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Yasui S, Banjo S, Nagashima Y, Okada Y, Yoshikawa K, Nakata K, Chida N, Okamura T, Sato T. Total Synthesis of Lobatamides A and C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402335. [PMID: 38454885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The total synthesis of lobatamides A (1 a) and C (1 c) via a common bislactone intermediate is reported. The allylic aryl moiety including a trisubstituted Z-olefin was constructed by hydroboration of a 1,1-disubstituted allene and subsequent Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling. Although the seco acid proved to be highly unstable even in the presence of weak bases, Zhao macrolactonization under acidic conditions via the α-acyloxyenamide successfully provided the common bislactone intermediate. Hydrozirconation-iodination of the terminal alkyne and subsequent copper-mediated coupling with primary amides proceeded successfully in the presence of the sensitive bislactone framework. The developed synthetic route enables the late-stage installation of enamide side chains, which are crucial structures for V-ATPase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shona Banjo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuto Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kao Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noritaka Chida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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Gjessing G, Johnsen LIG, Antonsen SG, Nolsøe JMJ, Stenstrøm Y, Hansen TV. The Synthesis of 3-(R)- and 3-(S)-Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acid. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072295. [PMID: 35408694 PMCID: PMC9000449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monohydroxylated polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the oxylipin class of natural products are present in marine and terrestrial sources as well as in the human body. Due to their biological activities and role in diverse biosynthetic pathways, oxylipins biosynthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid have attracted great interest from the scientific community. One example is 3-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid where the absolute configuration at C-3 has only been tentatively assigned. In this paper, studies on acetate type aldol reactions that enabled the preparation of 3-(R)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (3R-HETE, 2) and its enantiomer are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gard Gjessing
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway; (G.G.); (S.G.A.); (J.M.J.N.)
| | - Lars-Inge Gammelsæter Johnsen
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Simen Gjelseth Antonsen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway; (G.G.); (S.G.A.); (J.M.J.N.)
- Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, OsloMet, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs Plass, NO-0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens M. J. Nolsøe
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway; (G.G.); (S.G.A.); (J.M.J.N.)
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway; (G.G.); (S.G.A.); (J.M.J.N.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (T.V.H.)
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433 Ås, Norway; (G.G.); (S.G.A.); (J.M.J.N.)
- Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (T.V.H.)
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Filippovich SY, Gessler NN, Bachurina GP, Kharchenko EA, Ivanov IV, Sirotenko TI, Golovanov AB, Belozerskaya TA, Groza NV. Effect of 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic and Arachidonic Acids on Differentiation of Neurospora crassa. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Filippovich SY, Bachurina GP, Gessler NN, Golovanov AB, Makarova AM, Groza NV, Belozerskaya TA. Influence of oxygenated derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids on the formation of conidia and protoperithecia in wild-type and photoreceptor complex mutants of Neurospora crassa. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oger C, Balas L, Durand T, Galano JM. Are alkyne reductions chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective enough to provide pure (Z)-olefins in polyfunctionalized bioactive molecules? Chem Rev 2012. [PMID: 23194255 DOI: 10.1021/cr3001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR CNRS 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 av. Charles Flahault, Bât. D, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Strauss C, van Wyk P, Lodolo E, Botes P, Pohl C, Nigam S, Kock J. Oxylipin Associated Co-Flocculation in Yeasts. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2006.tb00709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gessler NN, Filippovich SY, Bachurina GP, Groza NV, Dorodnikova EA, Belozerskaya TA. Effect of oxylipins on Neurospora crassa growth and differentiation. Microbiology (Reading) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261712050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Strauss C, Wyk P, Lodolo E, Botes P, Pohl C, Nigam S, Kock J. Mitochondrial Associated Yeast Flocculation -The Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2007.tb00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sebolai OM, Pohl CH, Kock LJF, Chaturvedi V, del Poeta M. The presence of 3-hydroxy oxylipins in pathogenic microbes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 97:17-21. [PMID: 22108026 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a sufficient body of work documenting the distribution of 3-hydroxy oxylipins in microbes. However, there is limited information on the role of these compounds in microbial pathogenesis. When derived from mammalian cells, these compounds regulate patho-biological processes, thus an understanding of 3-hydroxy oxylipin function and metabolism could prove important in shedding light on how these compounds mediate cellular pathology and physiology. This could present 3-hydroxy oxylipin biosynthetic pathways as targets for drug development. In this minireview, we interrogate the relevant yeast and bacterial 3-hydroxy oxylipin literature in order to appreciate how these compounds may influence the inflammatory response leading to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olihile M Sebolai
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa.
