3131 in patients with prostate cancer using mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:696-700. [PMID: 28856004 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the impact of a 3-bp indel (rs57408770) polymorphism within the pre-microRNA (miR)-3131 polymorphism on prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a sample of an Iranian population. In total, 340 subjects, including 177 patients with PCa and 170 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, were enrolled in the present case-control study. A mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was designed for genotyping the 3-bp indel (rs57408770) polymorphism. The present findings demonstrated that the indel variant significantly increased the risk of PCa in codominant [odds ratio (OR)=2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-4.37; P=0.021, insertion (ins)/ins vs. deletion (del)/del] and recessive (OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.25-4.36; P=0.009, ins/ins vs. del/del + del/ins). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present findings for the first time proposed that a 3-bp indel variant of miR-3131 may be a risk factor for susceptibility to PCa in a sample of an Iranian population. Further studies with different ethnicities and larger sample sizes are required to validate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Hedieh Sattarifard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43181, Iran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Department of Urology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
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12
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Vaidyanathan V, Naidu V, Karunasinghe N, Jabed A, Pallati R, Marlow G, R. Ferguson L. SNP-SNP interactions as risk factors for aggressive prostate cancer. F1000Res 2017; 6:621. [PMID: 28580135 PMCID: PMC5437948 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11027.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most significant male health concerns worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are becoming increasingly strong candidate biomarkers for identifying susceptibility to PCa. We identified a number of SNPs reported in genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) as risk factors for aggressive PCa in various European populations, and then defined SNP-SNP interactions, using PLINK software, with nucleic acid samples from a New Zealand cohort. We used this approach to find a gene x environment marker for aggressive PCa, as although statistically gene x environment interactions can be adjusted for, it is highly impossible in practicality, and thus must be incorporated in the search for a reliable biomarker for PCa. We found two intronic SNPs statistically significantly interacting with each other as a risk for aggressive prostate cancer on being compared to healthy controls in a New Zealand population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Vaidyanathan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vijay Naidu
- School of Engineering,Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Anower Jabed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Radha Pallati
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Marlow
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lynnette R. Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
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Vaidyanathan V, Naidu V, Kao CHJ, Karunasinghe N, Bishop KS, Wang A, Pallati R, Shepherd P, Masters J, Zhu S, Goudie M, Krishnan M, Jabed A, Marlow G, Narayanan A, Ferguson LR. Environmental factors and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among a population of New Zealand men - a genotypic approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:681-698. [PMID: 28252132 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00873a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most significant health concerns for men worldwide. Numerous researchers carrying out molecular diagnostics have indicated that genetic interactions with biological and behavioral factors play an important role in the overall risk and prognosis of this disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are increasingly becoming strong biomarker candidates to identify susceptibility to prostate cancer. We carried out a gene × environment interaction analysis linked to aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) with a number of SNPs. By using this method, we identified the susceptible alleles in a New Zealand population, and examined the interaction with environmental factors. We have identified a number of SNPs that have risk associations both with and without environmental interaction. The results indicate that certain SNPs are associated with disease vulnerability based on behavioral factors. The list of genes with SNPs identified as being associated with the risk of PCa in a New Zealand population is provided in the graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Vaidyanathan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand. and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Vijay Naidu
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Chi Hsiu-Juei Kao
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand. and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | | | - Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Alice Wang
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand. and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Radha Pallati
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Phillip Shepherd
- Sequenom Facility, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan Masters
- Urology Department, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Shuotun Zhu
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand. and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Megan Goudie
- Urology Department, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, FMHS, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Anower Jabed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Gareth Marlow
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Ajit Narayanan
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand. and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Chandrasekaran G, Hwang EC, Kang TW, Kwon DD, Park K, Lee JJ, Lakshmanan VK. Computational Modeling of complete HOXB13 protein for predicting the functional effect of SNPs and the associated role in hereditary prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43830. [PMID: 28272408 PMCID: PMC5363706 DOI: 10.1038/srep43830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human HOXB13 gene encodes a 284 amino acid transcription factor belonging to the homeobox gene family containing a homeobox and a HoxA13 N-terminal domain. It is highly linked to hereditary prostate cancer, the majority of which is manifested as a result of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). In silico analysis of 95 missense SNP's corresponding to the non-homeobox region of HOXB13 predicted 21 nsSNP's to be potentially deleterious. Among 123 UTR SNPs analysed by UTRScan, rs543028086, rs550968159, rs563065128 were found to affect the UNR_BS, GY-BOX and MBE UTR signals, respectively. Subsequent analysis by PolymiRTS revealed 23 UTR SNPs altering the miRNA binding site. The complete HOXB13_M26 protein structure was modelled using MODELLER v9.17. Computational analysis of the 21 nsSNP's mapped into the HOXB13_M26 protein revealed seven nsSNP's (rs761914407, rs8556, rs138213197, rs772962401, rs778843798, rs770620686 and rs587780165) seriously resulting in a damaging and deleterious effect on the protein. G84E, G135E, and A128V resulted in increased, while, R215C, C66R, Y80C and S122R resulted in decreased protein stability, ultimately predicted to result in the altered binding patterns of HOXB13. While the genotype-phenotype based effects of nsSNP's were assessed, the exact biological and biochemical mechanism driven by the above predicted SNPs still needs to be extensively evaluated by in vivo and GWAS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eu Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Deuk Kwon
