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Fecker R, Magyari-Pavel IZ, Cocan I, Alexa E, Popescu IM, Lombrea A, Bora L, Dehelean CA, Buda V, Folescu R, Danciu C. Oxidative Stability and Protective Effect of the Mixture between Helianthus annuus L. and Oenothera biennis L. Oils on 3D Tissue Models of Skin Irritation and Phototoxicity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2977. [PMID: 36365432 PMCID: PMC9655351 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the oxidative stability as well as to assess the protective effect of the mixture of Helianthus annuus L. (HAO) and Oenothera biennis L. (OBO) oils on 3D tissue models of skin irritation and phototoxicity. The following methods were used: GS analysis (fatty acids composition), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay (TBA) (lipid oxidation degree of tested samples), 3D EpiDerm models (skin irritation and phototoxicity). For HAO the detected saturated fatty acids (SFA) were palmitic acid (7.179%), stearic acid (3.586%), eicosanoic (0.138%) and docosanoic acid (0.548%) The monounsaturated acids (MUFA) were palmitoleic acid (0.158%) and oleic acid (28.249%) and the polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) were linoleic acid (59.941%) and linolenic acid (0.208%). For OBO the detected SFA were myristic acid (0.325%), pentadecylic acid (0.281%), palmitic (7.2%), stearic (2.88%), and arachidic acid (0.275%). Regarding MUFA, even a lower proportion (8.196%) was observed, predominantly being oleic acid, cis form (7.175%), oleic (n10) (0.558%) and 11-eicosenoic (0.210%) acids. The higher content was found for PUFA (82.247%), the most significant proportions being linoleic acid (72.093%), arachidonic acid (9.812%) and linolenic (0.233%). Obtained data indicate a good oxidative stability and biocompatibility of the mixture on the 3D EpiDerm models with no irritant and no phototoxic effects. Oenothera biennis L. oil may be an excellent natural choice in order to delay or prevent oxidative damage of Helianthus annuus L. oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Fecker
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Zinuca Magyari-Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ileana Cocan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iuliana Maria Popescu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Lombrea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Larisa Bora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Valentina Buda
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Communication in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Folescu
- Department of Balneology, Medical Recovery and Rheumatology, Family Discipline, Center for Preventive Medicine, Center for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Pathology and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 00041 Timişoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
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Lee Y, Park SH, Lee JH, Ryu HW, Jang HJ, Kim WJ, Hwang E, Kim SJ, Jun HS, Ha UH. The Anti-Tumor Effects of Oenothera odorata Extract Are Mediated by Inhibition of Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration in Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2078-2088. [PMID: 32964733 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1824000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell division and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Oenothera odorata (O. odorata) extract is used in herbal medicine to inhibit inflammation, but its potential anti-tumor properties have not been fully evaluated. Here, we demonstrated that O. odorata extract inhibits the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell lines In Vitro, and also inhibits the growth of melanoma cells In Vivo. After partitioning the extract with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, it was found that the butanol-soluble (OOB) and water-soluble (OOW) fractions of O. odorata extract are effective at inhibiting tumor cell growth In Vivo although OOW is more effective than OOB. Interestingly, these fractions did not inhibit the growth of non-cancerous cells. The anti-proliferative effects of the OOW fraction were found to be mediated by inhibition of glycolysis and cellular respiration. UPLC of both fractions showed two major common peaks, which were predicted to be hydrolyzable tannin-related compounds. Taken together, these data suggest that O. odorata extract has anti-tumor properties, and the molecular mechanism involves metabolic alterations and inhibition of cell proliferation. O. odorata extract therefore holds promise as a novel natural product for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Park
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheong-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheong-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheong-ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hwang
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Division of Cosmetic and Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Jun
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Hwan Ha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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Protective Effects of Evening Primrose Oil against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Biochemical, Histopathological, and Genotoxic Alterations in Mice. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020098. [PMID: 32033362 PMCID: PMC7168665 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a well-known antineoplastic agent; however, its clinical use can be associated with various organ toxicities. Evening primrose oil (EPO) contains several phytoconstituents with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This experimental study was performed to investigate the chemoprotective effects of EPO in the liver and pancreas of CP-intoxicated mice. Thirty-two albino mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: group I received saline (control mice), group II were treated with CP at 100 mg/kg/day for two subsequent days, and groups III and VI were treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg/day bw EPO, respectively for 14 days, followed by two doses of CP at the 15th and 16th days of the experiment. Then, mice were sacrificed and histopathological examinations, biochemical studies, and DNA laddering tests were conducted for hepatic and pancreatic tissues. Cyclophosphamide-intoxicated mice showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in the serum levels of liver enzymes, pancreatic amylase and tissue levels of malondialdehyde, and TNF-α, as well as a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the serum insulin level. In addition, both hepatic and pancreatic tissues showed disturbed tissue architecture, hydropic degeneration, congested vessels, and inflammatory infiltrates, as well as increased DNA fragmentation. In a dose-dependent manner, pretreatment with EPO was associated with significant improvements (p < 0.05) in all biochemical parameters and significant amelioration of histopathological alterations and DNA fragmentation in CP-intoxicated mice. Pretreatment with EPO showed significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genoprotective effects against the toxic effects of CP in mice hepatic and pancreatic tissues.