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Kock JLF, Swart CW, Pohl CH. The anti-mitochondrial antifungal assay for the discovery and development of new drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:671-81. [PMID: 22646155 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.575358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New targets and drugs are constantly searched for to effectively combat fungal infections and diseases such as cancer. Mitochondria, as the main powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, must be regarded as important targets for the development of new therapies. This has lead to the development of a fungal assay that shows potential in the selection of new antifungal and anticancer drugs as well as the identification of compounds that are toxic to human mitochondria. AREAS COVERED In this review the authors discuss the development of a potential method of drug discovery that targets mitochondrial function. The authors cover the application of new nanotechnology as well as fungal systematic research where the link between fungal fruiting structures, cell growth, increased mitochondrial activity and susceptibility to a variety of anti-mitochondrial drugs is assessed. EXPERT OPINION This assay shows potential to select anti-mitochondrial drugs as a first screen. This should be followed up by more specific in vitro and in vivo tests to pinpoint the type of anti-mitochondrial activity exerted by these drugs, if any. This is because the possibility exists that compounds regarded as anti-mitochondrial may not inhibit mitochondrial function but other fruiting structure developmental stages and therefore yield false positives. To enhance our knowledge on how these drugs act at the structural level, the authors recommend Nano Scanning Auger Microscopy as the tool of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lodewyk F Kock
- University of the Free State, Department of Microbial , Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Bloemfontein , South Africa +27514012249 ; +27514019376 ;
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Burghart-Stoll H, Kapferer T, Brückner R. Asymmetric Dihydroxylations of Enynes with a Trisubstituted C═C Bond. An Unprecedented Route to γ-Lactone Building Blocks with a Quaternary Stereocenter. Org Lett 2011; 13:1016-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol103061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Burghart-Stoll
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, and Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Kapferer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, and Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Reinhard Brückner
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, and Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
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On mechanism of quorum sensing in Candida albicans by 3(R)-hydroxy-tetradecaenoic acid. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:55-63. [PMID: 20509029 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) enables microorganisms to monitor their own density of population, and also their pathogenicity by intracellular signals, and synchronizing their specialized gene system in a particular cell density. QS system has been shown in Candida sp. as switching mechanism between successive phases in Candida cell morphology. The lag phase that occurs due to QS is commonly attributed to auto-stimulatory compounds, such as farnesol and farnesoic acid, which are released in the medium. The aim of this manuscript is to demonstrate the involvement of 3(R)-HTDE, a metabolite of linoleic acid, in the QS mechanism of Candida albicans. We show that 3(R)-HTDE, a β-oxidation metabolite of endogenously present linoleic acid, accelerates cell morphogenesis in C. albicans, with alteration of gene expressions necessary for hyphal formation at right density of population utilizing aerobic pathway of endogenous lipid metabolism. We also explore the mechanistic underpinnings of the process where we are able to show that alteration of gene expressions are necessary for hyphal formation at the right population density which is achieved by the proper utilization of an aerobic pathway of endogenous lipid metabolism. In addition, we showed how this mediates biofilm formation itself, and the understanding of these mechanisms can be crucial in designing successful interventional strategies to combat Candida related infections.
