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Méndez R, González-Jiménez P, Mengot N, Menéndez R. Treatment Failure and Clinical Stability in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 45:225-236. [PMID: 38224700 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Treatment failure and clinical stability are important outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It is essential to know the causes and risk factors for treatment failure and delay in reaching clinical stability in CAP. The study of both as well as the associated underlying mechanisms and host response are key to improving outcomes in pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Méndez
- Pneumology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula González-Jiménez
- Pneumology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noé Mengot
- Pneumology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- Pneumology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Respiratory Infections, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Khan MA, Alhayyan H, Aljahdali HH, Rajendram R, Alturaifi D, Jawad M, Alyami SM, Sher H, Almutairi AM, Alghamdi M. A Single-Center Study of the Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Critically Ill Patients With Haematological Malignancy or Stem Cell Transplants. Cureus 2023; 15:e50296. [PMID: 38205482 PMCID: PMC10776959 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of bronchoscopy-guided bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and decisions on management of antimicrobials in critically ill patients with hematological malignancy and/or hematological stem cell transplant (HSCT). The safety and tolerance of bronchoscopy were also reported. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing health charts of all adult patients with a hematological malignancy and/or an HSCT who were admitted to the intensive care unit and underwent bronchoscopy and BAL over four years from April 2016 to April 2020 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh. Results: The cohort included 75 critically ill patients. Of these 75 patients, 53 (70.7%) had HSCT (allogenic 66%, autologous 32.1%, haplogenic 3.8%). Computed tomography of the chest was abnormal in all patients. Predominant findings included airspace abnormalities, ground glass opacities, and others. The positive yield was found to be 20% for bacterial, 22% for viral, 21% for fungal, and other organisms were identified in 2%. Although cytology was not performed in 18 patients, malignant cells were identified on BAL in two patients. While the overall mortality of the cohort was high (46.7%), the vast majority (94.7%) tolerated bronchoscopy and BAL without any complications. However, three patients (4%) developed a pneumothorax and one patient bled and developed the acute respiratory distress syndrome post bronchoscopy. CONCLUSIONS BAL can identify and detect microorganisms directly influencing the clinical care of patients who have received non-invasive diagnostic tests that yielded negative culture results. Bronchoscopy and BAL are generally safe and well tolerated by critically ill patients with hematological malignancy or HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ayaz Khan
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hajar Alhayyan
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hamdan H Aljahdali
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Rajkumar Rajendram
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- Research and Development, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Dana Alturaifi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sami M Alyami
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hooryia Sher
- Department of Biomedical Science, York University, Toronto, CAN
| | - Ahmed M Almutairi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Majed Alghamdi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU
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Brioulet J, David A, Sagan C, Cellerin L, Frampas E, Morla O. Percutaneous CT-guided lung biopsy for the diagnosis of persistent pulmonary consolidation. Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 101:727-732. [PMID: 32811758 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy of persistent pulmonary consolidations. The secondary objective was to determine the complication rate and identify factors affecting diagnostic yield. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed 98 percutaneous CT-guided biopsies performed in 93 patients (60 men, 33 women; mean age, 62±14.0 (SD) years; range: 18-88 years) with persistent pulmonary consolidations. Final diagnoses were based on surgical outcomes or 12 months clinical follow-up findings. Biopsy results were compared to the final diagnosis to estimate diagnostic yield. RESULTS A final diagnosis was obtained for all patients: 51/93 (54.8%) had malignant lesions, 12/93 (12.9%) specific definite benign lesions (including 9 infections, two pneumoconiosis and one lipoid pneumonia) and 30/93 (32.3%) non-specific benign lesions. CT-guided biopsy had an overall diagnostic yield of 60% (59/98) with a correct diagnosis for 50/51 malignant lesions (diagnostic yield of 98% for malignancy) and for 9/47 benign lesions (diagnostic yield of 19% for benign conditions). Major complications occurred in 4/98 (4%) of lung biopsies (four pneumothoraxes requiring chest tube placement). CONCLUSION Percutaneous CT-guided biopsy is an alternative to endoscopic or surgical biopsy for the diagnosis of persistent consolidation with a low risk of severe complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brioulet
