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Aliyu HB, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR, Ideris A. Genetic Diversity of Recent Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Isolated From Vaccinated Poultry Flocks in Malaysia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:643976. [PMID: 33959650 PMCID: PMC8093787 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.643976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an essential component in controlling infectious bursal disease (IBD), however, there is a lack of information on the genetic characteristics of a recent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) that was isolated from IBD vaccinated commercial flocks in Malaysia. The present study investigated 11 IBDV isolates that were isolated from commercial poultry farms. The isolates were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the hypervariable region (HVR) of VP2. Based on the HVR sequences, five isolates (IBS536/2017, IBS624/2017, UPM766/2018, UPM1056/2018, and UPM1432/2019) were selected for whole-genome sequencing using the MiSeq platform. The nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequences were compared with the previously characterized IBDV strains. Deduced aa sequences of VP2HVR revealed seven isolates with 94–99% aa identity to very virulent strains (genogroup 3), two isolates with 97–100% aa identity to variant strains (genogroup 2), and two strains with 100% identity to the vaccine strain (genogroup 1) of IBDV. The phylogenetic analysis also showed that the isolates formed clusters with the respective genogroups. The characteristic motifs 222T, 249K, 286I, and 318D are typical of the variant strain and were observed for UPM1219/2019 and UPM1432/2019. In comparison, very virulent residues such as 222A, 249Q, 286T, and 318G were found for the vvIBDV, except for the UPM1056/2018 strain with a A222T substitution. In addition, the isolate has aa substitutions such as D213N, G254D, S315T, S317R, and A321E that are not commonly found in previously reported vvIBDV strains. Unlike the other vvIBDVs characterized in this study, UPM766/2018 lacks the MLSL aa residues in VP5. The aa tripeptides 145/146/147 (TDN) of VP1 were conserved for the vvIBDV, while a different motif, NED, was observed for the Malaysian variant strain. The phylogenetic tree showed that the IBDV variant clustered with the American and Chinese variant viruses and are highly comparable to the novel Chinese variants, with 99.9% identity. Based on the sequences and phylogenetic analyses, this is the first identification of an IBDV variant being reported in Malaysia. Further research is required to determine the pathogenicity of the IBDV variant and the protective efficacy of the current IBD vaccines being used against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayatuddeen Bako Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Avian Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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2
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Wang B, Duan X, Fu M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Cao H, Zheng SJ. The association of ribosomal protein L18 (RPL18) with infectious bursal disease virus viral protein VP3 enhances viral replication. Virus Res 2017; 245:69-79. [PMID: 29273342 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by IBD virus (IBDV). IBDV VP3 is a multifunctional protein playing a key role in virus assembly and pathogenesis. To investigate the role of VP3 in pathogenesis, we transfected DF-1 cells with pRK5-FLAG-vp3 and found that VP3 enhanced type I interferon expression and suppressed IBDV replication. Furthermore we found that VP3 interacted with chicken Ribosomal Protein L18 (chRPL18) in host cells and knockdown of chRPL18 by RNAi significantly promoted Type I interferon expression and inhibited IBDV replication. Moreover, our data show that chicken double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (chPKR) interacted with both VP3 and chRPL18. Thus chRPL18 in association with VP3 and chPKR affects viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueyan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengjiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun J Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Zheng X, Jia L, Hu B, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Gao X, Deng T, Bao S, Xu L, Zhou J. The C-terminal amyloidogenic peptide contributes to self-assembly of Avibirnavirus viral protease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14794. [PMID: 26440769 PMCID: PMC4594098 DOI: 10.1038/srep14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other viral protease, Avibirnavirus infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-encoded viral protease VP4 forms unusual intracellular tubule-like structures during viral infection. However, the formation mechanism and potential biological functions of intracellular VP4 tubules remain largely elusive. Here, we show that VP4 can assemble into tubules in diverse IBDV-infected cells. Dynamic analysis show that VP4 initiates the assembly at early stage of IBDV infection, and gradually assembles into larger size of fibrils within the cytoplasm and nucleus. Intracellular assembly of VP4 doesn't involve the host cytoskeleton, other IBDV-encoded viral proteins or vital subcellular organelles. Interestingly, the last C-terminal hydrophobic and amyloidogenic stretch (238)YHLAMA(243) with two "aggregation-prone" alanine residues was found to be essential for its intracellular self-assembly. The assembled VP4 fibrils show significantly low solubility, subsequently, the deposition of highly assembled VP4 structures ultimately deformed the host cytoskeleton and nucleus, which was potentially associated with IBDV lytic infection. Importantly, the assembly of VP4 significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of protease activity in host cells which potentially prevent the premature cell death and facilitate viral replication. This study provides novel insights into the formation mechanism and biological functions of the Avibirnavirus protease-related fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.,State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Lu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Boli Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tingjuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shengjun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.,State Key Laboratory and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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4