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De Petrocellis L, Deva R, Mainieri F, Schaefer M, Bisogno T, Ciccoli R, Ligresti A, Hill K, Nigam S, Appendino G, Di Marzo V. Chemical synthesis, pharmacological characterization, and possible formation in unicellular fungi of 3-hydroxy-anandamide. J Lipid Res 2008; 50:658-66. [PMID: 19017617 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800337-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Candida albicans transforms arachidonic acid (AA) into 3-hydroxyarachidonic acid [3R-HETE], and we investigated if its nonpathogenic and 3R-HETE-producing close relative, Dipodascopsis uninucleata, could similarly transform the endocannabinoid/endovanilloid anandamide into 3-hydroxyanandamide (3-HAEA). We found that D. uninucleata converts anandamide into 3-HAEA, and we therefore developed an enantiodivergent synthesis for this compound to study its pharmacological activity. Both enantiomers of 3-HAEA were as active as anandamide at elevating intracellular Ca2+ via TRPV1 receptors overexpressed in HEK-293 cells, while a approximately 70-90-fold and approximately 45-60-fold lower affinity at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors was instead observed. Patch clamp recordings showed that 3R-HAEA activates a TRPV1-like current in TRPV1-expressing HEK-293 cells. Thus, 3R-HETE-producing yeasts might convert anandamide released by host cells at the site of infection into 3R-HAEA, and this event might contribute to the inflammatory and algogenous responses associated to fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institutes of Cybernetics Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
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Miranda P, Ramírez M, Martín V, Padrón J. Factors Controlling the Alkyne Prins Cyclization: The Stability of Dihydropyranyl Cations. Chemistry 2008; 14:6260-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sebolai OM, Pohl CH, Botes PJ, van Wyk PW, Mzizi R, Swart CW, Kock JL. Distribution of 3-hydroxy oxylipins and acetylsalicylic acid sensitivity in Cryptococcus species. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:111-8. [DOI: 10.1139/w07-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a well tested antibody specific for 3-hydroxy oxylipins, we mapped the presence of these oxylipins in selected Cryptococcus ( Filobasidiella ) species. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies revealed that these compounds are deposited on cell wall surfaces, appendages, and collarettes. In vitro studies revealed that growth of Cryptococcus species was inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid (which is known to inhibit mitochondrial function, including the production of 3-hydroxy oxylipins) at concentrations as low as 1 mmol/L. The results suggest that acetylsalicylic acid is effective in controlling the growth of tested pathogens, probably by targeting their mitochondria. This study further expands the known function of this anti-inflammatory drug as anti-fungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olihile M. Sebolai
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Carolina H. Pohl
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Piet J. Botes
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Pieter W.J. van Wyk
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Refilwe Mzizi
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Chantel W. Swart
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
| | - Johan L.F. Kock
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
- Centre for Confocal and Electron Microscopy, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, Free State 9301, South Africa
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Sebolai OM, Pohl CH, Botes PJ, Strauss CJ, van Wyk PWJ, Botha A, Kock JLF. 3-hydroxy fatty acids found in capsules of Cryptococcus neoformans. Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:809-12. [PMID: 17668042 DOI: 10.1139/w07-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunogold transmission electron microscopy and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry, we demonstrated the presence of 3-hydroxy fatty acids in Cryptococcus neoformans. Our results suggest that these oxylipins accumulate in capsules where they are released as hydrophobic droplets through tubular protuberances into the surrounding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olihile M Sebolai
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Kock JLF, Sebolai OM, Pohl CH, van Wyk PWJ, Lodolo EJ. Oxylipin studies expose aspirin as antifungal. FEMS Yeast Res 2007; 7:1207-17. [PMID: 17623031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of aspirin-sensitive 3-hydroxy fatty acids (i.e. 3-OH oxylipins) in yeasts was first reported in the early 1990s. Since then, these oxidized fatty acids have been found to be widely distributed in yeasts. 3-OH oxylipins may: (1) have potent biological activity in mammalian cells; (2) act as antifungals; and (3) assist during forced spore release from enclosed sexual cells (asci). A link between 3-OH oxylipin production, mitochondria and aspirin sensitivity exists. Research suggests that: (1) 3-OH oxylipins in some yeasts are probably also produced by mitochondria through incomplete beta-oxidation; (2) aspirin inhibits mitochondrial beta-oxidation and 3-OH oxylipin production; (3) yeast sexual stages, which are probably more dependent on mitochondrial activity, are also characterized by higher 3-OH oxylipin levels as compared to asexual stages; (4) yeast sexual developmental stages as well as cell adherence/flocculation are more sensitive to aspirin than corresponding asexual growth stages; and (5) mitochondrion-dependent asexual yeast cells with a strict aerobic metabolism are more sensitive to aspirin than those that can also produce energy through an alternative anaerobic glycolytic fermentative pathway in which mitochondria are not involved. This review interprets a wide network of studies that reveal aspirin to be a novel antifungal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan L F Kock