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Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization (EDH) in Diabetes: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153737. [PMID: 31370156 PMCID: PMC6695796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is an important health issue worldwide. Long-term diabetes causes endothelial dysfunction, which in turn leads to diabetic vascular complications. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide is a major vasodilator in large-size vessels, and the hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cells mediated by the endothelium plays a central role in agonist-mediated and flow-mediated vasodilation in resistance-size vessels. Although the mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications are multifactorial and complex, impairment of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) of vascular smooth muscle cells would contribute at least partly to the initiation and progression of microvascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms of impaired EDH in diabetes in animals and humans. We also discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at the prevention and restoration of EDH in diabetes.
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Coppey L, Davidson E, Shevalye H, Torres ME, Yorek MA. Effect of dietary oils on peripheral neuropathy-related endpoints in dietary obese rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:117-127. [PMID: 29674850 PMCID: PMC5898889 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s159071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary oils (olive, safflower, evening primrose, flaxseed, or menhaden) enriched in different mono unsaturated fatty acids or polyunsaturated fatty acids on peripheral neuropathies in diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats at 12 weeks of age were fed a high-fat diet (45% kcal) for 16 weeks. Afterward, the rats were fed diets with 50% of the kilocalories of fat derived from lard replaced by the different dietary oils. In addition, a control group fed a standard diet (4% kcal fat) and a high fat fed group (45% kcal) were maintained. The treatment period was 32 weeks. The endpoints evaluated included motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, thermal sensitivity, innervation of sensory nerves in the cornea and skin, and vascular relaxation by epineurial arterioles. RESULTS Menhaden oil provided the greatest benefit for improving peripheral nerve damage caused by dietary obesity. Similar results were obtained when we examined acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation of epineurial arterioles of the sciatic nerve. Enriching the diets with fatty acids derived from the other oils provided minimal to partial improvements. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from fish oil could be an effective treatment for neural and vascular complications associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Coppey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric Davidson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hanna Shevalye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael E Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark A Yorek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Iowa City Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Correspondence: Mark A Yorek, Building 41, Room 127, 601 Highway 6 West, Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA, Tel +1 319 338 0581, ext 7696, Fax +1 319 339 7162, Email
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Gur S, Rezk BM, Abd Elmageed ZY, Kadowitz PJ, Sikka SC, Hellstrom WJG. Characterisation of pomegranate juice effects on human corpus cavernosum. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27785815 DOI: 10.1111/and.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (POM) juice may benefit the erectile process, but the scientific evidence is lacking. This study evaluates the molecular characterisation and confirmation of POM's action on human corpus cavernosum (HCC) obtained from patients (n = 16) undergoing penile prosthesis implantation. After phenylephrine contraction, the relaxant effects of POM with various inhibitors in the presence and absence of palmitic acid (PA)-induced acute oxidative stress were investigated. Electrical field stimulation (EFS)- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation were performed using organ bath preparation. Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5A and cGMP levels were assessed in cells from ex vivo organ cultures of HCC, using RT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry techniques. POM induced marked relaxation of HCC (maximum response: 97.0 ± 3.1%) and reversed the PA-induced decrease of EFS (20 Hz). nNOS transcription was increased by 7-fold in POM-treated cells without influencing eNOS and PDE5A expressions. We conclude that POM induced marked relaxation of HCC via: (i) nNOS stimulation, and (ii) downstream relaxation stimulated by nNOS and cGMP and bypassing the NO and PDE5. This action provides a rationale for the therapeutic or preventative use of POM in men with erectile dysfunction who do not respond well to PDE5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - B M Rezk
- Biology Units, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Z Y Abd Elmageed
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - P J Kadowitz
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - S C Sikka
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - W J G Hellstrom
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Abstract