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Chang GRL, Chian WH, Liao JH, Lin HM, Lai SY, Wang MY. Characterization of tubule and monomer derived from VP4 protein of infectious bursal disease virus. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Chang GRL, Wang MY, Liao JH, Hsiao YP, Lai SY. Endopeptidase activity characterization of E. coli-derived infectious bursal disease virus protein 4 tubules. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:789-95. [PMID: 23081839 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral protein 4 (VP4) is a serine protease that catalyzes the hydrolysis of polyprotein pVP2-VP4-VP3 of infectious bursal disease virus. In this report, the recombinant VP4 with a His-tag and three mutants (VP4-S652A, VP4-K692A and VP4-S652A.K692A) were expressed in Escherichia coli. Soluble VP4 was purified using immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography or sucrose density gradient following with gel-filtration chromatography. The purified VP4 has a tubular structure with 25-30 nm in width and ∼300 nm in length, as observed by transmission electron microscope. A similar tubular structure was also found for these three mutants. The endopeptidase activity of these VP4 tubules was characterized by fluorescence resonance energy transfer using a synthetic fluorogenic oligopeptide as a substrate. The results show that the tubule-like VP4 is a functional enzyme with K(m) of 43 ± 2 μM and k(cat) of 0.04 ± 0.01 min⁻¹; however, k(cat) of three mutants were significantly reduced. This is the first report to demonstrate that VP4 protein expressed in E. coli can self-assemble into functional tubule-like particles and its activity can be completely inhibited by 1 mM of Ni⁺² ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ro-Lin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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6
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Wang Y, Qi X, Kang Z, Yu F, Qin L, Gao H, Gao Y, Wang X. A single amino acid in the C-terminus of VP3 protein influences the replication of attenuated infectious bursal disease virus in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2010; 87:223-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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The VP5 protein of infectious bursal disease virus promotes virion release from infected cells and is not involved in cell death. Arch Virol 2009; 154:1873-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Lojkić I, Bidin Z, Pokrić B. Sequence analysis of both genome segments of three Croatian infectious bursal disease field viruses. Avian Dis 2008; 52:513-9. [PMID: 18939645 DOI: 10.1637/8272-022808-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the mutations responsible for virulence, three Croatian field infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV), designated Cro-Ig/02, Cro-Po/00, and Cro-Pa/98 were characterized. Coding regions of both genomic segments were sequenced, and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared with previously reported full-length sequenced IBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of polyprotein and VP1, was performed. Eight characteristic amino acid residues, that were common to very virulent (vv) IBDV, were detected on polyprotein: 222A, 256I, 294I, 451L, 685N, 715S, 751D, and 1005A. All eight were found in Cro-Ig/02 and Cro-Po/00. C-Pa/98 had all the characteristics of an attenuated strain, except for glutamine on residue 253, which is common for vv, classical virulent, and variant strains. Between less virulent and vvIBDV, three substitutions were found on VP5: 49 G --> R, 79 --> F, and 137 R --> W. In VP1, there were nine characteristic amino acid residues common to vvwIBDV: 146D, 147N, 242E, 390M, 393D, 511S, 562P, 687P, and 695R. All nine residues were found in A-Ig/02, and eight were found in B-Po/00, which had isoleucine on residue 390. Based on our analyses, isolates Cro-Ig/02 and Cro-Po/00 were classified with vv IBDV strains. C-Pa/98 shared all characteristic amino acid residues with attenuated and classical virulence strains, so it was classified with those.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lojkić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for General Virology, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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9
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Liu HCS, Hicks JA. Using Proteomics to Understand Avian Systems Biology and Infectious Disease. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1523-9. [PMID: 17575203 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.7.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteome is defined as the protein complement to the genome. Proteomics is the study of the proteome. Several techniques are frequently used in proteomics; these include 2-hybrid systems, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Systems biology is a scientific approach that takes into account the complex relationships among and between genes and proteins and determines how all of these interactions come together to form a functional organism. Proteomic tools can simultaneously probe the properties of numerous proteins and thus are a great aid to the emerging field of systems biology, in which the functional interactions of numerous proteins are studied instead of studying individual proteins as isolated entities. In the field of avian biology, proteomics has been used to study everything from the development and function of organs and systems to the interactions of infectious agents and the altered states that they induce in their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C S Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA.
