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O'Driscoll LJ, Bryce MR. A review of oligo(arylene ethynylene) derivatives in molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10668-10711. [PMID: 34110337 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oligo(arylene ethynylene) (OAE) derivatives are the "workhorse" molecules of molecular electronics. Their ease of synthesis and flexibility of functionalisation mean that a diverse array of OAE molecular wires have been designed, synthesised and studied theoretically and experimentally in molecular junctions using both single-molecule and ensemble methods. This review summarises the breadth of molecular designs that have been investigated with emphasis on structure-property relationships with respect to the electronic conductance of OAEs. The factors considered include molecular length, connectivity, conjugation, (anti)aromaticity, heteroatom effects and quantum interference (QI). Growing interest in the thermoelectric properties of OAE derivatives, which are expected to be at the forefront of research into organic thermoelectric devices, is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J O'Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, UKDH1 3LE.
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2
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Busseron E, Cid JJ, Wolf A, Du G, Moulin E, Fuks G, Maaloum M, Polavarapu P, Ruff A, Saur AK, Ludwigs S, Giuseppone N. Light-controlled morphologies of self-assembled triarylamine-fullerene conjugates. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2760-2772. [PMID: 25734231 DOI: 10.1021/nn506646m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A family of triarylamine-fullerene conjugates has been synthesized and shown to self-assemble upon light stimulation in chlorinated solvents. This light-induced process primarily involves excitation of triarylamine derivatives, which then oxidize and stack with their neutral counterparts to form charge transfer complexes in the form of p-conducting channels, while fullerenes are consequently enforced in coaxial n-conducting columnar arrangements. These supramolecular heterojunctions can be organized over very long distances in micrometric fibers when a controlled amount of photons is provided from a white light source to initiate the process. Surprisingly, when sunlight or UV light is used instead, the nanostructuration leads to monodisperse spherical objects due to the nature of the nucleation-growth process involved in the stacks formation. This control over the supramolecular morphology of organic self-assemblies using the nature of light is of general interest for the design of functional responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Busseron
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Juan-José Cid
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Adrian Wolf
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Guangyan Du
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Gad Fuks
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Mounir Maaloum
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Prasad Polavarapu
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
| | - Adrian Ruff
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Saur
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- ‡Institut für Polymerchemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- †SAMS Research Group, University of Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087, Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2, France
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Zhu X, Traub MC, Vanden Bout DA, Plunkett KN. Well-Defined Alternating Copolymers of Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s and Flexible Chains. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinju Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Matthew C. Traub
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
| | - David A. Vanden Bout
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and the Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,
United States
| | - Kyle N. Plunkett
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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4
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Acetylene-based materials in organic photovoltaics. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:1471-508. [PMID: 20480031 PMCID: PMC2871127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11041471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil fuel alternatives, such as solar energy, are moving to the forefront in a variety of research fields. Organic photovoltaic systems hold the promise of a lightweight, flexible, cost-effective solar energy conversion platform, which could benefit from simple solution-processing of the active layer. The discovery of semiconductive polyacetylene by Heeger et al. in the late 1970s was a milestone towards the use of organic materials in electronics; the development of efficient protocols for the palladium catalyzed alkynylation reactions and the new conception of steric and conformational advantages of acetylenes have been recently focused the attention on conjugated triple-bond containing systems as a promising class of semiconductors for OPVs applications. We review here the most important and representative (poly)arylacetylenes that have been used in the field. A general introduction to (poly)arylacetylenes, and the most common synthetic approaches directed toward making these materials will be firstly given. After a brief discussion on working principles and critical parameters of OPVs, we will focus on molecular arylacetylenes, (co)polymers containing triple bonds, and metallopolyyne polymers as p-type semiconductor materials. The last section will deal with hybrids in which oligomeric/polymeric structures incorporating acetylenic linkages such as phenylene ethynylenes have been attached onto C60, and their use as the active materials in photovoltaic devices.
