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Brinkmann S, Spohn MS, Schäberle TF. Bioactive natural products from Bacteroidetes. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1045-1065. [PMID: 35315462 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to end of January 2022Bacteria representing the phylum Bacteroidetes produce a diverse range of natural products, including polyketides, peptides and lactams. Here, we discuss unique aspects of the bioactive compounds discovered thus far, and the corresponding biosynthetic pathways if known, providing a comprehensive overview of the Bacteroidetes as a natural product reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Brinkmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marius S Spohn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany. .,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
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2
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Li XZ, Li CC, Jiang CY, Jing ZL, Gu XZ, Ni HJ, Qiu WW. Synthesis of plant-derived cholesterol from bisnoralcohol. Steroids 2022; 178:108967. [PMID: 35085676 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.108967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the market demand of the non-animal-derived cholesterol is increasing. A novel synthetic route of producing cholesterol was developed through multiple reactions from plant-sourced and commercially available bisnoralcohol (BA). The key reaction conditions, including solvents, reaction temperatures, bases and reducing agents of the route were investigated and optimized. In this straightforward synthetic pathway of cholesterol, most of the reaction steps possess high conversions with average yields of 94%, and the overall yield is up to 74% (5 steps) from the BA. The epicholesterol and were also synthesized. This promising route offers economical and efficient strategies for potential large-scale production of plant-derived cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zi Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chen-Chen Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; ECNU-JIAERKE Pharm. Steroids Green Manufacturing Laboratory, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Jiang
- Department of Research and Development, Jiangsu Jiaerke Pharmaceuticals Group Co., Ltd., Zhenglu Town, Changzhou 213111, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Jing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Gu
- Department of Research and Development, Jiangsu Jiaerke Pharmaceuticals Group Co., Ltd., Zhenglu Town, Changzhou 213111, China; ECNU-JIAERKE Pharm. Steroids Green Manufacturing Laboratory, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hao-Jie Ni
- ECNU-JIAERKE Pharm. Steroids Green Manufacturing Laboratory, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wen-Wei Qiu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; ECNU-JIAERKE Pharm. Steroids Green Manufacturing Laboratory, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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3
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Roy R, Roseblade A, Rawling T. Expansion of the structure-activity relationship of branched chain fatty acids: Effect of unsaturation and branching group size on anticancer activity. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104952. [PMID: 32814085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are a class of fatty acid with promising anticancer activity. The BCFA 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTD) inhibits tumour growth in vivo without toxicity but efficacy is limited by moderate potency, a property shared by all known BCFAs. The mechanism of action of BCFAs has not been fully elucidated, and in the absence of a clearly defined target optimisation of BCFA potency must rely on structure-activity relationships. Our current understanding of the structural features that promote BCFA anticancer activity is limited by the low structural diversity of reported BCFAs.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two new structural modifications- unsaturation and branching group size- on BCFA activity. Thus, homologous series of saturated and cis-Δ11 unsaturated BCFAs were synthesised bearing methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl branching groups, and were screened in vitro for activity against three human cancer cell lines. Potencies of the new BCFAs were compared to 13-MTD and an unbranched monounstaurated fatty acid (MUFA) bearing a cis-Δ11 double bond. The principal findings to emerge were that the anticancer activity of BCFAs was adversly affected by larger branching groups but significantly improved by incorporation of a cis-Δ11 double bond into the BCFA alkyl chain. This study provides new structure-activity relationship insights that may be used to develop BCFAs with improved potency and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritik Roy
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Nemati R, Dietz C, Anstadt E, Clark R, Smith M, Nichols F, Yao X. Simultaneous Determination of Absolute Configuration and Quantity of Lipopeptides Using Chiral Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Diastereomeric Internal Standards. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3583-3589. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nemati
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christopher Dietz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Emily Anstadt
- Department
of Immunology and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Robert Clark
- Department
of Immunology and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Michael Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Frank Nichols
- Department
of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
- Institute
for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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5