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10
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Deng X, Gao Y, Gao H, Qi X, Cheng Y, Wang X, Wang X. Antigenic structure analysis of VP3 of infectious bursal disease virus. Virus Res 2007; 129:35-42. [PMID: 17590471 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
VP3 is one of the major structural proteins of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), but the epitopes of VP3 have not been precisely identified. To further identify its epitopes, VP3 of Gx strain was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Female BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified VP3 and then four VP3-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed. The MAbs specifically reacted with chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected with IBDV. A set of 17 partially overlapping or consecutive peptides (P1-P17) spanning VP3 were expressed for epitope screening by pepscan. Through Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), two epitopes of VP3, 109-119aa (864-874aa of polyprotein) and 177-190aa (932-945aa of polyprotein), were identified. The two epitopes are totally homologous in many vvIBDV, classical strains, attenuated strains and serotype 2. Both peptides have good immunogenicity and could induce antibodies against IBDV in BALB/c mice. In addition, the two epitope peptides could react with IBDV positive chicken serum and IBDV VP3 positive mice serum. This is the first time that the linear B cell epitopes on VP3 of IBDV have been identified in such a precise location, which may be a benefit to further understanding VP3 of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
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11
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Petkov D, Linnemann E, Kapczynski DR, Sellers HS. Full-length sequence analysis of four IBDV strains with different pathogenicities. Virus Genes 2007; 34:315-26. [PMID: 16927125 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-006-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of field isolate 9109, Lukert, Edgar cell culture-adapted (CCA), and Edgar chicken embryo-adapted (CEA) serotype 1 IBDV strains using full-length genomic sequences is reported. IBDV genomic segments A and B were sequenced and the nucleotide and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were compared with previously reported full-length sequenced IBDV strains. We found that the viral protein VPX and amino acid sequences between aa 202-451 and 210-473 of VP2 but not the entire VP2 protein are the best representatives of the entire IBDV genome. The greatest variability was found in the VP2 and 5' non-coding region of segment B among IBDV strains. The deduced amino acid sequences of the VP1 protein varies in length among the strains analyzed. The RNA-dependent, RNA-polymerase motifs within VP1 and the VP5 protein were highly conserved among isolates. Although within the VP2 processing site, amino acid sequence of Lukert was similar to the classical while the Edgar CCA, and CEA were more similar to the very virulent strains, it was determined that these strains have sequence characteristics of the classical strains. In addition, close relatedness between Lukert, Edgar CCA and CEA was observed. Although phylogenetic analysis of the VP1, VP3, and VP4 proteins indicated that 9109 is a classical type virus, this isolate shares unique amino acid changes with very virulent strains within the same proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3' and 5' non-coding regions of segment A revealed that 9109 is more similar to the very virulent strains compared to the classical strains. In the VP2 protein, several amino acids were conserved between variant E and 9109 strains. Thus, it appears that 9109 isolate has characteristics of classical, very virulent, and variant strains. Our analysis indicates that although VPX amino acid comparison may be initially useful for molecular typing, full-length genomic sequence analysis is essential for thorough molecular characterization as partial sequences may not designate a particular strain as very virulent, classical, or variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petkov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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12
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Lee CC, Ko TP, Chou CC, Yoshimura M, Doong SR, Wang MY, Wang AHJ. Crystal structure of infectious bursal disease virus VP2 subviral particle at 2.6A resolution: implications in virion assembly and immunogenicity. J Struct Biol 2006; 155:74-86. [PMID: 16677827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The structural protein VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) spontaneously forms a dodecahedral T=1 subviral particle (SVP), and is a primary immunogen of the virus. In this study, the structure of IBDV SVP was determined in a cubic crystal and refined to 2.6A resolution. It contains 20 independent VP2 subunits in a crystallographic asymmetric unit. Each subunit is folded mainly into a shell domain and a protrusion domain, both with the Swiss-roll topology, plus a small helical base domain. Three VP2 subunits constitute a tight trimer, which is the building block of IBDV (sub)viral particles. The structure revealed a calcium ion bound to three pairs of symmetry-related Asp31 and Asp174 to stabilize the VP2 trimer. Our results of treatment of SVP with EGTA, a Ca(2+)-chelating reagent, indicated that the metal-ion may be important not only in maintaining highly stable quaternary structure but also in regulating the swelling and dissociation of the icosahedral particles. A Ca(2+)-dependent assembly pathway was thus proposed, which involves further interactions between the trimers. The 20 independent subunits showed conformational variations, with the surface loops of the protrusion domain being the most diverse. These loops are targets of the neutralizing antibodies. Several common interactions between the surface loops were clearly observed, suggesting a possible major conformation of the immunogenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Lee
