1
|
Kim JY, Shin WK, Jaladi AK, An DK. Chemoselective reduction of aldehydes and ketones by potassium diisobutyl-t-butoxy aluminum hydride (PDBBA). Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
2
|
Bateman CM, Beal H, Barker JE, Thompson BL, Donovan D, Grant BJ, Shooter J, Arakawa JH, Johnson S, Allen CJ, Yates JL, Kato R, Tinsley CWK, Zakharov LN, Abbey ER. One-Step Conversion of Potassium Organotrifluoroborates to Metal Organoborohydrides. Org Lett 2018; 20:3784-3787. [PMID: 29944380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This letter describes the one-step conversion of heteroatom-substituted potassium organotrifluoroborates (KRBF3) to metal monoorganoborohydrides (MRBH3) using alkali metal aluminum hydrides. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups, expanding MRBH3 diversity. Hydride removal with Me3SiCl in the presence of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) affords the organoborane·DMAP (RBH2·DMAP) adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Bateman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Hailey Beal
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Joshua E Barker
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Brena L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Drake Donovan
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Bradley J Grant
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Jesse Shooter
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Jordan H Arakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Spencer Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Caleb J Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - James L Yates
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Ryota Kato
- Department of Chemistry for Materials , Mie University , Tsu , Mie 514-8507 , Japan
| | - Colby W K Tinsley
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CAMCOR , University of Oregon , Eugene , Oregon 97403 , United States
| | - Eric R Abbey
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, & Physics , Eastern Washington University , Cheney , Washington 99004 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tabatabaei Rezaei SJ, Khorramabadi H, Hesami A, Ramazani A, Amani V, Ahmadi R. Chemoselective Reduction of Nitro and Nitrile Compounds with Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes-Supported Pt(II) Catalyst under Mild Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Khorramabadi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Hesami
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Amani
- Department
of Chemistry, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ahmadi
- Department
of Chemistry, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tabatabaei Rezaei SJ, Mashhadi Malekzadeh A, Poulaei S, Ramazani A, Khorramabadi H. Chemo-selective reduction of nitro and nitrile compounds using Ni nanoparticles immobilized on hyperbranched polymer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sima Poulaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Zanjan; PO Box 45195-313 Zanjan Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Zanjan; PO Box 45195-313 Zanjan Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Zanjan; PO Box 45195-313 Zanjan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bailey CL, Joh AY, Hurley ZQ, Anderson CL, Singaram B. Controlled Reduction of Tertiary Amides to the Corresponding Alcohols, Aldehydes, or Amines Using Dialkylboranes and Aminoborohydride Reagents. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3619-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High
Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander Y. Joh
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High
Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Zefan Q. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High
Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Christopher L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High
Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High
Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nabid MR, Bide Y, Niknezhad M. Fe3O4-SiO2-P4VP pH-Sensitive Microgel for Immobilization of Nickel Nanoparticles: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Nitrile Reduction in Water. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
|
8
|
Saavedra JZ, Resendez A, Rovira A, Eagon S, Haddenham D, Singaram B. Reaction of InCl3 with Various Reducing Agents: InCl3–NaBH4-Mediated Reduction of Aromatic and Aliphatic Nitriles to Primary Amines. J Org Chem 2011; 77:221-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Z. Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Angel Resendez
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander Rovira
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Dustin Haddenham
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Olson JP, Gichinga MG, Butala E, Navarro HA, Gilmour BP, Carroll FI. Synthesis and evaluation of 1,2,4-methyltriazines as mGluR5 antagonists. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4276-86. [PMID: 21503289 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we showed that 3-(substituted phenylethynyl)-5-methyl[1,2,4]triazine analogues of MPEP were potent antagonists of glutamate-mediated mobilization of internal calcium in an mGluR5 in vitro efficacy assay. In the present study we report the synthesis and evaluation of six 3-(substituted biphenylethynyl)-5-methyl[1,2,4]triazines (5a-f), and five 3-(substituted phenoxyphenylethynyl)-5-methyltriazines (6a-e). Compound 2-(4-fluorophenyl-5-[2-(5-methyl[1,2,4]triazine-3-yl)ethynyl]benzonitrile (5f) with an IC(50) of 28.2 nM was the most potent analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Olson
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, P. O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simon J, Nguyen TT, Chelain E, Lensen N, Pytkowicz J, Chaume G, Brigaud T. Concise synthesis of enantiopure (S)- and (R)-α-trifluoromethyl aspartic acid and α-trifluoromethyl serine from chiral trifluoromethyl oxazolidines (Fox) via a Strecker-type reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
11
|
Kas’yan LI, Kas’yan AO, Golodaeva EA. Methods and mechanisms of epoxy compounds reduction. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428008020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Sutherland HS, Blaser A, Kmentova I, Franzblau SG, Wan B, Wang Y, Ma Z, Palmer BD, Denny WA, Thompson AM. Synthesis and Structure−activity Relationships of Antitubercular 2-Nitroimidazooxazines Bearing Heterocyclic Side Chains. J Med Chem 2009; 53:855-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901378u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish S. Sutherland
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Adrian Blaser
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Iveta Kmentova
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, 40 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005
| | - Brian D. Palmer