Most information on the aetiology of experimental diabetic neuropathy comes from studies on rodent models, particularly the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. The major factor that impairs small and large nerve fibre function is a decrease in nerve and ganglion perfusion. This leads to reduced conduction velocity, increased resistance to ischaemic conduction failure, blunted regenerative capacity, painful neuropathy, and autonomic nerve dysfunction. Hyperglycaemia, altered lipid metabolism and reduced insulin action combine to cause adverse metabolic effects on vasa nervorum, vascular endothelium being a notable target. The resultant reduced vasodilation and increased vasoconstriction causes endoneurial hypoxia. Oxidative stress is of primary importance, due to increased production of reactive oxygen species from a plethora of intra- and extracellular sources. Advanced glycation and carbonyl stress play a supporting role, as does essential fatty acid dysmetabolism. These mechanisms are associated with alterations in cell signalling mediated by protein kinases, nuclear factor Kappa B and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E Cameron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK,
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Musicki B, Bella AJ, Bivalacqua TJ, Davies KP, DiSanto ME, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Hannan JL, Kim NN, Podlasek CA, Wingard CJ, Burnett AL. Basic Science Evidence for the Link Between Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2015; 12:2233-55. [PMID: 26646025 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although clinical evidence supports an association between cardiovascular/metabolic diseases (CVMD) and erectile dysfunction (ED), scientific evidence for this link is incompletely elucidated. AIM This study aims to provide scientific evidence for the link between CVMD and ED. METHODS In this White Paper, the Basic Science Committee of the Sexual Medicine Society of North America assessed the current literature on basic scientific support for a mechanistic link between ED and CVMD, and deficiencies in this regard with a critical assessment of current preclinical models of disease. RESULTS A link exists between ED and CVMD on several grounds: the endothelium (endothelium-derived nitric oxide and oxidative stress imbalance); smooth muscle (SM) (SM abundance and altered molecular regulation of SM contractility); autonomic innervation (autonomic neuropathy and decreased neuronal-derived nitric oxide); hormones (impaired testosterone release and actions); and metabolics (hyperlipidemia, advanced glycation end product formation). CONCLUSION Basic science evidence supports the link between ED and CVMD. The Committee also highlighted gaps in knowledge and provided recommendations for guiding further scientific study defining this risk relationship. This endeavor serves to develop novel strategic directions for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony J Bella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin P Davies
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael E DiSanto
- Department of Surgery/Division of Urology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Nestor F Gonzalez-Cadavid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna L Hannan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Noel N Kim
- Institute for Sexual Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Podlasek
- Departments of Urology, Physiology, and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lee YH, Kim WJ, Lee MH, Kim SY, Seo DH, Kim HS, Gelinsky M, Kim TJ. Anti-skeletal muscle atrophy effect of Oenothera odorata root extract via reactive oxygen species-dependent signaling pathways in cellular and mouse model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 80:80-8. [PMID: 26613402 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1075861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy can be defined as a decrease of muscle volume caused by injury or lack of use. This condition is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in various muscular disorders. We acquired 2D and 3D images using micro-computed tomography in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of sciatic-denervated mice. We confirmed that sciatic denervation-small animal model reduced muscle volume. However, the intraperitoneal injection of Oenothera odorata root extract (EVP) delayed muscle atrophy compared to a control group. We also investigated the mechanism of muscle atrophy's relationship with ROS. EVP suppressed expression of SOD1, and increased expression of HSP70, in both H2O2-treated C2C12 myoblasts and sciatic-denervated mice. Moreover, EVP regulated apoptotic signals, including caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and ceramide. These results indicate that EVP has a positive effect on reducing the effect of ROS on muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyeon Lee
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Wan-Joong Kim
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Myung-Hun Lee
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Health Science, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Health Science, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- c Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Tack-Joong Kim
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei-Fraunhofer Medical Device Lab , College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju , Korea
