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Abstract
AbstractFor a long time, allenes—and cumulenic systems in general—played a relatively minor role in Diels–Alder cycloadditions. This situation has changed, since allenes are more readily available and as their unique stereochemical features in [4+2]cycloadditions are more widely recognized. This review presents a comprehensive overview of allenes in Diels–Alder processes using selected examples. Allenes in dienes, dienophiles and cycloadducts are covered, inter- and intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloadditions are discussed, and stereochemical features of the addition process are described. Areas of emerging importance are also covered, including allenic components in dehydro-Diels–Alder processes, and dendralenic allenes in Diels–Alder sequences for the rapid generation of target-relevant molecular complexity. Preparatively useful methods for allenic precursor synthesis are also discussed.1 Introduction2 Allenic Dienes2.1 Vinylallenes2.2 Bisallenes2.3 Cross-conjugated Allenes3 Allenic Dienophiles4 Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cycloadditions5 Allenic Cycloadducts6 Conclusions and Outlook
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hopf
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig
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2
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DFT investigation of solvent, substituent, and catalysis effects on the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. J Mol Model 2021; 27:125. [PMID: 33829417 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on a DFT investigation of two intramolecular Diels-Alder furan reactions. Optimizations of the studied structures, TS and IRC calculations, were carried out at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. We have studied the effect of substituent, solvent and Lewis acid catalyst on cyclization-retrocyclization equilibria, activation energies, and stability of the desired products. The analysis of orbital coefficients, IRC curves, and Wiberg indices have proved that both reactions are under orbital control. We have found that for the reaction I (2↔4 + 5), where R = H, the exo attack is favored by hydrogen bond interaction, while for R = t-Bu, the steric hindrance leads to the endo attack. For the reaction II (3 → 6 + 7), the t-Bu-substituted products are the most stable ones. At another level, we have found that it is recommended to use polar organic solvents as DMSO with Lewis acid catalyst BF3. The latest leads to accelerate the reaction II with stabilization of the desired products.
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3
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Wang Y, Metz P. Total Synthesis of the Neoclerodane Diterpene Salvinorin A via an Intramolecular Diels-Alder Strategy. Org Lett 2018; 20:3418-3421. [PMID: 29787286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A concise total synthesis of the neoclerodane diterpene salvinorin A from 3-furaldehyde is reported using two highly diastereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions (IMDA) as the key transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstrasse 66 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Peter Metz
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Organische Chemie I , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstrasse 66 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
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4
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Crystal structure of N-p-tolyl-5-iodo-4-methyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-5,7a-epoxyisoindoline, C16H18INO. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1997.212.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Kharitonov Y, Shults E, Shakirov M, Tolstikov G. Synthetic Transformations of Higher Terpenoids: X. Intramolecular Cyclization of N-Allyl- and N-Propargyl-16-dialkylammoniomethyl-12-furfuryl-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdanoid Bromides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11178-005-0307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Jung ME, Min SJ. Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reactions of Optically Active Allenic Ketones: Chirality Transfer in the Preparation of Substituted Oxa-Bridged Octalones. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10834-5. [PMID: 16076181 DOI: 10.1021/ja052771e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of allenic ketones containing a furyl unit (IMDAF) to generate oxatricyclic systems in good yields is described. The alkene dienophiles 1ab give poor yields of the cycloadducts 2ab, presumably due to the facile retro Diels-Alder reaction. However, the analogous allenic dienophile 7 afforded the desired cycloadduct 8 in 91% yield on treatment with dimethylaluminum chloride. When the allene bears an alkyl substituent on the terminal carbon, complete diastereoselectivity is seen in the IMDAF, e.g. cyclization of 14 gave only the cycloadduct 15 in 80% yield presumably due to greater steric hindrance in the transition state II as compared to that in I. Finally we report complete chirality transfer of the stereochemistry of an allene to the carbon framework of the oxatricyclic system. Thus, the optically active allenic ketone 20 afforded only the desired cycloadduct 21 with the correct absolute stereochemistry needed for the synthesis of the arisugacin class of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA.
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7
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Christoffers J, Scharl H, Frey W, Baro A. Transformation of an optically active decahydro-6-isoquinolone scaffold: perfect Felkin-Anh diastereoselectivity. Org Lett 2004; 6:1171-3. [PMID: 15040750 DOI: 10.1021/ol049831q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure decahydro-6-isoquinolone derivative 7 (>99% de, 97% ee) was obtained from the Michael addition product 3. Interestingly, aldehyde 7 reacted with a number of different Grignard reagents to give the secondary alcohols 9 in good yields as single diastereomers. This result can be explained by taking the Felkin-Anh model into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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8
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Claeys S, Van Haver D, De Clercq P, Milanesio M, Viterbo D. An Intramolecular Furan−Diene Diels−Alder Approach to 11‐Oxo 10α‐Steroids. European J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200203)2002:6<1051::aid-ejoc1051>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Claeys
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Fax: (internat.) + 32‐9/264‐4998
| | - Dirk Van Haver
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Fax: (internat.) + 32‐9/264‐4998
| | - Pierre J. De Clercq
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium, Fax: (internat.) + 32‐9/264‐4998
| | - Marco Milanesio
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM, Università, Via P. Guira 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Viterbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, Corso T. Borsalino 54, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
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9
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Andrés C, García-Valverde M, Nieto J, Pedrosa R. Thermal and Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diastereoselective Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reaction on α,β-Unsaturated Amides Derived from (−)-8-Aminomenthol. J Org Chem 1999; 64:5230-5236. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9904462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Andrés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Nieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rafael Pedrosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Mcnelis BJ, Starr JT, Dang H. Steric promotion of cyclization reactions: Substituent effect studies in the furan intramolecular diels-alder reaction. J Heterocycl Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570350649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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12
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Hudlicky T, Butora G, Fearnley SP, Gum AG, Persichini PJ, Stabile MR, Merola JS. Intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions of the furan diene (IMDAF); rapid construction of highly functionalised isoquinoline skeletons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Synthetic and kinetic studies of substituent effects in the furan intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. Tetrahedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Hunt I, Johnson CD. Diels–Alder reaction of fumaronitrile and cyclopentadiene in water: the influence of cosolutes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/p29910001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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The effect of side chain substituents on the intramolecular diels-alder reaction of the furan diene: the synthesis of (±)-1,4-epoxycadinane. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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17
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Cauwberghs SG, De Clercq PJ. A novel approach to periplanone-b involving an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction with furan-diene and allene-dienophile. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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