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Ram RN, Sadanandan S, Kumar Gupta D. β,β,β‐Trichloroethyl‐
N
H‐Enamine as Viable System for 5‐
Endo‐trig
Radical Cyclization
via
Multifaceted Cu
I
−Cu
II
Redox Catalysis: Single Step Synthesis of Multi‐Functionalized
N
H‐Pyrroles. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram N. Ram
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Sandhya Sadanandan
- Department of ChemistryAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri Kerala 690525 India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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2
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Chávez-Santos RM, Reyes-Gutiérrez PE, Torres-Ochoa RO, Ramírez-Apan MT, Martínez R. 5,6-Dihydropyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines as Alternative of New Drugs with Cytotoxic Activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:973-981. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Chávez-Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria
| | | | - Rubén Omar Torres-Ochoa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria
| | - María Teresa Ramírez-Apan
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Roberto Martínez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria
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3
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Kalaitzakis D, Montagnon T, Antonatou E, Vassilikogiannakis G. One-pot Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Framework of the Aromatic Erythrina Alkaloids from Simple Furans. Org Lett 2013; 15:3714-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Tamsyn Montagnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Antonatou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece
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4
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Jiang H, Huang C, Guo J, Zeng C, Zhang Y, Yu S. Direct C-H functionalization of enamides and enecarbamates by using visible-light photoredox catalysis. Chemistry 2012; 18:15158-66. [PMID: 23018775 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Direct C-H functionalization of various enamides and enecarbamates was realized through visible-light photoredox catalyzed reactions. Under the optimized conditions using [Ir(ppy)(2)(dtbbpy)PF(6)] as photocatalyst in combination with Na(2)HPO(4), enamides such as N-vinylpyrrolidinone could be easily functionalized by irradiation of the reaction mixture overnight in acetonitrile with visible light. The scope of the reaction with respect to enamide and enecarbamate substrates by using diethyl 2-bromomalonate for the alkylation reaction was explored, followed by an investigation of the scope of alkylating reagents used to react with the enamides and enecarbamates. The results indicated that reaction takes place with quite broad substrate scope, however, tertiary enamides with an internal C=C double bond in the E configuration could not be alkylated. Alkylation of N-vinyl tertiary enamides and enecarbamates gave monoalkylated products exclusively in the E configuration. Alkylation of N-vinyl secondary enamides gave doubly alkylated products. Double bond migration was observed in the reaction of electron-deficient bromides such as 3-bromoacetyl acetate with N-vinylpyrrolidinone. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction that is different from reported reactions of SOMOphiles with a nonfunctionalized C=C double bond. Further tests on the trifluoromethylation and arylation of enamides and enecarbamates under similar conditions showed that the reactions could serve as a mild, practical, and environmentally friendly approach to various functionalized enamides and enecarbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
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5
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López-Valdez G, Olguín-Uribe S, Millan-Ortíz A, Gamez-Montaño R, Miranda LD. Convenient access to isoindolinones via carbamoyl radical cyclization. Synthesis of cichorine and 4-hydroxyisoindolin-1-one natural products. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Reyes-Gutiérrez PE, Camacho JR, Ramírez-Apan MT, Osornio YM, Martínez R. Synthesis of 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines featuring an intramolecular radical-oxidative cyclization of polysubstituted pyrroles, and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4374-82. [PMID: 20672155 DOI: 10.1039/c004399k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A three-step protocol for the synthesis of 1,2,3,8,9-pentasubstituted-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines is described, using van Leusen's polysubstituted pyrrole construction followed by intramolecular radical-oxidative cyclization of the isoquinoline system. The cytotoxic activities of the dihydropyrroloisoquinolines were tested on six tumor cell lines. Preliminary structure-activity studies revealed the importance of the identity of the aromatic substituent at the C-2 position, particularly a phenyl, m-(amino) phenyl or m-(cyclohexylmethylpiperazinamide) phenyl substituent, for cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Reyes-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, México
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7
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8
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Friestad GK, Wu Y. Intermolecular Nonreductive Alkylation of Enamides via Radical−Polar Crossover. Org Lett 2009; 11:819-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8028077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaoping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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9
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Fuwa H, Sasaki M. Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles and Indolines via Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling/5-endo-trig Cyclization Strategies. J Org Chem 2008; 74:212-21. [PMID: 19007181 DOI: 10.1021/jo801985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fuwa
- Laboratory of Biostructural Chemistry, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Biostructural Chemistry, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-amamiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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10
