1
|
De La Cruz-Sigüenza DA, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Chávez-Blanco A, Taja-Chayeb L, Domínguez-Gómez G, Ramos-Godinez MP, González-Fierro A, Dueñas-González A. The non-vesicle cell-free DNA (cfDNA) induces cell transformation associated with horizontal DNA transfer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:174. [PMID: 38252353 PMCID: PMC10803523 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a source for liquid biopsy used for cancer diagnosis, therapy selection, and disease monitoring due to its non-invasive nature and ease of extraction. However, cfDNA also participates in cancer development and progression by horizontal transfer. In humans, cfDNA circulates complexed with extracellular vesicles (EV) and macromolecular complexes such as nucleosomes, lipids, and serum proteins. The present study aimed to demonstrate whether cfDNA not associated with EV induces cell transformation and tumorigenesis. METHODS Supernatant of the SW480 human colon cancer cell line was processed by ultracentrifugation to obtain a soluble fraction (SF) and a fraction associated with EV (EVF). Primary murine embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) underwent passive transfection with these fractions, and cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell transformation, and tumorigenic assays were performed. Next, cfDNA was analyzed by electronic microscopy, and horizontal transfer was assessed by human mutant KRAS in recipient cells via PCR and recipient cell internalization via fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The results showed that the SF but not the EVF of cfDNA induced proliferative and antiapoptotic effects, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis in nude mice, which were reduced by digestion with DNAse I and proteinase K. These effects were associated with horizontal DNA transfer and cfDNA internalization into recipient cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest pro-tumorigenic effects of cfDNA in the SF that can be offset by enzyme treatment. Further exploration of the horizontal tumor progression phenomenon mediated by cfDNA is needed to determine whether its manipulation may play a role in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A De La Cruz-Sigüenza
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J P Reyes-Grajeda
- Protein Structure Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M A Velasco-Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Trejo-Becerril
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Pérez-Cárdenas
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Taja-Chayeb
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Domínguez-Gómez
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M P Ramos-Godinez
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A González-Fierro
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Dueñas-González
- Subdirection of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3004, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacan, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
González-Titos A, Hernández-Camarero P, Barungi S, Marchal JA, Kenyon J, Perán M. Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen: potent anti-tumor agents. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1609-1621. [PMID: 33896307 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1922666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen have been used clinically in tissue repair due to their ability to resolve inflammatory symptoms. Recently, novel evidence has supported the anti-tumourigenic potential of a mixture of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen.Areas covered: First, we analyze the structure of these proteases and the effects of pancreatic proteinases on tissue repair, inflammation and the immune system. Second, we summarize studies that provided evidence of the effects of pancreatic (pro)enzymes on tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo and some successful clinical applications of pancreatic (pro)enzymes. Finally, we study pancreatic (pro)enzymes potential molecular targets, such as the proteinase-activated receptors (PARs).Expert opinion: This novel therapy has been shown to have effective antitumor effects. Treatment with these (pro) enzymes sensitizes Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) which may allow chemotherapy and radiotherapy to be more effective, which could positively affect the recovery of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shivan Barungi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (Ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (Mnat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julian Kenyon
- The Dove Clinic for Integrated Medicine, Twyford, UK
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (Mnat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cardenas E, Gutiérrez-Díaz B, De La Cruz-Sigüenza D, Taja-Chayeb L, González-Ballesteros M, García-López P, Chanona J, Dueñas-González A. Antitumor Effects of Systemic DNAse I and Proteases in an In Vivo Model. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 15:NP35-NP43. [PMID: 27146129 PMCID: PMC5739158 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416631102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cell-free DNA circulates in cancer patients and induces in vivo cell transformation and cancer progression in susceptible cells. Based on this, we hypothesized that depletion of circulating DNA with DNAse I and a protease mix could have antitumor effects. Study design. The study aimed to demonstrate that DNAse I and a protease mix can degrade in vitro DNA and proteins from the serum of healthy individuals and cancer patients, and in vivo in serum of Wistar rats,. Moreover, the antitumor effect of the systemically administered enzyme mix treatmentwas evaluated in nude mice subcutaneously grafted with the human colon cancer cell line SW480. Results. The serum DNA of cancer patients or healthy individuals was almost completely degraded in vitro by the enzymatic treatment, but no degradation was found with the enzymes given separately. The intravenous administration of the enzymes led to significant decreases in DNA and proteins from rat serum. No antitumor effect was observed in immunodeficient mice treated with the enzymes given separately. In contrast, the animals that received both enzymes exhibited a marked growth inhibition of tumors, 40% of them having pathological complete response. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that systemic treatment with DNAse I and a protease mix in rats decreases DNA and proteins from serum and that this treatment has antitumor effects. Our results support the hypothesis that circulating DNA could have a role in tumor progression, which can be offset by depleting it. Further studies are needed to prove this concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - José Chanona
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico .,Instituto de InvestigacionesBiomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dittz D, Figueiredo C, Lemos FO, Viana CTR, Andrade SP, Souza-Fagundes EM, Fujiwara RT, Salas CE, Lopes MTP. Antiangiogenesis, loss of cell adhesion and apoptosis are involved in the antitumoral activity of Proteases from V. cundinamarcensis (C. candamarcensis) in murine melanoma B16F1. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7027-44. [PMID: 25826531 PMCID: PMC4425002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic enzymes from V. cundinamarcensis latex, (P1G10), display healing activity in animal models following various types of lesions. P1G10 or the purified isoforms act as mitogens on fibroblast and epithelial cells by stimulating angiogenesis and wound healing in gastric and cutaneous ulcers models. Based on evidence that plant proteinases act as antitumorals, we verified this effect on a murine melanoma model. The antitumoral effect analyzed mice survival and tumor development after subcutaneous administration of P1G10 into C57BL/6J mice bearing B16F1 low metastatic melanoma. Possible factors involved in the antitumoral action were assessed, i.e., cytotoxicity, cell adhesion and apoptosis in vitro, haemoglobin (Hb), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity. We observed that P1G10 inhibited angiogenesis measured by the decline of Hb and VEGF within the tumor, and TGF-β displayed a non-significant increase and TNF-α showed a minor non-significant reduction. On the other hand, there was an increase in NAG activity. In treated B16F1 cells, apoptosis was induced along with decreased cell binding to extracellular matrix components (ECM) and anchorage, without impairing viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Dittz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.D.); (C.F.); (F.O.L.); (M.T.P.L.)
| | - Cinthia Figueiredo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.D.); (C.F.); (F.O.L.); (M.T.P.L.)
| | - Fernanda O. Lemos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.D.); (C.F.); (F.O.L.); (M.T.P.L.)
| | - Celso T. R. Viana
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.T.R.V.); (S.P.A.); (E.M.S.-F.)
| | - Silvia P. Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.T.R.V.); (S.P.A.); (E.M.S.-F.)
| | - Elaine M. Souza-Fagundes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.T.R.V.); (S.P.A.); (E.M.S.-F.)
| | - Ricardo T. Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Carlos E. Salas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +55-31-3409-2646
| | - Miriam T. P. Lopes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.D.); (C.F.); (F.O.L.); (M.T.P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Dueñas-González A. In vivo rat model to study horizontal tumor progression. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1165:175-185. [PMID: 24839025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0856-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are due to metastases. Metastasis is an extraordinarily complex process by which cancer cells complete a sequential series of steps before they transform into a clinically detectable lesion. These steps typically include separation from the primary tumor, invasion through surrounding tissues and basement membranes, entry and survival in the circulation, lymphatic or peritoneal space, and arrest in a distant target organ and the formation of secondary tumors in distant organs.While proposed or accepted models and mechanisms of metastatic progression, have been demonstrated in experimental systems, none of them sufficiently explain all of the complexities associated with this process. These models can broadly be classified into two types, those occurring by vertical gene transfer (Darwinian) and those involving horizontal or lateral DNA transfer. Here, we describe an experimental system to study the metastatic process involving the horizontal transfer of circulating DNA.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaiserová P, Kalferstová L, Maršíková H, Bartoňová I, Koník P, Kopecký J, Ženka J. Proenzyme therapy of sarcoma S-180 and melanoma B16-F10. J Appl Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
7
|
