1
|
Salerno G, Rebora M, Gorb E, Gorb S. Mechanoecology: biomechanical aspects of insect-plant interactions. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2024; 210:249-265. [PMID: 38480551 PMCID: PMC10994878 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-024-01698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Plants and herbivorous insects as well as their natural enemies, such as predatory and parasitoid insects, are united by intricate relationships. During the long period of co-evolution with insects, plants developed a wide diversity of features to defence against herbivores and to attract pollinators and herbivores' natural enemies. The chemical basis of insect-plant interactions is established and many examples are studied, where feeding and oviposition site selection of phytophagous insects are dependent on the plant's secondary chemistry. However, often overlooked mechanical interactions between insects and plants can be rather crucial. In the context of mechanoecology, the evolution of plant surfaces and insect adhesive pads is an interesting example of competition between insect attachment systems and plant anti-attachment surfaces. The present review is focused on mechanical insect-plant interactions of some important pest species, such as the polyphagous Southern Green Stinkbug Nezara viridula and two frugivorous pest species, the polyphagous Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata and the monophagous olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae. Their ability to attach to plant surfaces characterised by different features such as waxes and trichomes is discussed. Some attention is paid also to Coccinellidae, whose interaction with plant leaf surfaces is substantial across all developmental stages in both phytophagous and predatory species that feed on herbivorous insects. Finally, the role of different kinds of anti-adhesive nanomaterials is discussed. They can reduce the attachment ability of insect pests to natural and artificial surfaces, potentially representing environmental friendly alternative methods to reduce insect pest impact in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianandrea Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Manuela Rebora
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia, 06121, Italy.
| | - Elena Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Role of Resorcinolic Lipids of Caryopsis Surface in the Process of Cereal Infection by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium culmorum. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cereal caryopses are rich in 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols, antimicrobial compounds. In this paper, the correlation between the presence of resorcinolic lipids on the surface of cereal grains and the susceptibility of their seedlings to infection by Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium culmorum was evaluated. The declines in length of both the roots and coleoptiles were observed in barley seedlings of Scarlett and Rabel cultivars grown from the wax-impoverished seeds infected with F92 and F93 strains of Rhizoctonia solani, respectively. Regarding wheat, R. solani F93 significantly reduced only the coleoptile growth. Resorcinolic lipids, being the mixture of homologues with C17–C25 carbon chains, were the only compounds washed off wheat caryopses by chloroform. Moreover, the better anti-Rhizoctonia solani F93 activity of 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols of wheat grains than that of rye caryopsis lipids was proven by the poisoned medium technique. Two saturated homologues (C21:0 and C23:0) were the most effective inhibitors of the mycelial growth of this fungus. Thus, the susceptibilities of barley and wheat seedlings to some fungal pathogens have been found to be related to the content and composition of 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinols in the waxy layer of cereal grains, confirming the protective role of these compounds, during the early stages of cereal development.
Collapse
|
3
|
Aslam M, Aparato VPM, Suh DY. (2'-Oxo)alkylresorcinols restore dehydration tolerance in a knockout line of PpORS, a bryophyte-specific type III polyketide synthase in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. PLANTA 2022; 255:129. [PMID: 35587293 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PpORS-produced 2'-oxo-5-pentacosylresorcinol (2'-oxo-C25-RL) restored dehydration tolerance in ors-3, a knockout mutant of PpORS. Feeding experiments with [14C]-2'-oxo-C25-RL suggested the role of PpORS products in cuticular polymer that confer dehydration resistance. 2'-Oxoalkylresorcinol synthase from the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens (PpORS) is the earliest diverged member of plant type III polyketide synthases, and produces very-long-chain 2'-oxoalkylresorcinols in vitro. Targeted knockouts of PpORS (ors) exhibited an abnormal phenotype (increased susceptibility to dehydration), and a defective cuticle in ors was suggested (Li et al., Planta 247:527-541, 2018). In the present study, we investigated chemical rescue of the ors phenotype and also metabolic fates of the PpORS products in the moss. Using C24-CoA as substrate, 2'-oxo-5-pentacosylresorcinol (2'-oxo-C25-RL) and two minor pyrones were first enzymatically prepared as total in vitro products. When a knockout mutant (ors-3) and control strains were grown in the presence of the total in vitro products or purified 2'-oxo-C25-RL, the ability of ors-3 and the control to survive dehydration stress increased in a dose-dependent manner. Structurally analogous long-chain alkylresorcinols also rescued the ors phenotype, although less efficiently. When the moss was grown in the