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Vafaie A, Raveshi MR, Devendran C, Nosrati R, Neild A. Making immotile sperm motile using high-frequency ultrasound. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2864. [PMID: 38354240 PMCID: PMC10866541 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Sperm motility is a natural selection with a crucial role in both natural and assisted reproduction. Common methods for increasing sperm motility are by using chemicals that cause embryotoxicity, and the multistep washing requirements of these methods lead to sperm DNA damage. We propose a rapid and noninvasive mechanotherapy approach for increasing the motility of human sperm cells by using ultrasound operating at 800 mW and 40 MHz. Single-cell analysis of sperm cells, facilitated by droplet microfluidics, shows that exposure to ultrasound leads to up to 266% boost to motility parameters of relatively immotile sperm, and as a result, 72% of these immotile sperm are graded as progressive after exposure, with a swimming velocity greater than 5 micrometer per second. These promising results offer a rapid and noninvasive clinical method for improving the motility of sperm cells in the most challenging assisted reproduction cases to replace intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with less invasive treatments and to improve assisted reproduction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vafaie
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Raveshi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Citsabehsan Devendran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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2
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Hanley PJ. Elusive physiological role of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP): generation of choline for sperm motility via auto-and paracrine cholinergic signaling. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1327769. [PMID: 38187135 PMCID: PMC10766772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1327769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) exists as two splice variants, secreted PAP and transmembrane PAP, the latter of which is implicated in antinociceptive signaling in dorsal root ganglia. However, PAP is predominantly expressed in the prostate gland and the physiological role of seminal PAP, first identified in 1938, is largely unknown. Here, the author proposes that PAP, following ejaculation, functions to hydrolyze phosphocholine (PC) in seminal fluid and generate choline, which is imported by sperm via a choline transporter and converted to acetylcholine (ACh) by choline acetyltransferase. Auto- and paracrine cholinergic signaling, or choline directly, may subsequently stimulate sperm motility via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) and contractility of the female reproductive tract through muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs). Consistent with a role of PAP in cholinergic signaling, 1) seminal vesicles secrete PC, 2) the prostate gland secretes PAP, 3) PAP specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of PC into inorganic phosphate and choline, 4) seminal choline levels increase post-ejaculation, 5) pharmacological inhibition of choline acetyltransferase inhibits sperm motility, 6) inhibition or genetic deletion of α7 nAChRs impairs sperm motility, and 7) mAChRs are expressed in the uterus and oviduct (fallopian tube). Notably, PAP does not degrade glycerophosphocholine (GPC), the predominant choline source in the semen of rats and other mammals. Instead, uterine GPC phosphodiesterases may liberate choline from seminal GPC. In summary, the author deduces that PAP in humans, and uterine GPC phosphodiesterases in other mammals, function to generate choline for sperm cholinergic signaling, which promotes sperm motility and possibly contractility of the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Hanley
- IMM Institute for Molecular Medicine, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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3
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Schiffer C, Rieger S, Brenker C, Young S, Hamzeh H, Wachten D, Tüttelmann F, Röpke A, Kaupp UB, Wang T, Wagner A, Krallmann C, Kliesch S, Fallnich C, Strünker T. Rotational motion and rheotaxis of human sperm do not require functional CatSper channels and transmembrane Ca 2+ signaling. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102363. [PMID: 31957048 PMCID: PMC7024840 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigation of sperm in fluid flow, called rheotaxis, provides long‐range guidance in the mammalian oviduct. The rotation of sperm around their longitudinal axis (rolling) promotes rheotaxis. Whether sperm rolling and rheotaxis require calcium (Ca2+) influx via the sperm‐specific Ca2+ channel CatSper, or rather represent passive biomechanical and hydrodynamic processes, has remained controversial. Here, we study the swimming behavior of sperm from healthy donors and from infertile patients that lack functional CatSper channels, using dark‐field microscopy, optical tweezers, and microfluidics. We demonstrate that rolling and rheotaxis persist in CatSper‐deficient human sperm. Furthermore, human sperm undergo rolling and rheotaxis even when Ca2+ influx is prevented. Finally, we show that rolling and rheotaxis also persist in mouse sperm deficient in both CatSper and flagellar Ca2+‐signaling domains. Our results strongly support the concept that passive biomechanical and hydrodynamic processes enable sperm rolling and rheotaxis, rather than calcium signaling mediated by CatSper or other mechanisms controlling transmembrane Ca2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schiffer
