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Somtua P, Jaikang C, Konguthaithip G, Intui K, Watcharakhom S, O’Brien TE, Amornlertwatana Y. Postmortem Alteration of Purine Metabolism in Coronary Artery Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:1135. [PMID: 37999231 PMCID: PMC10673240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A new approach for assisting in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) as a cause of death is essential in cases where complete autopsy examinations are not feasible. The purine pathway has been associated with CAD patients, but the understanding of this pathway in postmortem changes needs to be explored. This study investigated the levels of blood purine metabolites in CAD after death. Heart blood samples (n = 60) were collected and divided into CAD (n = 23) and control groups (n = 37). Purine metabolites were measured via proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and xanthine levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05); conversely, adenine and deoxyribose 5-phosphate levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CAD group compared to the control group. Decreasing xanthine levels may serve as a marker for predicting the cause of death in CAD (AUC = 0.7). Our findings suggest that the purine pathway was interrupted by physiological processes after death, causing the metabolism of the deceased to differ from that of the living. Additionally, xanthine levels should be studied further to better understand their relationship with CAD and used as a biomarker for CAD diagnosis under decomposition and skeletonization settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phakchira Somtua
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (C.J.); (G.K.); (K.I.); (S.W.)
- Metabolomic Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Churdsak Jaikang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (C.J.); (G.K.); (K.I.); (S.W.)
- Metabolomic Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Giatgong Konguthaithip
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (C.J.); (G.K.); (K.I.); (S.W.)
- Metabolomic Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kanicnan Intui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (C.J.); (G.K.); (K.I.); (S.W.)
- Metabolomic Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Somlada Watcharakhom
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (C.J.); (G.K.); (K.I.); (S.W.)
- Metabolomic Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Timothy E. O’Brien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA;
| | - Yutti Amornlertwatana
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.S.); (C.J.); (G.K.); (K.I.); (S.W.)
- Metabolomic Research Group for Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Wu Z, Cheng C, Sun X, Wang J, Guo D, Chen S, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu L, Zhang C, Yang J. The synergistic effect of the triglyceride-glucose index and serum uric acid on the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events after coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:103. [PMID: 37131230 PMCID: PMC10155424 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is regarded as a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a novel surrogate for insulin resistance (IR), has been proven to be an independent predictor for adverse cardiac events. However, no study has specifically focused on the interaction between the two metabolic risk factors. Whether combining the TyG index and SUA could achieve more accurate prognostic prediction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unknown. METHODS This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. A total of 1225 patients who underwent CABG were included in the final analysis. The patients were grouped based on the cut-off value of the TyG index and the sex-specific criteria of hyperuricemia (HUA). Cox regression analysis was conducted. The interaction between the TyG index and SUA was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI). The improvement of model performance yielded by the inclusion of the TyG index and SUA was examined by C-statistics, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). The goodness-of-fit of models was evaluated using the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and χ2 likelihood ratio test. RESULTS During follow-up, 263 patients developed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The independent and joint associations of the TyG index and SUA with adverse events were significant. Patients with higher TyG index and HUA were at higher risk of MACE (Kaplan-Meier analysis: log-rank P < 0.001; Cox regression: HR = 4.10; 95% CI 2.80-6.00, P < 0.001). A significant synergistic interaction was found between the TyG index and SUA [RERI (95% CI): 1.83 (0.32-3.34), P = 0.017; AP (95% CI): 0.41 (0.17-0.66), P = 0.001; SI (95% CI): 2.13 (1.13-4.00), P = 0.019]. The addition of the TyG index and SUA yielded a significant improvement in prognostic prediction and model fit [change in C-statistic: 0.038, P < 0.001; continuous NRI (95% CI): 0.336 (0.201-0.471), P < 0.001; IDI (95% CI): 0.031 (0.019-0.044), P < 0.001; AIC: 3534.29; BIC: 3616.45; likelihood ratio test: P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The TyG index interacts synergistically with SUA to increase the risk of MACE in patients undergoing CABG, which emphasizes the need to use both measures concurrently when assessing cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangfei Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dachuan Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sha Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yerui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jianmin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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3
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Zhu Q, Yu L, Li Y, Man Q, Jia S, Liu B, Zong W, Zhou Y, Zuo H, Zhang J. Association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and hyperuricemia among Chinese adults: findings from a nationwide representative study. Nutr J 2023; 22:21. [PMID: 36991418 PMCID: PMC10053091 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Certain foods and food groups could positively or negatively impact serum uric acid (SUA) levels. However, evidence on the holistic dietary strategy to prevent and control hyperuricemia (HUA) development remains limited. Objective The aim of this research work was to explore the association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet with SUA levels and odds of HUA among Chinese adults. Methods This research premise included 66,427 Chinese adults aged 18 and above who were part of the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in 2015. Dietary consumptions were assessed via the household condiment weighing approach and a three-day, 24-hour dietary recall. Total fat, saturated fat, calcium, protein, potassium, cholesterol, magnesium, fiber, and sodium were all adopted to calculate the DASH score (score range, 0–9). The associations of DASH score with SUA levels and odds of HUA were evaluated using multiple linear and logistic regression models, respectively. Results We established that a higher DASH score was linked with a lower SUA levels (β = − 0.11; 95% CI: − 0.12, − 0.1; p < 0.001) and odds of HUA (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.87; p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, education status, marital status, health behaviours and health factors. The association of the DASH diet with odds of HUA was stronger among men (p-interaction = 0.009), non-Han Chinese (p-interaction< 0.001) as well as rural residents (p-interaction< 0.001). Conclusions Our results illustrate that the DASH diet was remarkably negatively with SUA levels and odds of HUA in the Chinese adult population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-023-00845-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrang Zhu
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlong Yu
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050 China
- grid.512751.50000 0004 1791 5397Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Qingqing Man
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Zong
- grid.410734.50000 0004 1761 5845Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- grid.410734.50000 0004 1761 5845Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050 China
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Triglyceride-glucose index is significantly associated with the risk of hyperuricemia in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19988. [PMID: 36411302 PMCID: PMC9678876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been proposed to be a simple, economical, and reliable marker of insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate whether TyG is an independent predictor of hyperuricemia in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) populations by conducting a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. A total of 6,471 patients were enrolled in cross-sectional analysis, and 3,634 patients without hyperuricemia at the baseline were included in longitudinal analysis and were followed up for a median of 23.0 months. Hyperuricemia was categorized as a serum uric acid level ≥ 420 umol/L (7 mg/dL). In this study, 19.58% of participants had hyperuricemia. In the cross-sectional analysis, multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that the ORs (95% CI) for hyperuricemia in the second, third, and fourth TyG quartiles were 1.40 (95% CI 0.73-2.65), 1.69 (95% CI 0.90-3.18), and 4.53 (95% CI 2.39-8.57), respectively, compared with the first quartile. Longitudinally, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that higher TyG levels predicted higher incidence of hyperuricemia. Multivariate Cox regression model revealed that the hazard ratios for hyperuricemia in the upper quartiles of the TyG index were 1.69 (95% CI 0.97-2.93), 2.23 (95% CI 1.33-3.75), and 2.50 (95% CI 1.46-4.27), respectively, compared with the first quartile. Moreover, the subgroup analyses revealed that the relationship between TyG levels and hyperuricemia was robust in DKD patients. Our findings indicate a significant independent correlation between the TyG index and the risk of hyperuricemia in DKD patients.