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - A David
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - C Sagan
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, Saint-Herblain, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - L Cellerin
- Department of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Laënnec, Saint-Herblain, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - E Frampas
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - O Morla
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
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Kiranantawat N, McDermott S, Fintelmann FJ, Montesi SB, Price MC, Digumarthy SR, Sharma A. Clinical role, safety and diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy in the evaluation of pulmonary consolidation. Respir Res 2019; 20:23. [PMID: 30704502 PMCID: PMC6357395 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the clinical role, safety, and diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy in the evaluation of pulmonary consolidation. Methods A retrospective review of all computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies (PTNB) at a tertiary care hospital over a 4-year period was performed to identify all cases of PTNB performed for pulmonary consolidation. For each case, CT Chest images were reviewed by two thoracic radiologists. Histopathologic and microbiologic results were obtained and clinical follow-up was performed. Results Thirty of 1090 (M:F 17:30, mean age 67 years) patients underwent PTNB for pulmonary consolidation (2.8% of all biopsies). A final diagnosis was confirmed in 29 patients through surgical resection, microbiology, or clinicoradiologic follow-up for at least 18 months after biopsy. PTNB had an overall diagnostic accuracy of 83%. A final diagnosis of malignancy was made in 20/29 patients, of which 19 were correctly diagnosed by PTNB, resulting in a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100% for malignancy. In all cases of primary lung cancer, adequate tissue for molecular testing was obtained. A benign final diagnosis was made in 9 patients, infection in 5 cases and non-infectious benign etiology in 4 cases. PTNB correctly diagnosed all cases of infection. Minor complications occurred in 13% (4/30) of patients. Conclusions Pulmonary consolidation can be safely evaluated with CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy. Diagnostic yield is high, especially for malignancy. PTNB of pulmonary consolidation should be considered following non-diagnostic bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantaka Kiranantawat
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of Songkhla University Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Shaunagh McDermott
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Florian J Fintelmann
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sydney B Montesi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa C Price
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Subba R Digumarthy
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amita Sharma
- Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Zhang Q, Ju Y, Ma Y, Wang T. N-acetylcysteine improves oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with community acquired pneumonia: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13087. [PMID: 30407312 PMCID: PMC6250560 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be part of the pathogenic mechanism for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is closely linked to inflammation. Attenuation of oxidative stress would be expected to reduce pulmonary damage. Antioxidants have been found to be effective in alleviating lung injury and protecting against damage of other organs.The aim of the study was to compare the effect of adding N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to conventional treatment versus conventional treatment on oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and radiological changes in CAP patients.Eligible CAP patients at Weihai Municipal Hospital were stratified and randomly assigned to either NAC group or non-NAC group between August 2016 and March 2017. The NAC group received conventional treatment for pneumonia and NAC (1200 mg/d). Thenon-NAC group received conventional therapy. malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and computed tomography (CT) images were evaluated at baseline and after treatment. The primary endpoint indicators were the changes in oxidative stress parameters (MDA, TAOC, SOD) and TNF-α after treatment in the NAC group compared with those in the non-NAC group. The secondary endpoint indicator was any difference in CT scores after treatment in the NAC group compared with the non-NAC group.Baseline levels of MDA, TAOC, SOD, and TNF-α were similar between the 2 groups before treatment. Plasma levels of MDA and TNF-α decreased more (P < .05 MDA:p 0.004, TNF-α:p <0.001) in the NAC group than the non-NAC group, and there was a reliable increase in TAOC content (p 0.005). There was no significant difference in increased plasma SOD activity between the groups (p 0.368), and the NAC group did not show a greater improvement from CT scores. No NAC-related adverse effects were observed.Addition of NAC therapy for CAP patients reduced MDA and TNF-α and increased TAOC. Treatment with NAC may help to reduce oxidative and inflammatory damage in pneumonia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