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Holler M, Urbani M, Gégout A, Zhang S, Nierengarten JF. Synthesis of isomeric phenyleneethynylene dendrons and their incorporation in fullerene-based dyads. CR CHIM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Smith T, Modarelli DA. The efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical oligo(phenylenevinylenes). Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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An effective, orthogonal deprotection strategy for differentially functionalized, linear and Y-shaped oligo phenylene ethynylenes. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Yu J, Zhang Z, Ni Y, Lu Y, Xiong Y, Xu W. Preparation and characterization of a novel composite based on hyperbranched polysilane and fullerene. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Huang CH, McClenaghan ND, Kuhn A, Bravic G, Bassani DM. Hierarchical self-assembly of all-organic photovoltaic devices. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Armitt DJ, Crisp GT. The synthesis of bis(oligophenyleneethynylenes): novel potential nonlinear optical materials. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Clifford JN, Gu T, Nierengarten JF, Armaroli N. Photoinduced energy and electron transfer in fullerene–oligophenyleneethynylene systems: dependence on the substituents of the oligomer unit. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2006; 5:1165-72. [PMID: 17136283 DOI: 10.1039/b611321d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of fullerene hybrid systems in which disymmetrically substituted linear oligophenyleneethynylene (OPE) substituents have been attached to C(60) through a pyrrolidine ring are discussed. These hybrid systems differ in both the length of the conjugated OPE backbone and in the type of terminating groups employed, i.e. tri-isopropylsilane (-Si(iPr)(3)) and N,N-di-n-butylaniline (PhN(nBu)(2)). The terminating group is found to be crucial in determining the fate of light absorbed by the hybrid. In CH(2)Cl(2) and benzonitrile, the PhN(nBu)(2) terminated hybrids undergo electron transfer with charge separation lasting as long as 390 ns in the more polar medium, as detected via near-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy. Under the same conditions the Si(iPr)(3) terminated hybrids show ultrafast OPE --> C(60) singlet energy transfer (k = 10(9)-10(10) s(-1)) followed by regular deactivation of the C(60) moiety, as determined via UV-VIR-NIR steady state and time-resolved spectroscopy. Only in polar benzonitrile such systems can undergo electron transfer to some extent (40% yield). The results here presented can be readily explained in light of the electrochemical properties of the hybrids. The low oxidation potentials of the PhN(nBu)(2) terminated systems allow the formation of low lying charge separated states ( approximately 1.45 eV) which, in Si(iPr)(3) terminated analogues, are shifted substantially upward ( approximately 1.90 eV) and become hardly accessible via direct excitation or sensitization of the C(60) singlet level (1.72 eV). These results, when examined in light of the performance of photovoltaic devices using these hybrids as active materials, show a nice structure-activity relationship supporting the appeal of the so-called molecular approach to photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Clifford
- Molecular Photoscience Group, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Camaioni N, Fabbrini G, Menna E, Maggini M, Ridolfi G, Zanelli A. Synthesis and photoresponse of a fullerene–bis(styryl)benzene dyad. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b517933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Guldi DM, Giacalone F, de la Torre G, Segura JL, Martín N. Topological Effects of a Rigid Chiral Spacer on the Electronic Interactions in Donor–Acceptor Ensembles. Chemistry 2005; 11:7199-210. [PMID: 16163762 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two triads (donor-spacer-acceptor), exTTF-BN-C60 (6) and ZnP-BN-C60 (7), in which electron donors (i.e., exTTF or ZnP) are covalently linked to C60 through a chiral binaphthyl bridge (BN), have been prepared in a multistep synthetic procedure starting from a highly soluble enantiomerically pure binaphthyl building block (1). Unlike other oligomeric bridges, with binaphthyl bridges, the conjugation between the donor and the acceptor units is broken and geometric conformational changes are facilitated. Consequently, distances and electronic interactions between the donor and C60 are drastically changed. Both donor-spacer-acceptor (D-s-A) systems (i.e., 6 and 7) exhibit redox processes that correspond to all three constituent electroactive units, namely, donor, BN, and C60. Appreciable differences were, however, observed when comparing triad 6, in which no significant exTTF-C60 interactions were noted, with D-s-A 7, whose geometry favors donor-acceptor and pi-pi interactions that result in ZnP-C60 electronic communication. This through-space interaction is, for example, reflected in the redox potentials. Excited-state studies, carried out by fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, also support through-space rather than through-bond interactions. Although both triads form the corresponding radical-ion pair, that is, exTTF*+-BN-C60*- and ZnP*+-BN-C60*-, dramatic differences were found in their lifetimes: 165 micros and 730 ns, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Guldi