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Al-Mass A, Poursharifi P, Peyot ML, Lussier R, Chenier I, Leung YH, Ghosh A, Oppong A, Possik E, Mugabo Y, Ahmad R, Sladek R, Murthy Madiraju S, Al-Mulla F, Prentki M. Hepatic glycerol shunt and glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase control liver metabolism and glucodetoxification under hyperglycemia. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101609. [PMID: 36198384 PMCID: PMC9579801 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P) phosphatase (G3PP) hydrolyzes Gro3P to glycerol that exits the cell, thereby operating a "glycerol shunt", a metabolic pathway that we identified recently in mammalian cells. We have investigated the role of G3PP and the glycerol shunt in the regulation of glucose metabolism and lipogenesis in mouse liver. METHODS We generated hepatocyte-specific G3PP-KO mice (LKO), by injecting AAV8-TBG-iCre to male G3PPfl/fl mice. Controls received AAV8-TBG-eGFP. Both groups were fed chow diet for 10 weeks. Hyperglycemia (16-20 mM) was induced by glucose infusion for 55 h. Hepatocytes were isolated from normoglycemic mice for ex vivo studies and targeted metabolomics were measured in mice liver after glucose infusion. RESULTS LKO mice showed no change in body weight, food intake, fed and fasted glycemia but had increased fed plasma triglycerides. Hepatic glucose production from glycerol was increased in fasted LKO mice. LKO mouse hepatocytes displayed reduced glycerol production, elevated triglyceride and lactate production at high glucose concentration. Hyperglycemia in LKO mice led to increased liver weight and accumulation of triglycerides, glycogen and cholesterol together with elevated levels of Gro3P, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, acetyl-CoA and some Krebs cycle intermediates in liver. Hyperglycemic LKO mouse liver showed elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines and M1-macrophage markers accompanied by increased plasma triglycerides, LDL/VLDL, urea and uric acid and myocardial triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS The glycerol shunt orchestrated by G3PP acts as a glucose excess detoxification pathway in hepatocytes by preventing metabolic disturbances that contribute to enhanced liver fat, glycogen storage, inflammation and lipid build-up in the heart. We propose G3PP as a novel therapeutic target for hepatic disorders linked to nutrient excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Al-Mass
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada,Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pegah Poursharifi
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Peyot
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxane Lussier
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yat Hei Leung
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Abel Oppong
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elite Possik
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Mugabo
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Departments of Immunology, Microbiology, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Robert Sladek
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S.R. Murthy Madiraju
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada,Corresponding author. CRCHUM, Room R08-418, Tour Viger, 900 rue Saint Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Departments of Immunology, Microbiology, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center and CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada,Corresponding author. Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal CRCHUM, Room R08-412, Tour Viger, 900 rue Saint Denis Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Oku F, Hara A, Tsujiguchi H, Suzuki K, Pham KO, Suzuki F, Miyagi S, Nakamura M, Takazawa C, Sato K, Yanagisawa T, Kannon T, Tajima A, Nakamura H. Association between Dietary Fat Intake and Hyperuricemia in Men with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132637. [PMID: 35807818 PMCID: PMC9268322 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a close relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and uric acid level, few studies have examined the relationship between uric acid level and fat intake by kidney function status. Therefore, we investigated the association between dietary fat intake and hyperuricemia with and without decreased kidney function in males living in Shika Town, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. This study included 361 males with a mean age of 60.7 years. Dietary fat and fatty acid intakes were evaluated using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Reduced kidney function was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, while hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level >7.0 mg/dL. A two-way analysis of covariance showed that saturated fatty acid (p = 0.026), monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.014), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.022) were significantly lower in the high uric acid group than in the normal uric acid group. In multiple logistic analysis stratified by renal function, lipid intake was negatively associated with hyperuricemia in the low eGFR group. These findings suggest that higher dietary lipid/fatty acid intake may be effective in the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in men with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Oku
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (F.O.); (A.H.); (H.T.); (C.T.); (K.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Akinori Hara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (F.O.); (A.H.); (H.T.); (C.T.); (K.S.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (K.-O.P.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, 1-13 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Hiromasa Tsujiguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (F.O.); (A.H.); (H.T.); (C.T.); (K.S.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (K.-O.P.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, 1-13 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (K.-O.P.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Kim-Oanh Pham
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (K.-O.P.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Fumihiko Suzuki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (K.-O.P.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
- Community Medicine Support Dentistry, Ohu University Hospital, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Sakae Miyagi
- Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan;
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (K.-O.P.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Chie Takazawa
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (F.O.); (A.H.); (H.T.); (C.T.); (K.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kuniko Sato
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (F.O.); (A.H.); (H.T.); (C.T.); (K.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Toru Yanagisawa
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (F.O.); (A.H.); (H.T.); (C.T.); (K.S.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, 1-13 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.K.); (A.T.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, 1-13 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.K.); (A.T.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (F.O.); (A.H.); (H.T.); (C.T.); (K.S.); (T.Y.)
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (K.S.); (K.-O.P.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, 1-13 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan; (T.K.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-265-2218
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7
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Possible role of insulin resistance in activation of plasma xanthine oxidoreductase in health check-up examinees. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10281. [PMID: 35717455 PMCID: PMC9206666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found an association of insulin resistance (IR) with plasma xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity in a cross-sectional study. However, whether IR induces increased XOR activity has not been elucidated. This retrospective longitudinal observational study included 347 participants (173 males, 174 females) who underwent annual health examinations and were medication naïve. Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index, and physical and laboratory measurements were determined at the baseline. At baseline and 12-month follow-up examinations, plasma XOR activity was determined using our novel assay based on [13C2,15N2] xanthine and liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Subjects with IR, defined as HOMA-IR index ≥ 1.7 (n = 92), exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) higher plasma XOR activity levels than those without IR (n = 255), with an increase in that activity seen in 180 (51.9%) after 12 months. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses showed that IR, but not BMI or waist circumference, at baseline was significantly associated with plasma XOR activity (β = 0.094, p = 0.033) and increased plasma XOR activity over the 12-month period (odds ratio, 1.986; 95% confidence interval, 1.048–3.761; p = 0.035), after adjustments for various clinical parameters, including plasma XOR activity at baseline. These results suggest that IR induces increased plasma XOR activity in a manner independent of adiposity.
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Yanai H, Katsuyama H, Hakoshima M. Effects of a Novel Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Modulator, Pemafibrate, on Metabolic Parameters: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020401. [PMID: 35203610 PMCID: PMC8962310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the superfamily of steroid–thyroid–retinoid nuclear receptors, is expected to induce an amazing crosstalk between energy-demanding organs. Here, we aimed to study the effects of the novel selective PPARα modulator, pemafibrate, on metabolic parameters in patients with dyslipidemia. We retrospectively studied patients who had taken pemafibrate and compared metabolic parameters at baseline with the data at 3, 6 and 12 months after the start of pemafibrate. Serum triglyceride significantly decreased and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol significantly increased at 3, 6 and 12 months after the start of pemafibrate. Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels significantly decreased at 3 and 6 after the start of pemafibrate as compared with baseline. Serum alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase significantly decreased and albumin significantly increased after 3, 6 and 12 months. HbA1c levels significantly decreased after 3 months. Further, serum uric acid significantly decreased after 12 months. Such metabolic favorable changes due to pemafibrate were significantly correlated with changes in serum lipids. In conclusion, we observed a significant improvement of liver function, HbA1c and serum uric acid along with an amelioration of dyslipidemia after the start of pemafibrate.
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Kutoh E, Kuto AN, Wada A, Kurihara R, Kojima R. Regulations of Free Fatty Acids and Diabetic Parameters in Drug Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Canagliflozin Monotherapy. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 72:86-93. [PMID: 34729722 DOI: 10.1055/a-1640-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the regulations of FFA with canagliflozin in relation to metabolic parameters. Drug naïve subjects with T2DM were administered 50-100 mg/day canagliflozin monotherapy (n=70) for 3 months. Significant correlations between the changes of (Δ) FFA and Δadipo-IR (R=0.496), but no correlations between ΔFFA and ΔHOMA-R were observed. The subjects were divided into three groups with similar numbers according to Δ FFA: group A: highest tertile: (ΔFFA=38.7%, n=23); group B: intermediate tertile: (ΔFFA=2%, n=23); group C: lowest tertile: (ΔFFA=-36%, n=24). Metabolic parameters were compared between group A and group C. At baseline, FFA was higher in group C than group A (p<0.002). Greater degrees of HbA1c reduction and increases of insulin were observed in group C than group A (both p<0.05). In group A, significant reductions of BMI (-2.6%) and HOMA-R (-30%) were seen. In group C, significant reductions of non-HDL-C (-6.2%), UA (-7.6%) or adipo-IR (-28.7%), and increases of HOMA-B (+85.6%) were observed. Taken together, 1) certain population treated with canagliflozin showed decreased FFA. 2) beta-cell function increased while atherogenic cholesterol, UA and adipo-IR decreased in those with reduced FFA. Better glycemic efficacies were seen in these populations. 3) body weight and whole body insulin resistance (HOMA-R) significantly decreased in those with elevated FFA. 4) FFA is linked to adipose insulin resistance (adipo-IR), while it does not appear to impact whole body insulin resistance (HOMA-R).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kutoh
- Biomedical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyoda General Hospital, Saitama, Japan.,Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Higashitotsuka Memorial Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Askuka Wada
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyoda General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rumi Kurihara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyoda General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rina Kojima
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyoda General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Molecular Biological and Clinical Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Treatments of Hyperuricemia and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179221. [PMID: 34502127 PMCID: PMC8431537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is synthesized mainly in the liver, intestines, and vascular endothelium as the end product of an exogenous purine from food and endogenously from damaged, dying, and dead cells. The kidney plays a dominant role in UA excretion, and the kidney excretes approximately 70% of daily produced UA; the remaining 30% of UA is excreted from the intestine. When UA production exceeds UA excretion, hyperuricemia occurs. Hyperuricemia is significantly associated with the development and severity of the metabolic syndrome. The increased urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) expression, and glycolytic disturbances due to insulin resistance may be associated with the development of hyperuricemia in metabolic syndrome. Hyperuricemia was previously thought to be simply the cause of gout and gouty arthritis. Further, the hyperuricemia observed in patients with renal diseases was considered to be caused by UA underexcretion due to renal failure, and was not considered as an aggressive treatment target. The evidences obtained by basic science suggests a pathogenic role of hyperuricemia in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), by inducing inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Further, clinical evidences suggest that hyperuricemia is associated with the development of CVD and CKD. Further, accumulated data suggested that the UA-lowering treatments slower the progression of such diseases.