- Department of Respiratory, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai
| | - Yuanrong Ju
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Tao Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Athlin S, Lidman C, Lundqvist A, Naucler P, Nilsson AC, Spindler C, Strålin K, Hedlund J. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults: updated Swedish guidelines 2017. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 50:247-272. [PMID: 29119848 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1399316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on expert group work, Swedish recommendations for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults are here updated. The management of sepsis-induced hypotension is addressed in detail, including monitoring and parenteral therapy. The importance of respiratory support in cases of acute respiratory failure is emphasized. Treatment with high-flow oxygen and non-invasive ventilation is recommended. The use of statins or steroids in general therapy is not found to be fully supported by evidence. In the management of pleural infection, new data show favourable effects of tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease installation. Detailed recommendations for the vaccination of risk groups are afforded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Athlin
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Örebro University Hospital , Örebro , Sweden.,b Faculty of Medicin and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Christer Lidman
- c Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anders Lundqvist
- e Department of Infectious Diseases , Södra Älvsborgs Hospital , Borås , Sweden
| | - Pontus Naucler
- c Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anna C Nilsson
- f Infectious Disease Research Unit, Department of Translational Medicine , Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Carl Spindler
- d Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Strålin
- b Faculty of Medicin and Health , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden.,d Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,g Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jonas Hedlund
- c Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Department of Infectious Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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Thomas M, Raza T, Langawi MA. A 37-Year-Old Man With Nonresolving Pneumonia and Endobronchial Lesion. Chest 2015; 148:e52-e55. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Amin AN, Cerceo EA, Deitelzweig SB, Pile JC, Rosenberg DJ, Sherman BM. The Hospitalist Perspective on Treatment of Community–Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:18-29. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.03.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Li M, Liu J, Tan R, Liu Z, Yin J, Qu H. Risk factors for slowly resolving pneumonia in the intensive care unit. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 49:654-662. [PMID: 25553993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slowly resolving pneumonia (SRP) poses early challenges for identification and medical expense for clinicians in intensive care units (ICUs); to date, the literature has been very limited in this regard. METHODS This was a retrospective and cohort-based study in the ICU of a university-affiliated hospital in Shanghai. Medical records of pneumonia patients in the ICU between April 2008 and February 2011were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the risk factors for SRP. RESULTS In all, 106 pneumonia patients in the ICU were identified as immune-competent with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. There were 62 (58.49%) patients who showed SRP and their radiographic infiltrations were completely resolved between 5 weeks and 8 weeks. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that initial treatment with an inappropriate antibiotic, multilobar infiltration, and a high CURB-65 score were independent risk factors for SRP, with odds ratio (OR) values of 8.338 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.117-32.848], 11.184 (95% CI 2.526-49.514), and 2.329 (95% CI 1.172-4.626), respectively. The length of the ICU stay in the SRP group was twice as long as that of the normally resolving pneumonia (NRP) group (62.27 ± 73.73 vs. 32.25 ± 23, p = 0.002). The 28-day and 60-day mortality rates in the SRP group were 17.74% and 25.81%, respectively. In addition, the 60-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the SRP group than the NRP group (25.81% vs. 6.82%, respectively; p = 0.012). Moreover, SRP was an independent risk factor for 60-day mortality (OR 5.687, 95% CI 1.334-24.240). CONCLUSION Treatment with an inappropriate antibiotic, multilobar infiltration, and a high CURB-65 score were independent risk factors for SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruoming Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyong Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Outcome of recommendations for radiographic follow-up of pneumonia on outpatient chest radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014; 202:54-9. [PMID: 24370128 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Follow-up chest radiographs are frequently recommended by radiologists to document the clearing of radiographically suspected pneumonia. However, the clinical utility