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsung Park
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Sato N, Shiota M, Shiga KI, Takeuchi A, Inokuchi J, Tatsugami K, Yokomizo A, Koga H, Yamaguchi A, Naito S, Eto M. Smoking effect on oncological outcome among men with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2017; 47:453-457. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Sato
- Division of Urology, Harasanshin Hospital, Fukuoka
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ario Takeuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tatsugami
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Yokomizo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Seiji Naito
- Division of Urology, Harasanshin Hospital, Fukuoka
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Stewart RW, Lizama S, Peairs K, Sateia HF, Choi Y. Screening for prostate cancer. Semin Oncol 2017; 44:47-56. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Ahmed M, Eeles R. Germline genetic profiling in prostate cancer: latest developments and potential clinical applications. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO87. [PMID: 28031937 PMCID: PMC5137984 DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial and twin studies have demonstrated a significant inherited component to prostate cancer predisposition. Genome wide association studies have shown that there are 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms which have been associated with the development of prostate cancer. This review aims to discuss the scientific methods used to identify these susceptibility loci. It will also examine the current clinical utility of these loci, which include the development of risk models as well as predicting treatment efficacy and toxicity. In order to refine the clinical utility of the susceptibility loci, international consortia have been developed to combine statistical power as well as skills and knowledge to further develop models that could be used to predict risk and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubl Ahmed
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
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18
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Guidance on patient consultation. Current evidence for prostate-specific antigen screening in healthy men and treatment options for men with proven localised prostate cancer. Curr Urol Rep 2015; 16:28. [PMID: 25773347 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-015-0502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this review is to summarise, for primary and secondary care doctors, the management options and current supporting evidence for clinically localised prostate cancer. We review all aspects of management including current guidelines on early cancer detection and the importance of informed consent on PSA-based screening and assess the most common treatment options and the evidence for managing patients with low-, medium-, and high-risk disease.
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Oh JJ, Park S, Lee SE, Hong SK, Lee S, Jo JK, Lee JK, Ho JN, Yoon S, Byun SS. Genome-wide detection of allelic genetic variation to predict advanced-stage prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy using an exome SNP chip. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:385.e7-13. [PMID: 26087972 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic variations among patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent radical prostatectomies were evaluated to predict advanced stage above T3 using an exome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip array. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected data of genetic SNP variants from 820 patients with PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) using a custom HumanExome BeadChip v1.0 (Illumina Inc.). We selected the SNPs that were most significantly associated with advanced-stage PCa (≥ T3) among the 242,186 SNPs that were genotyped, and we compared the accuracies of the associations using a multivariate logistic model that incorporated clinical factors and clinicogenetic factors. RESULTS Among the total cohort, 360 patients (43.9%) had advanced pathologic stage (≥ T3) after RP, of whom 262 (32.0%) had extracapsular extensions, 79 (9.6%) had seminal vesicle invasions, and 10 (1.3%) had bladder neck invasions. The exome array analysis indicated that 5 SNPs (rs6804162, rs8055236, rs56335308, rs6104, and rs12618769) were significant for predicting T3 stage after RP in patients with PCa. These genetic markers were significant factors after adjusting for other clinical parameters, and they increased the accuracy of a multivariate model for predicting advanced stage of PCa (83.9%-87.2%, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Based on a genetic array, the selected SNPs were found to be independent predictors for advanced stage after RP, and the addition of individualized genetic information effectively enhanced the accuracy of predicting advanced-stage disease. These results should be validated in another independent cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Jin Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ki Jo
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Nyoung Ho
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungroh Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Yingsukwattana K, Puttipipatkhachorn S, Ruktanonchai U, Sarisuta N. Enhanced permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers by specific mannosylating ligand of buserelin acetate proliposomes. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:69-79. [PMID: 25945393 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1039030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oral delivery of peptide and protein drugs still remains the area of challenges due to their low stability and permeability across GI tract. Among numerous attempts, the receptor-mediated drug targeting is a promising approach to enhance GI permeability. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to prepare mannosylated buserelin acetate (MANS-BA) proliposome powders grafted with N-octadecyl-d-mannopyranosylamine (SAMAN) as targeting moiety and evaluate their permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MANS-BA proliposome powders were prepared by coprecipitation method. The targeting moiety SAMAN was synthesized in-house and confirmed by characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). RESULTS The MANS-BA liposomes reconstituted from proliposome powders exhibited the oligolamellar vesicular structure of phospholipid bilayer. Their size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were in the ranges of 93.11-218.95 nm, -24.03 to -37.15 mV and 21.12-33.80%, respectively. The permeability of reconstituted MANS-BA liposomes across Caco-2 cell monolayers was significantly enhanced to about 1.2- and 2.2-fold over those of conventional BA liposomes and solution, respectively. DISCUSSION Increase in dicetylphosphate, cholesterol and SAMAN contents resulted in significant increase in size and zeta potential of reconstituted MAN-BA liposomes. The entrapment efficiency was increased with increasing dicetylphosphate and mannitol contents in liposomes containing cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS The significantly enhanced permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers of MANS-BA liposomes might be due to the role of mannose receptor on intestinal enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koson Yingsukwattana