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Nakatani S, Ishimura E, Murase T, Nakamura T, Nakatani A, Toi N, Nishide K, Uedono H, Tsuda A, Kurajoh M, Yamada S, Mori K, Inaba M, Emoto M. Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity Associated with Glycemic Control in Patients with Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:475-483. [PMID: 34082427 DOI: 10.1159/000516610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity plays an important role as a pivotal source of reactive oxygen species, which is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Patients with CKD have increased risk of CVD events. In the present study, factors associated with plasma XOR activity in pre-dialysis CKD patients were investigated. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, plasma XOR activity in 118 pre-dialysis CKD patients (age 68 [57-75] years; 64 males, 26 with diabetes mellitus [DM]) was determined using a newly established highly sensitive assay based on (13C2,15N2) xanthine and liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS Plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) were significantly and positively correlated with plasma logarithmically transformed XOR (ln-XOR) activity. In multiple regression analyses, eGFR and hemoglobin A1c or plasma glucose were significantly, independently, and positively associated with plasma ln-XOR activity after adjusting for several confounders. Plasma XOR activity was significantly higher in CKD patients with (n = 26) than in those without (n = 92) DM (62.7 [32.3-122] vs. 25.7 [13.4-45.8] pmol/h/mL, p < 0.001). A total of 38 patients were taking uric acid-lowering drugs. Multiple regression analysis of CKD patients not administered uric acid-lowering drugs (n = 80) showed no significant association between eGFR and plasma ln-XOR activity. In contrast, association between glycemic control and plasma ln-XOR activity was significant even in CKD patients without uric acid-lowering drug treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the importance of glycemic control in CKD patients in regard to decreased XOR, possibly leading to a decrease in CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Nakatani
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Ishimura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayo Murase
- Mie Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Inabe-shi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Mie Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Inabe-shi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nakatani
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikazu Toi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kozo Nishide
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Uedono
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuda
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yamada
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Gao Y, Cui L, Sun Y, Yang W, Wang J, Wu S, Gao X. Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet and Hyperuricemia: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:603-611. [PMID: 31961500 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | | | - Yuan‐yuan Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | | | | | | | - Xiang Gao
- The Pennsylvania State University University Park
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Clinical Implications of Uric Acid in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010053. [PMID: 33466609 PMCID: PMC7828696 DOI: 10.3390/life11010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Affecting more than 26 million people worldwide and with rising prevalence, heart failure (HF) represents a major global health problem. Hence, further research is needed in order to abate poor HF outcomes and mitigate significant expenses that burden health care systems. Based on available data, experts agree that there is an urgent need for a cost-effective prognostic biomarker in HF. Although a significant number of biomarkers have already been investigated in this setting, the clinical utility of adding biomarker evaluation to routine HF care still remains ambiguous. Specifically, in this review we focused on uric acid (UA), a purine metabolism detriment whose role as cardiovascular risk factor has been exhaustingly debated for decades. Multiple large population studies indicate that UA is an independent predictor of mortality in acute and chronic HF, making it a significant prognostic factor in both settings. High serum levels have been also associated with an increased incidence of HF, thus expanding the clinical utility of UA. Importantly, emerging data suggests that UA is also implicated in the pathogenesis of HF, which sheds light on UA as a feasible therapeutic target. Although to date clinical studies have not been able to prove the benefits of xanthine oxidase in HF patients, we discuss the putative role of UA and xanthine oxidase in the pathophysiology of HF as a therapeutic target.
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Non-pharmacological and Food Gout Management: Current and Future Directions. Fam Med 2019. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.5-6.2019.194833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kurajoh M, Fukumoto S, Murase T, Nakamura T, Ishihara T, Go H, Yamamoto K, Nakatani S, Tsuda A, Morioka T, Mori K, Imanishi Y, Inaba M, Emoto M. Insulin Resistance Associated with Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity Independent of Visceral Adiposity and Adiponectin Level: MedCity21 Health Examination Registry. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:1762161. [PMID: 32082372 PMCID: PMC7012256 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1762161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of uric acid production have been reported in individuals with visceral fat obesity, and obesity is known to enhance xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity, although the precise mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the associations of visceral fat area (VFA), serum adiponectin level, and insulin resistance with plasma XOR activity using our novel highly sensitive assay based on [13C2,15N2] xanthine and liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 193 subjects (92 males and 101 females) registered in the MedCity21 health examination registry. Plasma XOR activity, serum adiponectin level, and VFA obtained by computed tomography were measured, and insulin resistance was determined based on the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index. RESULTS The mean values for VFA, log HOMA-IR, and log plasma XOR activity were 76.8 ± 45.8 cm2, 0.14 ± 0.30, and 1.50 ± 0.44 pmol/h/mL, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR was significantly (p=0.020) associated with plasma XOR activity independent of other factors, including VFA and adiponectin level, as well as age, sex, alcohol drinking habit, smoking habit, alanine transaminase, HbA1c, and eGFR. The "sex∗HOMA - IR" interaction was not significant (p=0.020) associated with plasma XOR activity independent of other factors, including VFA and adiponectin level, as well as age, sex, alcohol drinking habit, smoking habit, alanine transaminase, HbA1c, and eGFR. The ". CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that insulin resistance is associated with plasma XOR activity and that relationship is independent of visceral adiposity and adiponectin level, suggesting that the development of insulin resistance resulting from increased visceral adiposity and/or reduced serum adiponectin contributes to increased uric acid production by stimulating XOR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayo Murase
- Mie Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Inabe, Mie, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Mie Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Inabe, Mie, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Go
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouji Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakatani
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuda
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imanishi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Mele C, Tagliaferri MA, Saraceno G, Mai S, Vietti R, Zavattaro M, Aimaretti G, Scacchi M, Marzullo P. Serum uric acid potentially links metabolic health to measures of fuel use in lean and obese individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:1029-1035. [PMID: 30139687 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uric acid (UA) is a byproduct of the high-energy purine metabolism and is conventionally regarded as a marker of cardio-metabolic impairment. Its potential relationship with energy homeostasis is unknown to date. METHODS AND RESULTS In a cross-sectional study on 121 otherwise healthy obese and 99 sex- and-age-matched lean subjects, UA levels were analyzed in relation to metabolic health, inflammatory markers, respiratory quotient (RQ) and resting energy expenditure (REE) as assessed by indirect calorimetry, fat mass (%FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) as determined by bioimpedance analysis. As expected, obese and lean subjects differed in BMI, glucolipid homeostasis, leptin and insulin levels, inflammatory markers, %FM and FFM (p < 0.001 for all). Likewise, UA levels (p < 0.001) and rates of hyperuricaemia (40.5% vs 3.0%, p < 0.0001) were also higher in obese than lean controls. Further, indirect calorimetry confirmed that obesity increased REE and decreased RQ significantly (p < 0.001). Beyond the expected metabolic correlates, in individual and merged groups UA levels were associated negatively with RQ and positively with REE (p < 0.0001 for both). In multivariable regression analysis, significant independent predictors of UA were BMI and sex. When BMI was replaced by measures of body composition, %FM and FFM emerged as significant predictors of serum UA (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS A potential link relates serum UA to measures of resting energy expenditure and their determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mele
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio (VB), Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - M A Tagliaferri
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio (VB), Italy
| | - G Saraceno
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio (VB), Italy
| | - S Mai
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio (VB), Italy
| | - R Vietti
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio (VB), Italy
| | - M Zavattaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - G Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - M Scacchi
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio (VB), Italy
| | - P Marzullo