of follow-up radiography is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of important pulmonary pathology revealed during follow-up imaging of suspected pneumonia on outpatient chest radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reports of 29,138 outpatient chest radiography examinations performed at an academic medical center in 2008 were searched to identify cases in which the radiologist recommended follow-up chest radiography for presumed community-acquired pneumonia (n = 618). Descriptions of index radiographic abnormalities were recorded. Reports of follow-up imaging (radiography and CT) performed during the period from January 2008 to January 2010 were reviewed to assess the outcome of the index abnormality. Clinical history, demographics, microbiology, and pathology reports were reviewed and recorded. RESULTS Compliance with follow-up imaging recommendations was 76.7%. In nine of 618 cases (1.5%), a newly diagnosed malignancy corresponded to the abnormality on chest radiography initially suspected to be pneumonia. In 23 of 618 cases (3.7%), an alternative nonmalignant disease corresponded with the abnormality on chest radiography initially suspected to be pneumonia. Therefore, in 32 of 618 patients (5.2%), significant new pulmonary diagnoses were established during follow-up imaging of suspected pneumonia. CONCLUSION Follow-up imaging of radiographically suspected pneumonia leads to a small number of new diagnoses of malignancy and important nonmalignant diseases, which may alter patient management.
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Chaudhuri AD, Mukherjee S, Nandi S, Bhuniya S, Tapadar SR, Saha M. A study on non-resolving pneumonia with special reference to role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Lung India 2013; 30:27-32. [PMID: 23661913 PMCID: PMC3644829 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Non-resolving pneumonia is often an area of concern for pulmonologists. Fiber optic bronchoscopy (FOB) may have a special role in etiologic evaluation of non-resolving pneumonias. There is paucity of recent studies in this field. Aims: This study aimed to assess the patients of non-resolving or slowly resolving pneumonia with special emphasis on efficacy of FOB and computed tomography (CT)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis. Settings and Design: Prospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary care institute over a period of one year. Materials and Methods: After fulfilling the definition of non-resolving pneumonia by clinical and radiological parameters, patients were evaluated by FOB with relevant microbiological, cytological, histopathological investigations and CT scan of thorax. CT-guided FNAC was done in selected cases where FOB was inconclusive. Results: Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 51.33 ± 1.71 years with male to female ratio 2:1. Right lung was more commonly involved (65%), and right upper lobe was the commonest site (25%). Pyogenic infection was the commonest etiology (53.3%), bronchogenic carcinoma and tuberculosis accounted for 26.7% and 16.7% cases, respectively. Both, FOB (85.7%) and CT-guided FNAC (91.67%) were very useful for etiological diagnosis of non-resolving pneumonia. Both the procedures were safe, and no major complication was observed. Conclusions: Because of the high yield of FOB, it is very useful and safe diagnostic tool for evaluation of non-resolving pneumonia. CT-guided FNAC also gives good yield when cases are properly selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha D Chaudhuri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
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Spindler C, Strålin K, Eriksson L, Hjerdt-Goscinski G, Holmberg H, Lidman C, Nilsson A, Ortqvist A, Hedlund J. Swedish guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults--Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases 2012. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 44:885-902. [PMID: 22830356 DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2012.700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This document presents the 2012 evidence based guidelines of the Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases for the in- hospital management of adult immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The prognostic score 'CRB-65' is recommended for the initial assessment of all CAP patients, and should be regarded as an aid for decision-making concerning the level of care required, microbiological investigation, and antibiotic treatment. Due to the favourable antibiotic resistance situation in Sweden, an initial narrow-spectrum antibiotic treatment primarily directed at Streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended in most situations. The recommended treatment for patients with severe CAP (CRB-65 score 2) is penicillin G in most situations. In critically ill patients (CRB-65 score 3-4), combination therapy with cefotaxime/macrolide or penicillin G/fluoroquinolone is recommended. A thorough microbiological investigation should be undertaken in all patients, including blood cultures, respiratory tract sampling, and urine antigens, with the addition of extensive sampling for more uncommon respiratory pathogens in the case of severe disease. Recommended measures for the prevention of CAP include vaccination for influenza and pneumococci, as well as smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Spindler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm.