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Handa S, Giacalone F, Haque SA, Palomares E, Martín N, Durrant JR. Solid Film versus Solution-Phase Charge-Recombination Dynamics of exTTF–Bridge–C60 Dyads. Chemistry 2005; 11:7440-7. [PMID: 16254937 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The charge-recombination dynamics of two exTTF-C60 dyads (exTTF = 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene), observed after photoinduced charge separation, are compared in solution and in the solid state. The dyads differ only in the degree of conjugation of the bridge between the donor (exTTF) and the acceptor (C60) moieties. In solution, photoexcitation of the nonconjugated dyad C60-BN-exTTF (1) (BN = 1,1'-binaphthyl) shows slower charge-recombination dynamics compared with the conjugated dyad C60-TVB-exTTF (2) (TVB = bisthienylvinylenebenzene) (lifetimes of 24 and 0.6 micros, respectively), consistent with the expected stronger electronic coupling in the conjugated dyad. However, in solid films, the dynamics are remarkably different, with dyad 2 showing slower recombination dynamics than 1. For dyad 1, recombination dynamics for the solid films are observed to be tenfold faster than in solution, with this acceleration attributed to enhanced electronic coupling between the geminate radical pair in the solid film. In contrast, for dyad 2, the recombination dynamics in the solid film exhibit a lifetime of 7 micros, tenfold slower than that observed for this dyad in solution. These slow recombination dynamics are assigned to the dissociation of the initially formed geminate radical pair to free carriers. Subsequent trapping of the free carriers at film defects results in the observed slow recombination dynamics. It is thus apparent that consideration of solution-phase recombination data is of only limited value in predicting the solid-film behaviour. These results are discussed with reference to the development of organic solar cells based upon molecular donor-acceptor structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Handa
- Centre for Electronic Material and Devices, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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15
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Zhao Y, Shirai Y, Slepkov AD, Cheng L, Alemany LB, Sasaki T, Hegmann FA, Tour JM. Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Multiple [60]Fullerene-Oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene) Hybrids. Chemistry 2005; 11:3643-58. [PMID: 15815994 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200401198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of multiple [60]fullerene terminated oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) hybrid compounds has been synthesized through a newly developed in situ ethynylation method. Structural and magnetic shielding properties of the highly unsaturated carbon-rich C(60) and OPE scaffolds were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. Electronic interactions between the [60]fullerenes and the OPE backbones were investigated by UV/Vis spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. Our studies clearly show that although the multiple [60]fullerene groups are connected via pi-conjugated OPE frameworks, they present diminutive electronic interactions in the ground state, and the electronic behavior of the [60]fullerene cages are only affected by the OPE backbones through modest inductive effects. Interestingly, sizable third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses (gamma) and enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections (sigma((2))) were determined for the multifullerene-OPE hybrid 31 relative to its OPE precursor from differential optical Kerr effect (DOKE) experiments. Such enhanced NLO performance is presumably due to the occurrence of periconjugation and/or charge transfer effects in the excited state. In addition, comparatively strong excited-state absorption was observed and characterized for OPE pentamer 12. Thus, the use of such fullerene-derivatized conjugated oligomers aids the quest for molecules with large third-order NLO and TPA properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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16
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Chaignon F, Torroba J, Blart E, Borgström M, Hammarström L, Odobel F. Distance-independent photoinduced energy transfer over 1.1 to 2.3 nm in ruthenium trisbipyridine–fullerene assemblies. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b506837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Segura JL, Martin N, Guldi DM. Materials for organic solar cells: the C60/π-conjugated oligomer approach. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34:31-47. [PMID: 15643488 DOI: 10.1039/b402417f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review surveys recent advances in the field of C60/pi-conjugated oligomer donor-acceptor ensembles. In particular, different synthetic strategies are discussed that were developed to link pi-conjugated oligomers, as versatile photoexcited state electron donors, to C60. We highlight relationships between the nature/structural aspects of pi-conjugated donor systems and a variety of physico-chemical features. Modifications of the oligomeric components are discussed under aspects of tailoring (i) the absorption cross-section of the chromophore in the visible region, (ii) the oxidation potential of the oligomeric donor moiety, (iii) the size, shape, or chemical makeup of the oligomer, and (iv) the stabilization of the charge-separated radical ion pairs. In the final section, the applicability of selected materials for the fabrication of photovoltaic devices is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Segura