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio (VB), Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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Sunagawa S, Shirakura T, Hokama N, Kozuka C, Yonamine M, Namba T, Morishima S, Nakachi S, Nishi Y, Ikema T, Okamoto S, Matsui C, Hase N, Tamura M, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. Activity of xanthine oxidase in plasma correlates with indices of insulin resistance and liver dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: A pilot exploratory study. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 10:94-103. [PMID: 29862667 PMCID: PMC6319612 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction There is controversy as to whether hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. The serum level of uric acid is affected by a wide variety of factors involved in its production and excretion. In contrast, evidence has accumulated that locally‐ and systemically‐activated xanthine oxidase (XO), a rate‐limiting enzyme for production of uric acid, is linked to metabolic derangement in humans and rodents. We therefore explored the clinical implication of plasma XO activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Materials and Methods We enrolled 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and MetS. MetS was defined according to the 2005 International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Plasma XO activity was measured by highly‐sensitive fluorometric assay measuring the conversion of pterin to isoxanthopterin, and explored associations between the value of plasma XO activity and metabolic parameters. Results The value of plasma XO activity was correlated with indices of insulin resistance and the level of circulating liver transaminases. In contrast, the level of serum uric acid was not correlated with indices of insulin resistance. The value of plasma XO activity was not correlated with the serum uric acid level. Conclusions Plasma XO activity correlates with indices of insulin resistance and liver dysfunction in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and MetS. Through assessing the plasma XO activity, patients showing normal levels of serum uric acid with higher activity of XO can be screened, thereby possibly providing a clue to uncovering metabolic risks in type 2 diabetes mellitus and MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumito Sunagawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Noboru Hokama
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masato Yonamine
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Namba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Morishima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sawako Nakachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ikema
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Furuhashi M, Matsumoto M, Tanaka M, Moniwa N, Murase T, Nakamura T, Ohnishi H, Saitoh S, Shimamoto K, Miura T. Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity as a Novel Biomarker of Metabolic Disorders in a General Population. Circ J 2018; 82:1892-1899. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Megumi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Marenao Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Norihito Moniwa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shigeyuki Saitoh
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
- Department of Nursing, Division of Medical and Behavioral Subjects, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences
| | | | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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Du D, Gu H, Djukovic D, Bettcher L, Gong M, Zheng W, Hu L, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang D, Raftery D. Multiplatform Metabolomics Investigation of Antiadipogenic Effects on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by a Potent Diarylheptanoid. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2092-2101. [PMID: 29688022 PMCID: PMC6289581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is fast becoming a serious health problem worldwide. Of the many possible antiobesity strategies, one interesting approach focuses on blocking adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation to counteract the rise in fat storage. However, there is currently no drug available for the treatment of obesity that works by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. Here we use a broad-based metabolomics approach to interrogate and better understand metabolic changes that occur during adipocyte differentiation. In particular, we focus on changes induced by the antiadipogenic diarylheptanoid, which was isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine Dioscorea zingiberensis and identified as (3 R,5 R)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-heptane (1). Targeted aqueous metabolic profiling indicated that a total of 14 metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, and purine catabolism participate in regulating energy metabolism, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in adipocyte differentiation and can be modulated by diarylheptanoid 1. As indicated by lipidomics analysis, diarylheptanoid 1 restored the quantity and degree of unsaturation of long-chain free fatty acids and restored the levels of 171 lipids mainly from 10 lipid classes in adipocytes. In addition, carbohydrate metabolism in diarylheptanoid-1-treated adipocytes further demonstrated the delayed differentiation process by flux analysis. Our results provide valuable information for further understanding the metabolic adjustment in adipocytes subjected to diarylheptanoid 1 treatment. Moreover, this study offers new insight into developing antiadipogenic leading compounds based on metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Haiwei Gu
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Danijel Djukovic
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Lisa Bettcher
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Meng Gong
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Renke Zhang
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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20
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Ya Z, Fei L, Yue Z, Dan L, Neng-Bo L, Yi L, Ying M, Qin W. Association between serum gamma-glutamyl transferase and serum uric acid levels in Chinese females: A cross-sectional study. Endocr Res 2017; 42:296-301. [PMID: 28332856 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2017.1300809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and serum uric acid levels in middle-aged and elderly Chinese females. METHODS A cross-sectional population survey was performed in Luzhou, China (2014). Questionnaires, physical examinations and biochemical tests were conducted. Finally, we included 2486 females who were > 40 years old as participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the association of serum acid levels and other variables. Serum GGT levels were divided into four groups using the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles as cut-off points. Finally, binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of different serum GGT quartiles with the risk of hyperuricemia. RESULTS The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 25.1% in the studied population and gradually increased across the serum GGT quartiles (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that compared with subjects in the lowest quartile of serum GGT levels, the adjusted odds ratio (ORs) for uric acid in the highest quartile was 2.34 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.68-3.28, P < 0.001),after corrections for TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, creatinine (CR), GGT, AST, ALT, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial 2-h plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), age, BMI, SBP, DBP, waist-to-hip ratio and neck circumference (NC). CONCLUSIONS The serum GGT level is associated with hyperuricemia in middle-aged and elderly Chinese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ya
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou , China
- b Department of Endocrinology , Pixian Chinese Medicine Hospital , Chengdu , China
| | - Liu Fei
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou , China
| | - Zeng Yue
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou , China
| | - Liu Dan
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou , China
| | - Lin Neng-Bo
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou , China
| | - Luo Yi
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou , China
| | - Miao Ying
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou , China
| | - Wan Qin
- a Department of Endocrinology , The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College , Luzhou , China
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21
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Washio KW, Kusunoki Y, Murase T, Nakamura T, Osugi K, Ohigashi M, Sukenaga T, Ochi F, Matsuo T, Katsuno T, Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Namba M, Koyama H. Xanthine oxidoreductase activity is correlated with insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation in young humans. Metabolism 2017; 70:51-56. [PMID: 28403945 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the formation of uric acid (UA) from hypoxanthine and xanthine, which in turn are products of purine metabolism starting from ribose-5-phosphate. Besides the synthesis of UA, basic research has suggested that XOR is involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species, adipogenesis, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). XOR activity has shown to be much lower in humans than in rodents, which makes its accurate measurement difficult. Recently, a novel human plasma XOR activity assay has been established using a combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQMS) to detect [13C2,15N2]UA using [13C2,15N2]xanthine as a substrate. Using this novel assay, we for the first time determine plasma XOR activity in humans, and evaluate its association with insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and other parameters. METHODS Of the 29 volunteers who wished to participate in the study, 3 were excluded; of the remaining, 11 were female and 15 were male with a mean age of 25.9±3.3years. Blood samples were collected under fasting conditions in the early morning to measure XOR activity and other parameters. RESULTS The natural logarithmic value of XOR activity (ln-XOR) in plasma was 3.4±0.8pmol/h/mL. Ln-XOR had a positive correlation with UA and body mass index (BMI) and a negative correlation with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and adiponectin. In addition, ln-XOR had a positive correlation with hsCRP levels, which serves as a marker of chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The present study has shown that XOR activity is correlated with serum UA levels in humans. Furthermore, even in young subjects, XOR activity is correlated with insulin resistance, BMI, and subclinical inflammation. Thus, XOR activity may be potentially involved in adiposity and subclinical inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Watanabe Washio
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kusunoki
- Division of Innovative Diabetes Treatment, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Takayo Murase
- Radioisotope and Chemical Analysis Center, Laboratory Management Department, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd., 363 Shiosaki Hokusei Town Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Pharmacological Study Group, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd., 363 Shiosaki Hokusei Town Inabe, Mie 511-0406, Japan
| | - Keiko Osugi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mana Ohigashi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Sukenaga
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ochi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsuo
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Katsuno
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Moriwaki
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Namba