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Amiran F, Shafaghat A, Shafaghatlonbar M. Omega-6 Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Hexanic Extract from Prunus armeniaca L. Kernel from North-West Iran. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS-INDIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-014-0284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kim HY, Oh H, Li X, Cho KW, Kang DG, Lee HS. Ethanol extract of seeds of Oenothera odorata induces vasorelaxation via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling through activation of Akt-eNOS-sGC pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:315-323. [PMID: 20932888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY The vasorelaxant effect of ethanol extract of seeds of Oenothera odorata (Onagraceae) (one species of evening primroses) (ESOO) and its mechanisms involved were defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Changes in vascular tension, guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels, and Akt expression were measured in carotid arterial rings from rats. Seeds of Oenothera odorata were extracted with ethanol (94%) and the extract was filtered, concentrated and stored at -70°C. RESULTS ESOO relaxed endothelium-intact, but not endothelium-denuded, carotid arterial rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, ESOO increased cGMP levels of the carotid arterial rings. Pretreatment of endothelium-intact arterial rings with L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), blocked the ESOO-induced vasorelaxation and increase in cGMP levels. Nominally Ca(2+)-free but not L-typed Ca(2+) channel inhibition attenuated the ESOO-induced vasorelaxation. Thapsigargin, Gd(3+), and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate, modulators of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), significantly attenuated the ESOO-induced vasorelaxation and increase in cGMP levels. Further, wortmannin, an inhibitor of Akt, attenuated the ESOO-induced vasorelaxation and increases in cGMP levels and phosphorylated Akt2 expression. K(+) channel blockade with TEA, 4-aminopyridine, and glibenclamide attenuated the ESOO-induced vascular relaxation. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study demonstrates that ESOO relaxes vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling through activation of the Akt-eNOS-sGC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yoom Kim
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center & Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Loesch A, Tang H, Cotter MA, Cameron NE. The endothelium of basilar artery of diabetic rat treated with epoetin delta. Angiology 2009; 61:405-14. [PMID: 19815604 DOI: 10.1177/0003319709348294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are used to treat anemia associated with renal failure. It is now known that these agents also show a broad range of cell- and tissue-protective effects. In the current study, we explored whether an ESA, epoetin delta, affects vascular pathology linked to diabetes mellitus (DM). In a rat model of streptozotocin-induced DM, we investigated, by pre-embedding electron-immunocytochemistry, whether epoetin delta affects DM-induced structural changes in cerebrovascular endothelium of the rat basilar artery and influences the subcellular distribution of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Epoetin delta treatment influenced DM-induced changes to the distribution of eNOS in, and the structure of, the endothelial cell. This may indicate potential beneficial effects of epoetin delta on cerebrovascular endothelium and suggests eNOS as a possible target molecule of epoetin delta in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Loesch
- Research Department of Inflammation, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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Reboul C, Gibault A, Tanguy S, Dauzat M, Obert P. Alteration of endothelium-mediated vasodilator response in the rat hindlimb vasculature consecutive to chronic hypoxic stress: NO and EDHF involvement. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:154-61. [PMID: 19520187 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The previously documented impairment of hindlimb blood flow consecutive to chronic hypoxia might be related to endothelial vasomotor dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess in-vivo the effect of chronic hypoxic stress on endothelium-mediated vasodilator response of hindlimb vascular bed, especially as regards to endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and nitric oxide (NO) pathway contribution. Dark Agouti rats were randomly assigned to live at barometric pressure approximately 760 mmHg (N rats) or approximately 550 mmHg (CH rats). Under anesthesia, catheters were placed in the carotid artery for arterial pressure measurement, and in the saphenous vein and iliac artery for drug delivery. Hindlimb blood flow (HBF) was measured by transit-time ultrasound flowmetry, at baseline and during endothelium-dependent vasodilator response induced by intra-arterial injection of acetylcholine (0.75 ng and 7.5 ng) with and without specific blockers of NOS (L-NAME) and EDHF (Charybdotoxin+Apamin). HBF and hindlimb vascular conductance changes in response to ACh infusion were significantly lower in CH than in N rats. The mechanisms responsible for this blunted response involved impairment in both NO pathway and EDHF. The chronic hypoxia-induced alteration of NO pathway was mainly related to the bioavailability of its substrate l-Arginine, since the infusion of l-Arginine restored the endothelial response to ACh in CH rats to the level of N rats. These results demonstrate that the impairment in endothelium-mediated vasodilator response of the hindlimb vascular tree induced by chronic hypoxic stress involves both NO and EDHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reboul
- EA4278, Research Laboratory: 'Physiology and physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise', Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon, France.