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Steffen Rieger
- Optical Technologies Group, Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph Brenker
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Samuel Young
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hussein Hamzeh
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Minerva Max Planck Research Group, Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Röpke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - U Benjamin Kaupp
- Molecular Sensory Systems, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Alice Wagner
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Krallmann
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Fallnich
- Optical Technologies Group, Institute of Applied Physics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Strünker
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), Münster, Germany
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4
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Clemesha CG, Thaker H, Samplaski MK. 'Testosterone Boosting' Supplements Composition and Claims Are not Supported by the Academic Literature. World J Mens Health 2020; 38:115-122. [PMID: 31385468 PMCID: PMC6920068 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Men take testosterone (T) boosting supplements to naturally improve T levels. We evaluated the composition and advertised claims of "T boosting" supplements, and supporting published evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty "T booster" supplements were evaluated for active ingredients and product claims, discovered via Google search. PubMed was reviewed for any literature supporting the claims, followed by review of Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) and upper tolerable intake level (UL) for each component. RESULTS Ninety percent of supplements claimed to "boost T", 50% "improve libido", and 48% "feel stronger". One-hundred nine unique components were found, with a mean number of 8.3 per product. On PubMed, 24.8% of supplements had data showing an increase in T with supplementation, 10.1% had data showing a decrease in T, and 18.3% had data showing no change in T. No data were found on 61.5% of supplements on their effect on T. Supplements contained a median 1,291% of the RDA for vitamin B12, 807.6% for vitamin B6, 272% of zinc, 200% of vitamin B5, and 187.5% of vitamin B3. Thirteen products exceeded the US Food and Drug Administration UL of ingredients (zinc, vitamin B3, and magnesium). CONCLUSIONS Ninety percent of "T booster" supplements claimed to boost T. However, only 24.8% of these had data to support these claims. A total of 10.1% contained components with data suggesting a negative effect on T. Many had supra-therapeutic doses of vitamins and minerals, occasionally over the UL. Patients should be informed that "T booster" supplements may not have ingredients to support their claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase G Clemesha
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hatim Thaker
- Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mary K Samplaski
- Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lin Y, Zhang J, Lei W, Li M, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Chen L, Yang J, Liang J, Chen Y. Diltiazem aggravates testicular function impairment induced by cyclosporine A or tacrolimus in unilateral nephrectomised rats. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13251. [PMID: 30821033 DOI: 10.1111/and.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the reproductive toxicity of the coadministration of diltiazem and cyclosporine A or tacrolimus. Testicular development, semen quality, sex hormones and testicular tissues were assessed in unilateral nephrectomised (UN) rats, including the control group, UN group, UN+CsA group, UN+FK506 group, UN+Rapa group, UN+CsA+Dil group and UN+FK506+Dil group. The testicular coefficient, the sperm number and the sperm motility were lower in the treatment groups (except UN+FK506) than in the control and UN groups (all p < 0.05). The lowest sperm number and motility were identified in the UN+CsA+Dil group, followed by the UN+CsA group. The proportion of abnormal sperm was higher in the UN+CsA and UN+CsA+Dil groups than in the control and UN groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of sex hormones were changed in the treatment groups. Dil can increase the blood concentrations of CsA and FK506 (◇p < 0.05, ◆p < 0.05). Therapeutic doses of these agents induced morphological changes in the testicular tissue and ultrastructural changes in the testosterone, mesenchymal cells and supporting cells. Our present study suggests that Dil can increase the testicular toxicity of CNIs (calcineurin inhibitors, including CsA and FK506) by enhancing the plasma concentrations of CNIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Reproductive Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaoyuan Li
- Department of Andrology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Electron Microscope, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjian Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehui Chen