- a Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Satit Puttipipatkhachorn
- a Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Uracha Ruktanonchai
- b National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency , Pathumthani , Thailand , and
| | - Narong Sarisuta
- c Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Thammasat University, Rangsit Center , Pathumthani , Thailand
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21
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Saarimäki L, Tammela TL, Määttänen L, Taari K, Kujala PM, Raitanen J, Auvinen A. Family history in the Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2172-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Saarimäki
- Tampere School of Medicine, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | - Teuvo L. Tammela
- Department of Surgery; Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
| | | | - Kimmo Taari
- Department of Urology; Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Paula M. Kujala
- Department of Pathology; Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research; Tampere Finland
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
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22
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Polymorphisms at long non-coding RNAs and prostate cancer risk in an eastern Chinese population. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014; 17:315-9. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Chen H, Liang X, Xu F, Xu B, He X, Huang B, Yuan M. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity evaluation of novel arylpiperazine derivatives on human prostate cancer cell lines. Molecules 2014; 19:12048-64. [PMID: 25120056 PMCID: PMC6271825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel arylpiperazine derivatives was synthesized. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of all synthesized compounds against three human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, and DU145) were evaluated by a CCK-8 assay. Compounds 9 and 15 exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against LNCaP cells (IC50 < 5 μM), and compound 8 (IC50 = 8.25 μM) possessed the most potent activity against DU145 cells. However, these compounds also exhibited cytotoxicity towards human epithelial prostate normal cells RWPE-1. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these arylpiperazine derivatives was also discussed based on the obtained experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Xue Liang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Fang Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Bingbing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Xuelan He
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Biyun Huang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| | - Mu Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 510182, China.
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Margel D, Benjaminov O, Ozalvo R, Shavit Grievink L, Kedar I, Yerushalmi R, Ben-Aharon I, Neiman V, Yossepowitch O, Kedar D, Levy Z, Shohat M, Brenner B, Baniel J, Rosenbaum E. Personalized prostate cancer screening among men with high risk genetic predisposition- study protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:528. [PMID: 25047061 PMCID: PMC4223504 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer screening among the general population is highly debatable. Nevertheless, screening among high-risk groups is appealing. Prior data suggests that men carrying mutations in the BRCA1& 2 genes may be at increased risk of developing prostate cancer. Additionally, they appear to develop prostate cancer at a younger age and with a more aggressive course. However, prior studies did not systematically perform prostate biopsies and thus cannot determine the true prevalence of prostate cancer in this population. Methods This will be a prospective diagnostic trial of screening for prostate cancer among men with genetic predisposition. The target population is males (40–70 year old) carrying a BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 germ line mutation. They will be identified via our Genetic counseling unit. All men after signing an informed consent will undergo the following tests: PSA, free to total PSA, MRI of prostate and prostate biopsy. The primary endpoint will be to estimate the prevalence, stage and grade of prostate cancer in this population. Additionally, the study aims to estimate the impact of these germ line mutations on benign prostatic hyperplasia. Furthermore, this study aims to create a bio-bank of tissue, urine and serum of this unique cohort for future investigations. Finally, this study will identify an inception cohort for future interventional studies of primary and secondary prevention. Discussion The proposed research is highly translational and focuses not only on the clinical results, but on the future specimens that will be used to advance our understanding of prostate cancer patho-physiology. Most importantly, these high-risk germ-line mutation carriers are ideal candidates for primary and secondary prevention initiatives. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02053805.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Margel
- Division of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
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Larkin SET, Zeidan B, Taylor MG, Bickers B, Al-Ruwaili J, Aukim-Hastie C, Townsend PA. Proteomics in prostate cancer biomarker discovery. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:93-102. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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What hinders minority ethnic access to cancer genetics services and what may help? Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:866-74. [PMID: 24253862 PMCID: PMC4060110 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnic disparities in use of cancer genetics services raise concerns about equitable opportunity to benefit from familial cancer risk assessment, improved survival and quality of life. This paper considers available research to explore what may hinder or facilitate minority ethnic access to cancer genetics services. We sought to inform service development for people of South Asian, African or Irish origin at risk of familial breast, ovarian, colorectal and prostate cancers in the UK. Relevant studies from the UK, North America and Australasia were identified from six electronic research databases. Current evidence is limited but suggests low awareness and understanding of familial cancer risk among minority ethnic communities studied. Socio-cultural variations in beliefs, notably stigma about cancer or inherited risk of cancer, are identified. These factors may affect seeking of advice from providers and disparities in referral. Achieving effective cross-cultural communication in the complex contexts of both cancer and genetics counselling, whether between individuals and providers, when mediated by third party interpreters, or within families, pose further challenges. Some promising experience of facilitating minority ethnic access has been gained by introduction of culturally sensitive provider and counselling initiatives, and by enabling patient self-referral. However, further research to inform and assess these interventions, and others that address the range of challenges identified for cancer genetics services are needed. This should be based on a more comprehensive understanding of what happens at differing points of access and interaction at community, cancer care and genetic service levels.