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Complutense, E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Sánchez L, Herranz MÁ, Martín N. C60-based dumbbells: connecting C60cages through electroactive bridges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b417580h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Nierengarten JF, Gu T, Hadziioannou G, Tsamouras D, Krasnikov V. A New Iterative Approach for the Synthesis of Oligo(phenyleneethynediyl) Derivatives and Its Application for the Preparation of Fullerene?Oligo(phenyleneethynediyl) Conjugates as Active Photovoltaic Materials. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200490266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Shirai Y, Zhao Y, Cheng L, Tour JM. Facile Synthesis of Multifullerene-OPE Hybrids via in Situ Ethynylation. Org Lett 2004; 6:2129-32. [PMID: 15200302 DOI: 10.1021/ol049447t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A series of fullerene-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs) (1a-d and 2) have been synthesized and further characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The key step in the syntheses is an effective one-pot reaction that allows the attachment of C(60) to multiple terminal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shirai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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23
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Gu T, Whitesell JK, Fox MA. Electrochemical Charging of a Fullerene-Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayer on Au(111). J Org Chem 2004; 69:4075-80. [PMID: 15176832 DOI: 10.1021/jo049939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A fullerene derivative 10 with a terminal thiol group dissolves easily in common organic solvents and forms a densely packed self-assembled monolayer on gold surfaces. The functionalization of C(60) is based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the azomethine ylide generated in situ from the corresponding aldehyde and N-methylglycine. The monolayers were characterized by grazing angle reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, scan tunneling microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram of a SAM of 10 showed two well-resolved reversible cathodic waves corresponding to the first two one-electron reductions of the fullerene fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
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24
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Simpson CD, Wu J, Watson MD, Müllen K. From graphite molecules to columnar superstructures – an exercise in nanoscience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b312789c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Guldi DM, Luo C, Swartz A, Gómez R, Segura JL, Martín N. π-Conjugated Electroactive Oligomers: Energy and Electron Transducing Systems. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Thomas KG, Biju V, Kamat PV, George MV, Guldi DM. Dynamics of Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Processes in Fullerene-Based Dyads: Effects of Varying the Donor Strength. Chemphyschem 2003; 4:1299-307. [PMID: 14714377 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two classes of fullerene-based donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems containing donors of varying oxidation potentials have been synthesized. These systems include fullerenes linked to heteroaromatic donor groups (phenothiazine/phenoxazine) as well as substituted anilines (p-anisidine/p-toluidine). In contrast to the model compound, an efficient intramolecular electron transfer is observed from the fullerene singlet excited state in polar solvents. An increase in the rate constant and quantum yield of charge separation (kcs and phi cs) has been observed for both classes of dyads, with decrease in the oxidation potentials of the donor groups. This observation indicates that the rates of the forward electron transfer fall in the normal region of the Marcus curve. The long-lived charge separation enabled the characterization of electron transfer products, namely, the radical cation of the donor and radical anion of the pyrrolidinofullerene, by using nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The small reorganization energy (lambda) of C60 coupled with large negative free energy changes (-delta G degree) for the back electron transfer places the back electron process in the inverted region of Marcus curve, thereby stabilizing the electron transfer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K George Thomas
- Photosciences and Photonics Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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27
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Gutiérrez-Nava M, Masson P, Nierengarten JF. Synthesis of copolymers alternating oligophenylenevinylene subunits and fullerene moieties. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Li J, Sun N, Guo ZX, Li C, Li Y, Dai L, Zhu D, Sun D, Cao Y, Fan L. Photovoltaic Devices with Methanofullerenes as Electron Acceptors. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025973v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Louzhen Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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29
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Synthesis of dumbbell-shaped bis-(pyrazolino[60]fullerene)-oligophenylenevinylene derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gu T, Tsamouras D, Melzer C, Krasnikov V, Gisselbrecht JP, Gross M, Hadziioannou G, Nierengarten JF. Photovoltaic devices from fullerene--oligophenyleneethynylene conjugates. Chemphyschem 2002; 3:124-7. [PMID: 12465485 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7641(20020118)3:1<124::aid-cphc124>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gu
- Groupe des Matériaux Organiques Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg Université Louis Pasteur and CNRS 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France
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Obara Y, Takimiya K, Aso Y, Otsubo T. Synthesis and photophysical properties of [60]fullerene-oligo(thienylene–ethynylene) dyads. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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