presence of 14C-radiolabeled 2'-oxo-C25-RL, 96% of the radioactivity was recovered only after acid hydrolysis. These findings led us to propose that 2'-oxoalkylresorcinols are the functional in planta products of PpORS and are incorporated into cuticular biopolymers that confer resistance to dehydration. In addition, the earliest diverging ORS clade in phylogenetic trees of plant type III PKSs exclusively comprises bryophyte enzymes that share similar active site substitutions with PpORS. Further studies on these bryophyte enzymes may shed light on their roles in early plant evolution and offer a novel strategy for improving dehydration tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Vincent P M Aparato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Dae-Yeon Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun Y, Yao R, Ji X, Wu H, Luna A, Wang Z, Jetter R. Characterization of an alkylresorcinol synthase that forms phenolics accumulating in the cuticular wax on various organs of rye (Secale cereale). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:1294-1312. [PMID: 31981252 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols are bioactive compounds produced in diverse plant species, with chemical structures combining an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain and an aromatic ring with characteristic hydroxyl substituents. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize the enzyme that forms the alkylresorcinols accumulating in the cuticular wax on the surface of all above-ground organs of rye. Based on sequence homology with other type-III polyketide synthases, a candidate alkylresorcinol synthase was cloned. Yeast heterologous expression showed that the enzyme, ScARS, is highly specific for the formation of the aromatic resorcinol ring structure, through aldol condensation analogous to stilbene synthases. The enzyme accepts long-chain and very-long-chain acyl-CoA starter substrates, preferring saturated over unsaturated chains. It typically carries out three rounds of condensation with malonyl-CoA prior to cyclization, with only very minor activity for a fourth round of malonyl-CoA condensation and cyclization to 5-(2'-oxo)-alkylresorcinols or 5-(2'-hydroxy)-alkylresorcinols. Like other enzymes involved in cuticle formation, ScARS is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. ScARS expression patterns were found correlated with alkylresorcinol accumulation during leaf development and across different rye organs. Overall, our results thus suggest that ScARS synthesizes the cuticular alkylresorcinols found on diverse rye organ surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ruonan Yao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiufeng Ji
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hongqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Alvaro Luna
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rebora M, Salerno G, Piersanti S, Gorb E, Gorb S. Role of Fruit Epicuticular Waxes in Preventing Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Attachment in Different Cultivars of Olea europaea. INSECTS 2020; 11:E189. [PMID: 32192070 PMCID: PMC7142657 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the major pest of cultivated olives (Olea europaea L.), and a serious threat in all of the Mediterranean Region. In the present investigation, we demonstrated with traction force experiments that B. oleae female adhesion is reduced by epicuticular waxes (EWs) fruit surface, and that the olive fruit fly shows a different ability to attach to the ripe olive surface of different cultivars of O. europaea (Arbequina, Carolea, Dolce Agogia, Frantoio, Kalamata, Leccino, Manzanilla, Picholine, Nostrale di Rigali, Pendolino and San Felice) in terms of friction force and adhesion, in relation with different mean values of olive surface wettability. Cryo-scanning morphological investigation revealed that the EW present on the olive surface of the different analyzed cultivars are represented by irregular platelets varying in the orientation, thus contributing to affect the surface microroughness and wettability in the different cultivars, and consequently the olive fruit fly attachment. Further investigations to elucidate the role of EW in olive varietal resistance to the olive fruit fly in relation to the olive developmental stage and environmental conditions could be relevant to develop control methods alternative to the use of harmful pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rebora
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvana Piersanti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Elena Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (E.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Stanislav Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (E.G.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao X, Huang L, Kang L, Jetter R, Yao L, Li Y, Xiao Y, Wang D, Xiao Q, Ni Y, Guo Y. Comparative analyses of cuticular waxes on various organs of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:102-112. [PMID: 30884413 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular waxes cover the plant surface and serve as hydrophobic layer, exhibiting various wax profiles between plant species and plant organs. This paper reports comprehensive analysis of the waxes on organs exposed to air, including leaf, stem, pod pericarp, and petals (banner, wing and keel), and on seed coat enwrapped in pod pericarp of faba bean (Vicia faba). In total 7 classes of wax compounds were identified, including fatty acids, primary alcohols, alkyl esters, aldehydes, alkanes, cinnamyl alcohol esters, and alkylresorcinols. Overall, primary alcohols dominated the waxes on leaves and the seed coat enwrapped