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27
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Parr K. Nutritional Management In Prostate Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118788707.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Heidenreich A, Bastian PJ, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Joniau S, van der Kwast T, Mason M, Matveev V, Wiegel T, Zattoni F, Mottet N. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent-update 2013. Eur Urol 2013; 65:124-37. [PMID: 24207135 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1385] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The most recent summary of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on prostate cancer (PCa) was published in 2011. OBJECTIVE To present a summary of the 2013 version of the EAU guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent of clinically organ-confined PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review of the new data emerging from 2011 to 2013 has been performed by the EAU PCa guideline group. The guidelines have been updated, and levels of evidence and grades of recommendation have been added to the text based on a systematic review of the literature, which included a search of online databases and bibliographic reviews. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A full version of the guidelines is available at the EAU office or online (www.uroweb.org). Current evidence is insufficient to warrant widespread population-based screening by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for PCa. Systematic prostate biopsies under ultrasound guidance and local anesthesia are the preferred diagnostic method. Active surveillance represents a viable option in men with low-risk PCa and a long life expectancy. A biopsy progression indicates the need for active intervention, whereas the role of PSA doubling time is controversial. In men with locally advanced PCa for whom local therapy is not mandatory, watchful waiting (WW) is a treatment alternative to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), with equivalent oncologic efficacy. Active treatment is recommended mostly for patients with localized disease and a long life expectancy, with radical prostatectomy (RP) shown to be superior to WW in prospective randomized trials. Nerve-sparing RP is the approach of choice in organ-confined disease, while neoadjuvant ADT provides no improvement in outcome variables. Radiation therapy should be performed with ≥ 74 Gy in low-risk PCa and 78 Gy in intermediate- or high-risk PCa. For locally advanced disease, adjuvant ADT for 3 yr results in superior rates for disease-specific and overall survival and is the treatment of choice. Follow-up after local therapy is largely based on PSA and a disease-specific history, with imaging indicated only when symptoms occur. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge in the field of PCa is rapidly changing. These EAU guidelines on PCa summarize the most recent findings and put them into clinical practice. PATIENT SUMMARY A summary is presented of the 2013 EAU guidelines on screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa). Screening continues to be done on an individual basis, in consultation with a physician. Diagnosis is by prostate biopsy. Active surveillance is an option in low-risk PCa and watchful waiting is an alternative to androgen-deprivation therapy in locally advanced PCa not requiring immediate local treatment. Radical prostatectomy is the only surgical option. Radiation therapy can be external or delivered by way of prostate implants. Treatment follow-up is based on the PSA level.
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Lazzeri M, Haese A, Abrate A, de la Taille A, Redorta JP, McNicholas T, Lughezzani G, Lista G, Larcher A, Bini V, Cestari A, Buffi N, Graefen M, Bosset O, Le Corvoisier P, Breda A, de la Torre P, Fowler L, Roux J, Guazzoni G. Clinical performance of serum prostate-specific antigen isoform [-2]proPSA (p2PSA) and its derivatives, %p2PSA and the prostate health index (PHI), in men with a family history of prostate cancer: results from a multicentre European study, the PROMEtheuS project. BJU Int 2013; 112:313-21. [PMID: 23826841 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum prostate-specific antigen isoform [-2]proPSA (p2PSA), %p2PSA and the prostate health index (PHI), in men with a family history of prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing prostate biopsy for suspected PCa. To evaluate the potential reduction in unnecessary biopsies and the characteristics of potentially missed cases of PCa that would result from using serum p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI. PATIENTS AND METHODS The analysis consisted of a nested case-control study from the PRO-PSA Multicentric European Study, the PROMEtheuS project. All patients had a first-degree relative (father, brother, son) with PCa. Multivariable logistic regression models were complemented by predictive accuracy analysis and decision-curve analysis. RESULTS Of the 1026 patients included in the PROMEtheuS cohort, 158 (15.4%) had a first-degree relative with PCa. p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI values were significantly higher (P < 0.001), and free/total PSA (%fPSA) values significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the 71 patients with PCa (44.9%) than in patients without PCa. Univariable accuracy analysis showed %p2PSA (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.733) and PHI (AUC: 0.733) to be the most accurate predictors of PCa at biopsy, significantly outperforming total PSA ([tPSA] AUC: 0.549), free PSA ([fPSA] AUC: 0.489) and %fPSA (AUC: 0.600) (P ≤ 0.001). For %p2PSA a threshold of 1.66 was found to have the best balance between sensitivity and specificity (70.4 and 70.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.4-80.7 and 59.4-79.5 respectively). A PHI threshold of 40 was found to have the best balance between sensitivity and specificity (64.8 and 71.3%, respectively; 95% CI 52.5-75.8 and 60.6-80.5). At 90% sensitivity, the thresholds for %p2PSA and PHI were 1.20 and 25.5, with a specificity of 37.9 and 25.5%, respectively. At a %p2PSA threshold of 1.20, a total of 39 (24.8%) biopsies could have been avoided, but two cancers with a Gleason score (GS) of 7 would have been missed. At a PHI threshold of 25.5 a total of 27 (17.2%) biopsies could have been avoided and two (3.8%) cancers with a GS of 7 would have been missed. In multivariable logistic regression models, %p2PSA and PHI achieved independent predictor status and significantly increased the accuracy of multivariable models including PSA and prostate volume by 8.7 and 10%, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI were directly correlated with Gleason score (ρ: 0.247, P = 0.038; ρ: 0.366, P = 0.002; ρ: 0.464, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS %p2PSA and PHI are more accurate than tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA in predicting PCa in men with a family history of PCa. Consideration of %p2PSA and PHI results in the avoidance of several unnecessary biopsies. p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI correlate with cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Lazzeri