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Bao W, Xie L, Zeng X, Kang H, Wen S, Cui B, Li W, Qian Y, Wu J, Li T, Deng K, Xin HB, Wang X. A Cocktail-Inspired Male Birth Control Strategy with Physical/Chemical Dual Contraceptive Effects and Remote Self-Cleared Properties. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1003-1011. [PMID: 30698012 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by cocktails, we designed a medium term (2-20 weeks) male contraceptive strategy. Through a sequential injection process of four reagents (calcium alginate hydrogel, PEG-Au nanoparticles (PEG-AuNps), EDTA, and PEG-AuNps), physical clogging of the vas deferens and chemical inhibition of the sperm motility were realized simultaneously. The contraceptive period could be directly preset by adjusting the injection ratio of each reagent. More interesting, the embolism area could be readily dredged through a short-time noninvasive near-infrared irradiation. The present study offered an effective and reversible manner to fill the gap of current medium-term contraceptive strategy. In addition, the proposed in vivo pipeline plugging technology, with a flexible noninvasive self-cleared characteristic, might also provide a convenient and reliable strategy for some other biomedical engineering researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Bao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
- College of Basic Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
- College of Life Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Zeng
- Institute of Life Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Hang Kang
- Institute of Life Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Wen
- Institute of Life Science , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Ben Cui
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Wenting Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Yisong Qian
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Keyu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies: Institition of Translational Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
- College of Chemistry , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330088 , P.R. China
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7
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Molecular hydrogen may enhance the production of testosterone hormone in male infertility through hormone signal modulation and redox balance. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:6-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Sikka SC. Andrology Lab Corner*: Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Andrology and Assisted Reproductive Technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:5-18. [PMID: 14662779 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Sikka
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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9
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Torres-Flores V, Picazo-Juárez G, Hernández-Rueda Y, Darszon A, González-Martínez MT. Sodium influx induced by external calcium chelation decreases human sperm motility. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:2626-35. [PMID: 21810864 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium removal from the medium promptly reduces human sperm motility and induces a Na(+)-dependent depolarization that is accompanied by an increase in intracellular sodium concentration ([Na(+)](i)) and a decrease in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Sodium loading activates a Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. METHODS Membrane potential (Vm) and [Ca(2+)](i) were simultaneously detected in human sperm populations with the fluorescent probes diSC(3)(5) and fura 2. [Na(+)](i) and was measured independently in a similar fashion using sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate. Motility was determined in a CASA system, ATP was measured using the luciferin-luciferase assay, and cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Human sperm motility reduction after calcium removal is related to either Na(+)-loading or Na(+)-dependent depolarization, because, under conditions that inhibit the calcium removal-induced Na(+)-dependent depolarization and [Na(+)](i) increase, sperm motility was unaffected. By clamping sperm Vm with valinomycin, we found that the motility reduction associated with the calcium removal was related to sodium loading, and not to membrane potential depolarization. Mibefradil, a calcium channel blocker, markedly inhibited the Na(+)-dependent depolarization and sodium loading, and also preserved sperm motility. In the absence of calcium, both ATP and cAMP concentrations were decreased by 40%. However ATP levels were unchanged when calcium removal was performed under conditions that inhibit the calcium removal-induced Na(+)-dependent depolarization and [Na(+)](i) increase. CONCLUSIONS Human sperm motility arrest induced by external calcium removal is mediated principally by sodium loading, which would stimulate the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and in turn deplete the ATP content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Torres-Flores
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF México.
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Sadeghipou H, Amini M, Naghibi Ha Z, Daneshgar P, Vosooghi M, Shafiee A. Synthesis of Dihydropyridine Analogues for Sperm Immobilizing Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2008.158.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Bernabò N, Tettamanti E, Pistilli MG, Nardinocchi D, Berardinelli P, Mattioli M, Barboni B. Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field on the morphology and function of boar spermatozoa capacitated in vitro. Theriogenology 2006; 67:801-15. [PMID: 17196643 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an acute exposure to a sinusoidal MF-ELF (50 Hz, 1mT) on the ability of boar mature spermatozoa to acquire the fertilizing competence in vitro. The spermatozoa exposed during the 4h of incubation to the MF-ELF were evaluated for morphological (surface morphology and acrosome integrity) and functional parameters (cell viability, motility, induction of acrosomal reaction, AR, and the ability to in vitro fertilize oocytes). In parallel, the intracellular Ca(2+) levels as well as the major mechanisms of Ca(2+) clearance were assessed: (45)Ca intakes and intracellular Ca(2+) sequestration by analyzing intracellular Ca(2+) elevation induced by thapsigargin or studying mitochondrial function with Mito-Tracker. The MF-ELF exposure did not affect sperm viability and morphology during the first h of incubation when sperm Ca(2+) homeostasis were already compromised. First of all, MF-ELF treated spermatozoa showed resting intracellular Ca(2+) levels significantly lower than those recorded in controls. This result was dependent on a lower extracellular Ca(2+) intake and from the inhibitory role exerted on both intracellular Ca(2+) storages. As a consequence, after 1h of incubation MF-ELF exposed cells displayed a reduced motility, a modest reactivity when coincubated with solubilized zonae pellucidae and a reduction in oocyte penetrating ability. After 2 or 4h of incubation, in addition, signs of morphological damage appeared on plasma membrane and at acrosomal level. In conclusion, MF-ELF influence negatively spermatozoa first by impairing cell Ca(2+) homeostasis then by dramatically affecting sperm morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bernabò
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Science, P.zza Aldo Moro 45, Teramo, Italy
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12
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13
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Wood BL, Doncel GF, Reddy PR, Sokal DC. Effect of diltiazem and methylene blue on human sperm motility, viability and cervical mucus penetration: potential use as vas irrigants at the time of vasectomy. Contraception 2003; 67:241-5. [PMID: 12618261 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify compounds that could potentially be useful for vas irrigation at the time of vasectomy. We studied the in vitro effects of a group of membrane-active and ion-channel blocking agents on human sperm motility, viability and cervical mucus penetration. Diltiazem, an anti-arrhythmic drug, and methylene blue, an agent commonly used in vasography, showed the most promising effects with marked reduction of sperm motility and cervical mucus penetration after incubation with sperm for a short period of 15 min. Diltiazem was more effective than methylene blue in inhibiting the motility and viability of sperm. Furthermore, unlike methylene blue, diltiazem significantly compromised sperm viability. Other compounds studied, such as lidocaine, nicardipine and Neosporin((R)), showed only partial inhibitory activity. Based on the data reported herein, both diltiazem and methylene blue appear to be suitable candidates to be developed for vas irrigation at the time of vasectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Wood
- Sperm Biology and Contraceptive Research Laboratory, CONRAD Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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14
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Karaca AG, Parker HM, McDaniel CD. Elevated body temperature directly contributes to heat stress infertility of broiler breeder males. Poult Sci 2002; 81:1892-7. [PMID: 12512583 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.12.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the male reproductive tract, sperm, or both may be responsible for heat stress infertility of broiler breeder males. The present study was conducted to determine the direct effects of hyperthermia during heat stress on sperm viability, the spermquality index (SQI), and seminal plasma ion concentrations by incubation of semen in vitro at and above normal body temperature. Thirty-seven Cobb males were divided into the upper (best group = B) and lower (poor group = P) 50% of the population according to their SQI. Semen characteristics and seminal plasma ion concentrations (Ca++, Na+, K+, and Cl-) for B and P males were evaluated at two temperature treatments (41.5 and 42.5 C) and four incubation times (0, 30, 60, and 90 min). The results revealed that sperm viability and the SQI were decreased by increasing incubation temperature and duration of exposure. Seminal plasma ion concentrations were not affected by semen incubation temperature; however, plasma Ca++ concentration in the P-SQI group was higher than that of the B-SQI group. Seminal plasma K+ concentration increased in both SQI groups over time. In conclusion, it is apparent that changes in semen characteristics due to elevated body temperature alone contribute to heat stress infertility of broiler breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Karaca
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
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15
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Almeida SA, Teófilo JM, Anselmo Franci JA, Brentegani LG, Lamano-Carvalho TL. Antireproductive effect of the calcium channel blocker amlodipine in male rats. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 2000; 52:353-6. [PMID: 10987190 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(00)80062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether treatment of male rats with the calcium antagonist amlodipine, used in the treatment of hypertension and angina, interferes with the reproductive function of male rats. Amlodipine treatment (0.04 mg amlodipine besylate/rat/day for 30 days) decreased plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone but not luteinizing hormone or prolactin concentrations (measured by double-antibody radioimmuno-assay). A significant reduction (23%) was observed in sperm density (sperm suspension collected from the cauda epididymidis) as well as in the amount of mature spermatids (14%) and Sertoli cells (9%) counted in seminiferous tubule cross-sections (400 x magnification). The results reveal the deleterious effects of subacute amlodipine treatment on the reproductive function of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Almeida