in pod pericarp, alkanes accumulated largely in stem and petals, whereas alkylresorcinols were observed in leaf, stem and pod pericarp. Organs exposed to air had higher coverage (>1.2 μg/cm2) than those on seed coat (<0.8 μg/cm2), and keel having the highest wax coverage. Meanwhile, the wax coverage on seed coat reduced during the seed development. The variations of wax coverages, compound class distributions and chain length profiles among organs suggested that wax depositions were associated with their ecophysiological functions, and the enzymes involved in wax biosynthesis also showed organ-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lei Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lin Kang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Luhua Yao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Dengke Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Qianlin Xiao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yu Ni
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marentes-Culma R, Orduz-Díaz LL, Coy-Barrera E. Targeted Metabolite Profiling-Based Identification of Antifungal 5- n-Alkylresorcinols Occurring in Different Cereals against Fusarium oxysporum. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040770. [PMID: 30795501 PMCID: PMC6412215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and convenient biochemometrics-based analysis of several cereal-derived extracts was used to identify n-alkyl(enyl)resorcinols (AR) as antifungals against Fusarium oxysporum. Total AR content and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based profiles were recorded for each extract, in addition to their antifungal activity, to help integrate these chemical and biological datasets by orthogonal partial least squares regression. In this study, we developed and used a micro-scale amended medium (MSAM) assay to evaluate the in vitro mycelial growth inhibition at low amounts of extracts. Triticale husk-derived extracts had the highest AR content (662.1 µg olivetol equivalent/g dry extract), exhibiting >79% inhibition at the highest doses (10.0–1.0 µg/µL). Correlation of the chemical and antifungal datasets using supervised metabolite profiling revealed that 5-n-nonadecanylresorcinol, 5-n-heneicosylresorcinol, and 5-n-tricosyl-resorcinol were the most active ARs occurring in cereal products from Colombia. Hence, we propose the biochemometrics-based approach as a useful tool for identifying AR-like antifungals against F. oxysporum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Marentes-Culma
- Laboratorio de Química Bioorgánica, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia.
| | - Luisa L Orduz-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Química Bioorgánica, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia.
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Química Bioorgánica, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Aslam M, Rabbi F, Vanderwel MC, Ashton NW, Suh DY. PpORS, an ancient type III polyketide synthase, is required for integrity of leaf cuticle and resistance to dehydration in the moss, Physcomitrella patens. PLANTA 2018; 247:527-541. [PMID: 29119267 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PpORS knockout mutants produced abnormal leaves with increased dye permeability and were more susceptible to dehydration, consistent with PpORS products being constituents of a cuticular structure in the moss. Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) have co-evolved with terrestrial plants such that each taxon can generate a characteristic collection of polyketides, fine-tuned to its needs. 2'-Oxoalkylresorcinol synthase from Physcomitrella patens (PpORS) is basal to all plant type III PKSs in phylogenetic trees and may closely resemble their most recent common ancestor. To gain insight into the roles that ancestral plant type III PKSs might have played during early land plant evolution, we constructed and phenotypically characterized targeted knockouts of PpORS. Ors gametophores, unless submerged in water while they were developing, displayed various leaf malformations that included grossly misshapen leaves, missing or abnormal midribs, multicellular protuberances and localized necrosis. Ors leaves, particularly abnormal ones, showed increased permeability to the hydrophilic dye, toluidine blue. Ors gametophores lost water faster and were more susceptible to dehydration than those of the control strain. Our findings are consistent with ors leaves possessing a partially defective cuticle and implicate PpORS in synthesis of the intact cuticle. PpORS orthologs are present in a few moss species but have not been found in other plants. However, conceivably an ancestral ORS in early land plants may have contributed to their protection from dehydration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Misbah Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Fazle Rabbi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Mark C Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Neil W Ashton
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Dae-Yeon Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Patzke H, Zimdars S, Schulze-Kaysers N, Schieber A. Growth suppression of Fusarium culmorum , Fusarium poae and Fusarium graminearum by 5- n -alk(en)ylresorcinols from wheat and rye bran. Food Res Int 2017; 99:821-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
10
|