- Department of Urology, Ospedale San Raffaele Turro, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Geybels MS, Verhage BAJ, van Schooten FJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Advanced prostate cancer risk in relation to toenail selenium levels. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1394-401. [PMID: 23878355 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium may prevent advanced prostate cancer (PCa), but most studies on this topic were conducted in populations with moderate to high selenium status. We investigated the association of toenail selenium, reflecting long-term selenium exposure, and advanced PCa risk in a population from the Netherlands where low selenium status is widespread. METHODS The analysis was conducted in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, which included 58 279 men aged 55 to 69 years at baseline in 1986. All cohort members completed a baseline questionnaire, and approximately 79% of participants provided toenail clippings, which were used for toenail selenium measurements using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Incident advanced PCa case subjects from the entire cohort were identified during 17.3 years of follow-up. The study employed a case-cohort design for which a random subcohort was sampled at baseline. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. All tests were two-sided. RESULTS Complete toenail selenium data were available for 898 advanced (International Union Against Cancer stage III/IV) PCa case subjects and 1176 subcohort members. The average toenail selenium concentration of subcohort members was 0.550 µg/g. Toenail selenium was associated with a reduced risk of advanced PCa; adjusted hazard ratio for the highest vs lowest quintile was 0.37 (95% CI = 0.27 to 0.51; P trend < .001). For stage IV PCa, men in the highest vs lowest quintile of toenail selenium had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.30 (95% CI = 0.21 to 0.45; P trend < .001). CONCLUSIONS Toenail selenium was associated with a substantial decrease in risk of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S Geybels
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, (MSG, BAJV, PAvdB) and Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism (FJvS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands (RAG)
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Glass JM. Prostate cancer families - predicting disease before and after the radical. BJU Int 2013; 111:527-8. [PMID: 23551437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2013.10817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jayapalan JJ, Ng KL, Razack AHA, Hashim OH. Identification of potential complementary serum biomarkers to differentiate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia using gel- and lectin-based proteomics analyses. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1855-62. [PMID: 22740474 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is currently much reliant on the invasive and time-consuming transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate gland, particularly in light of the inefficient use of prostate-specific antigen as its biomarker. In the present study, we have profiled the sera of patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using the gel- and lectin-based proteomics methods and demonstrated the significant differential expression of apolipoprotein AII, complement C3 beta chain fragment, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 fragment, transthyretin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and high molecular weight kininogen (light chain) between the two groups of patients' samples. Our data are suggestive of the potential use of the serum proteins as complementary biomarkers to effectively discriminate PCa from BPH, although this requires further extensive validation on clinically representative populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime J Jayapalan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pal RP, Maitra NU, Mellon JK, Khan MA. Defining prostate cancer risk before prostate biopsy. Urol Oncol 2012; 31:1408-18. [PMID: 22795499 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. At present, patients are selected for prostate biopsy on the basis of age, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostatic digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. However, due to limitations in the use of PSA and DRE, many patients undergo unnecessary prostate biopsy. A further problem arises as many patients are diagnosed and treated for indolent disease. This review of the literature highlights the strengths and weaknesses of existing methods of prebiopsy risk stratification and evaluates promising serum, urine, and radiologic prostate cancer biomarkers, which may improve risk stratification for prostate biopsy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj P Pal
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Department of Urology, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
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Quelle prise en charge pour les hommes asymptomatiques, porteurs d’une mutation du gène BRCA1 ou 2 ? Résultat d’une enquête de pratique auprès des centres d’oncogénétique français. Bull Cancer 2012; 99:417-23. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2012.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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McGrowder DA, Jackson LA, Crawford TV. Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Syndrome: Is there a link? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1-13. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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36