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Curran DP, Guthrie DB, Geib SJ. How do analogous alpha-chloroenamides and alpha-iodoenamides give different product distributions in 5-endo radical cyclizations? J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8437-45. [PMID: 18540600 DOI: 10.1021/ja8012962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Endo cyclizations of N-alkenyl carbamoylmethyl radicals provide gamma-lactam radicals, which in turn evolve to reduced or non-reduced (alkene) products depending on reagents and reaction conditions. Several groups have made surprising observations that chlorides are better radical precursors than iodides in such cyclizations. Here is described a detailed study of tin and silicon hydride-mediated radical cyclizations of N-benzyl-2-halo-N-cyclohex-1-enylacetamides. The ratios of directly reduced, cyclized/reduced, and cyclized/non-reduced products depend not only on the reaction conditions and reducing reagent but also on the precursor. Prior explanations for the precursor-dependent product ratios based on amide rotamer effects are ruled out. The precursor-dependent behavior is further dissected into two different effects: (1) the ratio of cyclized/reduced products to cyclized/non-reduced products depends on the ability of the radical precursor to react with the product gamma-lactam radical in competition with tin hydride (iodides can compete, chlorides cannot), and (2) the occurrence of large amounts of directly reduced (noncyclized) products in the case of iodides is attributed to a competing ionic chain reaction by which the precursor is reductively deiodinated with HI. This side reaction is not available to chlorides, thereby explaining why the chlorides are better precursors in such reactions. The ability of the iodides to provide cyclized products can be largely restored by adding base. The chlorides and iodides then become complementary precursors, with chlorides giving largely cyclized/reduced products and iodides giving largely cyclized/non-reduced products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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11
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Gowrisankar S, Kim SJ, Lee JE, Kim JN. Unusual synthesis of dihydropyrido[2,1-a]isoindolone derivatives by radical cyclization of enamides of Baylis–Hillman adducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Fukumoto H, Takahashi K, Ishihara J, Hatakeyama S. Total Synthesis of (+)-β-Erythroidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Fukumoto H, Takahashi K, Ishihara J, Hatakeyama S. Total Synthesis of (+)-β-Erythroidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2731-4. [PMID: 16550620 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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14
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Dake G. Recent approaches to the construction of 1-azaspiro[4.5]decanes and related 1-azaspirocycles. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Regioselective alkylation of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran by xanthate-mediated free radical nonchain process. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Majumdar KC, Basu PK, Mukhopadhyay PP. Formation of five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings under radical cyclisation conditions. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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The 5-exo-trig radical cyclization reaction under reductive and oxidative conditions in the synthesis of optically pure GABA derivatives. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Padwa A, Lee HI, Rashatasakhon P, Rose M. Electrophilic-Induced Cyclization Reaction of Hexahydroindolinone Derivatives and Its Application toward the Synthesis of (±)-Erysotramidine. J Org Chem 2004; 69:8209-18. [PMID: 15549789 DOI: 10.1021/jo048647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of variously substituted octahydroindolo[7a,1a]-isoquinolinones has been achieved by an acid-induced cyclization of hexahydroindolinones bearing tethered phenethyl groups. The formation of a single lactam diastereomer is the result of the stereoelectronic preference for axial attack by the aromatic ring onto the initially formed N-acyliminium ion from the least hindered side. Additional experiments showed that a variety of hexahydroindolinones containing tethered pi-bonds undergo a related acid-induced cyclization reaction. Treatment of the 3-methylbut-3-enyl-substituted hexahydroindolinone with acid furnished a 3:1 mixture of isomeric octahydropyrido[2,1-i]indolinones in near-quantitative yield. Interestingly, cyclization of the closely related 1-(3-methoxybut-3-enyl)-substituted hexahydroindolin-one afforded a pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinolinone as the exclusive product. With this system, initial protonation takes place on the more nucleophilic enol ether pi-bond and the resulting carbonium ion undergoes a subsequent cyclization with the enamido pi-bond to give the observed product. The electrophilic promoted cyclizations were extended to include the related hexahydro[1]pyrindinone and 1H-quinolinone systems. An NBS-promoted intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroindolinone was used to assemble the tetracyclic core of the erythrinone skeleton. The resulting cyclized product was transformed into (+/-)-erysotramidine in three additional steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Menes-Arzate M, Martínez R, Cruz-Almanza R, Muchowski JM, Osornio YM, Miranda LD. Efficient, "tin-free" radical cyclization to aromatic systems. synthesis of 5,6,8,9,10,11-hexahydroindolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4001-4. [PMID: 15153044 DOI: 10.1021/jo0497048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient radical cyclization of alkyl iodides to various aromatic systems including pyrrole, indole, isoquinolone, pyridone, and benzene, mediated by dicumyl peroxide, is described. The methodology was used to provide access to 5,6,8,9,10,11-hexahydroindolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Menes-Arzate
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México D. F. 04510, Mexico
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20
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Majumdar KC, Basu PK, Mukhopadhyay PP. Formation of five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings under radical cyclisation conditions. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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