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15
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Anti-diabetic effects of 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) in streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:86-98. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Stanley JL, Ashton N, Taggart MJ, Davidge ST, Baker PN. Uterine artery function in a mouse model of pregnancy complicated by diabetes. Vascul Pharmacol 2008; 50:8-13. [PMID: 18778794 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated previously that endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in myometrial arteries from women with gestational diabetes, which may play a role in mediating complications observed in diabetic pregnancies. It is not known which aspects of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation are impaired, thus a mouse model of pregnancy complicated by streptozotocin-induced diabetes was established to investigate underlying mechanisms. Uterine arteries from term-pregnant, diabetic and control C57Bl6/J mice were assessed using acetylcholine (ACh; 10(-10)-10(-5)M) in the presence or absence of a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor (L-NNA; 10(-5)M), a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (indomethacin; 10(-5)M) or the two in combination. Sensitivity to ACh was comparable between diabetic and control mice. However, the contribution of endothelium-dependent vasodilators was significantly altered. L-NNA significantly inhibited the relaxation of arteries from diabetic compared to control mice (65+/-11% vs 18+/-6%; p<.05). L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited the relaxation of arteries from diabetic mice compared to control (87+/-5% vs 33+/-14%; p<0.05). These data indicate that endothelium-dependent relaxation of the uterine artery of control, pregnant mice was largely mediated by the non-NO/non-COX component. Surprisingly, arteries from diabetic mice were primarily dependent on NO, which may affect compensatory capacity as the disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Stanley
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Group, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Whitworth Park, Manchester M13 0JH, UK.
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17
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Colberg SR, Parson HK, Nunnold T, Herriott MT, Vinik AI. Effect of an 8-week resistance training program on cutaneous perfusion in type 2 diabetes. Microvasc Res 2006; 71:121-7. [PMID: 16438993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A positive association has previously been demonstrated between chronic aerobic exercise and prior maximal exercise and enhanced dorsal foot skin perfusion in physically active individuals with type 2 diabetes. The current study examined whether an 8-week resistance training program would also positively affect cutaneous perfusion in type 2 diabetic individuals. Ten individuals with type 2 diabetes and nine similar nondiabetic controls participated in 8 weeks of moderate-intensity resistance training. Prior to training, dorsal foot cutaneous perfusion was measured noninvasively by continuous laser Doppler assessment at baseline and during localized heating to 44 degrees C. These measurements were repeated exactly 48-72 h following 8 weeks of resistance training performed 3 days per week. Interstitial nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured concurrently in the contralateral foot dorsum. Neither subject group experienced significant increases in dorsal foot perfusion responsiveness during local heating to 44 degrees C following moderate resistance training, nor did the training significantly enhance baseline skin perfusion. Interstitial NO levels were not significantly different under any condition. At baseline, groups differed only on fasting serum glucose and overall glycemic control. In conclusion, the responsiveness of cutaneous perfusion in response to heating to 44 degrees C is not significantly enhanced by 8 weeks of moderate resistance training in diabetic individuals or their matched controls, independent of interstitial NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri R Colberg
- ESPER Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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18
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Rinaldi GJ. Blood pressure fall and increased relaxation of aortic smooth muscle in diabetic rats. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2005; 31:487-95. [PMID: 16357793 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify changes in endothelium-independent relaxation that could contribute to the depressed vascular reactivity and fall in blood pressure (BP) detected in rats after 5 weeks of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (i.e. type 1) diabetes. Aortic rings were contracted by simultaneous activation of voltage-operated channels (KCl=80 mM) and alpha-adrenergic receptors (phenylephrine 1 microM) and then relaxed by simultaneous exposure to Ca2+-free PSS and 10 microM phentolamine. Additional relaxations were performed under conditions in which the plasma membrane Na-Ca exchanger (PMNaCa) or Ca-pump (PMCA), or the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-pump (SERCA) were blocked, to identify which mechanism(s) could modulate this process. The STZ-diabetic rats had a moderate but significant decrease of BP, and their aortic rings exhibited accelerated relaxation following a biexponential model, with a significantly decreased slow component. In control rats only the inhibition of the PMNaCa could slow down the fast component, while the slow component was insensitive to any blocking maneuver. In contrast, the diabetic animals' slow component was sensitive to the inhibition of both the PMNaCa and the SERCA. The SERCA-sensitive 45Ca2+ uptake by the SR was augmented in the aortas of STZ-treated animals. This hyperactivity of the SERCA, associated with augmented activity of the PMNaCa, at least partly induced by an increase of the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase activity, could explain the decrease in BP and the accelerated aortic relaxation observed in the diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Rinaldi
- School of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina.
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19
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Chang S, Hypolite JA, Velez M, Changolkar A, Wein AJ, Chacko S, DiSanto ME. Downregulation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase-1 activity in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle of diabetic rabbits. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R950-60. [PMID: 15205187 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00639.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), induced by nitric oxide release, is crucial for corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) relaxation within the penis. This CCSM relaxation (necessary for penile erection) is impaired in men with erectile dysfunction (ED), especially those men with diabetes. One of the effector proteins for cGMP is cGMP-dependent protein kinase-1 (PKG-1). PKG-1 knockout mice exhibit detrusor overactivity (Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 279: R1112-R1120, 2000) and, more relevant to this study, ED (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 2349-2354, 2000), suggesting an in vivo role for PKG-1 in urogenital smooth muscle relaxation. In the current study, using normal rabbit CCSM, Western blot analysis revealed high expression of PKG-1 at levels almost equivalent to aorta (previously shown to have high PKG-1 expression) and that the two known alternatively spliced isoforms of PKG-1 (alpha and beta) are expressed in nearly equal amounts in the CCSM. However, in response to alloxan-induced diabetes, there was a decrease in expression of both PKG-1 isoforms at the mRNA and protein levels as determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, but with the PKG-1alpha isoform expression decreased to a greater extent. Moreover, diabetes was associated with significantly decreased PKG-1 activity of CCSM in vitro, correlating with decreased CCSM relaxation. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed a diabetes-associated decrease in PKG-1 in the CCSM cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate for the first time a significant downregulation of PKG-1 expression associated with decreased PKG-1 activity in the CCSM in response to diabetes. Furthermore, these results suggest a mechanistic basis for the decreased efficacy of phosphodiesterase V inhibitors in treating diabetic patients with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chang
- Room 744, Forchheimer Bldg., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10411, USA
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20
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Arimura T, Kojima-Yuasa A, Kennedy DO, Matsui-Yuasa I. Reactive oxygen species-independent G1 arrest induced by evening primrose extract in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Cancer Lett 2004; 207:19-25. [PMID: 15050730 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that evening primrose extract (EPE) induced apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), and this effect was specific on tumor cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that EPE exposure elicited a rapid increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and intracellular peroxides levels. These changes caused translocation of Bax to mitochondria and a subsequent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. However, no activation of caspase-3 was observed in EPE-treated EATC. On the other hand, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was translocated from mitochondria to nuclei. The EPE-induced translocation of AIF was suppressed with the addition of catalase, suggesting that the rapid intracellular peroxide levels after addition of EPE triggers off induction of apoptosis, which is AIF-mediated and caspase-independent. In this study, we have shown that EPE elicited a dose-dependent accumulation of cells in the G1 phase and inhibited DNA synthesis. Our results also demonstrated that cell cycle arrest and inhibition of proliferation in EATC by EPE are associated with decreased Rb phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibitions of Rb phosphorylation and DNA synthesis by EPE were not suppressed with the addition of catalase. The present study suggests that intracellular peroxides, which trigger off induction of apoptosis, are not the trigger of EPE-induced G1 arrest in cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arimura