Trejo-Becerril C, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Taja-Chayeb L, Anker P, Herrera-Goepfert R, Medina-Velázquez LA, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Pérez-Montiel D, Chávez-Blanco A, Cruz-Velázquez J, Díaz-Chávez J, Gaxiola M, Dueñas-González A. Cancer progression mediated by horizontal gene transfer in an in vivo model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52754. [PMID: 23285175 PMCID: PMC3532306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that cancer progresses by vertical gene transfer, but this paradigm ignores that DNA circulates in higher organisms and that it is biologically active upon its uptake by recipient cells. Here we confirm previous observations on the ability of cell-free DNA to induce in vitro cell transformation and tumorigenesis by treating NIH3T3 recipient murine cells with serum of colon cancer patients and supernatant of SW480 human cancer cells. Cell transformation and tumorigenesis of recipient cells did not occur if serum and supernatants were depleted of DNA. It is also demonstrated that horizontal cancer progression mediated by circulating DNA occurs via its uptake by recipient cells in an in vivo model where immunocompetent rats subjected to colon carcinogenesis with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine had increased rate of colonic tumors when injected in the dorsum with human SW480 colon carcinoma cells as a source of circulating oncogenic DNA, which could be offset by treating these animals with DNAse I and proteases. Though the contribution of biologically active molecules other than DNA for this phenomenon to occur cannot be ruled out, our results support the fact that cancer cells emit into the circulation biologically active DNA to foster tumor progression. Further exploration of the horizontal tumor progression phenomenon mediated by circulating DNA is clearly needed to determine whether its manipulation could have a role in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucía Taja-Chayeb
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luis A. Medina-Velázquez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Delia Pérez-Montiel
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Chávez-Blanco
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhanaeva SY, Alekseenko TV, Korolenko TA. Effect of Gadolinium Chloride on the Growth and Metastasizing of Lewis Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma in Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2009; 146:612-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-009-0346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Wald M. Exogenous proteases confer a significant chemopreventive effect in experimental tumor models. Integr Cancer Ther 2009; 7:295-310. [PMID: 19116225 DOI: 10.1177/1534735408327036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this monograph, the chemopreventive effects of enterally administered proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain) have been documented in a series of animal experimental tumor models. The experimental evidence demonstrates a significant inhibition of growth of both the primary tumor and the metastatic disseminations. Survival in animals treated with proteases is significantly longer than in untreated animals. The results confirm the fundamental correlation between early initiation of therapy and consequent growth of the tumorous disease. Comparable results have been shown in solid tumors in animal models (melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma) and in human tumors (pancreatic and breast cancers). In this article, details of the known mechanisms of systemic actions of enterally administered proteases are documented and their relationship with cancerogenesis is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wald
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gomes MTR, Bemquerer MP, Lopes MTP, Richardson M, Júnior SO, Salas CE. The structure of CMS2MS2, a mitogenic protein isolated from Carica candamarcensis. Biol Chem 2007; 388:819-22. [PMID: 17655500 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2007.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In a recent study we showed that two proteinases (CMS2MS2 and CMS2MS3) from Carica candamarcensis enhance mammalian cell proliferation. The aim of the present study is the determination of the primary structure of CMS2MS2 and prediction of its three-dimensional structure. The protein contains 214 residues, including the catalytic triad composed of Cys(25), His(159), and Asn(175). A phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that CMS2MS2 ranks closer to chymopapain than to papain. The overall predicted three-dimensional structure is similar to proteinases from the papain family. These results suggest that minor structural differences within CMS2MS2 must account for its proliferative action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Túlio R Gomes
- Departamentos de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guimarães-Ferreira CA, Rodrigues EG, Mortara RA, Cabral H, Serrano FA, Ribeiro-dos-Santos R, Travassos LR. Antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo and mechanisms of protection against melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells by fastuosain, a cysteine proteinase from Bromelia fastuosa. Neoplasia 2007; 9:723-33. [PMID: 17898868 PMCID: PMC1993857 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the antitumor effect of fastuosain, a cysteine proteinase from Bromelia fastuosa, was investigated. In the intravenous model of lung colonization in C57Bl/6 mice, fastuosain and bromelain injected intraperitoneally were protective, and very few nodules of B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells were detected. Tumor cells treated with fastuosain showed reduced expression of CD44 and decreased invasion through Matrigel, lost their cytoplasmic extensions and substrate adherence, and became round and detached, forming strongly bound cell clusters in suspension. Peritoneal cells recruited and activated by fastuosain treatment (mainly monocytic cells and lymphocytes) migrated to the lung, where pulmonary melanoma metastases grew. Adoptive transference of peritoneal cells recruited by fastuosain had no protective effect against lung metastases in recipient mice. Treatment of green fluorescent protein-chimeric animals with fastuosain did not change the number of cells that migrated to the lung, compared to PBS-injected control mice, but the number of positive major histocompatibility complex class II cells increased with fastuosain treatment. Murine antibodies against fastuosain, bromelain, and cathepsins B and L cross-reacted in ELISA and recognized surface and cytoplasmic components expressed on B16F10-Nex2 cells. Anti-fastuosain antibodies were cytotoxic/lytic to B16F10-Nex2 cells. Antitumor effects of fastuosain involve mainly the direct effect of the enzyme and elicitation of protective antibodies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Bromelains/immunology