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Advances in the Chemistry of Natural and Semisynthetic Topoisomerase I/II Inhibitors. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63929-5.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Harusawa S, Shioiri T. Diethyl phosphorocyanidate (DEPC): a versatile reagent for organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dietz C, Hart TK, Nemati R, Yao X, Nichols FC, Smith MB. Structural verification via convergent total synthesis of dipeptide–lipids isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Richardson MB, Williams SJ. A practical synthesis of long-chain iso-fatty acids (iso-C12-C19) and related natural products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1807-12. [PMID: 24062846 PMCID: PMC3778388 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A gram-scale synthesis of terminally-branched iso-fatty acids (iso-C12–C19) was developed commencing with methyl undec-10-enoate (methyl undecylenate) (for iso-C12–C14) or the C15 and C16 lactones pentadecanolide (for iso-C15–C17) and hexadecanolide (for iso-C18–C19). Central to the approaches outlined is the two-step construction of the terminal isopropyl group through addition of methylmagnesium bromide to the ester/lactones and selective reduction of the resulting tertiary alcohols. Thus, the C12, C17 and C18 iso-fatty acids were obtained in three steps from commercially-available starting materials, and the remaining C13–C16 and C19 iso-fatty acids were prepared by homologation or recursive dehomologations of these fatty acids or through intercepting appropriate intermediates. Highlighting the synthetic potential of the iso-fatty acids and various intermediates prepared herein, we describe the synthesis of the natural products (S)-2,15-dimethylpalmitic acid, (S)-2-hydroxy-15-methylpalmitic acid, and 2-oxo-14-methylpentadecane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Richardson
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Serine lipids of Porphyromonas gingivalis are human and mouse Toll-like receptor 2 ligands. Infect Immun 2013; 81:3479-89. [PMID: 23836823 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00803-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The total cellular lipids of Porphyromas gingivalis, a known periodontal pathogen, were previously shown to promote dendritic cell activation and inhibition of osteoblasts through engagement of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The purpose of the present investigation was to fractionate all lipids of P. gingivalis and define which lipid classes account for the TLR2 engagement, based on both in vitro human cell assays and in vivo studies in mice. Specific serine-containing lipids of P. gingivalis, called lipid 654 and lipid 430, were identified in specific high-performance liquid chromatography fractions as the TLR2-activating lipids. The structures of these lipids were defined using tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. In vitro, both lipid 654 and lipid 430 activated TLR2-expressing HEK cells, and this activation was inhibited by anti-TLR2 antibody. In contrast, TLR4-expressing HEK cells failed to be activated by either lipid 654 or lipid 430. Wild-type (WT) or TLR2-deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice were injected with either lipid 654 or lipid 430, and the effects on serum levels of the chemokine CCL2 were measured 4 h later. Administration of either lipid 654 or lipid 430 to WT mice resulted in a significant increase in serum CCL2 levels; in contrast, the administration of lipid 654 or lipid 430 to TLR2(-/-) mice resulted in no increase in serum CCL2. These results thus identify a new class of TLR2 ligands that are produced by P. gingivalis that likely play a significant role in mediating inflammatory responses both at periodontal sites and, potentially, in other tissues where these lipids might accumulate.
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Guimond-Tremblay J, Gagnon MC, Pineault-Maltais JA, Turcotte V, Auger M, Paquin JF. Synthesis and properties of monofluorinated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine derivatives: Potential fluorinated probes for the study of membrane topology. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:1145-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang Y, Gaekwad J, Wolfert MA, Boons GJ. Synthetic tetra-acylated derivatives of lipid A from Porphyromonas gingivalis are antagonists of human TLR4. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:3371-81. [PMID: 18802645 PMCID: PMC2793594 DOI: 10.1039/b809090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetra-acylated lipid As derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS have been synthesized using a key disaccharide intermediate functionalized with levulinate (Lev), allyloxycarbonate (Alloc) and anomeric dimethylthexylsilyl (TDS) as orthogonal protecting groups and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbamate (Fmoc) and azido as amino protecting groups. Furthermore, an efficient cross-metathesis has been employed for the preparation of the unusual branched R-(3)-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecanic acid and (R)-3-hexadecanoyloxy-15-methylhexadecanoic acid of P. gingivalis lipid A. Biological studies have shown that the synthetic lipid As cannot activate human and mouse TLR2 and TLR4 to produce cytokines. However, it has been found that the compounds are potent antagonist of cytokine secretion by human monocytic cells induced by enteric LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Zhang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jidnyasa Gaekwad
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Margreet A. Wolfert
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Bull JA, Balskus EP, Horan RAJ, Langner M, Ley SV. Total Synthesis of Potent Antifungal Marine Bisoxazole Natural Products Bengazoles A and B. Chemistry 2007; 13:5515-38. [PMID: 17440905 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bengazoles are a family of marine natural products that display potent antifungal activity and a unique structure, containing two oxazole rings flanking a single carbon atom. Total syntheses of bengazole A and B are described, which contain a sensitive stereogenic centre at this position between the two oxazoles. Additionally, the synthesis of 10-epi-bengazole A is reported. Two parallel synthetic routes were investigated, relying on construction of the 2,4-disubstituted oxazole under mild conditions and a diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Our successful route is high yielding, provides rapid access to single stereoisomers of the complex natural products and allows the synthesis of analogues for biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Total synthesis of sulfobacin A through dynamic kinetic resolution of a racemic β-keto-α-amino ester hydrochloride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matsuo JI, Iida D, Tatani K, Mukaiyama T. A New Method for Oxidation of Various Alcohols to the Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds by UsingN-t-Butylbenzenesulfinimidoyl Chloride. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shioiri T, Irako N. An Efficient Synthesis of Sulfobacin A (Flavocristamide B), Sulfobacin B, and Flavocristamide A. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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