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Morales P, Pizarro E, Kong M, Kerr B, Ceric F, Vigil P. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated sperm binding to the human zona is mediated by a calcium influx. Biol Reprod 2000; 63:635-42. [PMID: 10906075 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod63.2.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which GnRH increases sperm-zona pellucida binding in humans was investigated in this study. We tested whether GnRH increases sperm-zona binding in Ca(2+)-free medium and in the presence of Ca(2+) channel antagonists. We also examined the GnRH effect on the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Sperm treatment with GnRH increased sperm-zona binding 300% but only when Ca(2+) was present in the medium. In Ca(2+)-free medium or in the presence of 400 nM nifedipine, 80 microM diltiazem, or 50 microM verapamil, GnRH did not influence sperm-zona binding. GnRH increased the [Ca(2+)](i) in the sperm in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum effect was reached with 75 nM GnRH. The GnRH-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was fast and transient, from a basal [Ca(2+)](i) of 413 +/- 22 nM to a peak value of 797 +/- 24 nM. The GnRH-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was entirely due to a Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular medium because the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was blocked by the Ca(2+) chelator EGTA and by the Ca(2+) channel antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem. These antagonists, however, were not able to inhibit the progesterone-activated Ca(2+) influx. On the contrary, T-type calcium channel antagonists pimozide and mibefradil did not affect GnRH-activated Ca(2+) influx but inhibited the progesterone-activated Ca(2+) influx. Finally, the GnRH-induced Ca(2+) influx was blocked by two specific GnRH antagonists, Ac-D-Nal(1)-Cl-D-Phe(2)-3-Pyr-D-Ala(3)-Arg(5)-D-Glu(AA)(6)-GnRH and Ac-(3,4)-dehydro-Pro(1),-p-fluoro-D-Phe(2), D-Trp(3,6)-GnRH. These results suggest that GnRH increases sperm-zona binding via an elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) through T-type, voltage-operated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Morales
- Unit of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
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Saito K, Kinoshita Y, Yumura Y, Iwasaki A, Hosaka M. Effects of extracellular ions on the reactivation of human spermatozoa preserved in electrolyte-free solution. Andrologia 1999; 31:211-5. [PMID: 10470411 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0272.1999.00271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been reported that human spermatozoa preserved in an electrolyte-free solution can survive for several weeks at 4 degrees C. However, the motility of spermatozoa after preservation cannot be restored when incubated at 37 degrees C, unless reactivated by extracellular alkalisation. Under weak acidic conditions, the reactivation is induced by > or = 10 mmol l-1 Na+ and inhibited by a Na(+)-H+ antiporter inhibitor. The addition of > or = 0.1 mmol l-1 K+ also induces the reactivation. In the present study, the reactivation was induced by > or = 0.1 mmol l-1 Rb+ or > or = 1 mmol l-1 Cs+ at an acidic pH. The maximum motility rate with K+, Rb+ or Cs+ was obtained at 10-20 mmol l-1 and inhibited by 10(-5)-10(-2) mol l-1 ouabain in a dose-dependent manner, while ouabain had no effect on the Na(+)-induced reactivation. The addition of K+ further increased sperm motility reactivated by Na+, which was also inhibited by ouabain. The addition of Ca2+ did not induce the reactivation or increase sperm motility reactivated by Na+ or K+. It was concluded that activation of the ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Na(+)-H+ exchange mechanism has an important role in sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saito
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kuo YL, Tzeng WL, Chiang HK, Ni RF, Lee TC, Young ST. New system for long-term monitoring of sperm motility: EDTA effect on semen. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1998; 41:127-33. [PMID: 9730441 DOI: 10.3109/01485019808987954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs act as sperm stimulants and are of clinical value for male infertility. Current research deals with the physiological mechanisms of sperm motility/sperm stimulation and how long the effect lasts. For such a study, long-term monitoring of sperm motility becomes essential for traditional semen evaluation. A new system was designed to deal with the microscopic images of semen. Its performance was evaluated by studying the effect of EDTA on sperm motility. EDTA increased sperm curvilinear velocity (Vcl) and straight-line velocity (Vsl) by 31 and 20%. EDTA also prolonged the duration of motility by 68 and 61%, respectively. However, EDTA had less effect on the linearity of forward progression (Lin). The proposed system can analyze semen and does well at monitoring sperm motility for short term and long term. It may be valuable to test the possible role of sperm stimulation for male infertility and assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan