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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van Heerden A, van Wyk PWJ, Botes PJ, Pohl CH, Strauss CJ, Nigam S, Kock JLF. The release of elongated, sheathed ascospores from bottle-shaped asci inDipodascus geniculatus. FEMS Yeast Res 2007; 7:173-9. [PMID: 17266729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts use different mechanisms to release ascospores of different lengths from bottle-shaped asci. Round to oval-shaped ascospores are enveloped in oxylipin-coated compressible sheaths, enabling ascospores to slide past each other when they reach the narrowing ascus neck. However, more elongated ascospores do not contain sheaths, but are linked by means of oxylipin-coated interlocked hooked ridges on the surfaces of neighboring ascospores, thereby keeping them aligned while they are pushed towards the ascus tip by turgor pressure. In this study, we found elongated, oxylipin-coated sheathed ascospores in Dipodascus geniculatus that are released effectively from bottle-shaped asci without alignment. This is possible because the ascus neck and opening have a diameter that is the same as the length of the ascospore, thus allowing the ascospores to turn sideways without blocking the ascus when they are released. We found that increased concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid inhibit both ascospore release and 3-hydroxy oxylipin production in this yeast, thereby implicating this oxylipin in sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ané van Heerden
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, UNESCO-MIRCEN, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Leeuw NJ, Swart CW, Ncango DM, Pohl CH, Sebolai OM, Strauss CJ, Botes PJ, van Wyk PWJ, Nigam S, Kock JLF. Acetylsalicylic acid as antifungal in Eremothecium and other yeasts. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 91:393-405. [PMID: 17094014 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interesting distribution patterns of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) sensitive 3-hydroxy (OH) oxylipins were previously reported in some representatives of the yeast genus Eremothecium--an important group of plant pathogens. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and 3-OH oxylipin specific antibodies in this study, we were able to map the presence of these compounds also in other Eremothecium species. In Eremothecium cymbalariae, these oxylipins were found to cover mostly the spiky tips of narrowly triangular ascospores while in Eremothecium gossypii, oxylipins covered the whole spindle-shaped ascospore with terminal appendages. The presence of these oxylipins was confirmed by chemical analysis. When ASA, a 3-OH oxylipin inhibitor, was added to these yeasts in increasing concentrations, the sexual stage was found to be the most sensitive. Our results suggest that 3-OH oxylipins, produced by mitochondria through incomplete beta-oxidation, are associated with the development of the sexual stages in both yeasts. Strikingly, preliminary studies on yeast growth suggest that yeasts, characterized by mainly an aerobic respiration rather than a fermentative pathway, are more sensitive to ASA than yeasts characterized by both pathways. These data further support the role of mitochondria in sexual as well as asexual reproduction of yeasts and its role to serve as a target for ASA antifungal action.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Leeuw
- Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, UNESCO MIRCEN, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Ncango DM, Pohl CH, Sebolai OM, Botes PJ, Strauss CJ, Joseph M, Van Wyk PWJ, Nigam S, Kock JLF. Oxylipin-coated hat-shaped ascospores of Ascoidea corymbosa. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:1046-50. [PMID: 17215895 DOI: 10.1139/w06-069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously implicated 3-hydroxy oxylipins and ascospore structure in ascospore release from enclosed asci. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy on cells stained with fluorescein-coupled, 3-hydroxy oxylipin-specific antibodies, we found that oxylipins are specifically associated with ascospores and not the vegetative cells or ascus wall of Ascoidea corymbosa. Using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry the oxylipin 3-hydroxy 17:0 could be identified. Here, we visualize for the first time the forced release of oxylipin-coated, hat-shaped ascospores from terminally torn asci, probably through turgor pressure. We suggest that oxylipin-coated, razor-sharp, hat-shaped ascospore brims may play a role in rupturing the ascus to affect release.Key words: Ascoidea corymbosa, ascospore release, confocal laser scanning microscopy, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, hat-shaped ascospores, 3-hydroxy oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond M Ncango