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduated School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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21
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Angulo J, Cuevas P, Fernández A, Gabancho S, Allona A, Martín-Morales A, Moncada I, Videla S, Sáenz de Tejada I. Diabetes impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of human penile vascular tissues mediated by NO and EDHF. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 312:1202-8. [PMID: 14652001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED) (i.e., PDE5 inhibitors) are less effective in diabetic patients for unknown reasons. Endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) of human corpus cavernosum (HCC) depends on nitric oxide (NO), while in human penile resistance arteries (HPRA) endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and NO participate. Here we show that diabetes significantly reduced EDR induced by acetylcholine (ACh) in HCC and HPRA. Relaxation attributed to EDHF was also impaired in HPRA from diabetic patients. The PDE5 inhibitor, sildenafil (10nM), reversed diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction in HCC, but not in HPRA. Calcium dobesilate (DOBE; 10 microM) fully reversed diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction in HPRA by specifically potentiating the EDHF-mediated component of EDR. Impairment by diabetes of NO and EDHF-dependent responses precluded the complete recovery of endothelial function in HPRA by sildenafil. This could explain the poor clinical response to PDE5 inhibitors of diabetic men with ED and suggests that a pharmacological approach that combines enhancement of NO/cGMP and EDHF pathways could be necessary to treat ED in many diabetic men.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Arteries/pathology
- Arteries/physiopathology
- Biological Factors/metabolism
- Calcium Dobesilate/pharmacology
- Diabetes Complications
- Diabetes Mellitus/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Erectile Dysfunction/etiology
- Erectile Dysfunction/pathology
- Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology
- Humans
- Impotence, Vasculogenic/etiology
- Impotence, Vasculogenic/pathology
- Impotence, Vasculogenic/physiopathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/blood supply
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Penis/blood supply
- Penis/drug effects
- Penis/pathology
- Penis/physiopathology
- Piperazines
- Purines
- Reference Values
- Sildenafil Citrate
- Stress, Mechanical
- Sulfones
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Fundación para la Investigación y el Desarrollo en Andrología. 28304, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Arimura T, Kojima-Yuasa A, Suzuki M, Kennedy DO, Matsui-Yuasa I. Caspase-independent apoptosis induced by evening primrose extract in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Cancer Lett 2003; 201:9-16. [PMID: 14580681 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that evening primrose extract (EPE) induced apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, while mouse embryo fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) used as a normal cell model, showed no effect of cell viability by treatment of EPE. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the rapid increase in intracellular peroxides levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c to cytosol, suggesting that the rapid increase in intracellular peroxides levels after addition of EPE triggers off induction of apoptosis. In this study, we identified that EPE elicited the translocation of Bax to mitochondria and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to nuclei, but no activation of caspase-3-like protease. We also demonstrated that the rapid EPE-induced increase in hydrogen peroxide levels caused the translocation of Bax to mitochondria, and then mitochondrial cytochrome c was released. One of the main consequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c release is the activation of caspase-3. However, no caspase-3 activation was observed. On the other hand, AIF was translocated from mitochondria to nuclei. The EPE-induced translocation of AIF was suppressed with the addition of catalase, suggesting that the rapid intracellular peroxide levels after addition of EPE triggers off induction of apoptosis, which is AIF-mediated and caspase-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arimura
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduated School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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23