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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Losano J, Angrimani D, Dalmazzo A, Rui BR, Brito MM, Mendes CM, Kawai G, Vannucchi CI, Assumpção M, Barnabe VH, Nichi M. Effect of mitochondrial uncoupling and glycolysis inhibition on ram sperm functionality. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:289-297. [PMID: 28058736 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the importance of mitochondria to sperm functionality, as the main source of ATP for cellular homoeostasis and motility. However, the role of mitochondria on sperm metabolism is still controversial. Studies indicate that, for some species, glycolysis may be the main mechanism for sperm energy production. For ram sperm, such pathway is not clear. Thus, we evaluated ram sperm in response to mitochondrial uncoupling and glycolysis inhibition aiming to assess the importance of each pathway for sperm functionality. Statistical analysis was performed by the SAS System for Windows, using the General Linear Model Procedure. Data were tested for residue normality and variance homogeneity. A p < .05 was considered significant. Groups treated with the mitochondrial uncoupler Carbonyl cyanide 3 chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) showed a decrease in the percentage of cells with low mitochondrial activity and high mitochondrial membrane potential. We also observed that the highest CCCP concentration promotes a decrease in sperm susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Regardless the lack of effect of CCCP on total motility, this substance induced significant alterations on sperm kinetics. Besides the interference of CCCP on spermatic movement patterns, it was also possible to observe such an effect in samples treated with the inhibitor of glycolysis (2-deoxy-d-glucose, DOG). Furthermore, treatment with DOG also led to a dose-dependent increase in sperm susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Based on our results, we suggest that the glycolysis appears to be as important as oxidative phosphorylation for ovine sperm kinetics as this mechanism is capable of maintaining full motility when most of the cells have a low mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, we found that changes in the glycolytic pathway trough glycolysis inhibition are likely involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and sperm oxidative unbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jda Losano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dsr Angrimani
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Dalmazzo
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - B R Rui
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M M Brito
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Mendes
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gkv Kawai
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C I Vannucchi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Meoa Assumpção
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V H Barnabe
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Nichi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Kakutani-Hatayama M, Kadoya M, Okazaki H, Kurajoh M, Shoji T, Koyama H, Tsutsumi Z, Moriwaki Y, Namba M, Yamamoto T. Nonpharmacological Management of Gout and Hyperuricemia: Hints for Better Lifestyle. Am J Lifestyle Med 2015; 11:321-329. [PMID: 30202351 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615601973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed lifestyle factors that influence serum uric acid levels and risk of gout flare, and how to improve their deleterious effects. Since obesity increases uric acid and weight gain increases gout risk, weight reduction by daily exercise and limiting intake of excess calories is recommended. However, strenuous exercise, which causes adenine nucleotide degradation; starvation, which decreases uric acid excretion; and dehydration may raise the level of uric acid in serum and trigger gout. Increased intake of purine-rich foods, such as meat and seafood, raise the level of uric acid in serum and is associated with increased risk of gout, whereas dairy products, especially low-fat types, are associated with a lower risk of gout. Also, heavy alcohol drinking raises the uric acid level and increases the risk of gout through adenine nucleotide degradation and lactate production. Sweet fruits and soft drinks containing fructose should be moderated, since fructose may raise uric acid and increase gout risk through uric acid production and/or decreased excretion. On the other hand, the Mediterranean diet is recommended for gout patients, since it may also help prevent hyperuricemia. Furthermore, coffee and vitamin C supplementation could be considered as preventive measures, as those can lower serum uric acid levels as well as the risk of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kakutani-Hatayama
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kadoya
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okazaki
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurajoh
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takuhito Shoji
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Zenta Tsutsumi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuji Moriwaki
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Namba
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Doehner W, Jankowska EA, Springer J, Lainscak M, Anker SD. Uric acid and xanthine oxidase in heart failure - Emerging data and therapeutic implications. Int J Cardiol 2015; 213:15-9. [PMID: 26318388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of hyperuricaemia as cardiovascular risk factor has exhaustingly been debated for decades. While the association of elevated uric acid (UA) levels with increased mortality risk as convincingly been shown, the question whether UA is independently predictive of just a related effect within a more complex risk factor profile (including metabolic, inflammatory and haemodynamic risk factors) is still a matter of dispute. In heart failure the independent prognostic and functional impact of elevated UA has not only been shown but also the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) and the potential of targeted therapeutic interventions have been investigated in some detail. The emerging picture suggests the increased activity of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) with corresponding increased production of free oxygen radical (ROS) as a main underlying principle with the resulting increase in UA levels being mostly a marker of this up-regulated pathway. While this concept will not diminish the value of UA as a prognostic marker, it provides the basis for a novel metabolic treatment option and the means to identify those patients most eligible for this tailored therapy. This review will summarize the recent evidence on XO as a novel and promising therapeutic target in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Doehner
- Centre for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ewa A Jankowska
- Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jochen Springer
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Division of Cardiology, University Clinic or Respiratory Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
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Doehner W, Frenneaux M, Anker SD. Metabolic impairment in heart failure: the myocardial and systemic perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:1388-400. [PMID: 25257642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although bioenergetic starvation is not a new concept in heart failure (HF), recent research has led to a growing appreciation of the complexity of metabolic aspects of HF pathophysiology. All steps of energy extraction, transfer, and utilization are affected, and structural metabolism is impaired, leading to compromised functional integrity of tissues. Not only the myocardium, but also peripheral tissues and organs are affected by metabolic failure, resulting in a global imbalance between catabolic and anabolic signals, leading to tissue wasting and, ultimately, to cachexia. Metabolic feedback signals from muscle and fat actively contribute to further myocardial strain, promoting disease progression. The prolonged survival of patients with stable, compensated HF will increasingly bring chronic metabolic complications of HF to the fore and gradually shift its clinical presentation. This paper reviews recent evidence on myocardial and systemic metabolic impairment in HF and summarizes current and emerging therapeutic concepts with specific metabolic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Doehner
- Centre for Stroke Research Berlin and Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Frenneaux
- University of Aberdeen School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Nakamura K, Sakurai M, Miura K, Morikawa Y, Nagasawa SY, Ishizaki M, Kido T, Naruse Y, Nakashima M, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Nakagawa H. HOMA-IR and the risk of hyperuricemia: a prospective study in non-diabetic Japanese men. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 106:154-60. [PMID: 25112919 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relation of insulin resistant status determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with the risk of incident hyperuricemia. METHODS The study participants included 2071 Japanese men without hyperuricemia and diabetes, aged 35-54 years. The participants had undergone annual heath examinations for 6 years to compare incident hyperuricemia (serum uric acid >416.4μmol/L (7.0mg/dL) and/or taking medication for hyperuricemia) in four groups based on quartiles of baseline HOMA-IR. RESULTS During follow-up there were 331 incident cases of hyperuricemia. The hazard ratios for hyperuricemia, compared with HOMA-IR ≤0.66, were 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.98) for HOMA-IR 0.67-0.98, 1.20 (0.86-1.68) for HOMA-IR 0.99-1.49 and 1.44 (1.04-1.98) for HOMA-IR ≥1.50 after adjustment for baseline serum uric acid, creatinine, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension status, age, alcohol intake, and smoking and exercise habits. The hazard ratio associated with an increase of one standard deviation in lnHOMA-IR (1.85 as one geometric standard deviation of HOMA-IR) was 1.14 (1.03-1.28) (p for trend=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Increased HOMA-IR independently predicted the subsequent development of hyperuricemia. Insulin resistance itself or compensatory hyperinsulinemia may contribute to the development of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, and Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Nagasawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuchi Naruse
- Department of Human Science and Fundamental Nursing, Toyama University School of Nursing, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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27
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Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Seed Extract Decreases Serum Uric Acid Levels in Nonobese Japanese Males: A Randomized Controlled Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:589169. [PMID: 24454499 PMCID: PMC3877583 DOI: 10.1155/2013/589169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract (MSE) containing trans-resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) and other derivatives exerts various beneficial effects. However, its mechanism of action in humans remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate beneficial effects of MSE in healthy adult males. In this double-blind, randomized controlled study, 30 males aged 35–70 years with ≤10% flow-mediated dilatation received placebo or 750 mg MSE powder for 8 weeks, and twenty-nine males (45.1 ± 8.8 years old) completed the trial. There was a significant difference in the melinjo and placebo groups. Compared with the placebo control, MSE significantly reduced serum uric acid at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (n = 14 and 15, resp.). HDL cholesterol was significantly increased in the melinjo group. To clarify the mechanism of MSE for reducing uric acid, we investigated xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor binding inhibition rate, and agonistic activities for PPARα and PPARγ. MSE, trans-resveratrol, and a resveratrol dimer, gnetin C (GC), significantly inhibit AT1 receptor binding and exhibit mild agonistic activities for PPARα and PPARγ. In conclusion, MSE may decrease serum uric acid regardless of insulin resistance and may improve lipid metabolism by increasing HDL cholesterol.