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Isa MR, Ming MF, Abdul Razack AH, Zainuddin ZM, Zainal NZ. General health related quality of life and associated factors among prostate cancer patients in two tertiary medical centers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:5999-6004. [PMID: 23464393 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.5999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of quality of life among prostate cancer patients helps the health care providers to understand the impact of the disease in the patients' own perspective. The main aim of this study is to measure the quality of life among prostate cancer patients at University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) and to ascertain the association factors for physical coefficient summary (PCS) and mental coefficient summary (MCS). A hospital based, cross sectional study using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire was conducted over a period of 6 months. A total of 193 respondents were recruited. Their total quality of life score was 70.1± 14.7 and the PCS score was lower compared to MCS. The factors associated for PCS were: age, living partner, renal problem, urinary problem of intermittency, dysuria and hematuria. Factors associated for MCS were: age, living partner, renal problem, presenting prostatic specific antigen and urinary problem of intermittency and dysuria. Our prostate cancer patients had moderate quality of life in the physical health components but their mental health was less affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Rodi Isa
- Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Teknology, MARA, Malaysia.
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37
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Prostate Cancer. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Heck MM, Kron M, Gschwend JE, Herkommer K. Effect of family history on outcome in German patients treated with radical prostatectomy for clinically localised prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:1312-7. [PMID: 22056636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The outcome of prostate cancer (CaP) patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) might be influenced by family history (FH) in a subset of patients. We analysed the effect of sporadic, familial and hereditary CaP stratified by risk on clinico-pathologic characteristics and biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) following RP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 8041 German patients treated with RP between 1994 and 2008 in Germany were analysed. We evaluated the impact of FH stratified by D'Amico's risk classification on pathologic characteristics using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests. The impact of FH stratified by risk on bRFS was analysed in a proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Five thousand seven hundred and fifty six (71.6%) had sporadic, 1779 (22.1%) familial and 506 (6.3%) hereditary CaP. Adjusted for risk group, FH was associated with age of onset <65 years (p<0.001) but not with pathological characteristics or bRFS. The subgroup of patients with high risk and hereditary CaP numerically had the lowest bRFS rate at 5 (52.9%) and 10 (30.7%) years. However, this observation was statistically insignificant (p = 0.267). Familial and hereditary CaP patients were 1-2 years younger than sporadic cases at CaP diagnosis. CONCLUSION Sporadic, familial and hereditary CaP have the same pathologic characteristics and bRFS rate following RP. Patients with a positive family history are diagnosed earlier than sporadic patients. Stratification in subgroups by risk group did not add further information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Heck
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Heidenreich A, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Joniau S, Mason M, Matveev V, Mottet N, Schmid H, van der Kwast T, Wiegel T, Zattoni F. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part I: screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Heidenreich A, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Joniau S, Mason M, Matveev V, Mottet N, Schmid HP, van der Kwast T, Wiegel T, Zattoni F. [EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part I: screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised disease]. Actas Urol Esp 2011; 35:501-14. [PMID: 21757259 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to present a summary of the 2010 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised cancer of the prostate (PCa). METHODS The working panel performed a literature review of the new data emerging from 2007 to 2010. The guidelines were updated, and level of evidence and grade of recommendation were added to the text based on a systematic review of the literature, which included a search of online databases and bibliographic reviews. RESULTS A full version is available at the EAU office or Web site (www.uroweb.org). Current evidence is insufficient to warrant widespread population-based screening by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for PCa. A systematic prostate biopsy under ultrasound guidance and local anaesthesia is the preferred diagnostic method. Active surveillance represents a viable option in men with low-risk PCa and a long life expectancy. PSA doubling time in < 3 yr or a biopsy progression indicates the need for active intervention. In men with locally advanced PCa in whom local therapy is not mandatory, watchful waiting (WW) is a treatment alternative to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with equivalent oncologic efficacy. Active treatment is mostly recommended for patients with localised disease and a long life expectancy with radical prostatectomy (RP) shown to be superior to WW in a prospective randomised trial. Nerve-sparing RP represents the approach of choice in organ-confined disease; neoadjuvant androgen deprivation demonstrates no improvement of outcome variables. Radiation therapy should be performed with at least 74Gy and 78Gy in low-risk and intermediate/high-risk PCa, respectively. For locally advanced disease, adjuvant ADT for 3 yr results in superior disease-specific and overall survival rates and represents the treatment of choice. Follow-up after local therapy is largely based on PSA, and a disease-specific history with imaging is indicated only when symptoms occur. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge in the field of PCa is rapidly changing. These EAU guidelines on PCa summarise the most recent findings and put them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heidenreich
- Departamento de Urología, Universidad RWTH Aachen, Alemania.