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Büyükafşar K, Un I. Effects of the Rho-kinase inhibitors, Y-27632 and fasudil, on the corpus cavernosum from diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 472:235-8. [PMID: 12871759 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Relaxant responses to two Rho-kinase inhibitors, (+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate (Y-27632) and fasudil, were compared in the corpus cavernosum obtained from diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (100 mg kg(-1) day(-1), for 2 days) induced diabetes with a blood glucose level of 318+/-55.4 mg dl(-1); whereas it was 85.4+/-4.1 mg dl(-1) in control mice (P<0.05). Electrical field stimulation (40 V, 0.5 ms, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 Hz for 15 s) and acetylcholine-induced relaxations were markedly attenuated in the corpus cavernosum from streptozotocin-diabetic mice whereas responses to Y-27632 (10(-9)-3 x 10(-5) M) and fasudil (10(-9)-3 x 10(-5) M) were not altered. EC(50) values for Y-27632 were 2.98+/-0.89 and 4.19+/-2.71 microM in the corpus cavernosum from control and diabetic mice, respectively (P>0.05). The values for fasudil were 7.42+/-4.91 and 3.53+/-1.41 microM in the corpus cavernosum from control and diabetic mice, respectively (P>0.05). These results may suggest that, in diabetes, the relaxant effects of the Rho-kinase inhibitors may not be changed and thus, they may have a beneficial therapeutic effect in diabetic erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kansu Büyükafşar
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Campus Yenişehir, 33169, Mersin, Turkey.
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24
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Arimura T, Kojima-Yuasa A, Watanabe S, Suzuki M, Kennedy DO, Matsui-Yuasa I. Role of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction in evening primrose extract-induced apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Chem Biol Interact 2003; 145:337-47. [PMID: 12732460 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(03)00060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are increasingly being utilized to treat a wide variety of disease processes. Evening primrose extract (EPE) is extracted from Oenothera biennis L., one species of evening primroses, which has been shown to have several pharmacological effects. However, anti-tumor activity in the extract of defatted seeds of O. biennis L. has not been defined thus far. In this study, we identified the major biochemical changes upon EPE treatment and investigated the functional relationship between these changes. We found that EPE-induced apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as evidenced by morphological changes. Furthermore, our results demonstrated rapid increase of intracellular peroxides levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. These results suggest that the rapid increase of intracellular peroxides levels after addition of EPE triggers off induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arimura
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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25
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Colberg SR, Parson HK, Holton DR, Nunnold T, Vinik AI. Cutaneous blood flow in type 2 diabetic individuals after an acute bout of maximal exercise. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1883-8. [PMID: 12766128 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.6.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated a positive association between chronic aerobic exercise and dorsal foot skin blood flow during local heating in type 2 diabetic individuals. Thus, we hypothesized that a prior acute bout of maximal exercise would also have positive effects on postexercise blood flow. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects consisted of 32 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 26 nondiabetic control subjects further subdivided based on their physical activity status: diabetic exerciser (DE), diabetic sedentary (DS), control exerciser (CE), or control sedentary. Dorsal foot cutaneous blood flow was measured noninvasively by continuous laser-Doppler assessment at baseline and during local heating to 44 degrees C before and after a maximal bout of cycle exercise. Interstitial nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured concurrently in the foot dorsum. RESULTS Increases in blood flow and its responsiveness to local heating to 44 degrees C were significantly lower in both diabetic groups compared with CE before maximal exercise, but perfusion responsiveness remained lower in DS subjects only after exercise (P < 0.05). Baseline skin blood flow was not different among groups preexercise, but it was significantly increased postexercise in DE subjects only. Interstitial NO levels were not significantly different at either time. At baseline, groups differed only in HbA(1c), fasting serum glucose, HDL cholesterol, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment method). CONCLUSIONS All diabetic individuals exhibit a blunted responsiveness of cutaneous blood flow with local heating to 44 degrees C before maximal exercise compared with active nondiabetic individuals, but after an exercise bout, it remains significantly blunted only in diabetic individuals who are sedentary. These findings occur independently of changes in interstitial NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri R Colberg
- ESPER Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
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