Vichi S, Cortés-Francisco N, Caixach J, Barrios G, Mateu J, Ninot A, Romero A. Epicuticular Wax in Developing Olives (Olea europaea) Is Highly Dependent upon Cultivar and Fruit Ripeness. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5985-94. [PMID: 27403567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The epicuticular wax (EW) layer is located on the surface of most plant organs. It provides the cuticle with most of its properties and is the primary barrier against biotic and abiotic stress. Despite the importance of Olea europaea cultivation, few studies have characterized the EW covering leaves and olives, which could be involved in resistance to both infection and environmental conditions. In the present study, wide-ranging screening was carried out using direct-injection electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry to analyze EW in developing olives of nine varieties. The proportions of EW fractions [wax esters (WEs), diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols (TAGs), triterpenic acids, and aldehydes] strongly depended upon the olive cultivar and, in only a few cases, were influenced by the sampling date. The specific compositions of the major fractions, WEs and TAGs, were strictly related to the cultivar, while the degree of unsaturation and chain length of the WEs evolved throughout the 4 weeks prior to the olive turning color.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Vichi
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, Catalonian Reference Network on Food Technology (XaRTA), Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), University of Barcelona , Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Avenida Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Nuria Cortés-Francisco
- Laboratory of the Public Health Agency of Barcelona , Avenida de les Drassanes 13, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Caixach
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory/Organic Pollutants, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonçal Barrios
- Section of Agriculture and Plant Health, Territorial Service of Tarragona, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food, Catalonian Government , Avenida Catalunya 50, 3a, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mateu
- Section of Agriculture and Plant Health, Territorial Service of Tarragona, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food, Catalonian Government , Avenida Catalunya 50, 3a, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ninot
- Olive Production, Oil Processing and Nut Trees, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA) , Mas de Bover, Carretera de Reus El Morell, 43120 Constantí, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Agustí Romero
- Olive Production, Oil Processing and Nut Trees, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA) , Mas de Bover, Carretera de Reus El Morell, 43120 Constantí, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Plant defence mechanisms and enzymatic transformation products and their potential applications in food preservation: Advantages and limitations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
12
|
Ziegler JU, Steingass CB, Longin CFH, Würschum T, Carle R, Schweiggert RM. Alkylresorcinol composition allows the differentiation of Triticum spp. having different degrees of ploidy. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
13
|
Ciccoritti R, Pasquini M, Sgrulletta D, Nocente F. Effect of 5-n-alkylresorcinol extracts from durum wheat whole grain on the growth of fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:43-50. [PMID: 25496267 DOI: 10.1021/jf5054518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In an approach toward the identification of ecofriendly compounds for fusarium head blight biocontrol, the in vitro antifungal activity of 5-n-alkylresorcinol (AR) extracts, obtained from durum wheat intact kernels, was tested. In comparison with ethyl acetate and acetone extracts containing AR, total inhibition of Fusarium graminearum spore germination was observed with cyclohexane extract, which also exhibited a significant fungistatic activity against F. graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, and Fusarium poae. Additionally, the study of the influence of such variables as predrying of seeds and durum wheat genotype on AR cyclohexane extract properties allowed the association of its highest antifungal activity with the AR homologue composition and, in particular, with the presence of a higher C21:0/C23:0 ratio. The interesting finding of this study suggests a potential application of the AR homologues in crop protection systems and could be an important step toward the development of commercial formulations suitable to the prevention of fungal diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bartłomiej S, Justyna RK, Ewa N. Bioactive compounds in cereal grains – occurrence, structure, technological significance and nutritional benefits – a review. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2012; 18:559-68. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013211433079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review presents current information about principal, biologically active compounds contained in grains of cereals that are most popular in Europe (wheat, rye, barley and oat). The tendency to provide consumers with safe foods, which promote their health and are based on cereal grains and/or their components with the high nutritive value, has been recently observed. The intake of protective substances contained in whole grains and their fractions contributes to a decreased risk of food-dependent diseases like the coronary heart disease and insulin-dependent diabetes. This study describes the structure, occurrence in cereal grains, technological importance and beneficial influence on human health of bioactive substances such as arabinoxylans, β-glucans, alkylresorcinols, tocols and phytosterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siurek Bartłomiej