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Mandal RK, Singh V, Kapoor R, Mittal RD. Do polymorphisms in XRCC4 influence prostate cancer susceptibility in North Indian population? Biomarkers 2011; 16:236-42. [PMID: 21506695 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.547599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE XRCC4 play a key role in nonhomologous end-joining repair pathway. Alterations in DNA repair gene have been shown to reduce DNA repair capacity thereby inflicting carcinogenesis. METHODS In a hospital-based case-control study, 192 prostate cancer (PCa) and 224 healthy controls. They were genotyped for XRCC4 G-1394T (rs6869366), intron 3 (rs28360071) intron 7 (rs28360317) and intron 7 (rs1805377), polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULT Carriers of GG genotype of rs6869366 were at reduced risk. Del/Del of rs28360071 and 28360317 demonstrated increased risk. The haplotype analysis was observed to be associated with a significant increase in PCa risk. Combined genotype of rs6869366, rs28360071 and rs1805377 have shown significant risk with high Gleason grade. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the variant genotype of XRCC4 rs28360071 and rs28360317 and haplotype analysis may be associated with PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju K Mandal
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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42
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Hosain GMM, Sanderson M, Du XL, Chan W, Strom SS. Racial/ethnic differences in predictors of PSA screening in a tri-ethnic population. Cent Eur J Public Health 2011; 19:30-4. [PMID: 21526653 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was carried out to identify racial/ethnic differences in predictors of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in a group of prostate cancer patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 935 prostate cancer patients were recruited from the Texas Medical Center, Houston, between 1996 and 2004. It included 372 Caucasians, 346 African Americans and 217 Hispanics. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and life-style related variables, and self-reported PSA screening history through personal interview. RESULTS African American (54.4%) and Hispanic patients (42.3%) were significantly less likely (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively) to report having had PSA screening than Caucasian patients (63.2%). Only annual check-up was found to be a significant predictor of PSA screening in Hispanics. Among Caucasians, education and annual check-up were significant predictors of PSA screening; whereas in African Americans, education, annual check-up, marital status and BMI were significant predictors of PSA screening. CONCLUSIONS The rates of PSAscreening and its predictors varied by race/ethnicity in this tri-ethnic population. Health-education programs and culturally appropriate educational outreach efforts, especially targeted for high-risk groups, are needed to reduce these disparities.
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Pakkanen S, Kujala PM, Ha N, Matikainen MP, Schleutker J, Tammela TL. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of familial prostate cancer in Finland. BJU Int 2011; 109:557-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Kral M, Rosinska V, Student V, Grepl M, Hrabec M, Bouchal J. GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF PROSTATE CANCER: A REVIEW. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2011; 155:3-9. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.155.2011.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A new retrovirus, xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV), was identified in 2006 and an association was claimed between it and a genetic polymorphism predisposing to cancer of the prostate. In 2009 the same virus was identified in a cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In 2010 a second related virus was identified in a separate group of CFS patients. A series of studies from disparate geographical areas have failed to substantiate this work. Most recently several papers have suggested that the detection of these viruses was explained by laboratory contamination. SOURCES OF DATA All papers including the wording XMRV were abstracted from the NIH library of medicine database and included in the analysis. AREAS OF AGREEMENT XMRV is a newly described retrovirus whose nucleic acid has been identified in samples from patients with both prostate cancer and CFS. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Opinions differ as to whether the detected nucleic acid indicates infection with this virus in this disease or whether laboratory contamination of samples accounts for its presence. GROWING POINTS An increasing number of papers now refute the association of XMRV with human disease in humans although there is some evidence of serological reactivity to the virus. While it is unlikely that XMRV is a major cause of either prostate cancer or CFS, it can infect human cells and might yet have a role in human disease. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Further studies to either prove or disprove the disease association of the virus are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Kenyon
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Madersbacher S, Alcaraz A, Emberton M, Hammerer P, Ponholzer A, Schröder FH, Tubaro A. The influence of family history on prostate cancer risk: implications for clinical management. BJU Int 2010; 107:716-721. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.10024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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47
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Heidenreich A, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Joniau S, Mason M, Matveev V, Mottet N, Schmid HP, van der Kwast T, Wiegel T, Zattoni F. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part 1: screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised disease. Eur Urol 2010; 59:61-71. [PMID: 21056534 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1089] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to present a summary of the 2010 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised cancer of the prostate (PCa). METHODS The working panel performed a literature review of the new data emerging from 2007 to 2010. The guidelines were updated, and level of evidence and grade of recommendation were added to the text based on a systematic review of the literature, which included a search of online databases and bibliographic reviews. RESULTS A full version is available at the EAU office or Web site (www.uroweb.org). Current evidence is insufficient to warrant widespread population-based screening by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for PCa. A systematic prostate biopsy under ultrasound guidance and local anaesthesia is the preferred diagnostic method. Active surveillance represents a viable option in men with low-risk PCa and a long life expectancy. PSA doubling time in <3 yr or a biopsy progression indicates the need for active intervention. In men with locally advanced PCa in whom local therapy is not mandatory, watchful waiting (WW) is a treatment alternative to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with equivalent oncologic efficacy. Active treatment is mostly recommended for patients with localised disease and a long life expectancy with radical prostatectomy (RP) shown to be superior to WW in a prospective randomised trial. Nerve-sparing RP represents the approach of choice in organ-confined disease; neoadjuvant androgen deprivation demonstrates no improvement of outcome variables. Radiation therapy should be performed with at least 74 Gy and 78 Gy in low-risk and intermediate/high-risk PCa, respectively. For locally advanced disease, adjuvant ADT for 3 yr results in superior disease-specific and overall survival rates and represents the treatment of choice. Follow-up after local therapy is largely based on PSA, and a disease-specific history with imaging is indicated only when symptoms occur. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge in the field of PCa is rapidly changing. These EAU guidelines on PCa summarise the most recent findings and put them into clinical practice.