- Structural Biology Program, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Pous J, Chevalier C, Ouldali M, Navaza J, Delmas B, Lepault J. Structure of birnavirus-like particles determined by combined electron cryomicroscopy and X-ray crystallography. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:2339-2346. [PMID: 16033982 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Birnaviruses possess a capsid with a single protein layer in contrast to most double-stranded RNA viruses infecting multicellular eukaryotes. Using freeze-drying and heavy metal shadowing, the capsids of two birnaviruses, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, as well as of an IBDV virus-like particle (VLP) are shown to follow the same T=13 laevo icosahedral geometry. The structure of the VLP was determined at a resolution of approximately 15 Å (1·5 nm) by a combination of electron cryomicroscopy and a recently developed three-dimensional reconstruction method, where the scattering density is expressed in terms of symmetry-adapted functions. This reconstruction methodology is well adapted to the icosahedral symmetry of viruses and only requires a small number of images to analyse. The atomic model of the external capsid protein, VP2, recently determined by X-ray crystallography, fits well into the VLP reconstruction and occupies all the electron densities present in the map. Thus, similarly to the IBDV virion, only VP2 forms the icosahedral layer of the VLP. The other components of both VLP and IBDV particles that play a crucial role in the capsid assembly, VP1, VP3 and the peptides arising from the processing of pVP2, do not follow the icosahedral symmetry, allowing them to be involved in other processes such as RNA packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Pous
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, UMR 2472 CNRS-INRA, 1 avenue de la terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Chevalier
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Domaine de Vilvert, INRA, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Malika Ouldali
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, UMR 2472 CNRS-INRA, 1 avenue de la terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jorge Navaza
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, UMR 2472 CNRS-INRA, 1 avenue de la terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard Delmas
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Domaine de Vilvert, INRA, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean Lepault
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, UMR 2472 CNRS-INRA, 1 avenue de la terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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14
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Villanueva RA, Galaz JL, Valdés JA, Jashés MM, Sandino AM. Genome assembly and particle maturation of the birnavirus infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. J Virol 2004; 78:13829-38. [PMID: 15564491 PMCID: PMC533905 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.24.13829-13838.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed the morphogenesis of the birnavirus infectious pancreatic necrosis virus throughout the infective cycle in CHSE-214 cells by using a native agarose electrophoresis system. Two types of viral particles (designated A and B) were identified, isolated, and characterized both molecularly and biologically. Together, our results are consistent with a model of morphogenesis in which the genomic double-stranded RNA is immediately assembled, after synthesis, into a large (66-nm diameter) and uninfectious particle A, where the capsid is composed of both mature and immature viral polypeptides. Upon maturation, particles A yield particles B through the proteolytic cleavage of most of the remaining viral precursors within the capsid, the compaction of the particle (60-nm diameter), and the acquisition of infectivity. These studies will provide the foundation for further analyses of birnavirus particle assembly and RNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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15
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Oña A, Luque D, Abaitua F, Maraver A, Castón JR, Rodríguez JF. The C-terminal domain of the pVP2 precursor is essential for the interaction between VP2 and VP3, the capsid polypeptides of infectious bursal disease virus. Virology 2004; 322:135-42. [PMID: 15063123 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Revised: 01/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) capsid proteins VP2 and VP3 has been analyzed in vivo using baculovirus expression vectors. Data presented here demonstrate that the 71-amino acid C-terminal-specific domain of pVP2, the VP2 precursor, is essential for the establishment of the VP2-VP3 interaction. Additionally, we show that coexpression of the pVP2 and VP3 polypeptides from independent genes results in the assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs). This observation demonstrates that these two polypeptides contain the minimal information required for capsid assembly, and that this process does not require the presence of the precursor polyprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oña
- Department of Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Müller H, Islam MR, Raue R. Research on infectious bursal disease--the past, the present and the future. Vet Microbiol 2004; 97:153-65. [PMID: 14637046 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus (IBDV) is the etiological agent of "Gumboro disease". Although first observed about 40 years ago, this disease continues to pose an important threat to the commercial poultry industry. The emergence of antigenic variant as well as very virulent strains in vaccinated flocks considerably stimulated research efforts on both, IBD and IBDV. In this review, some of the recent advances in the understanding of the structure, morphogenesis and molecular biology of the virus as well as in development of new diagnostic approaches and new strategies for vaccination against IBD are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Müller
- Institute for Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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