- Department of Starch and Confectionary, Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rosicka-Kaczmarek Justyna
- Department of Starch and Confectionary, Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Nebesny Ewa
- Department of Starch and Confectionary, Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sánchez LA, Olmedo D, López-Pérez JL, Williams TD, Gupta MP. Two New Alkylresorcinols from Homalomena wendlandii and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of our search for antineoplasic agents from Panamanian Flora, two new alkylresorcinols: 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)octan-1-one (1) and (+)-1-(3-(1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)butyl)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)octan-1-one (2), together with three known compounds, (1 R, 2 R)-1-(benzo[ d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)propane-1,2,3-triol (3), (+)-aptosimon (4) and (-)-sesamin (5), were identified from the leaves of Homalomena wendlandii Schott (Araceae). Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR and IR spectroscopic, and MS methods. Compound 2 exhibited IC50 values of 3.3, 5.8 and 4.0 μg/mL against MCF-7, SF-268 and H-460 cancer human cell lines, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Sánchez
- Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Calle Manuel Espinosa Batista, 0824-00172, Estafeta Universitaria, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Dionisio Olmedo
- Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Calle Manuel Espinosa Batista, 0824-00172, Estafeta Universitaria, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - José Luis López-Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Avenida Campo Charro s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Todd D. Williams
- Analytical Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence 66045–7582, Kansas, USA
| | - Mahabir P. Gupta
- Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), College of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Calle Manuel Espinosa Batista, 0824-00172, Estafeta Universitaria, Panamá, República de Panamá
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Holt MD, Moreau RA, DerMarderosian A, McKeown N, Jacques PF. Accelerated solvent extraction of alkylresorcinols in food products containing uncooked and cooked wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4799-4802. [PMID: 22530555 DOI: 10.1021/jf3001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on the overall extraction process of alkylresorcinols (ARs) from uncooked grains and baked products that have been processed with wheat, corn, rice, and white flour. Previously established extraction methods developed by Ross and colleagues, as well as a semiautomated method involving accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), were applied to extract ARs within freshly ground samples. For extraction of alkylresorcinols, nonpolar solvents such as ethyl acetate have been recommended for the extraction of uncooked foods, and polar solvents such as 1-propanol:water (3:1 v/v) have been recommended for the extraction of baked foods that contain rye, wheat, or other starch-rich grains. A comparison of AR extraction methods has been investigated with the application of gas chromatography and a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to quantify the AR content. The goal of this research was to compare the rapid accelerated solvent extraction of the alkylresorcinols (ASE-AR) method to the previous manual AR extraction methods. Results for this study as well as the investigation of the overall efficiency of ASE-AR extraction with the use of a spiking study indicated that it can be comparable to current extraction methods but with less time required. Furthermore, the extraction time for ASE (approximately 40 min) is much more convenient and less tedious and time-consuming than previously established methods, which range from 5 h for processed foods to 24 h for raw grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monte D Holt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Pharmacognosy Program, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matsuzawa M, Katsuyama Y, Funa N, Horinouchi S. Alkylresorcylic acid synthesis by type III polyketide synthases from rice Oryza sativa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1059-67. [PMID: 20451227 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols, produced by various plants, bacteria, and fungi, are bioactive compounds possessing beneficial activities for human health, such as anti-cancer activity. In rice, they accumulate in seedlings, contributing to protection against fungi. Alkylresorcylic acids, which are carboxylated forms of alkylresorcinols, are unstable compounds and decarboxylate readily to yield alkylresorcinols. Genome mining of the rice Oryza sativa identified two type III polyketide synthases, named ARAS1 (alkylresorcylic acid synthase) and ARAS2, that catalyze the formation of alkylresorcylic acids. Both enzymes condensed fatty acyl-CoAs with three C(2) units from malonyl-CoA and cyclized the resulting tetraketide intermediates via intramolecular C-2 to C-7 aldol condensation. The alkylresorcylic acids thus produced were released from the enzyme and decarboxylated non-enzymatically to yield alkylresorcinols. This is the first report on a plant type III polyketide synthase that produces tetraketide alkylresorcylic acids as major products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miku Matsuzawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stasiuk M, Kozubek A. Biological activity of phenolic lipids. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:841-60. [PMID: 20213924 PMCID: PMC11115636 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic lipids are a very diversified group of compounds derived from mono and dihydroxyphenols, i.e., phenol, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone. Due to their strong amphiphilic character, these compounds can incorporate into erythrocytes and liposomal membranes. In this review, the antioxidant, antigenotoxic, and cytostatic activities of resorcinolic and other phenolic lipids are described. The ability of these compounds to inhibit bacterial, fungal, protozoan and parasite growth seems to depend on their interaction with proteins and/or on their membrane-disturbing properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stasiuk