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Tsushima Y, Nishizawa H, Tochino Y, Nakatsuji H, Sekimoto R, Nagao H, Shirakura T, Kato K, Imaizumi K, Takahashi H, Tamura M, Maeda N, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Uric acid secretion from adipose tissue and its increase in obesity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27138-27149. [PMID: 23913681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.485094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by hyperuricemia. However, purine metabolism in various tissues, especially regarding uric acid production, has not been fully elucidated. Here we report, using mouse models, that adipose tissue could produce and secrete uric acid through xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and that the production was enhanced in obesity. Plasma uric acid was elevated in obese mice and attenuated by administration of the XOR inhibitor febuxostat. Adipose tissue was one of major organs that had abundant expression and activities of XOR, and adipose tissues in obese mice had higher XOR activities than those in control mice. 3T3-L1 and mouse primary mature adipocytes produced and secreted uric acid into culture medium. The secretion was inhibited by febuxostat in a dose-dependent manner or by gene knockdown of XOR. Surgical ischemia in adipose tissue increased local uric acid production and secretion via XOR, with a subsequent increase in circulating uric acid levels. Uric acid secretion from whole adipose tissue was increased in obese mice, and uric acid secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes was increased under hypoxia. Our results suggest that purine catabolism in adipose tissue could be enhanced in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tsushima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Tochino
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakatsuji
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sekimoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nagao
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirakura
- Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Kenta Kato
- Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Mizuho Tamura
- Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Han HW, Bae SH, Jung YH, Moon J. Genome-wide characterization of the relationship between essential and TATA-containing genes. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:444-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Proteomic analysis by SILAC and 2D-DIGE reveals radiation-induced endothelial response: Four key pathways. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2319-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Doehner W, Landmesser U. Xanthine oxidase and uric acid in cardiovascular disease: clinical impact and therapeutic options. Semin Nephrol 2012; 31:433-40. [PMID: 22000650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The association between increased uric acid (UA) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been observed and studied for many decades. The value of UA as an independent factor within the metabolic risk profile for prediction of CVD in the normal population remains an issue of ongoing discussion. In turn, increasing evidence suggests that among patients with established CVD such as heart failure UA is an independent marker of disease state and prognosis. Increased UA levels may be an indicator of up-regulated activity of xanthine oxidase, a powerful oxygen radical-generating system in human physiology. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation contributes to endothelial dysfunction, metabolic and functional impairment, inflammatory activation, and other features of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Accordingly, inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity has been shown to improve a range of surrogate markers in patients with CVD, but this effect seems to be confined to hyperuricemic patients because disappointing results were reported in studies with normouricemic patients. In this review we summarize current evidence on hyperuricemia in CVD. The value of UA as a biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for tailored metabolic treatment in CVD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Doehner
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin and Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Ma C, Kang H, Liu Q, Zhu R, Cao Z. Insight into potential toxicity mechanisms of melamine: An in silico study. Toxicology 2011; 283:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Haj Mouhamed D, Ezzaher A, Neffati F, Douki W, Gaha L, Najjar MF. Effect of cigarette smoking on plasma uric acid concentrations. Environ Health Prev Med 2010; 16:307-12. [PMID: 21431788 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-010-0198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cigarette smoking on plasma uric acid concentration and to determine the correlation between this parameter and the biological tobacco markers, plasma thiocyanate and urinary cotinine. METHODS The initial study was conducted on 300 subjects; 138 of them were nonsmokers (62 men and 76 women) aged 14-72 years and 162 were current smokers (145 men and 17 women) aged 16-85 years. Uric acid, creatinine, and urinary cotinine were determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method and plasma thiocyanate by selective electrode. RESULTS Plasma uric acid concentration was significantly lower in smokers than in nonsmokers. A statistically significant negative correlation was noted between the smoking status parameters, including both the number of cigarettes smoked/day (F (3-161) = 12.063; r = -0.9968; p = 0.0001) and the duration of smoking (F (3-161) = 1.305; r = -0.9406; p = 0.0274), and the plasma uric acid. Among smokers, we noted a negative correlation between uric acid and both plasma thiocyanates (r = -0.437; p < 0.05) and urinary cotinine (r = -0.580; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION After excluding the other factors affecting the uric acid levels, the significant low plasma uric acid in smokers was attributed to a reduction of the endogenous production as a result of the chronic exposure to cigarette smoke that is a significant source of oxidative stress. Therefore, it is recommended to stop or reduce smoking and to introduce plasma uric acid estimation as a routine test, since it is cheap and simple to reflect the antioxidant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhouha Haj Mouhamed
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia.
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Chaubey MK, Upadhyay RK. Biochemical and enzymatic changes after black scorpion Heterometrus fastigiousus Couzijn envenomation in experimental albino mice. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:874-84. [PMID: 18418845 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The toxic effects of Asian black scorpion Heterometrus fastigiousus (Family, Scorpionidae) venom were determined in albino mice (NIH strain). Venom was isolated and fractioned by Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The toxicity of fractioned venom was determined in albino mice by subcutaneous envenomation. The LD(50) of venom was found to be 15 mg kg(-1) body weight and range of molecular weight of venom proteins responsible for toxicity was found from 9.5-63 kDs. The effects of fractioned venom on different biochemical and enzymatic parameters in blood serum and gastrocnemius muscle tissue of albino mice were determined after experimental envenomation. An increase in serum levels of glucose, free amino acids, uric acid, pyruvic acid and total protein was observed while a decrease in the cholesterol level in serum was observed after 4 h of envenomation. Increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) enzyme activity in serum was observed. Glycogen content in liver, atria, ventricle, rectus abdominus and gastrocnemius muscle was decreased after experimental envenomation. Activity of ALP, ACP, LDH, GPT, AChE and Na+K+ATPase enzymes in gastrocnemius muscle tissue of envenomed albino mice was studied. Inhibition in ALP, AChE and Na+K+ATPase enzyme activity and increase in ACP, LDH and GPT enzyme activity was observed in gastrocnemius muscle after scorpion envenomation. In vitro studies with AChE and Na+K+ATPase enzymes indicated that enzymatic activity of AChE was inhibited competitively by fractioned venom in gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Chaubey
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate College, Gorakhpur-273001, U.P., India.
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Bonora E, Capaldo B, Perin PC, Del Prato S, De Mattia G, Frittitta L, Frontoni S, Leonetti F, Luzi L, Marchesini G, Marini MA, Natali A, Paolisso G, Piatti PM, Pujia A, Solini A, Vettor R, Bonadonna RC. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are independently associated with plasma lipids, uric acid and blood pressure in non-diabetic subjects. The GISIR database. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18:624-631. [PMID: 18060751 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We evaluated whether hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance are independently associated with plasma lipids, uric acid and blood pressure in non-diabetic subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS A database of non-diabetic Italian subjects has recently been set up using data from hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies carried out using the standard technique (40 mU per min per square meter of body surface area). In this database we evaluated the relationships between fasting plasma insulin (FPI), glucose metabolized during clamp (M) and plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), uric acid (UA) as well as blood pressure (BP) in non-diabetic subjects with fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/l. Parallel analyses were conducted in all subjects in the database (n=1093) and in those with all variables available (n=309). In the univariate analysis both FPI and M were significantly correlated with TG, HDL-C, UA and BP (systolic, diastolic and mean). Multivariate regression analyses including center, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), FPI and M as independent variables showed that: (1) TG and UA were positively correlated with FPI and negatively correlated with M; (2) HDL-C was negatively correlated with FPI and positively correlated with M; and (3) BP was negatively correlated with both FPI and M. Analyses of covariance showed that, after adjusting for center, sex, age and BMI, subjects with isolated hyperinsulinemia or isolated insulin resistance had higher TG and UA and lower HDL-C. Subjects with isolated insulin resistance had also higher BP whereas subjects with isolated hyperinsulinemia had lower BP. Subjects with both defects had a worse profile. CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance might contribute with distinct and independent mechanisms to the development of several metabolic and hemodynamic disorders often clustering in the same individual. In particular, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and hyperuricemia seem to be related to both hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, whereas hypertension seems to be related only to insulin resistance.