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Strålin K. Usefulness of aetiological tests for guiding antibiotic therapy in community-acquired pneumonia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 31:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wenisch
- Medizinische Abteilung mit Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, SMZ-Süd-KFJ Spital, Wien, Osterreich.
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Documento de Consenso sobre pneumonia nosocomial11Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia e Sociedade Portuguesa de Cuidados Intensivos / Portuguese Society of Pulmonology and Intensive Care Society,22O presente documento é simultaneamente publicado na Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Intensiva (2007; 14(1):7-30) / This work is published simultaneously in the Portuguese Journal of Intensive Care Medicine (2007; 14(1):7-30). REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0873-2159(15)30360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Huchon G. [Follow-up criteria for community acquired pneumonias and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Med Mal Infect 2006; 36:636-49. [PMID: 17137739 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The follow-up of Community Acquired Pneumonias (CAP) and Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (AECOPD) differs with the setting of care, but overall calls upon the same investigations as the initial evaluations. In the event of initial ambulatory care, the evaluation is carried out primarily on clinical data, at the 2 or 3rd day for the CAP, at the 2nd to 5th day for the AECOPD. In the event of unfavourable evolution, or from the start in the most severe cases, the follow-up is carried out in hospital; clinical evaluation is readily daily, and all the more frequent that the clinical condition is worrying because of the severity or risk factors. The investigations will be limited to those initially abnormal in the event of favourable evolution; on the contrary, unfavourable evolution can justify new investigations which depend on clinical characteristics. Remotely, i.e. 4 to 8 weeks later, must be checked the return at the baseline clinical state, a chest X-ray (CAP), spirometry and arterial blood gas (AECOPD), even bronchoscopy and thoracic CT-scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Huchon
- Service de pneumologie et réanimation, université de Paris-Descartes, hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, 1, place du Parvis-de-Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France.
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Wenisch C. [Nosocomial pneumonia]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2006; 118:179-87. [PMID: 17674511 DOI: 10.1007/s11812-006-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wenisch
- Medizinische Abteilung mit Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, SMZ-Süd-KFJ Spital, Wien, Osterreich.
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Hedlund J, Strålin K, Ortqvist A, Holmberg H. Swedish guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 37:791-805. [PMID: 16358446 DOI: 10.1080/00365540500264050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This document presents the evidence-based guidelines of the Swedish Society of Infectious Diseases for the management of adult immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), who are assessed at hospital. The prognostic score 'CURB-65' is recommended for all CAP patients in the emergency room. The score provides an assessment tool for the decision regarding outpatient treatment or level of hospital supervision, the choice of microbiological investigations, and empirical antibiotic treatment. In patients with non-severe CAP (CURB-65 score 0-2) we recommend initial narrow-spectrum antibiotic treatment, orally or intravenously, primarily directed at Streptococcus pneumoniae. In those with CURB-65 score 3, penicillin G or a cephalosporin intravenously is recommended. For CURB-65 score 0-3 atypical pathogens should be covered only when they are suspected on clinical or epidemiological grounds. In patients with CURB-65 score 4-5 intravenous combination therapy with either cephalosporin/macrolide or penicillin G/fluoroquinolone is recommended. Efforts should be made to identify the CAP aetiology in order to support the ongoing antibiotic treatment or to suggest treatment alterations. Recommended measures for prevention of CAP include influenza -- and pneumococcal -- vaccination to risk groups and efforts for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hedlund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Álvarez-Rocha L, Alós J, Blanquer J, Álvarez-Lerma F, Garau J, Guerrero A, Torres A, Cobo J, Jordá R, Menéndez R, Olaechea P, Rodríguez de castro F. [Guidelines for the management of community pneumonia in adult who needs hospitalization]. Med Intensiva 2005; 29:21-62. [PMID: 38620135 PMCID: PMC7131443 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5691(05)74199-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Community