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Magnucka EG, Suzuki Y, Pietr SJ, Kozubek A, Zarnowski R. Cycloate, an inhibitor of fatty acid elongase, modulates the metabolism of very-long-side-chain alkylresorcinols in rye seedlings. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2009; 65:1065-1070. [PMID: 19479950 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cycloate inhibits the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids, the essential constituents of plant waxes and suberin. Fatty acids also serve as precursors of aliphatic carbon chains in resorcinolic lipids, which play a fundamental role in the plant defence system against fungal pathogens. In this study, the effect of cycloate on the biosynthesis of 5-n-alkylresorcinols in rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) grown under various light and thermal conditions was examined. RESULTS The content of alkylresorcinols biosynthesised in rye was generally increased by the herbicide in both green and etiolated plants. The presence of cycloate also affected patterns of alkylresorcinol homologues in plants grown at 15 and 22 degrees C; very-long-side-chain compounds were less abundant, whereas both short-chain saturated and unsaturated homologues were generally accumulated. No cycloate-related effects caused by homologue pattern modifications were observed at elevated temperature. CONCLUSION This study extends present understanding of the mode of action of thiocarbamate herbicides. Cycloate markedly affected the biosynthesis of very-long-side-chain resorcinolic lipids in rye seedlings, confirming the existence of parallels in both fatty acid and alkylresorcinol biosynthetic pathways. The observed cycloate-driven accumulation of 5-n-alkylresorcinols may improve the resistance of cereals to infections caused by microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta G Magnucka
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Landberg R, Kamal-Eldin A, Salmenkallio-Marttila M, Rouau X, Åman P. Localization of alkylresorcinols in wheat, rye and barley kernels. J Cereal Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Dutra C, Cesio MV, Moyna P, Heinzen H. Acyl Sucroses from Salpichroa Origanifolia. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exudate of Salpichroa origanifolia (Solanaceae) foliar glandular trichomes has been characterized chemically. It was demonstrated to be a complex mixture of hexaesters of short chain fatty acids and sucrose. Of the total exudates, 80% was 1′,6′-diacetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra(3-methyl valerianyl)-sucrose, a new natural product, which showed antifungal properties against Aspergillus niger. It is the first report of sugar esters in the genus Salpichroa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Dutra
- Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic, Gral. Flores 2124, POB1157, Montevideo, Uruguay, 11800
| | - María Verónica Cesio
- Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic, Gral. Flores 2124, POB1157, Montevideo, Uruguay, 11800
| | - Patrick Moyna
- Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic, Gral. Flores 2124, POB1157, Montevideo, Uruguay, 11800
| | - Horacio Heinzen
- Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic, Gral. Flores 2124, POB1157, Montevideo, Uruguay, 11800
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ji X, Jetter R. Very long chain alkylresorcinols accumulate in the intracuticular wax of rye (Secale cereale L.) leaves near the tissue surface. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1197-1207. [PMID: 18234249 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are bioactive compounds occurring in many members of the Poaceae, likely at or near the surface of various organs. Here, we investigated AR localization within the cuticular wax layers of rye (Secale cereale) leaves. The total wax mixture from both sides of the leaves was found to contain primary alcohols (71%), alkyl esters (11%), aldehydes (5%), and small amounts (<3%) of alkanes, steroids, secondary alcohols, fatty acids and unknowns. A homologous series of ARs (3%) was identified by GC-MS and comparison with a synthetic standard of nonadecylresorcinol. The alkyl side chains of the wax ARs contained odd numbers of carbons ranging from C19 to C27, with a prevalence of C21, C23 and C25. Waxes from both sides of the leaf, analyzed separately in a second experiment, comprised the same compound classes in similar relative amounts and with similar homolog patterns. Finally, the epicuticular and intracuticular wax layers were sampled separately from the abaxial side of the leaf. While ARs accounted for 2% of the intracuticular wax, they were not detectable in the epicuticular wax. The intracuticular wax was also slightly enriched in steroids, whereas the epicuticular layer contained more primary alcohols. All other wax constituents were distributed evenly between both wax layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Ji
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, Canada V6T, 1Z4
