1
|
Almodóvar-Payá A, Villarreal-Salazar M, de Luna N, Nogales-Gadea G, Real-Martínez A, Andreu AL, Martín MA, Arenas J, Lucia A, Vissing J, Krag T, Pinós T. Preclinical Research in Glycogen Storage Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Current Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249621. [PMID: 33348688 PMCID: PMC7766110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GSD are a group of disorders characterized by a defect in gene expression of specific enzymes involved in glycogen breakdown or synthesis, commonly resulting in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues (primarily the liver and skeletal muscle). Several different GSD animal models have been found to naturally present spontaneous mutations and others have been developed and characterized in order to further understand the physiopathology of these diseases and as a useful tool to evaluate potential therapeutic strategies. In the present work we have reviewed a total of 42 different animal models of GSD, including 26 genetically modified mouse models, 15 naturally occurring models (encompassing quails, cats, dogs, sheep, cattle and horses), and one genetically modified zebrafish model. To our knowledge, this is the most complete list of GSD animal models ever reviewed. Importantly, when all these animal models are analyzed together, we can observe some common traits, as well as model specific differences, that would be overlooked if each model was only studied in the context of a given GSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitana Almodóvar-Payá
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-P.); (M.V.-S.); (A.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.L.); (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Mónica Villarreal-Salazar
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-P.); (M.V.-S.); (A.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.L.); (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Noemí de Luna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.L.); (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.)
- Laboratori de Malalties Neuromusculars, Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.L.); (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.)
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediàtriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d’Investigacio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol i Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alberto Real-Martínez
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-P.); (M.V.-S.); (A.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.L.); (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Antoni L. Andreu
- EATRIS, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Miguel Angel Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.L.); (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.)
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.L.); (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.)
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.V.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (J.V.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-P.); (M.V.-S.); (A.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.d.L.); (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934894057
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lage E, Vaquero JJ, Sisniega A, España S, Tapias G, Abella M, Rodríguez-Ruano A, Ortuño JE, Udías A, Desco M. Design and performance evaluation of a coplanar multimodality scanner for rodent imaging. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:5427-41. [PMID: 19700817 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/18/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the development and performance evaluation of the VrPET/CT, a new multimodality scanner with coplanar geometry for in vivo rodent imaging. The scanner design is based on a partial-ring PET system and a small-animal CT assembled on a rotatory gantry without axial displacement between the geometric centers of both fields of view (FOV). We report on the PET system performance based on the NEMA NU-4 protocol; the performance characteristics of the CT component are not included herein. The accuracy of inter-modality alignment and the imaging capability of the whole system are also evaluated on phantom and animal studies. Tangential spatial resolution of PET images ranged between 1.56 mm at the center of the FOV and 2.46 at a radial offset of 3.5 cm. The radial resolution varies from 1.48 mm to 1.88 mm, and the axial resolution from 2.34 mm to 3.38 mm for the same positions. The energy resolution was 16.5% on average for the entire system. The absolute coincidence sensitivity is 2.2% for a 100-700 keV energy window with a 3.8 ns coincident window. The scatter fraction values for the same settings were 11.45% for a mouse-sized phantom and 23.26% for a rat-sized phantom. The peak noise equivalent count rates were also evaluated for those phantoms obtaining 70.8 kcps at 0.66 MBq/cc and 31.5 kcps at 0.11 MBq/cc, respectively. The accuracy of inter-modality alignment is below half the PET resolution, and the image quality of biological specimens agrees with measured performance parameters. The assessment presented in this study shows that the VrPET/CT system is a good performance small-animal imager, while the cost derived from a partial ring detection system is substantially reduced as compared with a full-ring PET tomograph.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lage
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soto-Montenegro ML, Conejero L, Vaquero JJ, Baeza ML, Zubeldia JM, Desco M. Assessment of airway distribution of transnasal solutions in mice by PET/CT imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 11:263-8. [PMID: 19340489 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transnasal administration is one of the most common routes for allergen challenge in mouse models of airway diseases. Although this technique is widely used, neither the amount of allergen that reaches the lung nor its airway distribution has been well established. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) to examine the anatomical distribution of a solution containing a tracer immediately after transnasal delivery and to determine the possible influence of age and administered volume. PROCEDURES Forty-six female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups according to instillation volume and age: (A) 15 microl, 8-10 weeks old (N = 10), (B) 30 microl, 8-10 weeks old (N = 20), and (C) 30 microl, 32 weeks old (N = 16). Anesthetized animals underwent a dynamic scan in a dedicated small-animal PET scanner immediately after transnasal administration of a solution containing (18)FDG. Regions of interest were used to obtain quantitative data. Animals were also imaged with a small-animal CT scanner to obtain complementary anatomical information. RESULTS Mean +/- SD (5.69 +/- 4.51%) of the solution administered reached the lungs in group A, 41.84 +/- 8.03% in group B, and 36.65 +/- 16.15% in group C. A comparable percentage was delivered to the left and right lungs in all the groups. Analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the groups in the proportion of the solution that reached the lungs depending on the injection volume (P < 0.001), but not depending on animal age. CONCLUSIONS In this first report on quantitative imaging by PET and CT in small animals, we confirmed the suitability of the transnasal route with an instilled volume of 30 microl delivering fluids into the lower airways, although only about 40% of the dose reaches the lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Soto-Montenegro