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Sexton WJ, Spiess PE, Pisters LL, Carpenter S, Madsen LT, Zagone R, Wang X, Troncoso P. Are there differences in zonal distribution and tumor volume of prostate cancer in patients with a positive family history? Int Braz J Urol 2010; 36:571-82. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382010000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fredolini C, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF. Application of proteomic technologies for prostate cancer detection, prognosis, and tailored therapy. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2010; 47:125-38. [PMID: 20858067 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2010.503558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer affects 3 in 10 men over the age of 50 years, and, unfortunately, the clinical course of the disease is poorly predicted. At present, there is no means that can distinguish indolent from aggressive/metastatic tumors. Thus, a personalized clinical approach could be helpful in diagnosing clinically relevant disease and guiding appropriate patient therapy. Individualized medicine requires a deep knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underpinning prostate cancer carcinogenesis. Proteomics may be the most powerful way to uncover biomarkers of detection, prognosis, and prediction, as proteins do the work of the cell and represent the majority of the diagnostic markers and drug targets today. Proteomic technologies are rapidly advancing beyond the two-dimensional gel separation techniques of the past to new types of mass spectrometry and protein microarray analyses. Biological fluids and tissue-cell proteomes from men with prostate cancer are being explored to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets using these new proteomic approaches. Traditional and novel proteomic technology and their application to prostate cancer studies in translational research will be presented and discussed in this review. Proteomics coupled with powerful nanotechnology-based biomarker discovery approaches may provide a new and exciting opportunity for body fluid-borne biomarker discovery and characterization. While innovative mass spectrometry technology and nanotrap could be applied to improve the discovery and measurement of biomarkers for the early detection of prostate cancer, the use of tissue proteomic tools such as the reverse-phase protein microarray may provide new approaches for personalization of therapies tailored to each tumor's unique pathway activation network.
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50
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Grundmark B, Garmo H, Loda M, Busch C, Holmberg L, Zethelius B. The metabolic syndrome and the risk of prostate cancer under competing risks of death from other causes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:2088-96. [PMID: 20647401 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and prostate cancer development have not been studied comprehensively; results have been divergent. Using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment panel III (NCEP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions of the MetS, we investigated such associations taking competing risks of death into consideration. METHODS In the prospective Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men of 2,322 Caucasian men with 34 years of follow-up baseline, MetS measurements at age 50 years were used. Cumulative incidence of prostate cancer and death with/without the MetS were calculated. Competing risk of dying was taken into account by calculating the conditional probability of prostate cancer with/without the MetS. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-seven prostate cancers were identified. Prostate cancer probability by age 80 years with baseline MetS compared with without MetS was nonsignificantly higher [5.2 percent units (confidence interval (CI), -0.8% to 11.3%; NCEP); 2.7 percent units (CI, -2.7% to 8.0%; IDF)]; cumulative incidence proportions of death was significantly higher [19.3 percent units (CI, 13.4-25.3%; NCEP); 15.3 percent units (CI, 9.5-21.1%; IDF)]; and conditional probability of prostate cancer considering death from other causes was significantly higher [7.3 percent-units (CI, 0.2-14.5%); odds ratio of 1.64 (CI, 1.03-2.23; NCEP)] and nonsignificantly higher [5.0 percent-units (CI, -1.6% to 11.6%); odds ratio of 1.43 (CI, 0.89-1.90; IDF]. CONCLUSIONS The MetS by the NCEP definition is associated with prostate cancer, taking the competing risk of early death from other causes into account. IMPACT The results further highlight the public health effect of the increasing prevalence of MetS and the importance of considering competing risks when studying risk factors for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Grundmark
- Regional Oncologic Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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