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Raviv M, Antignus Y. UV radiation effects on pathogens and insect pests of greenhouse-grown crops. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Yang SW, Chan TM, Terracciano J, Loebenberg D, Patel M, Gullo V, Chu M. A New 5-Alkenylresorcinol Sch 725681 from Aspergillus sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2006; 59:190-2. [PMID: 16724460 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2006.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new 5-alkenylresorcinol Sch725681 (1) was isolated and identified from the culture of an Aspergillus sp. The structure elucidation of 1 was accomplished based on extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 showed inhibitory activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PM503) and Candida albicans (C43) with MICs of 16 and 64 microg/ml, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Yang
- Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bioactive Phenolic Lipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
26
|
Zarnowski R, Suzuki Y. Expedient Soxhlet extraction of resorcinolic lipids from wheat grains. J Food Compost Anal 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2003.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Raviv M, Antignus Y. UV radiation effects on pathogens and insect pests of greenhouse-grown crops. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 79:219-26. [PMID: 15115293 DOI: 10.1562/si-03-14.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Production of high-value crops is often performed under protected cultivation. In recent years various spectral modifications have been made in greenhouse covers. Two of the main reasons to modify the spectral characteristics of greenhouse covers have been to suppress the proliferation of several foliar diseases and to protect crops from insects and insect-borne virus diseases of greenhouse-grown crops. These goals were achieved by complete or partial absorption of solar UV radiation, which interrupts the life cycle of several fungal pathogens and alters the visual behavior of many insects. Examples of these management strategies are described in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Raviv
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ross AB, Shepherd MJ, Schüpphaus M, Sinclair V, Alfaro B, Kamal-Eldin A, Aman P. Alkylresorcinols in cereals and cereal products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:4111-4118. [PMID: 12822955 DOI: 10.1021/jf0340456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The alkylresorcinol (AR) content of 8 commonly consumed cereals, 125 Triticum cultivars, milling fractions of wheat and rye, bread, and other cereal products was analyzed. ARs were found in wheat (489-1429 microgram/g), rye (720-761 microgram/g), triticale (439-647 microgram/g), and barley (42-51 microgram/g), but not in rice, oats, maize, sorghum, or millet. One durum wheat variety was found to have an exceptionally low level of ARs (54 microgram/g) compared to other durum wheat varieties (589-751 microgram/g) and Triticumspecies analyzed. The AR content of milling fractions closely followed the ash content and could be used as a marker of the presence of bran in flour. Using hot 1-propanol extraction, all ARs could be extracted from bread, contrary to previous studies which suggested that ARs were destroyed during baking. Cereal products varied greatly in AR content, with those containing wheat bran or whole rye having the highest content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B Ross
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kozubek A, Tyman JHP. Resorcinolic Lipids, the Natural Non-isoprenoid Phenolic Amphiphiles and Their Biological Activity. Chem Rev 1999; 99:1-26. [PMID: 11848979 DOI: 10.1021/cr970464o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Kozubek
- Institute of Physics and Environmental Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB83PH, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Petersson S, Schnürer J. Pichia anomalaas a biocontrol agent ofPenicillium roquefortiin high-moisture wheat, rye, barley, and oats stored under airtight conditions. Can J Microbiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/w98-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pichia anomala inhibits growth of Penicillium roqueforti in high-moisture winter wheat, barley, and oats in cases where a malfunctioning airtight feed-storage system allows air to leak in. To imitate air leakage to such a storage system, grain was inoculated, packed in glass tubes with a restricted air supply, and incubated at 25°C. Yeast and mold colony-forming units (CFU) were counted on selective media after 14 days. Pichia anomala reached a density of about 5 x 107CFU/g on all tested cereals except in spring wheat (cv. Dragon), where a density of 109CFU/g was reached. In winter wheat (cv. Kosack), Penicillium roqueforti reached a density of 106CFU/g in grain that had not been inoculated with yeast and 105CFU/g in co-culture with 5 x 103CFU/g of Pichia anomala. At 5 x 104Pichia anomala, growth of Penicillum roqueforti was totally inhibited. Similar results were obtained with spring wheat (cv. Dragon), barley (cv. Golf), and oats (cv. Svea). However, spring wheat cv. Dragon was generally much less conducive to growth of Penicillium roqueforti. On rye (cv. Motto), Penicillium roqueforti did not grow in monoculture or when co-cultured with Pichia anomala. No differences in antagonistic activity of Pichia anomala or sensitivity of Penicillium roqueforti, respectively, were found between the three isolates tested of each species.Key words: biological control, postharvest, mold, cereal grain, storage.
Collapse
|