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Hanna BE, Hamed JM, Touhala LM. Serum uric Acid in smokers. Oman Med J 2008; 23:269-274. [PMID: 22334840 PMCID: PMC3273920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the possible effect of smoking on serum uric acid. METHODS Subjects enrolled in study were divided into two groups; nonsmokers and smokers, each with 60 male volunteers of the same social class and dietary habit without history of alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia and gout, renal, joint, lung or heart diseases. Fasting blood and random urine samples were obtained from both groups for measurement of uric acid and creatinine. Calculation of both urine uric acid/urine creatinine ratio and fraction excretion of uric acid were done. The results were statistically evaluated by standard statistical methods. RESULTS No significant differences in the age, serum creatinine, spot urine uric acid/urine creatinine ratio and fraction excretion of uric acid between the two groups, serum uric acid was significantly lower in smokers. In smokers there was significant negative correlation of smoking status (average number of cigarette smoked/day, duration of smoking and cumulative amount of smoking) with serum uric acid. CONCLUSION After exclusion of other factors affecting uric acid level, the significant low serum uric acid level in smokers was attributed to reduce endogenous production as a result of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke that is a significant source of oxidative stress. As this reduction is proportionate with smoking status and predisposes to cardiovascular disease, it is, therefore, recommended for smokers to stop or reduce smoking and introduce serum uric acid estimation as routine test since its cheap and simple to reflect their antioxidant level. KEYWORDS Smokers; Uric acid; CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam E. Hanna
- Address Corresponding and reprint request to: Dr. Bassam E. Hanna, Department of Medicine, Nineveh College of medicine Biochemistry, Mosul, IRAQ
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Iori E, Millioni R, Puricelli L, Arrigoni G, Lenzini L, Trevisan R, James P, Rossi GP, Pinna LA, Tessari P. Glycolytic enzyme expression and pyruvate kinase activity in cultured fibroblasts from type 1 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2008; 1782:627-33. [PMID: 18840520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with nephropathy (DN+) are insulin-resistant, we aimed to identify (new) potential molecular sites involved in the alterations of glucose metabolism in these patients. We examined the expression of glycolytic enzymes in cultured fibroblasts from T1DM(DN+) patients as compared to those from T1DM patients without nephropathy (DN-) and from controls. Pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was also determined. Human skin fibroblasts were grown in normal glucose (6 mM). RNAs and proteins were analyzed, respectively, using cRNA microarray and two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by identification with mass spectrometry. PK activity was measured using a spectrophotometric assay. As compared to controls, increases in the gene expression of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase and triosephosphate isomerase were found in T1DM(DN+) patients, but not in T1DM(DN-) patients. In T1DM(DN+) patients, the protein analysis showed an altered expression of three glycolytic enzymes: triosophosphate isomerase, enolase and PK. In addition, PK activity in fibroblasts from T1DM(DN+) patients was lower than that in T1DM(DN-) and in controls. In conclusion, this study reports novel alterations of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism that may be associated with the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and of renal damage in T1DM(DN+) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Iori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Chair of Metabolism, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Yamashita N, Enjoji M, Kotoh K, Kato M, Ueda A, Horikawa Y, Tajiri H, Higuchi N, Kinukawa N, Nakamuta M, Takayanagi R. Investigation of hyperuricemia during pegylated-interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Dig Dis 2008; 9:27-31. [PMID: 18251791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-9573.2007.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperuricemia has been reported as being an adverse effect of pegylated-interferon-alpha2b (Peg-IFNalpha2b) and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C and hyperuricemic changes occur in some patients during the therapy. However, detailed investigation of the elevation of uric acid has not been carried out previously. The incidence and mechanism of hyperuricemia were investigated in this study. METHODS The data of 50 patients with chronic hepatitis C who had been treated with Peg-IFNalpha2b and ribavirin combination therapy or pegylated-interferon-alpha2a monotherapy for more than 24 weeks were analyzed. The effects of these treatments were evaluated clinically by the serum uric acid level and its urinary excretion rates. RESULTS In patients with pegylated-interferon-alpha2a monotherapy, no significant elevation was shown either in serum uric acid concentrations or excretion rates. On the other hand, serum uric acid concentrations were significantly elevated during the combination therapy, reaching > or =7.0 mg/L in men and > or =6.5 mg/L in women in 15% of patients. The urinary uric acid excretion rate was also elevated significantly. CONCLUSION Peg-IFNalpha2b plus ribavirin combination therapy induced an elevation of uric acid concentration, although the elevated levels were still within normal limit in many cases. It may be that ribavirin plays a leading role in its elevation and other factors may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamashita
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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List EO, Berryman DE, Palmer AJ, Qiu L, Sankaran S, Kohn DT, Kelder B, Okada S, Kopchick JJ. Analysis of mouse skin reveals proteins that are altered in a diet-induced diabetic state: a new method for detection of type 2 diabetes. Proteomics 2007; 7:1140-9. [PMID: 17390296 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, proteomic analysis was performed on the skin of C57BL/6J mice with type 2 diabetes and compared to nondiabetic controls. To induce obesity and subsequent diabetes, mice were placed on a high-fat diet for 16 wk. After 16 wk, both diabetic and nondiabetic control mice were sacrificed and their skin removed for analysis. Following 2-DE, proteomic profiles from the skin samples were quantified using PDQuest software. Out of more than 1000 distinct protein spots, 28 were shown to be significantly altered with 6 being decreased and 22 increased in the diabetic state compared to controls. The 28 protein spots were removed from the gels and analyzed by MALDI-TOF and MS/MS analyses. Protein identifications revealed that 17 of the 28 proteins were involved in energy metabolism (60.7% of changes observed). Collectively, none of the significantly altered proteins had been shown previously to be altered in diabetic skin. This study not only helps to identify proteins found in skin samples of obese mice with type 2 diabetes, but also shows that skin biopsies coupled with proteomic analysis may be useful as a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of hyperinsulinemia and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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Chen LY, Zhu WH, Chen ZW, Dai HL, Ren JJ, Chen JH, Chen LQ, Fang LZ. Relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007; 8:593-8. [PMID: 17657863 PMCID: PMC1934956 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia. METHODS A total of 2 374 subjects who received health examination in our hospital from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 were enrolled in our study. Hyperuricemia is defined as >or=7 mg/dl (in men) or >or=6.0 mg/dl (in women). Metabolic syndrome was defined using AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) criteria. RESULTS (1) The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.10%. The condition was more common in men than in women (19.07% vs 3.42%). (2) Among men, uric acid concentration is statistically significantly positively correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride. Uric acid is negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Uric acid concentration is most strongly correlated with serum triglyceride (r=0.379) and waist circumference (r=0.297). Among women, statistically significant positive correlations were noted for the serum uric acid concentrations with waist circumference, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose. Serum triglyceride (r=0.329) and waist circumference (r=0.234) are most strongly correlated with uric acid concentrations. (3) Men with hyperuricemia had a 1.634-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those without hyperuricemia [odds ratio (OR)=1.634, P=0.000]. Women with hyperuricemia had a 1.626-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.626, P=0.000) as compared with those without hyperuricemia. CONCLUSION Hyperuricemia is prevalent among Chinese population. Additionally, serum uric acid is positively associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Pascual-Figal DA, Hurtado-Martínez JA, Redondo B, Antolinos MJ, Ruiperez JA, Valdes M. Hyperuricaemia and long-term outcome after hospital discharge in acute heart failure patients. Eur J Heart Fail 2006; 9:518-24. [PMID: 17064961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid (UA) may be involved in chronic heart failure (HF) pathogenesis, entailing a worse outcome. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of hyperuricaemia as a prognostic marker after hospital discharge in acute HF patients. METHODS We studied 212 patients consecutively discharged after an episode of acute HF with LVEF<40%. Blood samples for UA measurement were extracted in the morning prior to discharge. The evaluated endpoints were death and new HF hospitalization. RESULTS Mean UA levels were 7.4+/-2.4 mg/dl (range 1.6 to 16 mg/dl), with 127 (60%) of patients being within the range of hyperuricaemia. Hyperuricaemia was associated with a higher risk of death (n=48) (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.9, p=0.028), new HF readmission (n=67) (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.1, p=0.023) and the combined event (n=100) (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, p=0.004). At 24 months, cumulative event-free survival was lower in the two higher UA quartiles (36.9% and 40.7% vs. 63.5% and 59.5%, log rank=0.006). After adjustment for potential confounders, hyperuricaemia remains an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.6, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In hospitalized patients with acute HF and LV systolic dysfunction, hyperuricaemia is a long-term prognostic marker for death and/or new HF readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo A Pascual-Figal
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Spain.
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Madsen TE, Muhlestein JB, Carlquist JF, Horne BD, Bair TL, Jackson JD, Lappe JM, Pearson RR, Anderson JL. Serum uric acid independently predicts mortality in patients with significant, angiographically defined coronary disease. Am J Nephrol 2005; 25:45-9. [PMID: 15724082 DOI: 10.1159/000084085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 12/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid is a nontraditional risk factor implicated in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study prospectively evaluated the predictive value of serum uric acid (SUA) levels for mortality after angiographic diagnosis of CAD. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 1,595 consecutive, consenting patients with significant, angiographically defined CAD (stenosis 70%). Baseline and procedural variables were recorded and levels of SUA were measured. Patients were followed to death or to the time of contact (mean 2.6 years, range 1.8-5.0 years). RESULTS Patients averaged 65 +/- 11 years of age, 78% were male and 170 subjects died during the follow-up period. In univariate analysis of prospectively defined quintiles, SUA predicted all-cause mortality (fifth quintile vs. first four quintiles: hazard ratio 1.9, p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression controlling for 20 covariables, independent predictive value for mortality was retained by SUA (hazard ratio 1.5, confidence interval 1.02-2.1, p = 0.04). In subgroup analysis based on diuretic use status, SUA independently predicted mortality among patients not using diuretics, while SUA was not a significant predictor of mortality among those who used diuretics. CONCLUSIONS In patients with significant, angiographically defined CAD, SUA predicted mortality independent of traditional risk factors. This suggests that elevated SUA may be a risk factor for mortality in patients with significant cardiovascular disease and may be a stronger secondary than primary risk factor in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy E Madsen
- Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Wisser KC, Schauerte JA, Burke DT, Galecki A, Chen S, Miller RA, Gafni A. Mapping tissue-specific genes correlated with age-dependent changes in protein stability and function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 432:58-70. [PMID: 15519297 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical measurements indicative of protein stability and function were performed on crude extracts from liver, muscle, and lens of a genetically heterogeneous mouse population. Genetic information was used to search for quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influenced the biophysical traits, with emphasis on phenotypes that previously have been shown to be altered in aged animals. Spectroscopic and enzymatic assays of crude liver and muscle tissue extracts from approximately 600 18-month-old mice, the progeny of (BALB/cJxC57BL/6J)F1 females and (C3H/HeJxDBA/2J)F1 males, were used to measure the susceptibility of a ubiquitous glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), to thermal denaturation. The rate constant for thermal inactivation of GAPDH correlated with markers on chromosome 5 (D5Mit79 and D5Mit251) for muscle lysates and chromosome 15 (D15Mit63 and D15Mit100) for liver tissue. The degree of variability of inactivation rate constants, a measure of the heterogeneity of muscle GAPDH in tissue extracts, was also associated with markers on chromosome 5 (D5Mit79 and D5Mit205). In addition, spectroscopic characteristics of extracted eye lens proteins were evaluated for their susceptibility to photooxidative stress. Absorbance and fluorescence emission characteristics of the lens proteins were mapped to QTL on chromosomes 5 and 15 (D5Mit25 and D15Mit171) while the degree of heterogeneity in photochemical oxidation kinetics was associated with a marker on the chromosome 8 (D8Mit42). Recent work has shown that GAPDH possesses a number of non-glycolytic functions including DNA/RNA binding and regulation of protein expression. Tissue specific differences in GAPDH stability may have significant consequences to these alternate functions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Wisser
- Biophysics Research Division, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In some western populations, increased serum uric acid has been positively associated with cardiovascular disease, possibly because hyperuricaemia could be an untoward part of the insulin-resistant metabolic syndrome. However, there is evidence that uric acid is a free radical scavenger capable of inhibiting LDL oxidation. Amongst the traditional horticulturalists of Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and abdominal obesity are absent or rare. In contrast, serum triglycerides are similar to Swedish levels. OBJECTIVE To compare serum uric acid between nonwesternized and westernized populations. METHODS Fasting levels of serum uric acid were measured cross-sectionally in 171 Kitavans aged 20-86 years and in 244 randomly selected Swedish subjects aged 20-80 years. RESULTS There were small differences in serum uric acid between the two populations, although a slight increase with age was found only in Swedish males (r = 0.20; P = 0.03) and females (r = 0.36; P < 0.0001). Above 40 years of age, uric acid was approximately 10% lower in Kitavans, a difference which was statistically significant only in males, possibly because of the limited number of females. Regarding hyperuricaemia, two Kitavan males had uric acid above 450 micromol L-1 whilst none of the females was above 340 micromol L-1. Amongst the Swedish subjects, five of 117 males and 19 of 127 females had hyperuricaemia according to these definitions. CONCLUSION The rather similar uric acid levels between Kitava and Sweden imply that uric acid is of minor importance to explain the apparent absence of cardiovascular disease in Kitava.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lindeberg
- Department of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Stevenson JC, Oladipo A, Manassiev N, Whitehead MI, Guilford S, Proudler AJ. Randomized trial of effect of transdermal continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk markers. Br J Haematol 2004; 124:802-8. [PMID: 15009069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is beneficial for coronary heart disease (CHD) is controversial. We hypothesized that continuous combined transdermal HRT may have benefits on CHD risk markers without the potential adverse effects seen with certain other HRT regimens. Sixty apparently healthy postmenopausal women, aged 40-65 years, entered a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial; 55 women completed the 6-month study. Women received either transdermal oestradiol 17beta 0.05 mg and norethisterone acetate 0.125 mg daily, or identical placebo. Circulating markers of vascular function and remodelling, forearm blood flow, lipids and lipoproteins, glucose and insulin, and haemostatic safety parameters were measured at baseline and after treatment. Compared with placebo after 6 months, HRT administration resulted in decreased E-selectin (P < 0.01), and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE; P = 0.05). Cholesterol (P < 0.05), low-density lipoproteins (LDL; P < 0.05), high-density lipoprotein3 (HDL3; P < 0.05) and apolipoproteins AII (P < 0.05) and B (P < 0.05), and fasting insulin (P < 0.05) also decreased in the HRT group. Factor VII coagulation activity decreased (P < 0.01) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibrin D-dimer increased (P < 0.05) in the HRT group, whilst prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (P < 0.05) decreased, more so in the placebo group. There were no changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, or in LDL particle size. This transdermal HRT had beneficial effects on vascular function and CHD risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Stevenson
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, UK.
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Beisswenger PJ, Howell SK, Smith K, Szwergold BS. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity as an independent modifier of methylglyoxal levels in diabetes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1637:98-106. [PMID: 12527413 DOI: 10.1016/s09254439(02)00219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) may be an important cause of diabetic complications. Its primary source is dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) whose levels are partially controlled by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Using a human red blood cell (RBC) culture, we examined the effect of modifying GAPDH activity on MG production. With the inhibitor koningic acid (KA), we showed a linear, concentration-dependent GAPDH inhibition, with 5 microM KA leading to a 79% reduction of GAPDH activity and a sixfold increase in MG. Changes in redox state produced by elevated pH also resulted in a 2.4-fold increase in MG production at pH 7.5 and a 13.4-fold increase at pH 7.8. We found substantial inter-individual variation in DHAP and MG levels and an inverse relationship between GAPDH activity and MG production (R=0.57, P=0.005) in type 2 diabetes. A similar relationship between GAPDH activity and MG was observed in vivo in type 1 diabetes (R=0.29, P=0.0018). Widely varying rates of progression of diabetic complications are seen among individuals. We postulate that modification of GAPDH by environmental factors or genetic dysregulation and the resultant differences in MG production could at least partially account for this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Beisswenger
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolism Division, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Doehner W, Rauchhaus M, Florea VG, Sharma R, Bolger AP, Davos CH, Coats AJ, Anker SD. Uric acid in cachectic and noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure: relationship to leg vascular resistance. Am Heart J 2001; 141:792-9. [PMID: 11320368 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2001.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a hyperuricemic state, and capillary endothelium is the predominant site of xanthine oxidase in the vasculature. Upregulated xanthine oxidase activity (through production of toxic free radicals) may contribute to impaired regulation of vascular tone in CHF. We aimed to study the relationship between serum uric acid levels and leg vascular resistance in patients with CHF with and without cachexia and in healthy control subjects. METHODS In 23 cachectic and 44 noncachectic patients with CHF (age, 62 +/- 1 years, mean +/- SEM) and 10 healthy control subjects (age, 68 +/- 1 years), we assessed leg resting and postischemic peak vascular resistance (calculated from mean blood pressure and leg blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography). RESULTS Cachectic patients, compared with noncachectic patients and control subjects, had the highest uric acid levels (612 +/- 36 vs 459 +/- 18 and 346 +/- 21 micromol/L, respectively, both P <.0001) and the lowest peak leg blood flow and vascular reactivity (reduction of leg vascular resistance from resting to postischemic conditions: 83% vs 88% and 90%, both P <.005). In all patients, postischemic vascular resistance correlated significantly and independently of age with uric acid (r = 0.61), creatinine (r = 0.47, both P <.0001), peak VO2 (r = 0.34), and New York Heart Association class (r = 0.33, both P <.01). This correlation was not present in healthy control subjects (r = -0.04, P =.9). In multivariate and stepwise regression analyses, serum uric acid emerged as the strongest predictor of peak leg vascular resistance (standardized coefficient = 0.61, P <.0001) independent of age, peak VO2, creatinine, New York Heart Association class, and diuretic dose. CONCLUSIONS Hyperuricemia and postischemic leg vascular resistance are highest in cachectic patients with CHF, and both are directly related independent of diuretic dose and kidney function. The xanthine oxidase metabolic pathway may contribute to impaired vasodilator capacity in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Doehner
- Clinical Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.
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Hodge AM, Boyko EJ, de Courten M, Zimmet PZ, Chitson P, Tuomilehto J, Alberti KG. Leptin and other components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Mauritius--a factor analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2001; 25:126-31. [PMID: 11244468 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use factor analysis to examine the putative role of leptin in the Metabolic Syndrome, and to define better the associations among observed variables and the identified factors. DESIGN Factor analysis of cross-sectional data from a 1987 survey. SUBJECTS Non-diabetic residents of Mauritius who participated in population-based surveys in 1987 and 1992 (1414 men and 1654 women). MEASUREMENTS Fasting and 2 h plasma glucose and insulin following a 75 g oral glucose load; seated blood pressure; body mass index (BMI); waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); and fasting serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, leptin and uric acid concentrations. RESULTS Principal components factor analysis revealed three factors for men and women that explained between 54 and 55% of the observed variance of the 12 measured variables. General features of these factors were as follows: factor 1, WHR, BMI, leptin, fasting and 2 h insulin, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol; factor 2, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, uric acid (men only), and fasting glucose (women only); and factor 3, fasting and 2 h glucose and insulin. Only three variables loaded on more than one factor with a loading > or = 0.4 (fasting and 2 h insulin, fasting glucose in women only). Leptin loaded on one factor only in both men and women. CONCLUSIONS Since multiple factors underlie the Metabolic Syndrome, and since no observed variable loads on all three factors, more than one mechanism might account for the observed clustering of risk characteristics. Leptin does not unite features of this syndrome due to its loading on one factor only. Uric acid is related to a different factor in men and women. The absence of gender differences in factor loadings argues for similar mechanisms for the Metabolic Syndrome in men and women in Mauritius. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 126-131
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hodge
- International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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