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotchnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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22
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Ciccoli R, Sahi S, Singh S, Prakash H, Zafiriou MP, Ishdorj G, Kock J, Nigam S. Oxygenation by COX-2 (cyclo-oxygenase-2) of 3-HETE (3-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid), a fungal mimetic of arachidonic acid, produces a cascade of novel bioactive 3-hydroxyeicosanoids. Biochem J 2006; 390:737-47. [PMID: 15869467 PMCID: PMC1326017 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-oxygenases-1/2 (COX-1/2) catalyse the oxygenation of AA (arachidonic acid) and related polyunsaturated fatty acids to endoperoxide precursors of prostanoids. COX-1 is referred to as a constitutive enzyme involved in haemostasis, whereas COX-2 is an inducible enzyme expressed in inflammatory diseases and cancer. The fungus Dipodascopsis uninucleata has been shown by us to convert exogenous AA into 3(R)-HETE [3(R)-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid]. 3R-HETE is stereochemically identical with AA, except that a hydroxy group is attached at its C-3 position. Molecular modelling studies with 3-HETE and COX-1/2 revealed a similar enzyme-substrate structure as reported for AA and COX-1/2. Here, we report that 3-HETE is an appropriate substrate for COX-1 and -2, albeit with a lower activity of oxygenation than AA. Oxygenation of 3-HETE by COX-2 produced a novel cascade of 3-hydroxyeicosanoids, as identified with EI (electron impact)-GC-MS, LC-MS-ES (electrospray) and LC-MS-API (atmospheric pressure ionization) methods. Evidence for in vitro production of 3-hydroxy-PGE2 (3-hydroxy-prostaglandin E2) was obtained upon infection of HeLa cells with Candida albicans at an MOI (multiplicity of infection) of 100. Analogous to interaction of AA and aspirin-treated COX-2, 3-HETE was transformed by acetylated COX-2 to 3,15-di-HETE (3,15-dihydroxy-HETE), whereby C-15 showed the (R)-stereochemistry. 3-Hydroxy-PGs are potent biologically active compounds. Thus 3-hydroxy-PGE2 induced interleukin-6 gene expression via the EP3 receptor (PGE2 receptor 3) in A549 cells, and raised cAMP levels via the EP4 receptor in Jurkat cells. Moreover, 3R,15S-di-HETE triggered the opening of the K+ channel in HTM (human trabecular meshwork) cells, as measured by the patch-clamp technique. Since many fatty acid disorders are associated with an 'escape' of 3-hydroxy fatty acids from the b-oxidation cycle, the production of 3-hydroxyeicosanoids may be critical in modulation of effects of endogenously produced eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciccoli
- *Eicosanoid Research Division, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shakti Sahi
- †Institute for Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Singh
- *Eicosanoid Research Division, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- *Eicosanoid Research Division, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria-Patapia Zafiriou
- *Eicosanoid Research Division, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ganchimeg Ishdorj
- *Eicosanoid Research Division, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan L. F. Kock
- ‡Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Technology, University of Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Santosh Nigam
- *Eicosanoid Research Division, Department of Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Leeuw NJ, Kock JLF, Pohl CH, Bareetseng AS, Sebolai OM, Joseph M, Strauss CJ, Botes PJ, van Wyk PWJ, Nigam S. Oxylipin covered ascospores of Eremothecium coryli. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2005; 89:91-7. [PMID: 16328860 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-005-9012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eremothecium coryli is known to produce intriguing spindle-shaped ascospores with long and thin whip-like appendages. Here, ultra structural studies using scanning electron microscopy, indicate that these appendages serve to coil around themselves and around ascospores causing spore aggregation. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy it was found that hydrophobic 3-hydroxy oxylipins cover the surfaces of these ascospores. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, only the oxylipin 3-hydroxy 9:1 (a monounsaturated fatty acid containing a hydroxyl group on carbon 3) could be identified. Sequential digital imaging suggests that oxylipin-coated spindle-shaped ascospores are released from enclosed asci probably by protruding through an already disintegrating ascus wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Leeuw
- UNESCO MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, 339 Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Ivanov IV, Romanov SG, Shevchenko VP, Rozhkova EA, Maslov MA, Groza NV, Myasoedov NF, Kuhn H, Myagkova GI. A convergent synthesis of (17R,5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-17-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid analogues and their tritiated derivatives. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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