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Bourinbaiar AS, Lee CH. Synergistic effect of gramicidin and EDTA in inhibiting sperm motility and cervical mucus penetration in vitro. Contraception 1996; 54:367-72. [PMID: 8968665 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(96)00205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gramicidin, a linear polypeptide with antiviral and antimicrobial properties, was compared in vitro with a commonly used spermicidal detergent-nonoxynol-9 (N9). The inhibition of sperm functions was evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) for sperm motility, in cervical mucus penetration assay, and by colorimetric tetrazolium salt and lactate dehydrogenase release assays routinely employed for testing the toxicity of drugs. The effective 100% inhibitory concentration (IC100) of gramicidin in a 2-min sperm immobilization assay by CASA was equal to 4 micrograms/ml, whereas IC100 of N9 was equal to 200 micrograms/ml. The presence of 0.1% of chelating agent, EDTA, reduced IC100 of gramicidin to 10 ng/ml, while less than a twofold enhancement in N9 activity was observed upon combination with EDTA. Likewise, the gramicidin/EDTA combination was 100,000 times more potent than N9/EDTA in the sperm penetration assay. Quantitative toxicity tests confirmed that gramicidin is a potent spermostatic rather than spermicidal agent. Further development of a gramicidin/EDTA formulation is warranted as a nontoxic topical contraceptive with activity against viral and microbial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
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The effect of calcium ion channel blockers on sperm fertilization potential*†*Supported in part by an office based research grant from the American Foundation for Urologic Disease with funds contributed by Searle.†The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Prize Paper presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, October 11 to 14, 1993. Fertil Steril 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cowart CL, London SN, Vernon MW, Pedigo NG. The effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, forskolin, and theophylline on motility parameters in gossypol-treated human sperm. Fertil Steril 1994; 61:929-34. [PMID: 8174733 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)56708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of gossypol on human sperm in vitro and the mechanism for the effect. DESIGN Fresh sperm ejaculates obtained from normal donors to the University of Kentucky Andrology Donor Program were exposed to gossypol. Motility was studied manually and using computer-assisted sperm analysis. In subsequent experiments, the effects of forskolin, theophylline, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on sperm motion were measured. SETTING University of Kentucky Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Andrology Laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Manual and computer-assisted measurements of sperm motility and motion characteristics. RESULTS Gossypol inhibited sperm motility, which could be reversed partially by increasing cAMP. CONCLUSION Gossypol exposure in vitro adversely affects sperm motility in a dose- and time-dependent manner by a cAMP-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Cowart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0084
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Serres C, Feneux D, Berthon B. Decrease of internal free calcium and human sperm movement. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 1991; 18:228-40. [PMID: 2060032 DOI: 10.1002/cm.970180308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the effects of calcium on the movement of human spermatozoa, studies were conducted using motile cells selected by swim-up migration at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air in a synthetic BWW medium containing 1.7 x 10(-3) M CaCl2 or BWW without added calcium (BWW-Ca). Preliminary experiments have confirmed that the addition of EGTA (5 x 10(-3); 10(-2) M) to BWW medium decreased the intracellular calcium concentration ((Ca++)i) of spermatozoa, as measured in cells loaded with a fluorescent Ca++ indicator, Quin-2. Concomitant measurements of (Ca++)i and sperm movement (analysed by videomicrography at 200 f/s at room temperature) were carried out on Quin-2 loaded cells incubated in BWW-Ca medium plus EGTA (10(-5) M; 10(-4) M; 10(-3) M). Under these conditions a decrease in (Ca++)i was observed and associated with a decrease in mean amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH). Analysis using an automatic analyser (Hamilton Thorn at 37 degrees C) confirmed these results: the percentage of spermatozoa swimming with ALH greater than or equal to 6 microns is decreased when the external free calcium in BWW-Ca is decreased by the addition of 10(-5) M, 10(-4) M, or 10(-3) M EGTA. Flagellar analysis of the sperm population characterized by ALH greater than or equal to 6 microns showed a large proximal curvature of the tail associated with a low propagation wave velocity and a low beat frequency as compared to the spermatozoa with ALH less than 6 microns with similar progressive velocities. These characteristics result in a high flagellar beat efficiency (in terms of head displacement per beat). The disappearance of this pattern of movement when intracellular calcium is lowered indicates that calcium plays a complex role in the relationship between curvature and wave propagation. The ability of spermatozoa to modulate their movement in response to an alteration in the intracellular calcium level confirms the role of calcium in controlling flagellar movement in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Serres
- Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction et du Développement, Histologie, Embryologie, Cytogénétique, Centre Hospitalier, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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