acquired pneumonia is still an important health problem. In Spain the year incidence is 162 cases per 100,000 inhabitants with 53,000 hospital admission costing 115 millions of euros per year. In the last years there have been significant advances in the knowledge of: aetiology, diagnostic tools, treatment alternatives and antibiotic resistance. The Spanish Societies of Intensive and Critical Care (SEMICYUC), Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) and Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) have produced these evidence-based Guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in Adults. The main objective is to help physicians to make decisions about this disease. The different points that have been developed are: aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Álvarez-Rocha
- Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (GTEI de la SEMICYUC)
| | - J.I. Alós
- Grupo de Estudio de la Infección en Atención Primaria. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (GEIAP de la SEIMC)
| | - J. Blanquer
- Área de Tuberculosis e Infección Respiratoria. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (Area TIR de la SEPAR)
| | - F. Álvarez-Lerma
- Grupo de Estudio de la Infección en el Paciente Crítico. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (GEIPC de la SEIMC)
| | - J. Garau
- Grupo de Estudio de la Infección en Atención Primaria. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (GEIAP de la SEIMC)
| | - A. Guerrero
- Grupo de Estudio de la Infección en Atención Primaria. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (GEIAP de la SEIMC)
| | - A. Torres
- Área de Tuberculosis e Infección Respiratoria. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (Area TIR de la SEPAR)
| | - J. Cobo
- Grupo de Estudio de la Infección en Atención Primaria. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (GEIAP de la SEIMC)
| | - R. Jordá
- Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (GTEI de la SEMICYUC)
| | - R. Menéndez
- Área de Tuberculosis e Infección Respiratoria. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (Area TIR de la SEPAR)
| | - P. Olaechea
- Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (GTEI de la SEMICYUC)
| | - F. Rodríguez de castro
- Área de Tuberculosis e Infección Respiratoria. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (Area TIR de la SEPAR)
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Tan JS. Nonresponses and treatment failures with conventional empiric regimens in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2005; 18:883-97. [PMID: 15555830 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although most patients with suspected CAP respond to empiric therapy,a small number of patients do not respond in the expected fashion. Age and underlying comorbid conditions have a strong influence on the course of illness. Less common causes of treatment failures include overwhelming infection, antimicrobial resistance, and misdiagnosis. It is a common practice for empiric antimicrobial treatment of CAP to be initiated without microbiologic studies. Clinicians carefully should observe these patients for unusual or slow responses and should be ready to pursue a more extensive search for the cause of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Tan
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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Jordà Marcos R, Torres Martí A, Ariza Cardenal F, Álvarez Lerma F, Barcenilla Gaite F. Recommendations for the Treatment of Severe Nosocomial Pneumonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1579-2129(06)60367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Jordà marcos R, Torres martí A, Ariza cardenal F, álvarez lerma F, Bercenilla gaite F, Expertos CD. Recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la neumonía intrahospitalaria grave. Med Intensiva 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-5691(04)70059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Fernández Alonso R, González García ME, Fernández García J. Profilaxis antimicrobiana en el paciente neutropénico. Rev Clin Esp 2004; 204:645-8. [PMID: 15710073 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2565(04)71570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jordà Marcos R, Torres Martí A, Ariza Cardenal FJ, Alvarez Lerma F, Barcenilla Gaite F. Recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la neumonía intrahospitalaria grave. Arch Bronconeumol 2004; 40:518-33. [PMID: 15530344 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(04)75583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jordà R, Jordàe; Marcos R, Torres Martí A, Ariza Cardenal F, Álvarez Lerma F, Barcenilla Gaite F, del Grupo de CDE. Recomendaciones para el tratamiento de la neumonía intrahospitalaria grave. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(04)73143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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