- Bromelains/pharmacology
- Bromelains/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/immunology
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/pharmacology
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/therapeutic use
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/transplantation
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Papain/immunology
- Papain/pharmacology
- Papain/therapeutic use
- Radiation Chimera
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Guimarães-Ferreira
- Experimental Oncology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Donaldson MS. Nutrition and cancer: a review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet. Nutr J 2004; 3:19. [PMID: 15496224 PMCID: PMC526387 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-3-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that 30–40 percent of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle and dietary measures alone. Obesity, nutrient sparse foods such as concentrated sugars and refined flour products that contribute to impaired glucose metabolism (which leads to diabetes), low fiber intake, consumption of red meat, and imbalance of omega 3 and omega 6 fats all contribute to excess cancer risk. Intake of flax seed, especially its lignan fraction, and abundant portions of fruits and vegetables will lower cancer risk. Allium and cruciferous vegetables are especially beneficial, with broccoli sprouts being the densest source of sulforophane. Protective elements in a cancer prevention diet include selenium, folic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, chlorophyll, and antioxidants such as the carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, cryptoxanthin). Ascorbic acid has limited benefits orally, but could be very beneficial intravenously. Supplementary use of oral digestive enzymes and probiotics also has merit as anticancer dietary measures. When a diet is compiled according to the guidelines here it is likely that there would be at least a 60–70 percent decrease in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, and even a 40–50 percent decrease in lung cancer, along with similar reductions in cancers at other sites. Such a diet would be conducive to preventing cancer and would favor recovery from cancer as well.
Collapse
|
13
|
Martin T, Uhder K, Kurek R, Roeddiger S, Schneider L, Vogt HG, Heyd R, Zamboglou N. Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial. Radiother Oncol 2002; 65:17-22. [PMID: 12413670 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(02)00192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy? MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-six patients with an indication for adjuvant pelvic irradiation after curative surgery were double-blind randomized. All patients took 3 x 4 capsules study medication daily during radiotherapy. Twenty-eight patients in the enzyme group (EG) received capsules containing papain, trypsin and chymotrypsin, 28 in the placebo group (PG) received placebo capsules. All patients were irradiated with 5 x 1.8 Gy weekly to 50.4 Gy using four-field-box technique after CT-based planning. Primary objective was the grade of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and epitheliolysis during radiotherapy. Secondary objectives were the number of supportive medications and treatment interruptions due to acute toxicity. RESULTS None/mild diarrhea: 43% EG, 64% PG. Moderate/severe diarrhea: 57% EG, 36% PG (P = 0.11). Mean duration: 11 days in EG, 10 days in PG. None/mild nausea: 93% EG, 93% PG. Moderate/severe nausea: 7% EG, 7% PG. None/mild vomiting: 100% EG, 97% PG. None/mild fatigue: 82% EG, 93% PG. Moderate/severe fatigue: 18% EG, 7% PG (P = 0.23). None/mild epitheliolysis: 75% EG, 93% PG. Moderate/severe epitheliolysis: 25% EG, 7% PG (P = 0.16). Treatment interruption (mean days): 2.44 in EG, 1.46 in PG. Number of supportive medication: 29 in EG, 19 in PG. CONCLUSIONS The prophylactic use of proteolytic enzymes does not reduce acute toxicities, treatment interruptions and number of supportive medication and therefore does not improve tolerance of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Martin
- Strahlenklinik, Klinikum Offenbach, Starkenburgring 66, 63069 Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kogan G, Sandula J, Korolenko TA, Falameeva OV, Poteryaeva ON, Zhanaeva SY, Levina OA, Filatova TG, Kaledin VI. Increased efficiency of Lewis lung carcinoma chemotherapy with a macrophage stimulator--yeast carboxymethyl glucan. Int Immunopharmacol 2002; 2:775-81. [PMID: 12095168 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(02)00015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of chemotherapy of Lewis lung carcinoma with cyclophosphamide was affected by administration of the water-soluble yeast polysaccharide derivative--carboxymethylated (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan (CMG)-a well-known macrophage stimulator. It was found that while cyclophosphamide showed 57% growth inhibition of the intramuscular tumor implants in comparison with the control group, its combined administration with CMG led to 75-90% inhibition. Similarly, increased inhibition of occurrence of lung metastases (up to 92-94%) was observed using the combined application of the two compounds. The stimulatory effect of CMG is not associated with the changed cellularity of peripheral blood, but is rather due to the obviously increased concentration of the intracellular inhibitor of cysteine proteases-stefin A and cystatin C in tumor tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorij Kogan
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|