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Belkaid A, Currie JC, Desgagnés J, Annabi B. The chemopreventive properties of chlorogenic acid reveal a potential new role for the microsomal glucose-6-phosphate translocase in brain tumor progression. Cancer Cell Int 2006; 6:7. [PMID: 16566826 PMCID: PMC1440869 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlorogenic acid (CHL), the most potent functional inhibitor of the microsomal glucose-6-phosphate translocase (G6PT), is thought to possess cancer chemopreventive properties. It is not known, however, whether any G6PT functions are involved in tumorigenesis. We investigated the effects of CHL and the potential role of G6PT in regulating the invasive phenotype of brain tumor-derived glioma cells. Results RT-PCR was used to show that, among the adult and pediatric brain tumor-derived cells tested, U-87 glioma cells expressed the highest levels of G6PT mRNA. U-87 cells lacked the microsomal catalytic subunit glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)-α but expressed G6Pase-β which, when coupled to G6PT, allows G6P hydrolysis into glucose to occur in non-glyconeogenic tissues such as brain. CHL inhibited U-87 cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 secretion, two prerequisites for tumor cell invasion. Moreover, CHL also inhibited cell migration induced by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent mitogen for glioblastoma multiform cells, as well as the rapid, S1P-induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase phosphorylation potentially mediated through intracellular calcium mobilization, suggesting that G6PT may also perform crucial functions in regulating intracellular signalling. Overexpression of the recombinant G6PT protein induced U-87 glioma cell migration that was, in turn, antagonized by CHL. MMP-2 secretion was also inhibited by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-depleting agents 2-deoxyglucose and 5-thioglucose, a mechanism that may inhibit ATP-mediated calcium sequestration by G6PT. Conclusion We illustrate a new G6PT function in glioma cells that could regulate the intracellular signalling and invasive phenotype of brain tumor cells, and that can be targeted by the anticancer properties of CHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Belkaid
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre BIOMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Currie
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre BIOMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Desgagnés
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre BIOMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Département de Chimie, Centre BIOMED, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lampidis TJ, Kurtoglu M, Maher JC, Liu H, Krishan A, Sheft V, Szymanski S, Fokt I, Rudnicki WR, Ginalski K, Lesyng B, Priebe W. Efficacy of 2-halogen substituted D-glucose analogs in blocking glycolysis and killing "hypoxic tumor cells". Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006; 58:725-34. [PMID: 16555088 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is currently in phase I clinical trials to selectively target slow-growing hypoxic tumor cells, 2-halogenated D-glucose analogs were synthesized for improved activity. Given the fact that 2-DG competes with D-glucose for binding to hexokinase, in silico modeling of molecular interactions between hexokinase I and these new analogs was used to determine whether binding energies correlate with biological effects, i.e. inhibition of glycolysis and subsequent toxicity in hypoxic tumor cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a QSAR-like approach along with a flexible docking strategy, it was determined that the binding affinities of the analogs to hexokinase I decrease as a function of increasing halogen size as follows: 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-FG) > 2-chloro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-CG) > 2-bromo-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-BG). Furthermore, D-glucose was found to have the highest affinity followed by 2-FG and 2-DG, respectively. Similarly, flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion assays showed that the efficacy of the halogenated analogs in preferentially inhibiting growth and killing hypoxic vs. aerobic cells increases as a function of their relative binding affinities. These results correlate with the inhibition of glycolysis as measured by lactate inhibition, i.e. ID50 1 mM for 2-FG, 6 mM for 2-CG and > 6 mM for 2-BG. Moreover, 2-FG was found to be more potent than 2-DG for both glycolytic inhibition and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our in vitro results suggest that 2-FG is more potent than 2-DG in killing hypoxic tumor cells, and therefore may be more clinically effective when combined with standard chemotherapeutic protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Lampidis
- School of Medicine and Sylvester Cancer Center, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jagoda EM, Vaquero JJ, Seidel J, Green MV, Eckelman WC. Experiment assessment of mass effects in the rat: implications for small animal PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2005; 31:771-9. [PMID: 15246368 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In vivo imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) is important in the development of new radiopharmaceuticals in rodent animal models for use as biochemical probes, diagnostic agents, or in drug development. We have shown mathematically that, if small animal imaging studies in rodents are to have the same "quality" as human PET studies, the same number of coincidence events must be detected from a typical rodent imaging "voxel" as from the human imaging voxel. To achieve this using the same specific activity preparation, we show that roughly the same total amount of radiopharmaceutical must be given to a rodent as to a human subject. At high specific activities, the mass associated with human doses, when administered to a rodent, may not decrease the uptake of radioactivity at non saturable sites or sites where an enzyme has a high capacity for a substrate. However, in the case of binding sites of low density such as receptors, the increased mass injected could saturate the receptor and lead to physiologic effects and non-linear kinetics. Because of the importance of the mass injected for small animal PET imaging, we experimentally compared high and low mass preparations using ex vivo biodistribution and phosphorimaging of three compounds: 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG), 6-fluoro-L-metatyrosine (FMT) and one receptor-directed compound, the serotonin 5HT1A receptor ligand, trans-4-fluoro-N-[2-[4-(2-methoxylphenyl) piperazino]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridyl) cyclohexane- carboxamide (FCWAY). Changes in the mass injected per rat did not affect the distribution of FDG, FMT, and FCWAY in the range of 0.6-1.9 nmol per rat. Changes in the target to nontarget ratio were observed for injected masses of FCWAY in the range of approximately 5-50 nmol per rat. If the specific activity of such compounds and/or the sensitivity of small animal scanners are not increased relative to human studies, small animal PET imaging will not correctly portray the "true" tracer distribution. These difficulties will only be exacerbated in animals smaller than the rat, e.g., mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Jagoda
- PET Dept., Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892-1180, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eckelman WC. The use of gene-manipulated mice in the validation of receptor binding radiotracer. Nucl Med Biol 2003; 30:851-60. [PMID: 14698789 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(03)00123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William C Eckelman
- PET Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|