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew M. Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haddenham D, Pasumansky L, DeSoto J, Eagon S, Singaram B. Reductions of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles to Primary Amines with Diisopropylaminoborane. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1964-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8023329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Haddenham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Lubov Pasumansky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Jamie DeSoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Scott Eagon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Practical and divergent synthesis of 1- and 5-substituted 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecanes and undecan-2-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Pasumansky L, Goralski CT, Singaram B. Lithium Aminoborohydrides: Powerful, Selective, Air-Stable Reducing Agents. Org Process Res Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/op0600759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubov Pasumansky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A., and CTG Consulting, LLC, Midland, Michigan 48642, U.S.A
| | - Christian T. Goralski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A., and CTG Consulting, LLC, Midland, Michigan 48642, U.S.A
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A., and CTG Consulting, LLC, Midland, Michigan 48642, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pratt LM, Nguyên NV. Gas-Phase Reactions of Lithium Dimethylaminoborohydride and Related Species. J Org Chem 2005; 70:10561-4. [PMID: 16323871 DOI: 10.1021/jo0519209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to examine the mechanisms of reduction and amination of chloromethane by lithium dimethylaminoborohydride (LAB) in the gas phase. For comparison, the amination of chloromethane by lithium dimethylamide and the reduction by borane, diborane, and borohydride ions were also examined. The reduction of chloromethane by LAB occurred most readily from a conformation that allowed coordination of the lithium atom to the chloride leaving group, and the most favorable amination pathway occurred by a backside attack of the nitrogen nucleophile on chloromethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, Fisk University, 1000 17th Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee 37209, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
García GV, Nudelman NS. TANDEM REACTIONS INVOLVING ORGANOLITHIUM REAGENTS. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940309355860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
[structure: see text]. The synthesis of novel pyrazine derivatives bearing pyrrolic substituents is reported; the ability of these systems to bind certain biologically relevant anions in dichloromethane is also detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pratt LM, Mogali S, Glinton K. Solvent effects on the aggregation state of lithium dialkylaminoborohydrides. J Org Chem 2003; 68:6484-8. [PMID: 12919007 DOI: 10.1021/jo034498+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to determine the effects of ethereal solvents on the aggregation state of lithium dialkylaminoborohydrides (LABs). The calculations included dimerization energies in the gas phase, with continuum solvation only, microsolvation with coordinating ethereal ligands, and a combination of the microsolvation and continuum models. The continuum model alone overestimates the stability of the dimers, apparently due to the lack of steric effects from the coordinating ethereal ligands. The use of the combined microsolvation and continuum solvation models predicts lithium dimethylaminoborohydride to be a mixture of monomer and dimer in THF, and more sterically hindered lithium aminoborohydrides to exist primarily as monomers. The kinetics of amination of 1-chlorodecane by lithium dimethylaminoborohydride showed no detectable change in reaction rate with time, suggesting that the LAB reagent may exist primarily as a monomer in THF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Pratt
- Department of Chemistry, Fisk University, 1000 17th Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mogali S, Darville K, Pratt LM. Ab initio analysis of lithium dimethylaminoborohydride. J Org Chem 2001; 66:2368-73. [PMID: 11281777 DOI: 10.1021/jo001600j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio calculations were used to determine the equilibrium geometries and energies of lithium dimethylaminoborohydride. Relative energies of the monomeric and dimeric species were calculated in the gas phase and for the dimethyl ether microsolvated molecules. The most stable structure was a dimer in which the lithium and boron atoms were bridged by two hydrogen atoms, similar to the three-center two-electron bonds in diborane. This hydrogen bridging was maintained in the lithium dimethylaminoborohydride bis(dimethyl ether) microsolvate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mogali
- Department of Chemistry, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thomas S, Collins CJ, Cuzens JR, Spiciarich D, Goralski CT, Singaram B. Aminoborohydrides. 12. Novel tandem S(N)Ar amination-reduction reactions of 2-halobenzonitriles with lithium N,N-dialkylaminoborohydrides. J Org Chem 2001; 66:1999-2004. [PMID: 11300892 DOI: 10.1021/jo001388j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel tandem amination-reduction reaction has been developed in which 2-(N,N-dialkylamino)benzylamines are generated from 2-halobenzonitriles and lithium N,N-dialkylaminoborohydride (LAB) reagents. These reactions are believed to occur through a tandem S(N)Ar amination-reduction mechanism wherein the LAB reagent promotes halide displacement by the N,N-dialkylamino group, and the nitrile is subsequently reduced. This one-pot procedure is complimentary to existing synthetic methods and is an attractive synthetic tool for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of halobenzenes with less nucleophilic amines. The (N,N-dialkylamino)benzylamine products of this reaction are easily isolated after a simple aqueous workup procedure in very good to excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Collins CJ, Lanz M, Goralski CT, Singaram B. Aminoborohydrides. 10. The Synthesis of Tertiary Amine−Boranes from Various Benzyl Halides and Lithium N,N-Dialkylaminoborohydrides. J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jo982176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 and The Dow Chemical Company, Contract Manufacturing Services, Midland, Michigan 48674
| | - Marc Lanz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 and The Dow Chemical Company, Contract Manufacturing Services, Midland, Michigan 48674
| | - Christian T. Goralski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 and The Dow Chemical Company, Contract Manufacturing Services, Midland, Michigan 48674
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064 and The Dow Chemical Company, Contract Manufacturing Services, Midland, Michigan 48674
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|